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Gould S, Roy IR, Gabriel FD, Lowe R, Lin CY. Equestrian Sports Safety: An Update on Safety Equipment and Event Medical Coverage. Curr Sports Med Rep 2025; 24:11-17. [PMID: 39749953 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000001222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Equestrian sports are associated with high rates of major injury compared to collision and powered two-wheel sports. Advancements in rider and horse safety equipment and the implementation of comprehensive emergency action planning standards may help mitigate injuries, particularly in regard to the Olympic disciplines of dressage, show jumping, and three-day eventing covered in this review. Personal safety equipment to consider includes helmets, safety and air vests, and horse tack including safety stirrups, acoustic dampeners, and breakaway reins. Equestrian event medical coverage requires emergency action planning, partnership with local emergency medical services, and cooperation of interprofessional teams. Safety coordinators and medical providers may be tasked with providing first aid to spectators in addition to stabilizing and triaging crush trauma, traumatic brain injuries or spinal injuries, or fractures in competitors. Stationary and mobile medical units, proper medical equipment, acute spine stabilization protocols, and communication systems are critical components of equestrian medical coverage.
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Bagheri A, Shirzadi Z, Shokohian AA, Bondori A, Damalas CA. Occupational Exposure to Pesticides, Personal Protection, and Willingness to Reduce Chemical Sprayings Among Iranian Greenhouse Farmers. J Agromedicine 2025; 30:14-26. [PMID: 39377778 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2024.2413086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The level of greenhouse farmers' personal protection in pesticide use and the possibility of environmental protection through farmers' willingness to reduce chemical sprayings were assessed in Khuzestan Province, Iran. METHODS A survey of 80 active greenhouse vegetable growers was carried out in 2021 with face-to-face interviews. Willingness to reduce chemical sprayings was examined with the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model. RESULTS Several intoxication symptoms were reported, with the most common symptom of pesticide intoxication being dizziness. Farmers showed unsafe or rather unsafe use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during pesticide handling. The maximum use of PPE pertained to the use of mask, spray clothing, and long-sleeved shirts. On a scale from 1 (= totally disagree) to 5 (= totally agree), the respondents showed negative attitudes towards reducing chemical sprayings (mean = 2.30), rather low levels of subjective norms (mean = 2.67), and rather low levels of perceived behavioral control over reduction of chemical sprayings (mean = 2.76). The TPB variables accounted for 73% of the variance in farmers' behavioral intention. Overall, farmers' behavioral intention to reduce chemical sprayings was almost neutral. CONCLUSION Increasing knowledge of the adverse effects of pesticides on health is necessary to promote safety behavior of farmers in the greenhouse.
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Kim MS, Sarcevic A, Sippel GJ, McCarthy KH, Wood EA, Riley C, Mun AH, O'Connell KJ, LaPuma PT, Burd RS. Factors associated with correction of personal protective equipment nonadherence in a multidisciplinary emergency department setting: A retrospective video review. Am J Infect Control 2025; 53:30-35. [PMID: 39116999 PMCID: PMC11693478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite local and national recommendations, health care provider adherence to personal protective equipment (PPE) varied during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies have identified factors influencing initial PPE adherence but did not address factors influencing behaviors leading to correction after initial nonadherence. METHODS We conducted a retrospective video review of 18 pediatric resuscitations involving aerosol-generating procedures from March 2020 to December 2022 to identify factors associated with nonadherence correction. We quantified adherent and nonadherent providers, instances of PPE nonadherence, and time to correction. We also analyzed correction behaviors, including provider actions and correction locations. RESULTS Among 434 providers, 362 (83%) were nonadherent with at least 1 PPE. Only 186 of 1,832 instances of nonadherence were corrected, primarily upon room entry and during patient care. Correction time varied by PPE type and nonadherence level (incomplete vs absent). Most corrections were self-initiated, with few reminders from other providers. DISCUSSION Potential barriers to correction include a lack of social pressure and external reminders. Solutions include optimizing PPE availability, providing real-time feedback, and educating on double gloving. CONCLUSIONS Most providers were nonadherent to PPE requirements during high-risk infection transmission events. The low correction rate suggests challenges in promoting collective responsibility and maintaining protective behaviors during medical emergencies.
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Kim MS, Park B, Sippel GJ, Mun AH, Yang W, McCarthy KH, Fernandez E, Linguraru MG, Sarcevic A, Marsic I, Burd RS. Comparative analysis of personal protective equipment nonadherence detection: computer vision versus human observers. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2025; 32:163-171. [PMID: 39401253 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocae262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human monitoring of personal protective equipment (PPE) adherence among healthcare providers has several limitations, including the need for additional personnel during staff shortages and decreased vigilance during prolonged tasks. To address these challenges, we developed an automated computer vision system for monitoring PPE adherence in healthcare settings. We assessed the system performance against human observers detecting nonadherence in a video surveillance experiment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The automated system was trained to detect 15 classes of eyewear, masks, gloves, and gowns using an object detector and tracker. To assess how the system performs compared to human observers in detecting nonadherence, we designed a video surveillance experiment under 2 conditions: variations in video durations (20, 40, and 60 seconds) and the number of individuals in the videos (3 versus 6). Twelve nurses participated as human observers. Performance was assessed based on the number of detections of nonadherence. RESULTS Human observers detected fewer instances of nonadherence than the system (parameter estimate -0.3, 95% CI -0.4 to -0.2, P < .001). Human observers detected more nonadherence during longer video durations (parameter estimate 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.0, P < .001). The system achieved a sensitivity of 0.86, specificity of 1, and Matthew's correlation coefficient of 0.82 for detecting PPE nonadherence. DISCUSSION An automated system simultaneously tracks multiple objects and individuals. The system performance is also independent of observation duration, an improvement over human monitoring. CONCLUSION The automated system presents a potential solution for scalable monitoring of hospital-wide infection control practices and improving PPE usage in healthcare settings.
