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Shirai YT, Hoshi N, Ward JM, Liu H, Cachau RE, Lee MP, Kimura S. Establishment and Characterization of Amitrole-Induced Mouse Thyroid Adenomatous Nodule-Derived Cell Lines. Thyroid 2024; 34:496-509. [PMID: 38149583 PMCID: PMC10998706 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid cancer cell lines have been of great value for the study of thyroid cancer. However, the availability of benign thyroid adenoma cell lines is limited. Methods: Cell lines were established from thyroid adenomatous nodules that developed in mice treated with the goitrogen amitrole. Expression of epithelial, mesenchymal, and thyroid markers of these established cell lines was determined, and the effect of lentivirus-transduced overexpression of NKX2-1, a master regulator of thyroid development, on the thyroid marker expression was examined. Signal transduction and cell proliferation were evaluated after treatment with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and the selective IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) inhibitor NVP-ADW742. Xenograft studies were performed to examine tumorigenicity of the cells in mice. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to comprehensively determine the genetic mutations in the established two cell lines. Results: Five mouse thyroid adenomatous nodules-derived cell lines named CAT (cells from amitrole-treated thyroids) were established. Among these, two cell lines, CAT458/458s (CAT458s: a subline of CAT458) and CAT459, were found to be positive for epithelial markers and negative for a mesenchymal marker. NKX2-1-positive CAT459 cells showed higher messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of some thyroid differentiation markers than NKX2-1-negative CAT458s cells, and NKX2-1 overexpression increased and/or induced their expression. IGF-I signaling was transduced in thyrotropin receptor (Tshr)-negative CAT458s and 459 cells, and NVP-ADW742 suppressed their proliferation. No tumors developed in mice after subcutaneous injection of CAT458s or 459 cells. The WGS analysis revealed the presence of missense mutations in the tumor suppressor genes such as Polk (encoding DNA polymerase kappa) and Tgfb1 (encoding transforming growth factor beta 1), while no mutations were found in the prominent thyroid cancer-related genes Braf, Trp53 (encoding p53), and Tert (encoding telomerase reverse transcriptase). Conclusions: Two mouse thyroid adenomatous nodule-derived cell lines with different thyroid differentiation marker expression were established. NKX2-1 induced partial differentiation of these cell lines. They lacked tumorigenicity and prominent gene mutations involved in thyroid cancer development, while missense mutations were found in some tumor suppressors as revealed by WGS. The CAT458s and 459 provide a new tool to further clarify the process of thyroid multistep carcinogenesis and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Taro Shirai
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nobuo Hoshi
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jerrold M. Ward
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Huaitian Liu
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Raul E. Cachau
- Integrated Data Sciences Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maxwell P. Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Ciesielska A, Kowalczyk A, Paneth A, Stączek P. Evaluation of the antidermatophytic activity of potassium salts of N-acylhydrazinecarbodithioates and their aminotriazole-thione derivatives. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3521. [PMID: 38347115 PMCID: PMC10861498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, dermatophyte infections are relatively easy to cure, especially since the introduction of orally administered antifungals such as terbinafine and itraconazole. However, these drugs may cause side effects due to liver damage or their interactions with other therapeutics. Hence, the search for new effective chemotherapeutics showing antidermatophyte activity seems to be the urge of the moment. Potassium salts of N-acylhydrazinecarbodithioates are used commonly as precursors for the synthesis of biologically active compounds. Keeping that in mind, the activity of a series of five potassium N-acylhydrazinecarbodithioates (1a-e) and their aminotriazole-thione derivatives (2a-e) was evaluated against a set of pathogenic, keratinolytic fungi, such as Trichophyton ssp., Microsporum ssp. and Chrysosporium keratinophilum, but also against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. All tested compounds were found non-toxic for L-929 and HeLa cells, with the IC30 and IC50 values assessed in the MTT assay above 128 mg/L. The compound 5-amino-3-(naphtalene-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione (2d) was found active against all fungal strains tested. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed inhibition of mycelium development of Trichophyton rubrum cultivated on nail fragments and treated with 2d 24 h after infection with fungal spores. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observation of mycelium treated with 2d showed ultrastructural changes in the morphology of germinated spores. Finally, the RNA-seq analysis indicated that a broad spectrum of genes responded to stress induced by the 2d compound. In conclusion, the results confirm the potential of N-acylhydrazinecarbodithioate derivatives for future use as promising leads for new antidermatophyte agents development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ciesielska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Paneth
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Stączek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
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Yavari I, Taheri Z, Sheikhi S. A synthesis of functionalized 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles from nitrile imines and guanidine derivatives. Mol Divers 2024; 28:11-18. [PMID: 35842885 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A regioselective synthesis of trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles through reaction of nitrile imines with guanidine derivatives is described. These 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions proceeded smoothly in moderate to good yields and excellent regioselectivity under ambient conditions. This method provides fast access to a range of functionalized 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Yavari
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Taheri
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Sheikhi
