Sun N, Hao JR, Li XY, Yin XH, Zong YY, Zhang GY, Gao C. GluR6-FasL-
Trx2 mediates denitrosylation and activation of procaspase-3 in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats.
Cell Death Dis 2013;
4:e771. [PMID:
23949220 PMCID:
PMC3763460 DOI:
10.1038/cddis.2013.299]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) facilitates the activation of procaspase-3 and promotes apoptosis in hippocampus. But the mechanisms have remained uncharacterized. Protein S-nitrosylation and denitrosylation is an important reversible posttranslational modification, which is a common mechanism in signal transduction and affects numerous physiological and pathophysiological events. However, it is not known whether S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation modification of procaspase-3 serves as a component of apoptosis and cell death induced by cerebral I/R. Here we show that procaspase-3 is significantly denitrosylated and activated after I/R in rat hippocampus. NS102, a glutamate receptor 6 (GluR6) antagonist, can inhibit the denitrosylation of procaspase-3 and diminish the increased Fas ligand (FasL) and thioredoxin (Trx)-2 expression induced by cerebral I/R. Moreover, downregulation of FasL expression by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides inhibits the denitrosylation and activation of procaspase-3. Auranofin, a TrxR inhibitor or TrxR2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, has similar effects. In primary hippocampal cultures, Lentiviral-mediated knockdown of FasL and TrxR2 before the oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation further verifies that FasL and TrxR2 are involved in the denitrosylation of procaspase-3. In situ TUNEL staining and cresyl violet staining validate that inhibiting denitrosylation of procaspase-3 may exert neuroprotective effect on apoptosis and cell death induced by cerebral I/R in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. This is the first evidence that cerebral I/R mediates procaspase-3 denitrosylation and activation through GluR6-FasL-Trx2 pathway, which leads to neuronal apoptosis and cell death.
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