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Luginina A, Maslov I, Khorn P, Volkov O, Khnykin A, Kuzmichev P, Shevtsov M, Belousov A, Kapranov I, Dashevskii D, Kornilov D, Bestsennaia E, Hofkens J, Hendrix J, Gensch T, Cherezov V, Ivanovich V, Mishin A, Borshchevskiy V. Functional GPCR Expression in Eukaryotic LEXSY System. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168310. [PMID: 37806553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form the largest superfamily of membrane proteins in the human genome, and represent one of the most important classes of drug targets. Their structural studies facilitate rational drug discovery. However, atomic structures of only about 20% of human GPCRs have been solved to date. Recombinant production of GPCRs for structural studies at a large scale is challenging due to their low expression levels and stability. Therefore, in this study, we explored the efficacy of the eukaryotic system LEXSY (Leishmania tarentolae) for GPCR production. We selected the human A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR), as a model protein, expressed it in LEXSY, purified it, and compared with the same receptor produced in insect cells, which is the most popular expression system for structural studies of GPCRs. The A2AAR purified from both expression systems showed similar purity, stability, ligand-induced conformational changes and structural dynamics, with a remarkably higher protein yield in the case of LEXSY expression. Overall, our results suggest that LEXSY is a promising platform for large-scale production of GPCRs for structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Luginina
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Ivan Maslov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia; Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan C (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Division for Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Polina Khorn
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | | | - Andrey Khnykin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Pavel Kuzmichev
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Mikhail Shevtsov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anatoliy Belousov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Ivan Kapranov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Dashevskii
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Daniil Kornilov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Bestsennaia
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Division for Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jelle Hendrix
- Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan C (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Division for Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Gensch
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Division for Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Bridge Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Valentin Ivanovich
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexey Mishin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Valentin Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia.
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Li H, Zhao J, Shi X. GPBAR1 Promotes Proliferation of Serous Ovarian Cancer by Inducing Smad4 Ubiquitination. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 29:519-526. [PMID: 33605573 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal malignancy of all female cancers and lacks an effective prognostic biomarker. Serous ovarian cancer (SOC) is the most common OC histologic type. The expression and function of bile acid receptor, G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor-1 (GPBAR1), in tumor progression remains controversial, and its clinical significance in SOC is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our study, we detected the expression of GPBAR1 in SOCs and normal ovarian tissues with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry to detect its expression pattern. Moreover, the prognostic significance of GPBAR1 was investigated with univariate and multivariate analyses. The function of GPBAR1 in regulating SOC proliferation was studied and the underlying mechanism was investigated with experiments in vitro. RESULTS GPBAR1 was overexpressed in SOCs compared with the normal ovarian tissues. In the 166 SOCs, subsets with low and high GPBAR1 accounted for 57.23% and 42.77%, respectively. Moreover, our results suggested that GPBAR1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis and can be considered as an independent prognostic biomarker. With experiments in vitro, we suggested that GPBAR1 promoted SOC proliferation by increasing Smad4 ubiquitination, which required the involvement of GPBAR1-induced ERK phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS GPBAR1 was overexpressed in SOC and predicted the poor prognosis of SOC. We showed that GPBAR1 promoted SOC proliferation by activating ERK and ubiquitining Smad4. Our results suggested that GPBAR1 was a supplement to better classify SOC on the basis of the molecular profile and that GPBAR1 may be a potential drug target of SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Li
- Department of Gynecology, Women & Children's Health Care Hospital of Linyi
| | - Juanhong Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Medical College, Linyi, Shandong
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, Shanxi, China
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Abiko LA, Rogowski M, Gautier A, Schertler G, Grzesiek S. Efficient production of a functional G protein-coupled receptor in E. coli for structural studies. J Biomol NMR 2021; 75:25-38. [PMID: 33501610 PMCID: PMC7897205 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-020-00354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane signal transducers which regulate many key physiological process. Since their discovery, their analysis has been limited by difficulties in obtaining sufficient amounts of the receptors in high-quality, functional form from heterologous expression hosts. Albeit highly attractive because of its simplicity and the ease of isotope labeling for NMR studies, heterologous expression of functional GPCRs in E. coli has proven particularly challenging due to the absence of the more evolved protein expression and folding machinery of higher eukaryotic hosts. Here we first give an overview on the previous strategies for GPCR E. coli expression and then describe the development of an optimized robust protocol for the E. coli expression and purification of two mutants of the turkey β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR) uniformly