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Park DJ, Kang JB, Koh PO. Epigallocatechin gallate improves neuronal damage in animal model of ischemic stroke and glutamate-exposed neurons via modulation of hippocalcin expression. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299042. [PMID: 38427657 PMCID: PMC10906901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenolic component of green tea that has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in neurons. Ischemic stroke is a major neurological disease that causes irreversible brain disorders. It increases the intracellular calcium concentration and induces apoptosis. The regulation of intracellular calcium concentration is important to maintain the function of the nervous system. Hippocalcin is a neuronal calcium sensor protein that controls intracellular calcium concentration. We investigated whether EGCG treatment regulates the expression of hippocalcin in stroke animal model and glutamate-induced neuronal damage. We performed middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to induce cerebral ischemia. EGCG (50 mg/kg) or phosphate buffered saline was injected into the abdominal cavity just before MCAO surgery. The neurobehavioral tests were performed 24 h after MCAO surgery and cerebral cortex tissue was collected. MCAO damage induced severe neurobehavioral disorders, increased infarct volume, and decreased the expression of hippocalcin in the cerebral cortex. However, EGCG treatment improved these deficits and alleviated the decrease in hippocalcin expression in cerebral cortex. In addition, EGCG dose-dependently alleviated neuronal cell death and intracellular calcium overload in glutamate-exposed neurons. Glutamate exposure reduced hippocalcin expression, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and increased Bax expression. However, EGCG treatment mitigated these changes caused by glutamate toxicity. EGCG also attenuated the increase in caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 expressions caused by glutamate exposure. The effect of EGCG was more pronounced in non-transfected cells than in hippocalcin siRNA-transfected cells. These findings demonstrate that EGCG protects neurons against glutamate toxicity through the regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins and caspase-3. It is known that hippocalcin exerts anti-apoptotic effect through the modulation of apoptotic pathway. Thus, we can suggest evidence that EGCG has a neuroprotective effect by regulating hippocalcin expression in ischemic brain damage and glutamate-exposed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ju Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Ju-Bin Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Phil-Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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Kang MJ, Park SY, Han JS. MicroRNA-24-3p regulates neuronal differentiation by controlling hippocalcin expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4569-4580. [PMID: 31486848 PMCID: PMC6841749 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hippocalcin (HPCA) is a neuron-specific calcium-binding protein predominantly expressed in the nervous system. In the present study, we demonstrate that HPCA regulates neuronal differentiation in SH-SY5Y cells. We observed that the expression level of HPCA was increased during neuronal differentiation. Depletion of HPCA inhibited both neurite outgrowth and synaptophysin (SYP) expression, whereas overexpression of HPCA enhanced neuronal differentiation. Interestingly, we also found that the expression of HPCA mRNA was modulated by miR-24-3p. Using a dual-luciferase assay, we showed that co-transfection of a plasmid containing the miR-24-3p binding site from the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of the HPCA gene and an miR-24-3p mimic effectively reduced luminescence activity. This effect was abolished when miR-24-3p seed sequences in the 3'UTR of the HPCA gene were mutated. miR-24-3p expression was decreased during differentiation, suggesting that the decreased expression level of miR-24-3p might have upregulated mRNA expression of HPCA. As expected, upregulation of miR-24-3p by an miRNA mimic led to reduced HPCA expression, accompanied by diminished neuronal differentiation. In contrast, downregulation of miR-24-3p by an antisense inhibitor promoted neurite outgrowth as well as levels of SYP expression. Taken together, these results suggest that miR-24-3p is an important miRNA that regulates neuronal differentiation by controlling HPCA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joong-Soo Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Liang X, Martyniuk CJ, Zha J, Wang Z. Brain quantitative proteomic responses reveal new insight of benzotriazole