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Mucha K, Pagacz-Kostrzewa M, Krupa J, Wierzejewska M. Structure and IR spectroscopic properties of complexes of 1,2,4-triazole and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole with dinitrogen isolated in solid argon. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 285:121901. [PMID: 36182831 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Complexes of 1,2,4-triazole (TR) and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT) with N2 were studied computationally employing MP2 and B3LYPD3 methods and experimentally by FTIR matrix isolation technique. The results show that both triazoles interact specifically with dinitrogen in several different ways. For the 1:1 complexes of 1,2,4-triazole five stable minima were located on the potential energy surface. The most stable of them comprises a weak hydrogen bond formed between the NH group of the ring and the lone pair of the nitrogen molecule. The second most stable structure is bound by the N⋯π bond formed between one of the N atoms of the N2 molecule and the triazole ring. Three other complexes are stabilized by the C-H⋯N and N⋯N van der Waals interactions. In the case of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, the two most stable dinitrogen complexes are analogous to those found for the 1,2,4-triazole and involve N-H⋯N and N⋯π bonds. In other structures amino or CH groups act as proton donors to the N2 molecule. The N⋯N van der Waals interactions are also present. The analysis of the infrared spectra of low temperature matrices containing TR or AT and dinitrogen indicates that in both systems mostly 1:1 hydrogen-bonded complexes with the NH group interacting with N2 are present in solid argon.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mucha
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Pagacz-Kostrzewa
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - J Krupa
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Wierzejewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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Manasa G, Bhakta AK, Bafna J, Mascarenhas RJ, Malode SJ, Shetti NP. An amperometric sensor composed of carbon hybrid-structure for the degradation of aminotriazole herbicide. Environ Res 2022; 212:113541. [PMID: 35640708 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of the herbicide aminotriazole (3-ATA) in agriculture poses rising concerns about global water-borne contamination. Due to its toxicity which is known to cause cancer and thyroid dysfunction, 3-ATA is considered an important analytical target. Environmental protection agencies worldwide have introduced several directives that set concentration limits for chemicals to combat water pollution. Hence, to evaluate the presence of 3-ATA in water and limit their impact on ecosystems and human health, the development of an efficient real-time monitoring device is the key. The as-synthesized copper oxide decorated multiwall carbon nanotubes at 400 °C (CuO-MWCNT@400) showed remarkable efficiency as modifiers. Under optimal conditions, we explored the direct oxidation of 3-ATA at CuO-MWCNT@400 modified carbon paste electrode (MCPE). With its distinguishing synergistic features like high levels of porosity, stability, and surface area, this structure favoured greater detection, selectivity, and sensitivity. The amperometric i-t curve technique was adopted for the first time for 3-ATA quantification. This technique rendered a good detection sensitivity of 1.65 × 10-8 mol L-1 and anti-interference characteristics for several interferent species, including fungicides, fertilizers, herbicides, inorganic ions, and carbohydrates. Finally, the proof-of-concept was yielded by selective and sensitive detection of 3-ATA from two different samples of spiked water. We believe this work will enhance awareness and garner appreciation of the electrochemical sensor's analytical performance in protecting our environment and water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manasa
- Electrochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Lalbagh Road, Bangalore, 560027, Karnataka, India
| | - Arvind K Bhakta
- Electrochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Lalbagh Road, Bangalore, 560027, Karnataka, India
| | - Jeevika Bafna
- Electrochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Lalbagh Road, Bangalore, 560027, Karnataka, India
| | - Ronald J Mascarenhas
- Electrochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Lalbagh Road, Bangalore, 560027, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shweta J Malode
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India.
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6
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Ai YF, Liu XD, Bai WB, Lin YC, Xie RR, Jian RK. From herbicide to flame retardant: The lamellar-like phosphorus-bridged amitrole toward high fire safety epoxy resin with light smoke and low toxicity. Chemosphere 2022; 291:132704. [PMID: 34715101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to alleviate the harmful impact of the flammability of epoxy resin on the environment, amitrole, a herbicide, has been converted to a novel flame retardant (PBA) with lamellar morphology through organophosphorus modification. This material has been utilized to fabricate fire safe epoxy thermosets (EP). EP containing 7.5 wt% PBA undergoes quick self-extinguishment upon ignition. This blend displays a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 34%. More importantly, hazardous products (heat, smoke, toxic gases including CO/CO2) released during combustion of EP, are strongly suppressed in the presence of PBA. The mechanical properties of EP-PBA blends are comparable to those of virgin EP. The tensile strength of EP containing PBA is 90% of that of unmodified EP. The flexural strength of PBA blends is somewhat greater than that for EP containing no additive. A tactful strategy for the transformation of amitrole, a potential environmental contaminant to a benign flame retardant for polymers has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Fang Ai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Xin-Duo Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Wei-Bin Bai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yu-Cai Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Rong-Rong Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
| | - Rong-Kun Jian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
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Frolova Y, Kaplaushenko A, Yurii S, Romanina D, Morozova L. Investigation of the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of some 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. Ceska Slov Farm 2022; 71:151-160. [PMID: 36208919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the results of the study of the antimicrobial and antifungal properties among 1,2,4-triazole derivatives synthesized at the Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry of the Zaporizhzhia State Medical University. Previous studies have established the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. Therefore, it was reasonable to investigate highly effective substances with antimicrobial and antifungal properties among synthesized compounds. In the first stage of our research, acute toxicity prediction was performed. The antimicrobial and antifungal properties were carried out by the method of “serial dilutions” on a liquid nutrient. Forty-seven compounds of the different classes were studied for these types of activities. According to our research, derivatives of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole showed better performance than 3-thio-1,2.4-triazoles for Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. 5-(1Н-tetrazole-1-іl)methyl-4Н- -1,2,4-triazole-3-yl-1-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methanimin (11.6) was showed the greatest antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Deeper research for compound 11.6 was done by diffusion in agar (method of “wells”). Studies have shown that molecule 11.6 showed antimicrobial and antifungal action to the studied test strains at a concentration of 2 μg/ml. Hence, this compound can be developed as a helpful therapeutic agent after establishing its safety pharmacology and toxicity.