or selectively labeled in 15N or 2H,15N. These mutants had been previously optimized for thermal stability using insect cell expression and used successfully in crystallographic and NMR studies. The same sequences were then used for E. coli expression. Optimization of E. coli expression was achieved by a quantitative analysis of losses of receptor material at each step of the solubilization and purification procedure. Final yields are 0.2-0.3 mg receptor per liter culture. Whereas both expressed mutants are well folded and competent for orthosteric ligand binding, the less stable YY-β1AR mutant also comprises the two native tyrosines Y5.58 and Y7.53, which enable G protein binding. High-quality 1H-15N TROSY spectra were obtained for E. coli-expressed YY-β1AR in three different functional states (antagonist, agonist, and agonist + G protein-mimicking nanobody-bound), which are identical to spectra obtained of the same forms of the receptor expressed in insect cells. NdeI and AgeI restriction sites introduced into the expression plasmid allow for the easy replacement of the receptor gene by other GPCR genes of interest, and the provided quantitative workflow analysis may guide the respective adaptation of the purification protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layara Akemi Abiko
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marco Rogowski
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Gautier
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephan Grzesiek
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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Xu D, Xie L, Zhang Z, Wang D, Qiu J, Yu W, Xu C, He C, Xu X, Yin J. Preliminary Investigation about the Expression of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Platelets from Patients with Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura. Acta Haematol 2021; 144:551-559. [PMID: 33849009 DOI: 10.1159/000514907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the expression of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in platelets from adult patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from 40 patients with chronic ITP in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, and 40 peripheral blood samples from healthy volunteers were collected; expressions of the adenosine diphosphate receptors (P2Y1 and P2Y12), alpha-2A adrenergic receptor (α2A-AR), and thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) in platelets were detected by flow cytometry. Gα protein, protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), and protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) were analyzed by Western blot and analyzed statistically. RESULTS Flow cytometry measurements of mean fluorescence intensities showed platelets from patients with chronic ITP, compared to healthy individuals, had significantly higher levels of P2Y1 (31.4 ± 2.2 vs. 7.8 ± 0.8), P2Y12 (29.6 ± 2.1 vs. 7.2 ± 1.3), α2A-AR (25.8 ± 2.9 vs. 9.8 ± 0.9), and TP (39.8 ± 3.1 vs. 4.7 ± 0.6) (all p < 0.01). Similarly, integrated optical density analysis of Western blots showed that platelets from patients with chronic ITP had significantly higher levels of Gα (1046.3 ± 159.96 vs. 254.49 ± 39.51), PAR1 (832.98 ± 98.81 vs. 203.92 ± 27.47), and PAR4 (1518.80 ± 272.45 vs. 431.27 ± 41.86) (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Expression of GPCRs is increased in platelets from patients with chronic ITP, suggesting that platelets of chronic ITP may participate in the complicated biological process by means of GPCR-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Xu
- Division of Urological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Long Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zewen Zhang
- Division of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Duanxu Wang
- Office of Medical Affairs Administration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jinfeng Qiu
- Division of Respirology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Division of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chengwei Xu
- Department of Hemodialysis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chunling He
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xianru Xu
- Division of Inventional Ultrasonic Therapeutics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Division of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Stelcer E, Milecka P, Komarowska H, Jopek K, Tyczewska M, Szyszka M, Lesniczak M, Suchorska W, Bekova K, Szczepaniak B, Ruchala M, Karczewski M, Wierzbicki T, Szaflarski W, Malendowicz LK, Rucinski M. Adropin Stimulates Proliferation and Inhibits Adrenocortical Steroidogenesis in the Human Adrenal Carcinoma (HAC15) Cell Line. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:561370. [PMID: 33133015 PMCID: PMC7579427 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.561370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adropin is a multifunctional peptide hormone encoded by the ENHO (energy homeostasis associated) gene. It plays a role in mechanisms related to increased adiposity, insulin resistance, as well as glucose, and lipid metabolism. The low adropin levels are strongly associated with obesity independent insulin resistance. On the other hand, overexpression or exogenous administration of adropin improves glucose homeostasis. The multidirectional, adropin-related effects associated with the regulation of metabolism in humans also appear to be attributable to the effects of this peptide on the activity of various elements of the endocrine system including adrenal cortex. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of adropin on proliferation and secretory activity in the human HAC15 adrenal carcinoma cell line. In this study, we obtained several highly interesting findings. First, GPR19, the main candidate sensitizer of adrenocortical cells to adropin, was expressed in HAC15 cells. Moreover, GPR19 expression was relatively stable and not regulated by ACTH, forskolin, or adropin itself. Our findings also suggest that adropin has the capacity to decrease expression levels of steroidogenic genes such as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and CYP11A1, which then led to a statistically significant inhibition in cortisol and aldosterone biosynthesis and secretion. Based on whole transcriptome study and research involving transforming growth factor (TGF)-β type I receptor kinase inhibitor we demonstrated that attenuation of steroidogenesis caused by adropin is mediated by the TGF-β signaling pathway likely to act through transactivation mechanism. We found that HAC15 cells treated with adropin presented significantly higher proliferation levels than untreated cells. Using specific intracellular inhibitors, we showed that adropin stimulate proliferation via ERK1/2 and AKT dependent signaling pathways. We have also demonstrated that expression of GPR19 is elevated in adrenocortical carcinoma in relation to normal adrenal glands. High level of GPR19 expression in adrenocortical carcinoma may constitute a negative prognostic factor of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Stelcer