neurotoxicity in female Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). Aquat Toxicol 2016; 181:67-75. [PMID: 27816759 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole (BT) is a high-production volume chemical which has been ubiquitously detected in aquatic environments. Although adverse effects from acute and chronic exposure to BT have been reported, the neurotoxic effect of BT and the mechanisms of toxicity are not well documented. In this study, adult female Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) were exposed to 0.05, 0.5, and 5mg/L BT for 28days. The brain proteome showed that BT exposure mainly involved in metabolic process, signal transduction, stress response, cytoskeleton, and transport. Pathway analysis revealed that cellular processes affected by BT included cellular respiration, G-protein signal cascades, Ca2+-dependent signaling, cell cycle and apoptosis. Moreover, data on relative mRNA levels demonstrated that genes related to these toxic pathways were also significantly affected by BT. Furthermore, proteins affected by BT such as CKBB, GS, HPCA, VDAC1, and FLOT1A are associated with neurological disorders. Therefore, our finding suggested that BT induced molecular responses in the brain and could provide new insight into BT neurotoxicity in Chinese rare minnow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Zijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Krishnan A, Viviano J, Morozov Y, Venkataraman V. Single-column purification of the tag-free, recombinant form of the neuronal calcium sensor protein, hippocalcin expressed in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 123:35-41. [PMID: 27001424 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hippocalcin is a 193 aa protein that is a member of the neuronal calcium sensor protein family, whose functions are regulated by calcium. Mice that lack the function of this protein are compromised in the long term potentiation aspect of memory generation. Recently, mutations in the gene have been linked with dystonia in human. The protein has no intrinsic enzyme activity but is known to bind to variety of target proteins. Very little information is available on how the protein executes its critical role in signaling pathways, except that it is regulated by binding of calcium. Further delineation of its function requires large amounts of pure protein. In this report, we present a single-step purification procedure that yields high quantities of the bacterially expressed, recombinant protein. The procedure may be adapted to purify the protein from inclusion bodies or cytosol in its myristoylated or non-myristoylated forms. MALDI-MS (in source decay) analyses demonstrates that the myristoylation occurs at the glycine residue. The protein is also biologically active as measured through tryptophan fluorescence, mobility shift and guanylate cyclase activity assays. Thus, further analyses of hippocalcin, both structural and functional, need no longer be limited by protein availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Krishnan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Jeffrey Viviano
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Yaroslav Morozov
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Venkat Venkataraman
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA; School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
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Abstract
Melatonin has anti-oxidant activity and it exerts a neuroprotective effects during ischemic brain injury. Calcium-buffering proteins including parvalbumin and hippocalcin are involved in neuronal differentiation and maturation through calcium signaling. This study investigated whether melatonin moderates parvalbumin and hippocalcin expression in cerebral ischemia and glutamate toxicity-induced neuronal cell death. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with vehicle or melatonin (5 mg/kg) prior to MCAO, and cerebral cortical tissues were collected 24 hr after MCAO. Parvalbumin and hippocalcin levels were decreased in vehicle-treated animal with MCAO, whereas melatonin prevented the ischemic injury-induced reduction in these proteins. In cultured hippocampal cells, glutamate toxicity decreased parvalbumin and hippocalcin levels, while melatonin treatment prevented the glutamate exposure-induced diminished in these proteins levels. Melatonin also attenuated the glutamate toxicity-induced increase in intracellular Ca(2+) levels. These results suggest that the maintenance of parvalbumin and hippocalcin levels by melatonin in ischemic injury contributes to the neuroprotective effect of melatonin against neuronal cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil-Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea.