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Lee SH, Kastor W, Fu X, Soni V, Keidar M, Donohue M, Wood S, Karunasena E. Development and application of decontamination methods for the re-use of laboratory grade plastic pipette tips. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301950. [PMID: 39739986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025] Open
Abstract
During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a need for methods to decontaminate and reuse personal protective equipment (PPE) and medical plastics became a priority. In this investigation we aimed to develop a contamination evaluation protocol for laboratory pipette tips, after decontamination. Decontamination methods tested in this study included cleaning with a common laboratory detergent (2.5% Alconox® solution followed with steam decontamination), exposure of ozone vapor at 250 and 14400 PPM * minute, and exposure to cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). All tips (control and experimental groups) were introduced to the methods described, while tips exposed to DNA extracts of Aeromonas hydrophila (ATCC-23211) were assessed for experimental groups. Decontamination was determined by turnover ratio and log reduction in detectable genomic material on the contaminated products using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay. Our results showed, cleaning tips with lab detergents along with steam decontamination removed genetic material, resulting in the highest log reduction, compared with ozone or CAP treatments. Detergent/washing methods showed the second highest turnover ratio (95.9%) and log reduction (5.943). However, the excessive residue (post- cleaning) on the plastic, within inner filters, and tip boxes suggested that washing with lab detergents was not favorable for reuse. Ozone vapor at 14400 PPM * minute showed the highest turnover ratio (98.4%) and log reduction (4.511). CAP exposure with tips inverted (the tip end exposed closer to the plasma flame) for 1 minute showed a turnover ratio of (68.3%) and log reduction (4.002). Relatively, lower turnover ratio and log reduction of CAP could be improved by optimization, such as increasing the exposure time. Future testing would provide fine-tuned conditions for CAP-specific decontamination of plasticware. In this study we were able to provide fundamental insight into a non-traditional decontamination method for single-use plasticware that could render these products reusable.
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Afsar S, Hossain M, Islam M, Simmonds H, Stillwell AA, Butler KA. Human papillomavirus and occupational exposure: The need for vaccine provision for healthcare providers. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2342622. [PMID: 38771122 PMCID: PMC11110707 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2342622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
To probe the understanding of healthcare providers regarding occupational exposure to human papillomavirus and their knowledge about human papillomavirus vaccination in relation to the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) recommendations. In this cross-sectional study, the healthcare providers at Mayo Clinic Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota were delivered an electronic survey. The survey was completed by 349 healthcare providers, with one respondent excluded for inconsistent entry. The mean age of respondents was 42.7 ± 10.9, and of those, 68% were female and 32% were male. Of the unvaccinated respondents, 43.3% were ≤ 45 y of age (eligible for vaccination), while those vaccinated formed 41% of the respondents. Healthcare providers are highly concerned about their cancer safety, as shown by their awareness of occupational human papillomavirus hazards and broad knowledge about vaccine efficacy. The use of personal protective equipment varied widely, including eyewear, double gloving, procedural face mask, N95 face mask, and/or nothing. Human papillomavirus and cancer risk was clearly perceived by healthcare providers. For professions, pairwise comparisons revealed that nurse practitioners, physician assistants, certified registered nurse anesthetists, and allied healthcare providers had lower scores than medical doctors. Despite the high level of understanding among healthcare providers of occupational human papillomavirus exposure, only a few of them knew of the recommendations of the ASCPP for vaccination of healthcare providers treating human papillomavirus-related diseases. In such cases, most of those surveyed embraced vaccination, which was considered 100% safe by medical doctors and allied health professionals.