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Radiobiology Lab, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Milecka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Komarowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karol Jopek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marianna Tyczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Szyszka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Lesniczak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Suchorska
- Radiobiology Lab, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karlygash Bekova
- West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Beata Szczepaniak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchala
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Karczewski
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wierzbicki
- Department of General, Endocrinological and Gastroenterological Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Witold Szaflarski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ludwik K. Malendowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Rucinski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Molina L, Bustamante F, Ortloff A, Ramos I, Ehrenfeld P, Figueroa CD. Continuous Exposure of Breast Cancer Cells to Tamoxifen Upregulates GPER-1 and Increases Cell Proliferation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:563165. [PMID: 33117280 PMCID: PMC7561417 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.563165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GPER-1 is a novel membrane sited G protein-coupled estrogen receptor. Clinical studies have shown that patients suffering an estrogen receptor α (ERα)/GPER-1 positive, breast cancer have a lower survival rate than those who have developed ERα-positive/GPER-1 negative tumors. Moreover, absence of GPER-1 improves the prognosis of patients treated with tamoxifen, the most used selective estrogen receptor modulator to treat ERα-positive breast cancer. MCF-7 breast cancer cells were continuously treated with 1,000 nM tamoxifen for 7 days to investigate its effect on GPER-1 protein expression, cell proliferation and intracellular [Ca2+]i mobilization, a key signaling pathway. Breast cancer cells continuously treated with tamoxifen, exhibited a robust [Ca2+]i mobilization after stimulation with 1,000 nM tamoxifen, a response that was blunted by preincubation of cells with G15, a commercial GPER-1 antagonist. Continuously treated cells also displayed a high [Ca2+]i mobilization in response to a commercial GPER-1 agonist (G1) and to estrogen, in a magnitude that doubled the response observed in untreated cells and was almost completely abolished by G15. Proliferation of cells continuously treated with tamoxifen and stimulated with 2,000 nM tamoxifen, was also higher than that observed in untreated cells in a degree that was approximately 90% attributable to GPER-1. Finally, prolonged tamoxifen treatment did not increase ERα expression, but did overexpress the kinin B1 receptor, another GPCR, which we have previously shown is highly expressed in breast tumors and increases proliferation of breast cancer cells. Although we cannot fully extrapolate the results obtained in vitro to the patients, our results shed some light on the occurrence of drug resistance in breast cancer patients who are ERα/GPER-1 positive, have been treated with tamoxifen and display low survival rate. Overexpression of kinin B1 receptor may explain the increased proliferative response observed in breast tumors under continuous treatment with tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Molina
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Felipe Bustamante
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alexander Ortloff
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Pública, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Iraidi Ramos
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos D. Figueroa
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Gerhart J, Bowers J, Gugerty L, Gerhart C, Martin M, Abdalla F, Bravo-Nuevo A, Sullivan JT, Rimkunas R, Albertus A, Casta L, Getts L, Getts R, George-Weinstein M. Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 is expressed in the Myo/Nog cell lineage. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234792. [PMID: 32614850 PMCID: PMC7332021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Myo/Nog cell lineage was discovered in the chick embryo and is also present in adult mammalian tissues. The cells are named for their expression of mRNA for the skeletal muscle specific transcription factor MyoD and bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor Noggin. A third marker for Myo/Nog cells is the cell surface molecule recognized by the G8 monoclonal antibody (mAb). G8 has been used to detect, track, isolate and kill Myo/Nog cells. In this study, we screened a membrane proteome array for the target of the G8 mAb. The array consisted of >5,000 molecules, each synthesized in their native confirmation with appropriate post-translational modifications in a single clone of HEK-293T cells. G8 mAb binding to the clone expressing brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1) was detected by flow cytometry, re-verified by sequencing and validated by transfection with the plasmid construct for BAI1. Further validation of the G8 target was provided by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The G8 epitope was identified by screening a high-throughput, site directed mutagenesis library designed to cover 95–100% of the 954 amino acids of the extracellular domain of the BAI1 protein. The G8 mAb binds within the third thrombospondin repeat of the extracellular domain of human BAI1. Immunofluorescence localization experiments revealed that G8 and a commercially available BAI1 mAb co-localize to the subpopulation of Myo/Nog cells in the skin, eyes and brain. Expression of the multi-functional BAI1 protein in Myo/Nog cells introduces new possibilities for the roles of Myo/Nog cells in normal and diseased tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Gerhart
- Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Lindsay Gugerty
- Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Colby Gerhart
- Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Mark Martin
- Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Fathma Abdalla
- Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Arturo Bravo-Nuevo
- Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Amie Albertus
- Integral Molecular, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Lou Casta
- Genisphere, LLC, Hatfield, PA, United States of America
| | - Lori Getts
- Genisphere, LLC, Hatfield, PA, United States of America
| | - Robert Getts
- Genisphere, LLC, Hatfield, PA, United States of America
| | - Mindy George-Weinstein
- Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Proteins are the main source of drug targets and some of them possess therapeutic potential themselves. Among them, membrane proteins constitute approximately 50% of the major drug targets. In the drug discovery pipeline, rapid methods for producing different classes of proteins in a simple manner with high quality are important for structural and functional analysis. Cell-free systems are emerging as an attractive alternative for the production of proteins due to their flexible nature without any cell membrane constraints. In a bioproduction context, open systems based on cell lysates derived from different sources, and with batch-to-batch consistency, have acted as a catalyst for cell-free synthesis of target proteins. Most importantly, proteins can be processed for downstream applications like purification and functional analysis without the necessity of transfection, selection, and expansion of clones. In the last 5 years, there has been an increased availability of new cell-free lysates derived from multiple organisms, and their use for the synthesis of a diverse range of proteins. Despite this progress, major challenges still exist in terms of scalability, cost effectiveness, protein folding, and functionality. In this review, we present an overview of different cell-free systems derived from diverse sources and their application in the production of a wide spectrum of proteins. Further, this article discusses some recent progress in cell-free systems derived from Chinese hamster ovary and Sf21 lysates containing endogenous translocationally active microsomes for the synthesis of membrane proteins. We particularly highlight the usage of internal ribosomal entry site sequences for more efficient protein production, and also the significance of site-specific incorporation of non-canonical amino acids for labeling applications and creation of antibody drug conjugates using cell-free systems. We also discuss strategies to overcome the major challenges involved in commercializing cell-free platforms from a laboratory level for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srujan Kumar Dondapati
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marlitt Stech
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anne Zemella
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Kubick
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, The Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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Wiseman DN, Otchere A, Patel JH, Uddin R, Pollock NL, Routledge SJ, Rothnie AJ, Slack C, Poyner DR, Bill RM, Goddard AD. Expression and purification of recombinant G protein-coupled receptors: A review. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 167:105524. [PMID: 31678667 PMCID: PMC6983937 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Given their extensive role in cell signalling, GPCRs are significant drug targets; despite this, many of these receptors have limited or no available prophylaxis. Novel drug design and discovery significantly rely on structure determination, of which GPCRs are typically elusive. Progress has been made thus far to produce sufficient quantity and quality of protein for downstream analysis. As such, this review highlights the systems available for recombinant GPCR expression, with consideration of their advantages and disadvantages, as well as examples of receptors successfully expressed in these systems. Additionally, an overview is given on the use of detergents and the styrene maleic acid (SMA) co-polymer for membrane solubilisation, as well as purification techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Wiseman
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Abigail Otchere
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Jaimin H Patel
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Romez Uddin
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | | | - Sarah J Routledge
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Alice J Rothnie
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Cathy Slack
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - David R Poyner
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Roslyn M Bill
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Alan D Goddard
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
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Kim KM, Jung J. Upregulation of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor by Chrysin-Nanoparticles Inhibits Tumor Proliferation and Metastasis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Xenograft Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:560605. [PMID: 33042020 PMCID: PMC7522162 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.560605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with a high mortality rate among women globally. TNBC shows a high rate of recurrence and distant metastasis. Particularly, the chemotherapy is limited because hormone therapy of breast cancer is ineffective. Thus, an effective chemotherapeutic agent is needed for tumor suppression. Chrysin-nanoparticles (chrysin-NPs) were investigated for their inhibitory effect on a MDA-MB-231-derived xenograft model. To gain insight into the underlying mechanisms, we conducted human matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) array, western blot, and immunohistochemistry analysis. Furthermore, in vivo imaging was used to monitor the chemotherapeutic efficacy of chrysin-NPs in a metastasis mouse model. Chrysin-NPs significantly inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells via the PI3K/JNK pathway and induced cell death through the p53-apoptosis pathway, leading to delayed MDA-MB-231-derived tumor growth. Interestingly, chrysin-NPs significantly induced G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) expression, which suppresses MMPs and NF-κB expression. Chrysin-NPs acted as effective metastasis inhibitors. Our results suggest that chrysin-NPs may be used as an effective adjuvant formulation to inhibit TNBC progression.
