Comprehensive surgical radiation oncology

Surgical radiation oncology uses surgical procedures to deliver or assist in the delivery of radiation to a tumor or tumor bed after resection. Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) bypasses radiosensitive skin and superficial structures and allows radiation to be delivered directly to the surgically exposed tumor. Removable brachytherapy places radioactive material inside or close to a tumor through hollow catheters positioned inside the tumor. Permanent brachytherapy inserts encapsulated radioactive seeds through needles attached to a mechanical gun directly into the tumor during surgery. This article discusses radiation precautions associated with each type of therapy and describes the nursing care needed by patients undergoing liver transplant radiation therapy.