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Prathep S, Geater AF, Sriplung H, Kumwichar P, Chongsuvivatwong V. Failed/difficult Intubation comparing between pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 pandemic period using a national insurance claims database and information system of a university hospital. BMC Anesthesiol 2024; 24:450. [PMID: 39643901 PMCID: PMC11622675 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-024-02788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endotracheal intubation can be difficult or even fail under certain patient and anaesthesiologist conditions. During the COVID-19 pandemic a country-wide lockdown policy was enforced in Thailand which stipulated that anaesthesiologists wear personal protective equipment, powered air purifying respirator, or goggles and surgical/N95 mask during the intubation procedure. Thus, an anaesthesiologist's vision is restricted and grip on the equipment less sure. Under these conditions, the incidence of difficult intubation was expected to increase. METHODS This time-series study was based on the aggregated age- and sex-standardized monthly incidence of difficult intubation among all intubated patients whose data were recorded in the national insurance claims database and among patients recorded in the records of a university hospital from January 2018 to September 2022. Changes in incidence of difficult intubation following the implementation of a lockdown policy from 26 March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic were explored using negative binomial regression and interrupted linear regression time-series analysis. RESULTS Data of 922,274 individuals in the national database and 95,457 individuals in the university database were retrieved. The overall incidence of difficult intubation in both settings dropped by 25% following lockdown, significantly so in the national database (p < 0.001). At the point of interruption, a significant drop in level was evident in the national data (of 1.682 per thousand per month, P = 0.003) and a non-significant drop at the university level (of 1.118 per thousand per month, P = 0.304). DISCUSSION The decreased incidence of difficult intubation during the lockdown period was contrary to expectation but might be related to the deployment solely of anaesthesiologists and more experienced anaesthetic staff using videolaryngoscopes during lockdown following the recommendation for intubation during respiratory disease pandemics.
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Stankiewicz M, Maletta A, Tan C, Howard DAF, Olson DR. BC Cancer Radiation Therapists' perspective on the impact of COVID-19 precautions in clinical practice. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2024; 55:101734. [PMID: 39116834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2024.101734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There were many policy and procedure (P&P) changes implemented in health care facilities to combat the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Common changes included an increase in personal protective equipment usage, room occupancy limits, limitations in visitors/family members and the absence of volunteers. This study evaluated the current views and opinions of Radiation Therapists (RTs) in British Columbia relating to how COVID-19 P&P changes have impacted their clinical practice. The goal was to identify gaps in the areas of RT practice, allow for self-reflection among RTs and potentially guide future P&Ps with patient-centred care at the forefront. METHODS A 24-item cross-sectional questionnaire was created and sent via e-mail to all RTs working across the province. Key sections explored in the questionnaire were: 1) patient care delivery, 2) staff-work environment, and 3) work satisfaction. Descriptive analysis was performed on the questionnaire responses. RESULTS Of the approximate 300 invited participants, 107 responses were received from all areas of Radiation Therapy (Treatment units, CT simulation, Dosimetry, etc.) and from all cancer centres in the province. RT staff indicated that COVID-19 P&P negatively impacted patient care, including the ability to verbally and non-verbally communicate with patients (82 %), assess for side effects (85 %), and build rapport (62 %). A majority (79 %) of RT staff felt that communication with co-workers had been negatively impacted as well. When queried regarding the impact on staff environment, 51 % of RT staff agreed that the absence of volunteers increased their workload and the responses were polarized (46 % disagree, 35 % agree) when asked if RT staff have enough time for cleaning their clinical areas with new COVID-19 P&Ps in place. 78 % of RTs were aware of where to go with COVID-19 safety concerns and thought they received adequate education concerning COVID P&Ps. When asked to rank the factors that most impacted RT practice, RTs identified increased PPE usage (83 %), absence of volunteers (74 %), and room occupancy limits (70 %) as the leading P&P changes that negatively impacted their practice; while plexiglass barriers (39 %), re-arranged workspaces (37 %) and working remotely (12 %) were the least negatively impactful. CONCLUSION The majority of RTs across BC Cancer responding to the questionnaire indicated that their ability to provide patient care and their staff-work environment were negatively impacted by implemented COVID-19 P&Ps. Views regarding COVID-19 P&P training/education was positive, yet there was no consensus regarding whether the changes were implemented smoothly. This study can facilitate reflection among both clinical leadership and RTs on how P&Ps can be implemented in the future and can encourage further retrospective analyses in aiding the development of P&Ps regarding future public health outbreaks.
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Lovén K, Hagvall L, Rex J, Nilsson CA, Malmborg V, Pagels J, Strandberg B, Hedmer M. Characterization of exposure to air pollutants for workers in and around fires. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2024; 21:878-894. [PMID: 39418654 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2024.2406244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Firefighters can be occupationally exposed to a wide range of airborne pollutants during fire-extinguishing operations. The overall study aim was to characterize occupational exposure to smoke for several groups of workers responding to fires, with specific aims to determine the correlations between exposure markers and to biologically assess their systemic exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urine. Personal exposure measurements of equivalent black carbon (eBC), elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), PAHs, lung deposited surface area (LDSA), and particle number concentration (PNC) of ultrafine particles were performed on firefighters, observers, and post-fire workers during firefighting exercises. Urine samples were collected before and after exposure and analyzed for PAH metabolites. Additional routes for PAH skin exposure were investigated by wipe sampling on defined surfaces: equipment, personal protective equipment (PPE), and vehicles. Among workers without PPE, observers generally had higher exposures than post-fire workers. The observers and post-fire workers had an occupational exposure to smoke measured e.g. as EC of 7.3 µg m-3 and 1.9 µg m-3, respectively. There was a good agreement between measurements of carbonaceous particles measured as EC from filters and as eBC with high time resolution, especially for the observers and post-fire workers. Ultrafine particle exposure measured as LDSA was two times higher for observers compared to the post-fire workers. The urinary levels of PAH metabolites were generally higher in firefighters and observers compared to post-fire workers. Investigation of PAH contamination on firefighters' PPE revealed high PAH contamination on surfaces with frequent skin contact both before and after cleaning. Exposure to smoke can be assessed with several different exposure markers. For workers residing unprotected around fire scenes, there can be high peak exposures depending on their behavior concerning the smoke plume. Several workers had high urinary PAH metabolite concentrations even though they were exposed to low air concentrations of PAHs, indicating skin absorption of PAH as a plausible exposure route.
