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Watanabe M, Okada KI, Hamasaki Y, Funamoto M, Kobayashi Y, MacAskill M, Anderson T. Ocular drift reflects volitional action preparation. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:1892-1910. [PMID: 30719791 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human cognitive behavior is predictive rather than reflexive because of volitional action preparation. Recent studies have shown that the covert process of volitional action preparation can be decoded from overt fixational eye movements of fixational/microsaccades and pupil dilation. Ocular drift, the slowest fixational eye movements, is also under the active neural control, but its relationship with cognitive behavior is unknown. Here, we examined whether ocular drift also reflects volitional action preparation. We analyzed ocular drift while adult humans maintained fixation on a central visual stimulus as they prepared to generate a volitional saccade. We adopted the antisaccade paradigm in which subjects generate a targeting saccade toward the opposite direction of a peripheral visual stimulus. Our findings are the following five points. First, ocular drift was slower when subjects prepared for targeting saccade initiation than when such preparation was unnecessary. Second, ocular drift was slowed down with elapsed time from fixation initiation, which was associated with the facilitation of targeting saccade initiation. Third, ocular drift was further slowed on correct antisaccade trials than when subjects failed to suppress targeting saccades toward peripheral stimuli. Fourth, such correlation with antisaccade performance was observed immediately after fixation initiation in ocular drift, but it emerged more slowly in the other fixational eye movements. Fifth, subjects with unstable fixation because of faster ocular drift had poorer antisaccade performance. We suggest that fixation stability measured by ocular drift can be used to decode the covert process of volitional action preparation along with the other fixational eye movements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken-Ichi Okada
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Hamasaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Funamoto
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan.,Research Center for Behavioral Economics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michael MacAskill
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tim Anderson
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Neurology, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Huchon L, Badet L, Roy AC, Finos L, Gazarian A, Revol P, Bernardon L, Rossetti Y, Morelon E, Rode G, Farnè A. Grasping objects by former amputees: The visuo-motor control of allografted hands. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2018; 34:615-33. [PMID: 26890093 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-150502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hand allograft has recently emerged as a therapeutic option for upper limb amputees. Functional neuroimaging studies have progressively revealed sensorimotor cortices plasticity following both amputation and transplantation. The purpose of our study was to assess and characterize the functional recovery of the visuo-motor control of prehension in bilateral hand transplanted patients. METHODS Using kinematics recordings, we characterized the performance of prehension with or without visual feed-back for object of different position and size, in five bilateral hand allograft recipients and age-matched control subjects. Both hands were assessed, separately. RESULTS Despite an overall slower execution, allografted patients succeeded in grasping for more than 90% of the trials. They exhibited a preserved hand grip scaling according to object size, and preserved prehension performances when tested without visual feedback. These findings highlight the allograft recipients' abilities to produce an effective motor program, and a good proprioceptive-dependent online control. Nevertheless, the maximum grip aperture was reduced and delayed, the coupling between Transport and Grasp components was altered, and the final phase of the movement was lengthened. CONCLUSION Hand allotransplantation can offer recipients a good recovery of the visuo-motor control of prehension, with slight impairments likely attributable to peripheral neuro-orthopedic limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Huchon
- ImpAct Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France.,Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Mouvement Handicap, Henry Gabrielle Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Lionel Badet
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Transplantation Surgery Department, Edouart Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Livio Finos
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Aram Gazarian
- Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Clinique du Parc Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Patrice Revol
- ImpAct Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France.,Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Mouvement Handicap, Henry Gabrielle Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | | | - Yves Rossetti
- ImpAct Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France.,Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Mouvement Handicap, Henry Gabrielle Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Morelon
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Nephrology and Immunology Department, Edouart Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Rode
- ImpAct Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France.,Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Mouvement Handicap, Henry Gabrielle Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Alessandro Farnè
- ImpAct Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France.,Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
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Marinovic W, Homan M, Carroll TJ. Use-dependent directional bias does not transfer to the untrained limb during bimanual contractions. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 47:33-39. [PMID: 29119684 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Skills learned through practice with one limb can often be transferred to the untrained limb. In the present report, we sought to determine whether movement direction biases, acquired through repeated movement with one limb, transfer to the untrained limb. In order to do so, we asked participants to perform synchronized bilateral contractions of muscles in both wrists, followed by the unilateral contraction of muscles in one wrist. In four experiments, we manipulated the position of the unilateral target to create use-dependent directional biases; changed the direction of the cursor in relation to the wrist movement to control for attentional biases; and sought to induce directional biases with both right and left unilateral movements. The results showed clear movement-related biases for the wrist that performed unilateral contractions, but no evidence that movement-related bias transferred to the opposite limb during bilateral action. Thus, motor preparation and execution of unilateral contractions does not affect the direction of movement made by the opposite limb during subsequent bilateral contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welber Marinovic