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Wen D, Hua R, Dong Z, Xie K, Qi W, Zhao L. Efficient separation and recovery of Re(VII) from Re/U bearing acidic solutions using aminotriazole modified cellulose microsphere adsorbents. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:52225-52235. [PMID: 34002314 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14356-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, aminotriazole-modified microcrystalline cellulose microsphere (3-ATAR) containing an abundant nitrogen content as promising adsorbent was prepared via a radiation grafting method for the selective recovery ReO4- in the presence of UO22+ in acidic solution. A series of batch and column adsorption experiments including monocomponent and binary systems were designed for evaluating the adsorption and separation performance of Re(VII) onto 3-ATAR. The 3-ATAR exhibited a good adsorption capacity (max 146.4 mg·g-1) of Re(VII) and a rapid adsorption rate, with equilibrium time of 45 min. In binary solution, the high selectivity coefficients (βRe/M) indicated that 3-ATAR could separate and recover Re(VII) from U(VI) and other metal ions (Cu(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), Zn(II)). In particular, it was found that the adsorption of Re was almost unaffected in U/Re-bearing solutions no matter how much the U(VI) was changed. In the column experiment, when the concentration of U(VI) was 40 times higher than that of Re(VII), 3-ATAR manifested high Re(VII) selectivity over U(VI) from a synthetic uranium ore leachate. This work demonstrated that 3-ATAR could provide an efficient, selectively, sustainable, and industrially feasible way for Re(VII) to be recovered from uranium ore leachate and other prospective sources.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Rong Hua
- the State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kangjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Liu X, Xing S, Xu Y, Chen R, Lin C, Guo L. 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole-derived graphitic carbon nitride for photodynamic therapy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 250:119363. [PMID: 33422878 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been shown as a promising visible-light photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) application. Nevertheless, its therapeutic efficiency is limited by the low efficiency of visible-light utilization. To overcome this issue, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-derived graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N5 NSs) are prepared for PDT application. The addition of nitrogen-rich triazole group into the g-C3N4 motif significantly makes the light absorption of g-C3N5 NSs red-shift with the band gap down to 1.95 eV, corresponding to a absorption edge at a wavelength of 636 nm. g-C3N5 NSs generate superoxide anion radicals (O2•-) and singlet oxygen (1O2) under the irradiation of a low-intensity white light emitting diode. Owing to the high efficiency of visible-light utilization, g-C3N5 NSs show about 9.5 fold photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 NSs. In vitro anticancer studies based on the results of CCK-8 assay, Calcein-AM/PI cell-survival assay and photo-induced intracellular ROS level analysis in living HeLa cells demonstrate the potential of g-C3N5 NSs as a low-toxic and biocompatible high-efficient photosensitizer for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Shanshan Xing
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yuanteng Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China.
| | - Ruiqing Chen
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Chang Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Liangqia Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
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Khatiwada R, Abrell L, Li G, Root RA, Sierra-Alvarez R, Field JA, Chorover J. Adsorption and oxidation of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO) and its transformation product (3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-one, ATO) at ferrihydrite and birnessite surfaces. Environ Pollut 2018; 240:200-208. [PMID: 29738948 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The emerging insensitive munitions compound (IMC) 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO) is currently being used to replace conventional explosives such as 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX), but the environmental fate of this increasingly widespread IMC remains poorly understood. Upon release from unexploded solid phase ordinances, NTO exhibits high aqueous solubility and, hence, potential mobilization to groundwater. Adsorption and abiotic transformation at metal oxide surfaces are possible mechanisms for natural attenuation. Here, the reactions at ferrihydrite and birnessite surfaces of NTO and its biotransformation product, 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazol-5-one (ATO), were studied in stirred batch reactor systems at controlled pH (7.0). The study was carried out at metal oxide solid to solution ratios (SSR) of 0.15, 1.5 and 15 g kg-1. The samples were collected at various time intervals up to 3 h after reaction initiation, and analyzed using HPLC with photodiode array and mass spectrometric detection. We found no detectable adsorption or transformation of NTO upon reaction with birnessite, whereas ATO was highly susceptible to oxidation by the same mineral, showing nearly complete transformation within 5 min at 15 g kg-1 SSR to urea, CO2(g) and N2(g). The mean surface-area-normalized pseudo-first order rate constant (k) for ATO oxidation by birnessite across all SSRs was 0.05 ± 0.022 h-1 m-2, and oxidation kinetics were independent of dissolved O2 concentration. Both NTO and ATO were resistant to oxidation by ferrihydrite. However, NTO showed partial removal from solution upon reaction with ferrihydrite at 0.15 and 1.5 g kg-1 SSR and complete loss at 15 g kg-1 SSR due to strong adsorption. Conversely, ATO adsorption to ferrihydrite was much weaker than that measured for NTO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Khatiwada
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Leif Abrell
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Arizona Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Guangbin Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert A Root
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Reyes Sierra-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - James A Field
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jon Chorover
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Arizona Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Chen YC, Cadnapaphornchai MA, Yang J, Summer SN, Falk S, Li C, Wang W, Schrier RW. Nonosmotic release of vasopressin and renal aquaporins in impaired urinary dilution in hypothyroidism. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005; 289:F672-8. [PMID: 15914774 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00384.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine protein expression of renal aquaporins (AQP) and ion transporters in hypothyroid (HT) rats in response to an oral water load compared with controls (CTL) and HT rats replaced with l-thyroxine (HT+T). Hypothyroidism was induced by aminotriazole administration for 10 wk. Body weight, water intake, urine output, solute and urea excretion, and serum and urine osmolality were comparable among the three groups at the conclusion of the 10-wk treatment period. One hour after oral gavage of water (50 ml/kg body wt), HT rats demonstrated significantly less water excretion, higher minimal urinary osmolality, and decreased serum osmolality compared with CTL and HT+T rats. Despite the hyposmolality, plasma vasopressin concentration was elevated in HT rats. These findings in HT rats were associated with an increase in protein abundance of renal cortex AQP1 and inner medulla AQP2. AQP3, AQP4, and the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter were also increased. Moreover, 1 h following the oral water load, HT rats demonstrated a significant increase in the membrane-to-vesicle fraction of AQP2 by Western blot analysis. The defect in urinary dilution in HT rats was reversed by the V2vasopressin antagonist OPC-31260. In conclusion, impaired urinary dilution in HT rats is primarily compatible with the nonosmotic release of vasopressin and increased protein expression of renal AQP2. The impairment of maximal solute-free water excretion in HT rats, however, appears also to involve diminished distal fluid delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chang Chen
- Univ. of Colorado School of Medicine, 4200 E. Ninth Ave., Box C293, Denver, CO 80262, USA