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Kennedy C, Nehme E, Anderson D, Dantanarayana A, Delardes B, Nehme Z. Changes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation quality during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Resuscitation 2024; 205:110419. [PMID: 39447960 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Revised: 10/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
AIM The impact of personal protective equipment (PPE) on resuscitation quality is largely unknown. We sought to examine the effect of PPE requirements on CPR quality and resuscitation interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria, Australia. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult OHCA patients of medical aetiology who received attempted resuscitation. The study consisted of three periods; a pre-COVID-19 period (1st March 2019 to 15th March 2020), the COVID-19 period (16th March 2020 to 12th October 2022) and a post-COVID-19 period (13th October 2022 to 30th June 2023). Multivariable quantile and logistic regression were used to examine changes in CPR metrics and time to resuscitation interventions across the three periods. RESULTS We included 8,956 patients (2,389 pre-COVID-19, 4,935 during COVID-19 and 1,632 post-COVID-19). A number of CPR quality metrics deteriorated during the COVID-19 period compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, including: chest compression fraction (median difference [MD] -0.81 percentage points; 95% CI -1.07,-0.56), release velocity (MD -5.26 mm per second; 95% CI -9.79, -0.72) and resuscitation duration (MD -2.2 min; 95% CI -3.39, -1.05). The COVID-19 period was also associated with longer post-shock pauses (MD 0.22 s; 95% CI 0.05, 0.38), and a reduction in the risk-adjusted odds of receiving adrenaline administration within 5 mins (AOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63 - 0.82) and laryngeal mask insertion within 10 mins of arrival (AOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74 - 0.94). These factors, with the exception of resuscitation duration and time to larygeal mask insertion, remained significantly different from baseline for the post-COVID-19 period. CONCLUSION Several CPR quality metrics declined during the COVID-19 period and some remain below pre-pandemic levels. Further research is needed to understand these impacts on OHCA outcomes.
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Ceballos DM, Vasquez D, Ceballos LM, Noguchi JE, Levy JI, Green JG, Baker WE, Schechter-Perkins EM, Leibler JH. Healthcare workers' experiences protecting themselves and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021. Ann Work Expo Health 2024; 68:919-939. [PMID: 39110479 PMCID: PMC11586277 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We characterized experiences and strategies used by frontline healthcare workers to prevent severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-related coronavirus transmission at work and to household members during the coronavirus disease pandemic. Alongside an online questionnaire (n = 234), remote semi-structured interviews (n = 23: 15 clinicians, 8 non-clinicians) were conducted in 2021. Mitigation challenges and facilitators were identified from data to represent experiences as a process considering the before, during, and after work shifts. Journey mapping was utilized to visually describe how healthcare workers experienced the stages of the work environment, leaving work, commuting home, and the home environment, and strategies implemented to stay safe. Major facilitators included the uptake of coronavirus disease vaccines and testing, information regarding virus transmission, and adequate personal protective equipment. The most critical challenges identified included a lack of designated areas for end-of-day disinfection, changing rooms, showers, and lockers in the leaving work stage. Psychosocial and environmental factors must be considered in future hospital pandemic preparations.
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Abera BT, Gebrecherkos T, Weledegebriel MG, Abreha GF. Prevalence of COVID-19 and associated factors among healthcare workers in the war-torn Tigray, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310128. [PMID: 39576201 PMCID: PMC11581278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has put an enormous encumbrance on the healthcare system and healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide, particularly in war-torn areas. As the world strives to end the pandemic, knowing the magnitude of the infection and its contributing factors in fragile settings is critical to prevent further waves of the pandemic. METHODS Using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), a facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 and its associated factors. The study was conducted among 326 unvaccinated HCWs in two hospitals in Tigray, Ethiopia from. The study period was from June 26 to December 31, 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the characteristics of study participants and the magnitude of COVID-19 while multivariate logistic regression was applied to assess factors affecting COVID-19 infection among HCWs. RESULTS The seroprevalence of COVID-19 among HCWs in the war-torn region of Tigray was 52.4% and 56.5% using Cellex and INNOVA antibody RDTs, respectively. The point prevalence, using Abbot Antigen test, was 14.2%. The overall infection prevention and control practice (IPC) and facility preparedness was poor with >85% of the HCWs reporting not wearing eye goggle/face shield and respirator in activities that needed transmission-based precautions; none of the participants reporting as having separate waste disposal system for COVID-19 cases; and only 56.8% reporting as having an isolation area during the time of testing. In the multivariate analysis, not having isolation area (AOR = 19.6, 95% CI: 7.57-50.78), re-using of personal protective equipment (PPE) (AOR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.54-6.77), being symptomatic (AOE = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.02-5.67), and being a medical doctor, doctor of dental surgery, and anesthetist (AOR = 3.64, 95% CI: 1.05-12.66) were significantly associated with having at least one positive result. CONCLUSIONS Shortage of PPE supply, poor IPC practice, suboptimal facility preparedness, and low vaccination coverage in the region contributed to the high rate of COVID-19 infection among HCWs observed in this study.