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Building 401, Bentley, 6102, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melinda Homan
- Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Timothy J Carroll
- Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Vindras P, Blangero A, Ota H, Reilly KT, Rossetti Y, Pisella L. The Pointing Errors in Optic Ataxia Reveal the Role of "Peripheral Magnification" of the PPC. Front Integr Neurosci 2016; 10:27. [PMID: 27507938 PMCID: PMC4960242 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2016.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction with visual objects in the environment requires an accurate correspondence between visual space and its internal representation within the brain. Many clinical conditions involve some impairment in visuo-motor control and the errors created by the lesion of a specific brain region are neither random nor uninformative. Modern approaches to studying the neuropsychology of action require powerful data-driven analyses and error modeling in order to understand the function of the lesioned areas. In the present paper we carried out mixed-effect analyses of the pointing errors of seven optic ataxia patients and seven control subjects. We found that a small parameter set is sufficient to explain the pointing errors produced by unilateral optic ataxia patients. In particular, the extremely stereotypical errors made when pointing toward the contralesional visual field can be fitted by mathematical models similar to those used to model central magnification in cortical or sub-cortical structure(s). Our interpretation is that visual areas that contain this footprint of central magnification guide pointing movements when the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is damaged and that the functional role of the PPC is to actively compensate for the under-representation of peripheral vision that accompanies central magnification. Optic ataxia misreaching reveals what would be hand movement accuracy and precision if the human motor system did not include elaborated corrective processes for reaching and grasping to non-foveated targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vindras
- ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292 and University Claude Bernard Lyon I Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Hisaaki Ota
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University Sapporo, Japan
| | - Karen T Reilly
- ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292 and University Claude Bernard Lyon I Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yves Rossetti
- ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292 and University Claude Bernard Lyon I Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laure Pisella
- ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292 and University Claude Bernard Lyon I Villeurbanne, France
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Kambara H, Shin D, Kawase T, Yoshimura N, Akahane K, Sato M, Koike Y. The effect of temporal perception on weight perception. Front Psychol 2013; 4:40. [PMID: 23450805 PMCID: PMC3584255 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful catch of a falling ball requires an accurate estimation of the timing for when the ball hits the hand. In a previous experiment in which participants performed ball-catching task in virtual reality environment, we accidentally found that the weight of a falling ball was perceived differently when the timing of ball load force to the hand was shifted from the timing expected from visual information. Although it is well known that spatial information of an object, such as size, can easily deceive our perception of its heaviness, the relationship between temporal information and perceived heaviness is still not clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of temporal factors on weight perception. We conducted ball-catching experiments in a virtual environment where the timing of load force exertion was shifted away from the visual contact timing (i.e., time when the ball hit the hand in the display). We found that the ball was perceived heavier when force was applied earlier than visual contact and lighter when force was applied after visual contact. We also conducted additional experiments in which participants were conditioned to one of two constant time offsets prior to testing weight perception. After performing ball-catching trials with 60 ms advanced or delayed load force exertion, participants’ subjective judgment on the simultaneity of visual contact and force exertion changed, reflecting a shift in perception of time offset. In addition, timing of catching motion initiation relative to visual contact changed, reflecting a shift in estimation of force timing. We also found that participants began to perceive the ball as lighter after conditioning to 60 ms advanced offset and heavier after the 60 ms delayed offset. These results suggest that perceived heaviness depends not on the actual time offset between force exertion and visual contact but on the subjectively perceived time offset between them and/or estimation error in force timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kambara
- Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama, Japan
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Schlesinger M, Porter J, Russell R. An external focus of attention enhances manual tracking of occluded and visible targets. Front Psychol 2013; 3:591. [PMID: 23346062 PMCID: PMC3548230 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the enhancement effects of an external focus of attention (FOA) in the context of a manual tracking task, in which participants tracked both visible and occluded targets. Three conditions were compared, which manipulated the distance of the FOA from the participant as well as the external/internal dimension. As expected, an external FOA resulted in lower tracking errors than an internal FOA. In addition, analyses of participants’ movement patterns revealed a systematic shift toward higher-frequency movements in the external FOA condition, consistent with the idea that an external FOA exploits the natural movement dynamics available during skilled action. Finally, target visibility did not influence the effect of focused attention on tracking performance, which provides evidence for the proposal that the mechanisms that underlie FOA do not depend directly on vision.
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