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Loftis JM, Lasarev M, Shi X, Lapidus J, Janowsky A, Hoffman WF, Huckans M. Trace amine-associated receptor gene polymorphism increases drug craving in individuals with methamphetamine dependence. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220270. [PMID: 31600226 PMCID: PMC6786581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent agonist at the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). This study evaluated a common variant (CV) in the human TAAR1 gene, synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) V288V, to determine the involvement of TAAR1 in MA dependence. Methods Participants (n = 106) with active MA dependence (MA-ACT), in remission from MA dependence (MA-REM), with active polysubstance dependence, in remission from polysubstance dependence, and with no history of substance dependence completed neuropsychiatric symptom questionnaires and provided blood samples. In vitro expression and function of CV and wild type TAAR1 receptors were also measured. Results The V288V polymorphism demonstrated a 40% increase in TAAR1 protein expression in cell culture, but message sequence and protein function were unchanged, suggesting an increase in translation efficiency. Principal components analysis resolved neuropsychiatric symptoms into four components, PC1 (depression, anxiety, memory, and fatigue), PC2 (pain), PC3 (drug and alcohol craving), and PC4 (sleep disturbances). Analyses of study group and TAAR1 genotype revealed a significant interaction for PC3 (craving response) (p = 0.003). The control group showed no difference in PC3 associated with TAAR1, while adjusted mean craving for the MA-ACT and MA-REM groups, among those with at least one copy of V288V, was estimated to be, respectively, 1.55 (p = 0.036) and 1.77 (p = 0.071) times the adjusted mean craving for those without the TAAR1 SNP. Conclusions Neuroadaptation to chronic MA use may be altered by TAAR1 genotype and result in increased dopamine signaling and craving in individuals with the V288V genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Loftis
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Michael Lasarev
- Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Xiao Shi
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Jodi Lapidus
- Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - William F. Hoffman
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Marilyn Huckans
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States of America
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Jiang M, Ma X, Zhao Q, Li Y, Xing Y, Deng Q, Shen Y. The neuroprotective effects of novel estrogen receptor GPER1 in mouse retinal ganglion cell degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2019; 189:107826. [PMID: 31586450 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential protective effect of novel G protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER1) against the neurotoxicity induced by NMDA in the mouse retina. METHODS We induce retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) toxic injury through intravitreal injection of NMDA or acute ocular hypertension (AOH) induced by anterior chamber infusion with saline. Endogenous ligand 17-β-estradiol (E2), GPER1 agonist (G-1), and E2 with GPER1 antagonist (G-15) or classic estrogen receptor α and β (ERα and ERβ) antagonist tamoxifen (TAM) were subcutaneous administered before NMDA to identify the possible involved receptors. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to explore the survival of RGCs and Müller cell gliosis. TUNEL staining was used to evaluate the RGC apoptosis. The involved molecular pathway was detected via antibody array expression profiling. RESULTS Activation of estrogen receptor by E2 or G-1 could significantly rescue the RGCs injury in NMDA administration. The protective effect was carried exclusively by GPER1 activation. E2 application can still mimicked the protective function when estrogen receptor α and β (ERα and ERβ) blocked by tamoxifen (TAM), while the effects was blocked by GPER1 antagonist G-15. Moreover, the TUNEL positive RGCs and GFAP expression level were both attenuated in G-1 application and the effects could be reversed by G-15. In addition, application of the PI3K/Akt antagonist LY294002 counteracted the effect of G-1. And a number of apoptosis regulatory factors decreased dramatically in the G-1 group, including Bad, Caspase 3, Caspase 7, Smad2, P-53 and TAK1. Also, similar protective effect of G-1 was spotted in acute ocular hypertension (AOH) model. CONCLUSION Estrogen played a protective role via a novel estrogen receptor, GPER1, instead of classical receptors ERα or ERβ. Activation of GPER1 attenuated RGCs apoptosis and Müller cells gliosis, indicating GPER1 as a potential treatment target in RGCs degeneration diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Jiang
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xueyun Ma
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China; Urumqi City Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Hospital, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Li
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yiqiao Xing
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Qinqin Deng
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Yin Shen
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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Insel PA, Sriram K, Gorr MW, Wiley SZ, Michkov A, Salmerón C, Chinn AM. GPCRomics: An Approach to Discover GPCR Drug Targets. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:378-387. [PMID: 31078319 PMCID: PMC6604616 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are targets for ∼35% of approved drugs but only ∼15% of the ∼800 human GPCRs are currently such targets. GPCRomics, the use of unbiased, hypothesis-generating methods [e.g., RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq)], with tissues and cell types to identify and quantify GPCR expression, has led to the discovery of previously unrecognized GPCRs that contribute to functional responses and pathophysiology and that may be therapeutic targets. The combination of GPCR expression data with validation studies (e.g., signaling and functional activities) provides opportunities for the discovery of disease-relevant GPCR targets and therapeutics. Here, we review insights from GPCRomic approaches, gaps in knowledge, and future directions by which GPCRomics can advance GPCR biology and the discovery of new GPCR-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Insel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Krishna Sriram
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Matthew W Gorr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shu Z Wiley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexander Michkov
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cristina Salmerón