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12
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Gechev TS, Minkov IN, Hille J. Hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death in Arabidopsis: transcriptional and mutant analysis reveals a role of an oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase gene in the cell death process. IUBMB Life 2005; 57:181-8. [PMID: 16036580 DOI: 10.1080/15216540500090793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is a major regulator of plant programmed cell death (PCD) but little is known about the downstream genes from the H(2)O(2)-signaling network that mediate the cell death. To address this question, a novel system for studying H(2)O(2)-induced programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana was used. The catalase inhibitor aminotriazole (AT) reduced the catalase activity and caused endogenous accumulation of hydrogen peroxide that eventually triggered cell death. Microarray analysis with a DNA chip representing 21500 genes and subsequent comparison with other PCD-related expression studies revealed a set of new H(2)O(2)-responsive genes that were highly regulated in a common fashion during different types of PCD. These included an oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase and various oxidoreductases, the transcription factors Zat11, WRKY75 and NAM, proteasomal components, a heterologous group of genes with diverse functions, and genes encoding proteins with unknown functions. Knockout lines of the oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase exhibited significantly reduced death symptoms and chlorophyll loss upon H(2)O(2)-induced cell death, indicating a role for this gene in the cell death network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsanko S Gechev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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13
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Abstract
We examined the effects of thyroid status on cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript and agouti-related peptide expression in the rat hypothalamus. Hypo- and hyperthyroidism were induced in adult male rats, and the mRNA content of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript and agouti-related peptide was determined using in situ hybridization. Hyperthyroidism induces a reduction in cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus, without any change in the arcuate and dorsomedial nuclei and in the lateral hypothalamic area. On the other hand, hypothyroidism had not effect on cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript expression in any of these nuclei. Agouti-related peptide expression in the arcuate nucleus was not affected by the thyroid status. These data indicate that the increments in food intake in hyperthyroidism could be mediated, at least in some extent, by a decreased expression, at the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, of the anorexigenic cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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Bakeeva LE, Skulachev VP, Sudarikova YV, Tsyplenkova VG. Mitochondria enter the nucleus (one further problem in chronic alcoholism). Biochemistry (Mosc) 2001; 66:1335-41. [PMID: 11812238 DOI: 10.1023/a:1013374410540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Electron microscopy of cardiomyocytes of patients with hypertrophic and alcoholic cardiomyopathies revealed the presence of nuclei with mitochondria accumulated in their core. This was associated with chromatin displacement towards the core of the nucleus. No large-scale intermixing of the nuclear content with the cytosol was found, although in some sections there were disruptions in the nuclear envelop continuity. The entrance of mitochondria into the nucleus was modeled in rats that were given ethanol and the catalase inhibitor aminotriazole for 12 weeks. It is suggested that the entrance of mitochondria into the nucleus promotes both the attack of mitochondria by nuclear proteins and the attack of nuclear DNA and proteins by proteins of the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Bakeeva
- Department of Bioenergetics, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119899 Russia
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15
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Abstract
Chronic administration of either the sulphonated amino acid taurine (0.32 or 0.62 g/kg for 2 weeks) or the catalase inhibitor, 3-amino, 1,2,4-triazole (AT: 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg for 5 days) significantly reduced catalase activities both in the brain and liver of male Wistar rats. The total brain activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase was significantly increased after the lower dose of taurine and after administration of both doses of AT. Hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity was not altered by either AT or taurine administration. In taurine-supplemented rats, a significant increase in the ethanol elimination rates (EER) was discernible in the livers after a 2 g/kg dose of ethanol. In contrast, significant decreases in the EER were observed in both plasmas and livers of rats in which catalase was inhibited by AT. However, the brain EERs were comparable in both catalase-inhibited and taurine-supplemented rats, both showing a decrease by comparison to controls. The similar psychopharmacological effects induced by both of these compounds on ethanol-induced effects might indicate that this is mediated in part via the catalase pathway. Since both catalase and the EERs are diminished in the brain after the administration of either of these compounds, this may be an important factor in the moderation of ethanol-induced behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Ward
- Biologie du Comportement, Université de Louvain, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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16
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Marinò M, Chiovato L, Mitsiades N, Latrofa F, Andrews D, Tseleni-Balafouta S, Collins AB, Pinchera A, McCluskey RT. Circulating thyroglobulin transcytosed by thyroid cells in complexed with secretory components of its endocytic receptor megalin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85:3458-67. [PMID: 10999849 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.85.9.6804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
After its endocytosis from the colloid, some thyroglobulin (Tg) is transcytosed intact across thyrocytes, accounting in part for its presence in the circulation. We previously showed that megalin (gp330), an endocytic Tg receptor, mediates apical to basolateral Tg transcytosis. Here we investigated whether a portion of megalin remains combined with Tg after its transcytosis, using studies with cultured thyroid cells and in vivo observations. FRTL-5 cells, a rat thyroid cell line, cultured on filters in dual chambers form tight junctions and exhibit features of polarity, with expression of megalin exclusively on the upper (apical) surface. After the addition of unlabeled Tg to the upper chamber and incubation at 37 C, some Tg was transcytosed intact across FRTL-5 cells into the lower chamber. Two antimegalin ectodomain antibodies precipitated transcytosed Tg in fluids collected from the lower chamber. After the addition of Tg to surface-biotinylated FRTL-5 cells, an anti-Tg antibody and the two antimegalin ectodomain antibodies precipitated high molecular mass biotinylated material in fluids collected from the lower chamber, corresponding to much of the megalin ectodomain, as well as smaller amounts of lower molecular mass material. The results indicate that Tg transcytosed across FRTL-5 cells remains complexed with megalin ectodomain components, which we refer to as megalin secretory components. In aminotriazole-treated rats, which develop increased megalin-mediated Tg transcytosis, antimegalin antibodies precipitated some of the Tg in the serum. Tg was also precipitated by antimegalin antibodies in sera from patients with Graves' disease, in which we found increased megalin expression on the apical surface of thyrocytes. In contrast, in thyroidectomized patients with metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma, in whom Tg is directly secreted by neoplastic thyroid cells into the circulation rather than transcytosed, serum Tg was not precipitated by antimegalin antibodies. The detection of Tg-megalin complexes may help identify the source of serum Tg in patients with thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marinò
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown 02129, USA.