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Polat SE, Arıkan FM, Gençoğlu MY, Akyan ŞS, Uytun S, Tabakçı SÖ, Bilgiç I, Çakar MK, Ademhan Tural D, Tuğcu GD, Cinel G. Experience with flexible bronchoscopy for noncoronavirus disease of 2019 indications in pediatric patients during the coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59:2867-2874. [PMID: 38896067 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.27144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) poses a risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission due to aerosol generation. This study aimed to assess the utilization, indications, outcomes, and safety of FB in pediatric patients for noncoronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) reasons during the pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed pediatric patients who underwent FB for non-COVID-19 indications at a tertiary children's hospital's pulmonary clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients showed no COVID-19 symptoms and tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of nasopharyngeal and throat swabs within 24 h before the procedure. FBs were conducted in the operating room, with healthcare professionals (HCPs) wearing personal protective equipment, including medical N95 masks, gloves, gowns, and eye protection. RESULTS Between March 2020 and April 2022, 167 pediatric patients underwent FB for non-COVID-19 indications. Common indications included foreign body aspiration (22.7%), stridor (10.1%), and atelectasis (8.9%). No COVID-19 symptoms were observed in patients on the 1st and 10th days post-FB. During the 1-month follow-up, 52 patients underwent SARSCoV-2 PCR testing, and one patient tested positive in the third week after the procedure. None of the HCPs in the FB team experienced COVID-19 symptoms or tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION A bronchoscopy protocol with safety precautions minimized the risk of COVID-19 transmission, allowing safe FB performance for non-COVID-19 indications in pediatric patients during the pandemic. The experience gained in FB during COVID-19 is valuable for similar situations in the future.
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Cooke A, Gray M, LaForge K, Livingston CJ, Flores DP, Choo EK. Adaptive Approaches to Physical Pain Treatment Modalities During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Analysis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2024; 30:1102-1107. [PMID: 39007182 PMCID: PMC11631791 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2024.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Despite the lack of proven efficacy, opioids historically have been used for the treatment of noncancer back pain. A variety of other effective therapeutic options for pain management are becoming more available over time. In 2016, Oregon implemented a unique and novel policy to improve evidence-based back pain care and promote safer and more effective opioid prescribing through the state's Medicaid program, the Oregon Health Plan. This article examines the ways providers adapted to providing care for patients with back pain in the context of COVID-19 and to better understand the challenges faced by and adaptations made by providers. Methods: We conducted focus groups with clinicians and physical pain treatment modality practitioners (PPTMPs). In total, 129 providers participated in one of six focus groups, including 74 clinicians (54%) and 55 PPTMPs (42%). Reflexive thematic analysis was used to construct themes or units of meaning across data. Results: Focus groups revealed concerns about PPE shortages, telemedicine challenges, communication barriers, and profession-specific responses to COVID-19, which hindered patient care and referrals. Focus groups also highlighted some advantages related to increased insight into patients' lives, which enhanced treatment. Care during COVID-19 has resulted in continued patient interest in telehealth and telemedicine. Conclusion: Optimizing use of these technologies for health conditions, such as back pain, adds to treatment options for patients and gives providers a more holistic understanding of patients' lives, the challenges they may face, and how that impacts their treatment.
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Roig J, DeBolt CA, Cabrera M, Spiera E, Goldberger C, Bianco A, Stone JA, Factor SH. Use of Respiratory and Contact Precautions to Decrease the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Was Not Associated with a Decrease in Endometritis-Intra-Amniotic Infection. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:2082-2090. [PMID: 38657643 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To decrease the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the Mount Sinai Hospital's obstetric service, additional contact and respiratory precautions for patients and staff were implemented. Patients were allowed only one support person, SARS-CoV-2 tested on admission, and required to mask during hospitalization. Staff were required to wear masks and eye shields, gloves for all patient care, and gowns for care with SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. This study determined if the risk of endometritis/intra-amniotic infection (IAI) changed under the new pandemic precautions. STUDY DESIGN A single-center, historical cohort study via electronic medical record review compared singleton deliveries among patients who labored during the "pandemic period" (from March 1 through May 31, 2020) with those who labored during the "prepandemic period" (March 1 through May 31, 2019) to determine if the risk of endometritis/IAI differed. The analysis was done using logistic regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to adjust for possible differences in obstetric practice and patient population between the two periods. RESULTS Four percent (53/1,318) of patients in the pandemic period and 5.1% (82/1,596) of patients in the prepandemic period were diagnosed with endometritis/IAI (p = 0.15). Compared with patients who delivered in the prepandemic period, those who delivered during the pandemic period had a higher body mass index at delivery (median: 28.36 [interquartile range, IQR: 25.70, 32.07] vs. 28.00 [IQR: 25.23, 31.50], p = 0.01) and experienced fewer digital exams (median: 4 [range: 1, 10] vs. 4 (range: 1, 19], p = 0.004), a practice not included in the SARS-CoV-2 prevention strategy. In multivariable logistic regression with IPTW adjusting for risk factors for endometritis/IAI, period of delivery was not associated with endometritis/IAI (odds ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval [0.52, 1.11], p = 0.15). CONCLUSION The use of respiratory and contact precautions to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 was not associated with risk of endometritis/IAI. KEY POINTS · Pandemic infection control precautions were not associated with a decrease in endometritis/IAIs.. · The early months of the pandemic were associated with the performance of fewer digital cervical exams.. · The early months of the pandemic were associated with a higher BMI at delivery..