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amy M Chinn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Giulianelli R, Nardoni S, Bruzzese D, Falavolti C, Mirabile G, Bellangino M, Tema G, Gentile BC, Albanesi L, Buscarini M, Tariciotti P, Lombardo R. Urotensin II receptor expression in prostate cancer patients: A new possible marker. Prostate 2019; 79:288-294. [PMID: 30411388 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urotensin II receptor has been poorly studied in prostate cancer. To evaluate the expression of urotensin II receptor (UII-R) in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. METHODS Overall, we identified 140 patients treated with retropubic radical prostatectomy (RP) in one center. UII-R was evaluated in prostate biopsies with immunohistochemical staining, resulting in a granular cytoplasmic positivity, through automated system using the kit Urotensin II Receptor Detection System provided by Pharmabullet srl. Immunostained slides were independently and blindly evaluated by ten uro-pathologists. To evaluate UTII-R expression three different parameters were considered: localization, granules dimensions and intensity of expression. A score from 0 to 3 was applied to each parameter to obtain a score from 0 to 9. Each parameter and the total score were evaluated as predictors of high grade disease on surgical pathology and of advanced stage disease. Accuracy of total score for the prediction of upgrading and upstaging was analyzed using receiver operator characteristics curve and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS On radical prostatectomy 92/140 (66%) presented high grade disease on surgical pathology. Patients with high grade disease presented an apical distribution of the receptor, larger granules and a more intense expression when compared to patients with low grade disease. A well they presented a higher total score. Subscores and total scores were found to be predictors of upgrading and upstaging. On ROC analysis total score presented an AUC of 0.72 and 0.70, respectively, for the prediction of upgrading and upstaging. On DCA total score showed a clinical benefit in the prediction of adverse pathological outcomes. CONCLUSION Urotensin II receptor is a potential marker of adverse pathological outcomes. Further studies should confirm our data and evaluate its role as a prognostic marker.
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Rudenko O, Shang J, Munk A, Ekberg JP, Petersen N, Engelstoft MS, Egerod KL, Hjorth SA, Wu M, Feng Y, Zhou YP, Mokrosinski J, Thams P, Reimann F, Gribble F, Rehfeld JF, Holst JJ, Treebak JT, Howard AD, Schwartz TW. The aromatic amino acid sensor GPR142 controls metabolism through balanced regulation of pancreatic and gut hormones. Mol Metab 2019; 19:49-64. [PMID: 30472415 PMCID: PMC6323244 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES GPR142, which is highly expressed in pancreatic islets, has recently been deorphanized as a receptor for aromatic amino acids; however, its physiological role and pharmacological potential is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We find that GPR142 is expressed not only in β- but also in α-cells of the islets as well as in enteroendocrine cells, and we confirm that GPR142 is a highly selective sensor of essential aromatic amino acids, in particular Trp and oligopeptides with N-terminal Trp. GPR142 knock-out mice displayed a very limited metabolic phenotype but demonstrated that L-Trp induced secretion of pancreatic and gut hormones is mediated through GPR142 but that the receptor is not required for protein-induced hormone secretion. A synthetic GPR142 agonist stimulated insulin and glucagon as well as GIP, CCK, and GLP-1 secretion. In particular, GIP secretion was sensitive to oral administration of the GPR142 agonist an effect which in contrast to the other hormones was blocked by protein load. Oral administration of the GPR142 agonist increased [3H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake in muscle and fat depots mediated through insulin action while it lowered liver glycogen conceivably mediated through glucagon, and, consequently, it did not lower total blood glucose. Nevertheless, acute administration of the GPR142 agonist strongly improved oral glucose tolerance in both lean and obese mice as well as Zucker fatty rat. Six weeks in-feed chronic treatment with the GPR142 agonist did not affect body weight in DIO mice, but increased energy expenditure and carbohydrate utilization, lowered basal glucose, and improved insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS GPR142 functions as a sensor of aromatic amino acids, controlling GIP but also CCK and GLP-1 as well as insulin and glucagon in the pancreas. GPR142 agonists could have novel interesting potential in modifying metabolism through a balanced action of gut hormones as well as both insulin and glucagon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rudenko
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jin Shang
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hills Road, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Alexander Munk
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe P Ekberg
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalia Petersen
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja S Engelstoft
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer L Egerod
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siv A Hjorth
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margaret Wu
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hills Road, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Yue Feng
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hills Road, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Yun-Ping Zhou
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hills Road, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Jacek Mokrosinski
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Thams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frank Reimann
- Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Gribble
- Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Section of Translational Metabolic Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew D Howard
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hills Road, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Zhu X, Huang G, Jin P. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of aberrant G protein-couple receptor 110 (GPR110) expression in gastric cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 215:539-545. [PMID: 30638950 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GPR110 is a member of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor family, which has been identified as an oncogene in various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, prostatic cancer and glioma. Whereas the expression and the clinical relevance of GPR110 in gastric cancer has not been investigated. The research purpose of this study was to explore the expression pattern of GPR110 and evaluate its clinical-pathological and prognostic value in gastric cancer. METHODS In this study, the expression of GPR110 was detected in 117 paired gastric cancer tissues and adjacent non-tumorous tissues by using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical assays. Univariate Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox analysis were used to determine the prognostic value of GPR110 in GC. RESULTS We demonstrated that the mRNA and protein levels of GPR110 in GC tissues were overexpressed than the adjacent non-tumorous tissues. Furthermore, elevated GPR110 protein expression was correlated with decreased overall and recurrence-free survival (P = 0.001 and P = 0.000, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that GPR110 protein level may serve as an independent prognostic indicator for determining prognosis of GC patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that high expression of GPR110 predicts the poor prognosis of GC patients, and GPTR110 may function as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolian Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 9 Jianmin Road, Taozhu street, Zhuji, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Pengfei Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China.