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17
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De Lucas JR, Valenciano S, Domínguez AI, Turner G, Laborda F. Characterization of oleate-nonutilizing mutants of Aspergillus nidulans isolated by the 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole positive selection method. Arch Microbiol 1997; 168:504-12. [PMID: 9385142 DOI: 10.1007/s002030050528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Conidia of Aspergillus nidulans were mutagenized with ultraviolet light and were incubated on a special selective medium containing the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. From approximately 5 x 10(7) viable UV-irradiated conidia tested, 423 stable mutants resistant to 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole were recovered, of which 40 were unable to grow on minimal medium with oleic acid as the sole carbon source. These oleate-nonutilizing (Ole-) mutants did not grow on medium with carbon sources requiring functional peroxisomes (oleate, butyrate, acetate, or ethanol), but grew well on medium with carbon sources supposedly not requiring such organelles (glucose, glycerol, l-glutamate, or l-proline). The Ole- mutants carried mutations in one of five nuclear genes affecting acetate utilization: acuJ, acuH, acuE, acuL, and perA. The perA21 strain (DL21) carried a mutation in a gene that is not allelic with any of the known acu loci and displayed a phenotype resembling that described in the Pim- (peroxisome import defective) mutants of Hansenula polymorpha. Hyphae of the perA21 mutant contained a few small peroxisomes with the bulk of peroxisomal enzymes remaining in the 20,000 x g supernatant, but produced wild-type levels of penicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R De Lucas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Alenin VV, Getsova ML. [A simple method of selecting Saccharomyces cerevisiae ade1 and ade2 mutants]. Genetika 1997; 33:858-861. [PMID: 9289426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A simple technique of selection for spontaneous red mutants of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is proposed. It is based on incubation of yeast cells carrying a deletion in the GCN4 gene on a solid selective medium containing 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole (3AT). After incubation for three weeks at 30 degrees C, the 3 AT-resistant mutants ade2 and ade1 were easily visualized due to the pink or red colony color; they were then selected and analyzed by genetic and biochemical methods. The frequency of these colored mutants was approximately 10-9. The method proposed is shown to be suitable for selection and analysis of both spontaneous mutants ade2 and ade1 and those induced by various mutagens. The possible molecular mechanism of 3AT-resistance of red mutants is discussed. This mechanism involves GCN4-independent activation of expression of genes of purine and histidine metabolism. This activation results from purine starvation caused by arrest of purine biosynthesis the ade2 and ade2 mutations.
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19
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Abstract
Hypothyroidism is associated with abnormalities in renal water handling, which include a delay in excretion of an acute water load, decreased urinary concentrating ability, and increased urine volume. In the present study, we investigated the role of vasopressin in aminotriazole-induced hypothyroidism by measuring vasopressin concentration in the plasma and pituitary along with vasopressin mRNA levels in the hypothalamus. After 5 weeks of aminotriazole treatment, L-thyroxine levels were significantly lower in the experimental animals (122 +/- 8 v 26 +/- 1 nmol/L [9.5 +/- 0.6 v 2.0 +/- 0.1 micrograms/dL]; P less than 0.001). Serum sodium (148 +/- 0.5 v 144 +/- 1.2 mmol/L [mEq/L]; P less than 0.01), and plasma osmolality (311 +/- 2.5 v 304 +/- 1.8 mmol/kg [mOsm/kg] H2O; P less than 0.05) were also lower in the experimental animals. There were no differences in plasma (1.9 +/- 0.4 v 1.5 +/- 0.2 pg/mL) or pituitary (1.5 +/- 0.4 v 1.5 +/- 0.2 microgram/pituitary) vasopressin levels. In addition, steady-state vasopressin mRNA levels were not different between the two groups (1,286 +/- 210 v 1,093 +/- 138 pg/hypothalamus). One week of L-thyroxine replacement resulted in significant increases in serum thyroxine levels without changes in the other variables measured. These results indicate that short-term hypothyroidism, which has been shown to exert substantial effects on renal function, causes only a modest central alteration in the plasma vasopressin-osmolality relationship, which occurs in the absence of detectable changes in vasopressin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Howard
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262
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20
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Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) serves as a precursor for highly reactive oxygen intermediates. However, the respiratory function of myocytes is relatively resistant to exogenously administered H2O2. In this study, we examined whether or not the reduction of cellular defense increases the toxicity of H2O2. Rat heart myocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion. Respiratory rates of myocytes, suspended in a medium containing sucrose, 3-N-morpholino-propanesulfonic acid, EGTA and bovine serum albumin, were determined polarographically in the presence of pyruvate and malate with or without 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). Mitochondrial membrane potentials were measured by using [3H]triphenylmethylphosphonium+. Cellular defense was attenuated by i) inhibiting the catalase activity by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT), ii) reducing the glutathione concentration by diethyl maleate (DEM) or ethacrinic acid (EA), and iii) permeabilizing the sarcolemmal membrane by saponin. The dose-response relationship between H2O2 (0.1-5 mM) and mitochondrial membrane potential was not greatly affected by these experimental conditions. Myocyte respiration was inhibited by 5 mM H2O2, particularly that measured in the presence of DNP (48% of control). DEM treatment did not significantly affect the respiratory inhibition by H2O2, whereas the degree of inhibition was somewhat greater following EA or AT treatment. By contrast, the sensitivity of cellular respiration to H2O2 was potentiated approximately two orders of magnitude by the permeabilization of sarcolemmal membrane; thus, 100 microM H2O2 inhibited both DNP-stimulated and unstimulated respiration to 17% and 35% of control, respectively. The results indicate that factors existing in the sarcolemma and/or in the cytosol, which become ineffective and/or are diluted, respectively, following permeabilization with saponin, are important cellular defense mechanisms in alleviating the toxic effect of exogenous H2O2 on the respiration of mitochondria in situ in myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Konno
- Department of Physiology, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Ontario
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21