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Chin A, Woods C, Pelecanos AM, Tognolini A, Chawla G, Bell S, Rapchuk IL, Wang J, Eley VA. Anaesthesia healthcare workers' interactions with COVID-19-positive and -suspect patients: A multi-site observational study from Queensland, Australia. Anaesth Intensive Care 2024; 52:377-385. [PMID: 39415753 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x241265723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Occupationally acquired COVID-19 is a hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs). In four hospitals of the Metro North Hospitals and Health Service in Queensland, Australia, we invited HCWs to report the nature of any anaesthesia interactions with COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-suspect patients. This was to assist workforce planning in future pandemics. Data collection consisted of three phases; 1) participating HCWs recorded details of episodes of care (EOCs) with COVID-19-positive or COVID-19-suspect patients; 2) these HCWs were invited to complete a follow-up survey about their own health status regarding COVID-19 infections; 3) electronic health records were used to assess patient demographics, infectious status and outcomes. Between 21 March 2020 and 17 May 2022, 63 anaesthesia HCWs reported 90 EOCs with 67 unique patients. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) age of the HCWs was 40.5 years (34-46); 55% (34/62) were male, 62% (39/63) were consultants and 21% (13/63) were registrars. The median (IQR) age of patients was 39 (28-63) years. Personal protective equipment (PPE) was deemed to be appropriate by the HCWs in (86/88) 98% of the EOCs. Twenty-four HCWs (38%) responded to a follow-up survey. Of 12 HCWs who subsequently tested positive to COVID-19, only four had cared for a COVID-19-positive patient in the two weeks prior to their diagnosis. Most responding HCWs perceived they contracted COVID-19 in the community, experiencing mild illness. We found relatively low COVID-19 case numbers, high PPE use and low transmission of COVID-19 within the hospital setting.
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Miletic V, Avuthu R, Zaprzala P, Divnic-Resnik T, Savic-Stankovic T, Cabunac J, Stasic JN, Matic T. Enhanced personal protective equipment and dental students' experience and quality of a restorative procedure in a simulated clinical setting. J Dent Educ 2024; 88:1490-1502. [PMID: 38795331 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of enhanced personal protective equipment (Enhanced_PPE) on student-operator's experience and restorative procedure. METHODS Student-operators (N = 29 Year 3 dental students) performed Class II composite restorations (SimpliShade, Kerr) in typodont upper molars (OneDental) equipped with N95 respirators, full-face shields, disposable headwear and gowns (Enhanced_PPE) or surgical masks, protective glasses/goggles and non-disposable gowns (Standard_PPE) 2 weeks later. Cavity dimensions were measured on cone beam computed tomography images. The quality of composite restorations was assessed using selected FDI criteria and Vickers hardness. A questionnaire assessed the operators' discomfort, anxiety, confidence, ability to perform, and procedure outcome. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and McNemar test (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS Student-operators experienced greater discomfort and anxiety, reduced confidence and ability to perform, and rated the procedure as less satisfactory with Enhanced_PPE (p < 0.05). Differences in proximal box width were marginally significant (Enhanced_PPE 1.8 ± 0.4 mm, Standard_PPE 1.6 ± 0.3 mm) (p = 0.047). Other cavity dimensions were similar between groups (p > 0.05) as were restorations regarding surface luster, anatomical form, marginal adaptation, proximal contour, and contact (p > 0.05). There were no differences in the hardness of composite restorations (top p = 0.349, bottom p = 0.334). CONCLUSIONS Enhanced_PPE led to student-operator discomfort, anxiety, and reduced confidence, but did not impact the quality of Class II preparation and composite restorations versus Standard_PPE.
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Walsh LJ. Reusable Personal Protective Equipment Viewed Through the Lens of Sustainability. Int Dent J 2024; 74 Suppl 2:S446-S454. [PMID: 39515932 PMCID: PMC11583863 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.07.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
From early 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic drove dramatic increases in the production and use of single use disposable masks, respirators and gowns, and highlighted the vulnerability of supply chains for these items. This paper explores the impacts of the rising demands for these single use items through the lens of sustainability, by collating data on the carbon footprint and other impacts, and then discussing challenges, solutions, and future perspectives. Polypropylene and other key synthetic fibre components of these items are not biodegradable, and persist in the environments for prolonged periods generating microplastics as they degrade slowly. Various methods have been shown to allow limited repeated use of surgical masks and respirators, and this has spurred the development of masks and respirators designed for many cycles of reuse. Parallel discussions around gowns reveal that reuseable gowns offer many advantages for performance as well as reduced environmental impact. At the local dental clinic level, those making purchasing decisions should consider impacts of their product choices on the environment. Such impacts occur from manufacture, transport, and disposal of PPE, and from degradation within the environment. Regulators need to encourage use of reuseable items and facilitate this through local guidelines, while at the international level, more work is needed to develop uniform standards for reuseable masks, respirators and gowns.