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Ignatov T, Claus M, Nass N, Haybaeck J, Seifert B, Kalinski T, Ortmann O, Ignatov A. G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER-1 expression in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer is associated with poor benefit of tamoxifen. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 174:121-127. [PMID: 30478785 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-5064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1) in the development of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer is a highly controversial issue. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of GPER-1 in the clinical routine under conditions of endocrine treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS GPER-1 expression was analyzed in 442 patients with primary invasive breast cancer. GPER-1 score of > 3 was determined as positive. Expression data were correlated with clinical and pathological characteristics and patient survival. RESULTS GPER-1 expression was observed in 352 (80.9%) cases, and positively correlated with estrogen and progesterone receptor status (p = 0.0001). GPER-1 positivity was associated with an increased grade of differentiation (p = 0.0001) and with a low level of Ki-67 expression (p = 0.0001). High GPER-1 expression was associated with a decreased level upon systemic treatment (p = 0.011). In the whole cohort, GPER-1 expression was associated with prolonged disease-free survival (DFS). DFS between tamoxifen- and aromatase inhibitor-treated GPER-1-positive patients was similar (p = 0.090). Notably, after matching the analysis for the most important prognostic factors, DFS for tamoxifen-treated GPER-1-positive patients was 69.1%, which is a percentage that is significantly lower compared to DFS for GPER-1-positive patients treated with aromatase inhibitors (92.7%) (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION GPER-1 expression is a favorable prognostic factor in breast cancer patients. Its predictive role for poor benefit form tamoxifen treatment should be investigated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Ignatov
- Reproductive Center, KITZ, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Claus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Nass
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Kalinski
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Pathology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Atanas Ignatov
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Liu C, Yang CX, Chen XR, Liu BX, Li Y, Wang XZ, Sun W, Li P, Kong XQ. Alamandine attenuates hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy in hypertensive rats. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1071-1081. [PMID: 29752563 PMCID: PMC6060955 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of the peptide alamandine has antihypertensive and anti-fibrotic effects in rats. This work aimed to determine whether subcutaneous alamandine injection would attenuate hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy, and improve the function of a major target of hypertension-related damage, the left ventricle (LV), in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). This was examined in vivo in SHRs and normotensive rats subjected to 6-week subcutaneous infusion of alamandine or saline control, and in vitro in H9C2-derived and primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes treated with angiotensin (Ang) II to model cardiac hypertrophy. Tail artery blood pressure measurement and transthoracic echocardiography showed that hypertension and impaired LV function in SHRs were ameliorated upon alamandine infusion. Alamandine administration also decreased the mass gains of heart and lung in SHRs, suppressed cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area expansion, and inhibited the mRNA levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide. The expression of alamandine receptor Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor, member D was increased in SHR hearts and in cardiomyocytes treated with Ang II. Alamandine inhibited the increases of protein kinase A (PKA) levels in the heart in SHRs and in cardiomyocytes treated with Ang II. In conclusion, the present study showed that alamandine administration attenuates hypertension, alleviates cardiac hypertrophy, and improves LV function. PKA signaling may be involved in the mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xi-Ru Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Bo-Xun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Xiang-Qing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Suzuki K, Murano T, Shimizu H, Ito G, Nakata T, Fujii S, Ishibashi F, Kawamoto A, Anzai S, Kuno R, Kuwabara K, Takahashi J, Hama M, Nagata S, Hiraguri Y, Takenaka K, Yui S, Tsuchiya K, Nakamura T, Ohtsuka K, Watanabe M, Okamoto R. Single cell analysis of Crohn's disease patient-derived small intestinal organoids reveals disease activity-dependent modification of stem cell properties. J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:1035-1047. [PMID: 29374777 PMCID: PMC6132922 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-018-1437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) play indispensable roles in the maintenance of homeostasis, and also in the regeneration of the damaged intestinal epithelia. However, whether the inflammatory environment of Crohn's disease (CD) affects properties of resident small intestinal stem cells remain uncertain. METHODS CD patient-derived small intestinal organoids were established from enteroscopic biopsy specimens taken from active lesions (aCD-SIO), or from mucosa under remission (rCD-SIO). Expression of ISC-marker genes in those organoids was examined by immunohistochemistry, and also by microfluid-based