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Groch KM, Clifton KH. The plateau phase rat goiter contains a sub-population of TSH-responsive follicular cells capable of proliferation following transplantation. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1992; 126:85-96. [PMID: 1736552 DOI: 10.1530/acta.0.1260085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the rat, chronic TSH stimulation leads to self-limited thyroid hyperplasia, goitrogenesis, and TSH-responsive thyroid tumors. The current studies were aimed at clarifying the mechanism by which hormone-responsive, proliferating follicular cells arise in quiescent plateau phase rat goiters. Enzymatically monodispersed rat thyrocytes from early plateau phase and involuting goiters were analyzed for the capacity to form thyroid follicular units after transplantation into syngeneic recipients. Goiters induced with two different regimens contained substantial numbers of cells capable of proliferating into functioning thyroid follicular tissue after transplantation. The clonogenic fractions of cells from goiters induced by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole or KClO4/Remington low iodine diet were significantly lower than that of cells from control glands. Furthermore, the clonogenic fraction of cells from the KClO4 goiters was also found to be significantly less than that of cells from aminotriazole goiters despite similar TSH levels in the cell donors. The hormone responsiveness of the clonogenic goiter cells and the histological appearance and functional capacity of the thyroid tissue which arose after grafting were indistinguishable from controls. We conclude that the capacity to clonally proliferate into follicular units is a specific trait which characterizes a unique subset of follicular cells and speculate that the hormone-responsive tumors which typically appear in the chronically stimulated rat thyroid originate from cells within this subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Groch
- University of Wisconsin Clinical Cancer Center, Department of Human Oncology, Madison 53792
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Ohmori T, Ogata M. Methemoglobin formation by potassium ferrocyanide in the hemolysate of acatalasemic mice. Acta Med Okayama 1991; 45:209-15. [PMID: 1962528 DOI: 10.18926/amo/32166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increased methemoglobin (metHb) formation is harmful to the normal oxygen transport. There are some mechanisms to reduce metHb formation in the erythrocyte. In the present study, effect of catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) on metHb formation by potassium ferrocyanide was examined spectrophotometrically in the hemolysates of acatalasemic, homozygous hypocatalasemic and normal mice. MetHb formation in the hemolysate of acatalasemic mice was significantly higher than that of normal mice. The addition of catalase reduced the metHb level, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) had little effect on it. A negative intimate correlation was observed between the logarithm of catalase activity (PU/gHb) and the metHb level (%) in the hemolysate. 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT), a specific catalase inhibitor, significantly increased the formation of metHb. These results indicate that hydrogen peroxide is generated in the process of metHb formation by potassium ferrocyanide and that catalase inhibits the metHb formation by destroying the H2O2 produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ohmori
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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23
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Abstract
An electron-microscopic cytochemical method was used to localize diamine oxidase (DAO) in pea and polyamine oxidase (PAO) in maize (Zea mays L.). The method, based on the precipitation of amine-oxidase-generated H2O2 by CeCl3, was shown to be specific for DAO and PAO and permitted their localization in plant tissues with a high degree of resolution. Both enzymes are localized exclusively in the cell wall. Both DAO- and PAO-activity staining is most intense in the middle lamellar region of the wall and in cells exhibiting highly lignified walls. The oxidases could provide H2O2 for peroxidase-mediated cross-linking reactions in the cell wall and may, in this capacity, play a role in the regulation of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Slocum
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
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Abstract
It is now becoming increasingly clear that free radicals contribute to brain damage in several conditions, such as hyperoxia and trauma. It has been more difficult to prove that free radical production mediates ischemic brain damage, but it has often been suggested that it may be a major contributor to reperfusion damage, observed following transient ischemia. Recent results demonstrate that cerebral ischemia of long duration, particularly when followed by reperfusion, leads to enhanced production of partially reduced oxygen species, notably hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). It has also been suggested that postischemic hyperoxia, e.g. an increased oxygen tension during the recirculation period, adversely affects recovery following transient ischemia. Other data support the notion that brain damage caused by permanent ischemia (stroke) is significantly influenced by production of free radicals. The present study, however, fails to show that recirculation following brief periods of ischemia (15 min) leads to an enhanced H2O2 production, and that hyperoxia aggravates the ischemic damage. This study was undertaken to reveal whether variations in oxygen supply in the postischemic period following forebrain ischemia in rats affect free radical production and the brain damage incurred. To that end, rats ventilated on N2O/O2 (70:30) were subjected to 15 min of transient ischemia. Normoxic animals were ventilated with the N2O/O2 mixture, hyperoxic animals with 100% O2, and hypoxic ones with about 10% O2 (balance either N2O/N2 or N2) during the recirculation. At the end of this period, the animals were decapitated for assessment of H2O2 production with the aminotriazole/catalase method. This method is based on the notion that aminotriazole interacts with H2O2 to inactivate catalase; thus, the rate of inactivation of catalase in aminotriazole treated animals reflects H2O2 production. In a parallel series, animals ventilated with one of the three gas mixtures in the early recirculation period, respectively, were allowed to recover for 7 days, with subsequent perfusion-fixation of brain tissues and light microscopical evaluation of the brain damage. Animals given aminotriazole, whether rendered ischemic or not, showed a reduced tissue catalase activity, reflecting H2O2 production in the brain. Hyperoxic animals failed to show increased tissue H2O2 production, while hypoxic ones showed a tendency towards decreased production. However, all three groups (hypo, normo- and hyperoxic) had similar density and distribution of neuronal damage. These results suggest that although postischemic oxygen tensions may determine the rates of H2O2 production, variations in oxygen tensions do not influence the final brain damage incurred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Agardh
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, University of Lund, Sweden
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25
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van Dort JB, Ketelaars GA, Daems WT, de Bruijn WC. Ultrastructural electron probe X-ray microanalytical reaction product identification of three different enzymes in the same mouse resident peritoneal macrophage. Histochemistry 1989; 92:243-53. [PMID: 2777642 DOI: 10.1007/bf00500925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous cytochemical enzyme localization procedures for peroxidase (PO) plus acid phosphatase (AcP-ase) and/or aryl sulphatase (AS) have been investigated at the ultrastructural (EM) level. Electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) will identify and differentiate the reaction products. Dual reaction product localization of PO plus AcP-ase or alternatively PO plus AS have been obtained in the same mouse resident peritoneal macrophage. This has been acquired by first performing a PO-reaction followed by AcP-ase or followed by AS. In both cases PO-related reaction products (PODAB/Os or PODAB/Pt) were localized in nuclear envelope (NE) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Cells were identified by this reaction product as resident macrophages. Reaction products from the AcP-ase related cerium (AcP-aseCe), localized in