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Li W, Zu H, Liu J, Wu B. A Low-Profile Ultrawideband Antenna Based on Flexible Graphite Films for On-Body Wearable Applications. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14164526. [PMID: 34443049 PMCID: PMC8397992 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a low-profile ultrawideband antenna for on-body wearable applications. The proposed antenna is based on highly conductive flexible graphite films (FGF) and polyimide (PI) substrate, which exhibits good benefits such as flexibility, light weight and corrosion resistance compared with traditional materials. By introducing flaring ground and an arrow-shaped slot, better impedance matching is achieved. The wearable antenna achieves a bandwidth of 122% from 0.34 GHz to 1.4 GHz, with a reflection coefficient of less than −10 dB, while exhibiting an omnidirectional pattern in the horizontal plane. To validate the proposed design, the wearable antenna with a profile of ~0.1 mm was fabricated and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with simulated ones, which indicates a suitable candidate for on-body wearable devices.
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Abstract
Wearable sensing devices, which are smart electronic devices that can be worn on the body as implants or accessories, have attracted much research interest in recent years. They are rapidly advancing in terms of technology, functionality, size, and real-time applications along with the fast development of manufacturing technologies and sensor technologies. By covering some of the most important technologies and algorithms of wearable devices, this paper is intended to provide an overview of upper-limb wearable device research and to explore future research trends. The review of the state-of-the-art of upper-limb wearable technologies involving wearable design, sensor technologies, wearable computing algorithms and wearable applications is presented along with a summary of their advantages and disadvantages. Toward the end of this paper, we highlight areas of future research potential. It is our goal that this review will guide future researchers to develop better wearable sensing devices for upper limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Dong
- Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Fang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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Tseghai GB, Malengier B, Fante KA, Nigusse AB, Van Langenhove L. Development of a Flex and Stretchy Conductive Cotton Fabric Via Flat Screen Printing of PEDOT:PSS/PDMS Conductive Polymer Composite. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E1742. [PMID: 32245034 DOI: 10.3390/s20061742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have successfully produced a conductive and stretchable knitted cotton fabric by screen printing of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and poly(dimethylsiloxane-b-ethylene oxide)(PDMS-b-PEO) conductive polymer composite. It was observed that the mechanical and electrical properties highly depend on the proportion of the polymers, which opens a new window to produce PEDOT:PSS-based conductive fabric with distinctive properties for different application areas. The bending length analysis proved that the flexural rigidity was lower with higher PDMS-b-PEO to PEDOT:PSS ratio while tensile strength was increased. The SEM test showed that the smoothness of the fabric was better when PDMS-b-PEO is added compared to PEDOT:PSS alone. Fabrics with electrical resistance from 24.8 to 90.8 kΩ/sq have been obtained by varying the PDMS-b-PEO to PEDOT:PSS ratio. Moreover, the resistance increased with extension and washing. However, the change in surface resistance drops linearly at higher PDMS-b-PEO to PEDOT:PSS ratio. The conductive fabrics were used to construct textile-based strain, moisture and biopotential sensors depending upon their respective surface resistance.
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Xiang Z, Wan L, Gong Z, Zhou Z, Ma Z, OuYang X, He Z, Chan CC. Multifunctional Textile Platform for Fiber Optic Wearable Temperature-Monitoring Application. Micromachines (Basel) 2019; 10:mi10120866. [PMID: 31835484 PMCID: PMC6953031 DOI: 10.3390/mi10120866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Wearable sensing technologies have been developed rapidly in the last decades for physiological and biomechanical signal monitoring. Much attention has been paid to functions of wearable applications, but comfort parameters have been overlooked. This research presents a developed fabric temperature sensor by adopting fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors and processing via a textile platform. This FBG-based quasi-distributed sensing system demonstrated a sensitivity of 10.61 ± 0.08 pm/°C with high stability in various temperature environments. No obvious wavelength shift occurred under the curvatures varying from 0 to 50.48 m−1 and in different integration methods with textiles. The temperature distribution monitored by the developed textile sensor in a complex environment with multiple heat sources was deduced using MATLAB to present a real-time dynamic temperature distribution in the wearing environment. This novel fabric temperature sensor shows high sensitivity, stability, and usability with comfort textile properties that are of great potential in wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Z.X.); (Z.Z.); (Z.M.); (C.C.C.)
| | - Liuwei Wan
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Zidan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Z.X.); (Z.Z.); (Z.M.); (C.C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0755-2325-6330
| | - Zhuxin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Z.X.); (Z.Z.); (Z.M.); (C.C.C.)
| | - Zhengyi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Z.X.); (Z.Z.); (Z.M.); (C.C.C.)
| | - Xia OuYang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (X.O.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zijian He
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (X.O.); (Z.H.)
| | - Chi Chiu Chan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Z.X.); (Z.Z.); (Z.M.); (C.C.C.)
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Ko KY, Lee S, Park K, Kim Y, Woo WJ, Kim D, Song JG, Park J, Kim JH, Lee Z, Kim H. High-Performance Gas Sensor Using a Large-Area WS 2 xSe 2-2 x Alloy for Low-Power Operation Wearable Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:34163-34171. [PMID: 30222310 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted considerable attention as promising building blocks for a new generation of gas-sensing devices because of their excellent electrical properties, superior response, flexibility, and low-power consumption. Owing to their large surface-to-volume ratio, various 2D TMDCs, such as MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2, have exhibited excellent gas-sensing characteristics. However, exploration toward the enhancement of TMDC gas-sensing performance has not yet been intensively addressed. Here, we synthesized large-area uniform WS2 xSe2-2 x alloys for room-temperature gas sensors. As-synthesized WS2 xSe2-2 x alloys exhibit an elaborative composition control owing to their thermodynamically stable sulfurization process. Further, utilizing uniform WS2 xSe2-2 x alloys over a large area, we demonstrated improved NO2-sensing performance compared to WSe2 on the basis of an electronic sensitization mechanism. The WS0.96Se1.04 alloy gas sensor exhibits 2.4 times enhanced response for NO2 exposure. Further, we demonstrated a low-power wearable NO2-detecting wristband that operates at room temperature. Our results show that the proposed method is a promising strategy to improve 2D TMDC gas sensors and has a potential for applications in advanced gas-sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Yong Ko
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-Ro , Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-Ro , Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunam Park
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-Ro , Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjun Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-Ro , Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Whang Je Woo
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-Ro , Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-Ro , Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Gyu Song
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-Ro , Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jusang Park
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-Ro , Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulsan , 44919 Uljugun , Republic of Korea
| | - Zonghoon Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulsan , 44919 Uljugun , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-Ro , Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
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