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Chakr N, Sav A. The role of personal protective equipment (PPE) in reducing firefighter exposure to chemical hazards: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2024; 21:831-841. [PMID: 39442142 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2024.2400237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of personal protective equipment (PPE) in reducing firefighter exposure to various hazardous chemicals from the smoke emitted during fires. A systematic review of peer-reviewed articles was undertaken utilizing five databases: Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINHAL. Studies published between 2013 and 2023 that investigated the effectiveness of PPE in reducing firsthand exposure to at least one chemical were included. Extracted data were grouped into two overarching themes related to PPE: (a) Respiratory Protection and (b) Personal Protective Clothing (PPC). Overall, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria and were considered for further analysis. Respiratory protection, particularly self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), offered the most protection in preventing inhalation exposure to chemical hazards. There was limited evidence on the effectiveness of firefighter turnout gear in reducing skin contamination. Combustion contaminants, especially highly volatile compounds like benzene, were found to permeate and penetrate through and around the protective clothing. In conclusion, certain respirators, particularly SCBA, provided the best protection against inhalation exposure to chemicals; however, PPC did not appear to provide complete protection, particularly against the more volatile chemicals like benzene.
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Foreman AM, Omari A, Marks KJ, Troeschel AN, Haas EJ, Moore SM, Fechter-Leggett E, Park JH, Cox-Ganser JM, Damon SA, Soileau S, Jacob C, Bakshi A, Reilly A, Aubin K, Puszykowski K, Chew GL. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Mold Remediation Following Hurricane Ida in Southeast Louisiana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:1412. [PMID: 39595679 PMCID: PMC11594125 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21111412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024]
Abstract
Hurricane Ida, a Category 4 hurricane, made landfall in southern Louisiana in August of 2021, causing widespread wind damage and flooding. The objective of this study was to investigate knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to post-hurricane mold exposure and cleanup among residents and workers in areas of Louisiana affected by Hurricane Ida and assess changes in knowledge, attitudes, and practices that have occurred over the past 16 years since Hurricane Katrina. We conducted in-person interviews with 238 residents and 68 mold-remediation workers in areas in and around New Orleans to ask about their mold cleanup knowledge and practices, personal protective equipment use, and risk perceptions related to mold. Knowledge of recommended safety measures increased since the post-Katrina survey but adherence to recommended safety measures did not. Many residents and some workers reported using insufficient personal protective equipment when cleaning up mold despite awareness of the potential negative health effects of mold exposure.
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Balasubramaniam Oam R, Patel J, Shanmugasundaram K, Singer SR. The Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Other Emerging Infections on Dentistry. Dent Clin North Am 2024; 68:627-646. [PMID: 39244248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The appearance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other emerging infections has significantly impacted the field of dentistry, leading to widespread changes in practices and protocols. This has included the implementation of strict infection control measures, such as meticulous use of personal protective equipment, minimizing aerosol-generating procedures, and the adoption of teledentistry to reduce in-person contact. To date, the complete impact of delays in dental care caused by lockdowns has yet to be determined. The challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic have propelled innovation, shaping a new era of dentistry focused on safety against novel and re-emerging infections.
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Qiao S, Shirley C, Garrett C, Weissman S, Olatosi B, Li X. Facilitators of Organizational Resilience Within South Carolina AIDS Service Organizations: Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:103-114. [PMID: 37247043 PMCID: PMC10226022 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
HIV care services have been interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic in many states in the U.S. including South Carolina (SC). However, many HIV care facilities demonstrated organizational resilience (i.e., the ability to maintain needed health services amid rapidly changing circumstances) by addressing challenges to maintaining care during the pandemic. This study, therefore, aims to identify key facilitators for organizational resilience among AIDS Services Organizations (ASOs) in SC. In-depth interviews were conducted among 11 leaders, from 8 ASOs, across SC during the summer of 2020. The interviews were recorded after receiving proper consent and then transcribed. Utilizing a codebook based upon the interview guide, a thematic analysis approach was utilized to analyze the data. All data management and analysis were conducted in NVivo 11.0. Our findings demonstrate several facilitators of organizational resilience, including (1) accurate and timely crisis information dissemination; (2) clear and preemptive protocols; (3) effective healthcare system policies, management, and leadership; (4) prioritization of staff psychological wellbeing; (5) stable access to personal protective equipment (PPE); (6) adequate and flexible funding; and (7) infrastructure that supports telehealth. Given the facilitators of organizational resilience among ASOs in SC during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is recommended that organizations implement and maintain coordinated and informed responses based upon preemptive protocols and emerging needs. ASO funders are encouraged to allow a flexibility in spending. The lessons learned from the participating leaders enable ASOs to develop and strengthen their organizational resilience and experience fewer disruptions in the future.