lysosomes have been identified and differentiated from the PO-related osmium containing products. Similarly AS related barium (ASBa), localized in lysosomal structures and (R)ER was identified and differentiated. Triple reaction product localization of PO followed by AcP-ase plus AS could also be obtained. In this case, PO-related platinum containing reaction products (PODAB/Pt or PODAB/Os) in NE and RER has been identified and differentiated from the AcP-ase related lysosomal cerium (AcP-aseCe) and the AS related barium localized in lysosomal and (R)ER structures. Reversing the sequences in both dual cytochemical procedures: AcP-aseCe or ASBa followed by PODAB/Os (or PODAB/Pt) resulted in AcP-aseCe or ASBa activity related reaction products only. Reversing the sequence in the triple reaction procedures (ASBa followed by AcP-aseCe) resulted in the absence of the barium containing reaction products. By application of OsO4 postfixation with aminotriazole (ATR) additives the detrimental effects upon the various precipitates have been confirmed. In LM studies, using rat intestine and non-metal identification reactions for two of the enzymes (pararosaniline for AcP-ase, DAB for peroxidase), the influences of the metal ions used in EM were tested on the appearance of the coloured reaction products. Cerium ions used in EM for detection of AcP-aseCe activity have been shown to influence the PODAB visibility in LM and EM experiments. From the AS reaction media components neither barium ions nor p-nitro catachol sulphate influenced the LM visibility of the PO reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B van Dort
- Department of Histology and Electronmicroscopy, Hogeschool West-Brabant, Sector Laboratorium Onderwijs, Etten-Leur, The Netherlands
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Brown JM, Terada LS, Grosso MA, Whitman GJ, Velasco SE, Patt A, Harken AH, Repine JE. Hydrogen peroxide mediates reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heart. Mol Cell Biochem 1988; 84:173-5. [PMID: 3148110 DOI: 10.1007/bf00421052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In an isolated, normothermic rat heart model (Langendorff, 37 degrees C), dimethylthiourea (DMTU) infusion only during reperfusion reduced both injury and measurable hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations after global ischemia. Cardiac function was assessed by measurement of ventricular developed pressure (DP). H2O2 was assessed using H2O2 dependent aminotriazole inactivation of myocardial catalase. Depletion of xanthine oxidase by two methods (tungsten or allopurinol inhibition) also improved recovery of function and H2O2 production. The results indicate that XO derived H2O2 contributes to myocardial reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Brown
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver
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27
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Garg LC, Tisher CC. Effects of thyroid hormone on Na-K-adenosine triphosphatase activity along the rat nephron. J Lab Clin Med 1985; 106:568-72. [PMID: 2997354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Na-K-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity was determined in individual nephron segments obtained from the kidneys of euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. One group of animals was made hypothyroid by feeding 0.05% aminotriazole (ATZ) in the diet for 2 weeks. A second group received the same amount of ATZ plus 500 micrograms/kg body weight of L-thyroxine (T4) given subcutaneously each day for 2 weeks. A third group received the same diet without ATZ or T4. There was a 57% (P less than 0.01) decrease in Na-K-ATPase activity in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) in ATZ-treated rats that was corrected by the simultaneous administration of T4 with ATZ. A smaller (15% to 25%) and statistically nonsignificant decrease in Na-K-ATPase activity was observed in the cortical portion of the proximal straight tubule and in both the cortical and the medullary portions of the thick ascending limb in ATZ-treated rats. These changes in the enzyme activity were also corrected by simultaneous administration of T4 with ATZ. The results suggest that under the conditions of these experiments the PCT is a major site of action of thyroid hormone in the rat kidney.
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Abstract
Tissue oxygen pressure (ptO2) was measured with noble metal microelectrodes in hippocampal slices in vitro. During hypoxia, the ptO2 at 100 micron depth fell rapidly to less than 20 mm Hg. During reoxygenation, large transient ptO2 increases above normoxic values were observed. These data demonstrate that ptO2 'overshoots' occur independently of in situ posthypoxic hyperemia and may reflect pathologic chemical reactions in brain tissue during reoxygenation.
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de Bruijn WC, Memelink AA, Riemersma JC. Cellular membrane contrast and contrast differentiation with osmium triazole and tetrazole complexes. Histochem J 1984; 16:37-50. [PMID: 6200460 DOI: 10.1007/bf01003434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Addition of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds to the classical osmium tetroxide postfixation medium, applied after glutaraldehyde fixation, results in enhanced membrane contrast in ultrathin sections of liver tissue. The addition of similar compounds to potassium osmate solutions, results in contrast differences in some cellular membranes. The membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the nuclear envelope and the plasma membrane acquire contrast, while the mitochondrial membranes do not. The apolar regions of membranes are contrasted when osmium tetroxide is combined with heterocyclic nitrogen compounds, whereas the polar regions are contrasted by combinations of potassium osmate with these compounds. This polar membrane contrast is probably due to the presence of an amino-group in the heterocyclic nitrogen compounds. Compounds without the amino-group do not contrast membranes, although the glycogen is contrasted. X-ray microanalysis served to establish the relative osmium content in contrasted glycogen, and showed that such nitrogen compounds play a role in complexation of cations in aldehyde-fixed tissues. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) measurements of isolated muscle glycogen show that after treatment with various osmium tetroxide or potassium osmate solutions, hexavalent and quadrivalent osmium species are present in the glycogen. The presence of (heterocyclic) nitrogen compounds in such solutions stabilizes certain osmium valency species, and this may account for the contrast observed.
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Hiasa Y, Ohshima M, Kitahori Y, Yuasa T, Fujita T, Iwata C. Promoting effects of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole on the development of thyroid tumors in rats treated with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine. Carcinogenesis 1982; 3:381-4. [PMID: 7094204 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/3.4.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT) promoted the development of thyroid tumors in rats treated with a subeffective dose of N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN) for thyroid tumorigenesis. The incidences of thyroid tumors at the end of the 20-week experiment were 91% in rats injected s.c. once a week for four weeks with 70 mg DHPN per 100 g body weight and then given diet containing 2000 p.p.m. AT for 12 weeks, 100% in rats injected s.c. once a week for eight weeks with 70 mg DHPN per 100 g body weight and then given diet containing 2000 p.p.m. AT for 12 weeks, and 58% in rats injected s.c. once a week for 8 weeks with 70 mg DHPN per 100 g body weight. Rats only injected s.c. once a week for four weeks with DHPN or only given diet containing AT for 12 weeks had no thyroid tumors at the end of the experiment.