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Masuo Y, Ogura A, Kobayashi M, Masaki T, Furuta Y, Ono T, Takamatsu K. Hippocalcin protects hippocampal neurons against excitotoxin damage by enhancing calcium extrusion. Neuroscience 2006; 145:495-504. [PMID: 17257765 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hippocalcin, which is a member of the neuronal calcium-sensor protein family, is highly expressed in hippocampal pyramidal cells. Recently, it was demonstrated that hippocalcin deficit caused an increase in neuronal cell death in the field CA3 of Ammon's horn (CA3) region of the hippocampus following the systemic injection of kainic acid. Treatment with kainic acid results in seizure-induced cell death in CA3. In the present study, we injected quinolinic acid, which is an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor agonist, into the hippocampal field CA1 of Ammon's horn (CA1) region in hippocalcin-knockout (-/-) mice, a procedure which mimics transient ischemia. Although significant pyknotic changes were observed at the injected site in wild-type (+/+) mice 24 h after injection, the area of pyknotic cells extended throughout the hippocampus in -/- mice. The quantification of cell numbers in Nissl-stained sections indicated that the cell damage in -/- mice was more severe than that in +/+ mice. The density of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick-end labeling-positive cells roughly paralleled that of Nissl-stained pyknotic cells. Primary cultures of hippocampal neurons showed that the number of surviving neurons from -/- mice after 7 days in culture was smaller than the number from +/+ mice. The measurement of intracellular calcium concentrations in single cells revealed that the calcium extrusion from -/- neurons was slower than that from +/+ neurons. The involvement of hippocalcin in the upkeep of calcium extrusion was confirmed using hippocalcin-expressing COS7 cells. These results suggest that hippocalcin plays an important role in calcium extrusion from neurons and, in turn, helps to protect them against calcium-dependent excitotoxin damage in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Masuo
- Department of Physiology, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Ohmori-nishi, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
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O'Callaghan D, Haynes L, Burgoyne R. High-affinity interaction of the N-terminal myristoylation motif of the neuronal calcium sensor protein hippocalcin with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Biochem J 2005; 391:231-8. [PMID: 16053445 PMCID: PMC1276920 DOI: 10.1042/bj20051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Revised: 07/29/2005] [Accepted: 07/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins are associated with intracellular membranes due to their N-terminal myristoylation. Not all myristoylated proteins have the same localization within cells, indicating that other factors must determine their membrane targeting. The NCS (neuronal calcium sensor) proteins are a family of Ca2+-binding proteins with diverse functions. Most members of the family are N-terminally myristoylated and are either constitutively membrane-bound or have a Ca2+/myristoyl switch that allows their reversible membrane association in response to Ca2+ signals. In the case of hippocalcin and NCS-1, or alternatively KChIP1 (K+ channel-interacting protein 1), their N-terminal myristoylation motifs are sufficient for targeting to distinct organelles. We have shown that an N-terminal myristoylated hippocalcin peptide is able to specifically reproduce the membrane targeting of hippocalcin/NCS-1 when introduced into permeabilized cells. The peptide binds to liposomes containing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] with high affinity (K(d) 50 nM). Full-length hippocalcin also bound preferentially to liposomes supplemented with PtdIns(4,5)P2. Co-expression of hippocalcin-(1-14)-ECFP (enhanced cyan fluorescent protein) or NCS-1-ECFP partially displaced the expressed PH (pleckstrin homology) domain of phospholipase delta1 from the plasma membrane in live cells, indicating that they have a higher affinity for PtdIns(4,5)P2 than does this PH domain. The Golgi localization of the PH domain of FAPP1 (four-phosphate-adaptor protein 1), which binds to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, was unaffected. The localization of NCS-1 and hippocalcin is likely to be determined, therefore, by their interaction with PtdIns(4,5)P2.
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Key Words
- golgi complex
- hippocalcin
- lipid-binding
- calcium-binding proteins
- neuronal calcium sensor-1 (ncs-1)
- phosphoinositide
- ces liposomes, liposomes consisting of a mixture of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine
- ecfp/egfp/eyfp, enhanced cyan/green/yellow fluorescent protein
- fapp1, four-phosphate-adaptor protein 1
- gfp, green fluorescent protein
- kchip1, k+ channel-interacting protein 1
- marcks, myristoylated alanine-rich c-kinase substrate
- myr-hip-(2–14), biotinylated, myristoylated hippocalcin-(2–14) peptide
- ncs, neuronal calcium sensor
- ph, pleckstrin homology
- plc, phospholipase c
- vilip, visinin-like protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Dermott W. O'Callaghan
- The Physiological Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Lee P. Haynes
- The Physiological Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Robert D. Burgoyne
- The Physiological Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
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