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ALHADAD SHARIFAHBADRIYAH, PONAMPALAM R, LIM LOUISASIXIAN, LOW IVANCHERHCHIET, KSHITIJ RAHALKAR, ABDUL KARIM AZIZBIN, SALAMOON ZAMSHEKBIN, MARIMUTHU YOGARAJAHS, LEE JASONKAIWEI. Effects of Heat Exposure and Ice Slurry Ingestion on Risk-Taking Behavior in Healthcare Workers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:2016-2025. [PMID: 38767972 PMCID: PMC11419282 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Healthcare workers (HCWs) wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) experience physiological strain that can impair motor and psychological functions, potentially affecting patient care. We assessed the effects of heat exposure on maximal strength and risk-taking behavior among PPE-wearing HCWs and the efficacy of ice slurry to alleviate adverse effects. METHODS Seventeen HCWS completed two experimental trials in a crossover design, consuming 5 g·kg -1 of body mass of ambient drink (AMB) or ice slurry (ICE) before donning PPE and undergoing 2 h of simulated decontamination exercise (wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT): 25.9°C ± 0.8°C, PPE microenvironment WBGT: 29.1°C ± 2.1°C). Body core temperature ( Tc ), heart rate (HR), chest skin temperature ( Tsk ), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation (RTS), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), risk-taking behavior (balloon analogue risk-taking task (BART)), and salivary cortisol were assessed. RESULTS Predrinking to postdrinking ∆ Tc was greater in ICE (-0.2°C ± 0.1°C) than AMB (-0.0°C ± 0.1°C, P = 0.003). Post-drinking RTS was lower in ICE (2.7 ± 1.2) than AMB (4.1 ± 0.4, P < 0.001). ICE and AMB had similar Tc and HR (both P > 0.05), but Tsk was lower in ICE than AMB ( P = 0.049). A lower MVC (30.3 ± 6.7 vs 27.4 ± 4.9 kg, P = 0.001) and higher BART-adjusted total pump count (472 ± 170 vs 615 ± 174 pumps, P = 0.017) was observed pretrial to posttrial in AMB but absent in ICE (both P > 0.05). Salivary cortisol was similar between trials ( P = 0.42). CONCLUSIONS Heat-exposed PPE-wearing HCWs had impaired maximal strength and elevated risk-taking behavior. This may increase the risk of avoidable workplace accidents that can jeopardize HCWs and patient care. Ice slurry ingestion alleviated these heat-related impairments, suggesting its potential as an ergogenic aid.
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Salih AA, Sadiq MA, Tawfeeq Al-Ani WA, Mohammed RA, Mohammed HA. Prevalence of breakthrough COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers in Baghdad. J PAK MED ASSOC 2024; 74:S56-S59. [PMID: 39434273 DOI: 10.47391/jpma-bagh-16-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2024]
Abstract
Objective To determine the prevalence and severity of breakthrough coronavirus disease-2019 infection among health workers, and to assess health workers' post-vaccination adherence to preventive guidelines. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to March 2022 at 2 major hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised physicians, pharmacists, dentists and paramedical staff present at time of data collection. The participants were classified according to vaccination status with history of infection. Unvaccinated meant infected before vaccination; partially vaccinated meant infected after the first dose; and fully vaccinated meant breakthrough infection after the second dose. Data was analysed using SPSS 28. RESULTS Of the 506 participants aged 20-59 years, 327(64.6%) were females, 247(48.8%) were physicians, 72(14.2%) were smokers, and 21(4.1%) had asthma. All the 506(100%) participants had been infected after vaccination; 430(85%) after the second dose, and 76(15%) after the first dose. In 445(88.6%) cases, the infection was mild to moderate, while admission was required in 21(4.1%). With respect to adherence to preventive guidelines, 229(45.3%) subjects were always wearing masks before the vaccination, but 119(23.7%) continued doing that after receiving the second dose of the vaccine. CONCLUSIONS The majority of the participants had fallen victim to breakthrough coronavirus disease-2019 infection. Adherence to preventive guidelines was found to be reduced after the second dose of the vaccination.
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Hudson S, Ridland L, Blackburn J, Monchuk L, Ousey K. The comfort and functional performance of personal protective equipment for police officers: a systematic scoping review. ERGONOMICS 2024; 67:1317-1337. [PMID: 38263946 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2024.2302957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to identify and summarise evidence on the comfort and functional performance of police officer personal protective equipment (PPE). The Arksey and O'Malley (2005) five-stage framework for scoping reviews was followed. PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched, and 35 articles were included in the review. The findings show that increased police PPE mass increases heart rate, metabolic energy expenditure, and perceived exertion in response to exercise. Unisex armour designs cause increased discomfort for females with larger bra sizes. PPE reduces joint-specific range of motion, with the design and location impairing movement more than mass. Jumping and sprinting performance is decreased with heavy PPE but unaffected by lighter protection, while agility is compromised with most forms of protection. Future research is needed on the fit and function of PPE for specialist police units, such as mounted police, along with further investigations on how fit can affect functional performance.
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