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Abstract
We studied the distribution of endogenous peroxidase in the spleen of swine by modifications of the Graham and Karnovsky diaminobenzidine procedure. There is a peroxidatic activity in the majority of the ellipsoid cells (cells of the sheathed capillaries of Schweigger-Seidel), which is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and the perinuclear cisterna. This staining is inhibited completely by aminotriazole and is rapidly destroyed even by low concentratoins of glutaraldehyde. Furthermore, the reaction is abolished after boiling of tissue sections or in the absence of H2O2. The macrophages of the red pulp and a minority of the ellipsoid cells are peroxidase negative. Our results are discussed in respect to some recent studies on the system of mononuclear phagocytes. It is suggested, that the enzyme active ellipsoid cells represent a special form of macrophages, enzyme histochemically related to Kupffer cells and resident peritoneal macrophages. The enzyme negative cells of the ellipsoids are probably fibroblasts.
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Williams-Smith DL, Patel K. Induced changes in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of mammalian catalases. Biochim Biophys Acta 1975; 405:243-52. [PMID: 170980 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(75)90091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The EPR spectra of bovine liver catalase, rat liver catalase and human erythrocyte catalase have been measured at 9.0 degrees K. In N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulphonic acid (HEPES) and Tris buffers at pH 7.0, the liver catalases show EPR spectra typical of rhombically distorted high spin ferric heme with major lines at g = 6.50, 5.35, 1.98. A number of extra lines are also seen; these are weak or absent in human erythrocyte catalase. The effect of the addition of formate, nitrite, acetate, fluoride, azide, hypophosphite and of inactivation with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole on the degree of rhombic distortion has been studied. There is a good correlation between the low temperature EPR and room temperature optical changes for the binding of formic acid in HEPES and Tris. There is no evidence from EPR spectra for the presence of heme-heme interactions in the binding of formic acid to human erythrocyte catalase. The properties of catalase are altered in phosphate and in distilled water. This is a consequence of the low temperature of measurement.
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Carsiotis M, Jones RF, Wesseling AC. Cross-pathway regulation: histidine-mediated control of histidine, tryptophan, and arginine biosynthetic enzymes in Neurospora crassa. J Bacteriol 1974; 119:893-98. [PMID: 4368540 PMCID: PMC245696 DOI: 10.1128/jb.119.3.893-898.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In Neurospora crassa, histidine starvation of histidine mutants resulted in derepression of histidine, tryptophan, and arginine biosynthetic enzymes. The same tripartite derepression occurred in wild-type strain 74A when it was grown in medium supplemented with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, an inhibitor of histidine biosynthesis. Histidine-mediated derepression of tryptophan and arginine biosynthetic enzymes was not due to a lowered intracellular concentration of tryptophan or arginine, respectively. A discussion of possible mechanisms and of similar studies in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms is presented.
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CASTELFRANCO P, BISALPUTRA T. INHIBITORY EFFECT OF AMITROLE ON SCENEDESMUS QUADRICAUDA. Am J Bot 1965; 52:222-227. [PMID: 14285138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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WILLIAMS AK, COX ST, EAGON RG. Conversion of 3-amino-1, 2,4-triazole into 3-amino-1, 2,4-triazolyl alanine and its incorporation into protein by Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1965; 18:250-4. [PMID: 14282025 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(65)90748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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FEINSTEIN RN, SEAHOLM JE, BALLONOFF LB. EFFECT OF COMPOUNDS RELATED TO AMINOTRIAZOLE ON CATALASE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO. Enzymologia 1964; 27:30-40. [PMID: 14185860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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39
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TYSAROWSKI W, MARUCHIN JE. [RESPIRATION OF YEAST FOAM IN THE PRESENCE OF LARGACTIL, ATABRINE AND 3-AMINO-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE]. Acta Pol Pharm 1964; 21:401-7. [PMID: 14318459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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FEINSTEIN RN, SEAHOLM JE, BALLONOFF LB. EFFECT ON CATALASE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO OF COMPOUNDS RELATED TO AMINOTRIAZOLE. ANL-6823. ANL Rep 1964:91-8. [PMID: 14151662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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SUGIURA K. [REPORT ON THE EFFECTS OF 3-AMINO-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE ON THE ACTIVITY OF HEPATIC CATALASE, AND HEPATIC CELLS IN MICE]. Showa Igakkai Zasshi 1963; 23:415-22. [PMID: 14149973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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KLOPOTOWSKI T, HULANICKA D. Imidazoleglycerol accumulation by yeast resulting from the inhibition of histidine biosynthesis by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. Acta Biochim Pol 1963; 10:209-18. [PMID: 14033605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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MARGOLIASH E, SCHEJTER A. Kinetics of the irreversible inhibition of catalase by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and catalase-hydrogen peroxide complex I hydrogen donors. J Biol Chem 1962; 237:2359-63. [PMID: 14469770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
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HOZUMI M, SUGIMURA T. Studies on the mechanism of catalase depression by toxohormone, with the aid of allylisopropylacetamide, allylisopropylacetylcarbamide, and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. Gan 1962; 53:183-93. [PMID: 14449451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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NAPALKOV NP. [Blastomogenic action of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole]. Gig Tr Prof Zabol 1962; 6:48-51. [PMID: 14478342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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TEPHLY TR, MANNERING GJ, PARKS RE. Studies on the mechanism of inhibition of liver and erythrocyte catalase activity by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT). J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1961; 134:77-82. [PMID: 13920268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
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TEPHLY TR, PARKS RE, MANNERING GJ. Effects of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT) and sodium tungstate on the peroxidative metabolism of methanol. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1961; 131:147-51. [PMID: 13775931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
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