single-cell multiplex gene expression analysis. The ISC-specific function of organoid cells was evaluated using a single-cell organoid reformation assay. RESULTS ISC-marker genes, OLFM4 and SLC12A2, were expressed by an increased number of small intestinal epithelial cells in the active lesion of CD. aCD-SIOs, rCD-SIOs or those of non-IBD controls (NI-SIOs) were successfully established from 9 patients. Immunohistochemistry showed a comparable level of OLFM4 and SLC12A2 expression in all organoids. Single-cell gene expression data of 12 ISC-markers were acquired from a total of 1215 cells. t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding analysis identified clusters of candidate ISCs, and also revealed a distinct expression pattern of SMOC2 and LGR5 in ISC-cluster classified cells derived from aCD-SIOs. Single-cell organoid reformation assays showed significantly higher reformation efficiency by the cells of the aCD-SIOs compared with that of cells from NI-SIOs. CONCLUSIONS aCD-SIOs harbor ISCs with modified marker expression profiles, and also with high organoid reformation ability. Results suggest modification of small intestinal stem cell properties by unidentified factors in the inflammatory environment of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Murano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Go Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Toru Nakata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Satoru Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ishibashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ami Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Sho Anzai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Reiko Kuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Konomi Kuwabara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Junichi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Minami Hama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yui Hiraguri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kento Takenaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shiro Yui
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics in GI Diseases, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ohtsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
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20
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Mashanov V, Zueva O, Mashanova D, García-Arrarás JE. Expression of stem cell factors in the adult sea cucumber digestive tube. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 370:427-440. [PMID: 28986650 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Homeostatic cell turnover has been extensively characterized in mammals. In their adult tissues, lost or aging differentiated cells are replenished by a self-renewing cohort of stem cells. The stem cells have been particularly well studied in the intestine and are clearly identified by the expression of marker genes including Lgr5 and Bmi1. It is, however, unknown if the established principles of tissue renewal learned from mammals would be operating in non-mammalian systems. Here, we study homeostatic cell turnover in the sea cucumber digestive tube, the organ with high tissue plasticity even in adult animals. Both the luminal epithelium and mesothelium express orthologs of mammalian Lgr5 and Bmi1. However, unlike in mammals, there is no segregation of these positively labeled cells to specific regions in the luminal epithelium, where most of the cell proliferation would take place. In the mesothelium, the cells expressing the stem cell markers are tentatively identified as peritoneocytes. There are significant differences among the five anatomical gut regions in cell renewal dynamics and stem factor expression. The cloaca differs from the rest of the digestive tube as the region with the highest expression of the Lgr5 ortholog, lowest level of Bmi1 and the longest retention of BrdU-labeled cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mashanov
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.
- University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Olga Zueva
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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21
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Muñoz-Sánchez MÁ, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Egea-Guerrero JJ, Gordillo-Escobar E, Vilches-Arenas Á, Carrillo-Vico A, Guerrero JM, Murillo-Cabezas F. Urotensinergic system genes in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Med Intensiva 2017; 41:468-474. [PMID: 28081921 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebral vasospasm, one of the main complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), is characterized by arterial constriction and mainly occurs from day 4 until the second week after the event. Urotensin-II (U-II) has been described as the most potent vasoconstrictor peptide in mammals. An analysis is made of the serum U-II concentrations and mRNA expression levels of U-II, urotensin related peptide (URP) and urotensin receptor (UT) genes in an experimental murine model of SAH. DESIGN An experimental study was carried out. SETTING Experimental operating room of the Biomedicine Institute of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital (Seville, Spain). PARTICIPANTS 96 Wistar rats: 74 SAH and 22 sham intervention animals. INTERVENTIONS Day 1: blood sampling, followed by the percutaneous injection of 100μl saline (sham) or blood (SAH) into the subarachnoid space. Day 5: blood sampling, followed by sacrifice of the animals. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST Weight, early mortality, serum U-II levels, mRNA values for U-II, URP and UT. RESULTS Serum U-II levels increased in the SAH group from day 1 (0.62pg/mL [IQR 0.36-1.08]) to day 5 (0.74pg/mL [IQR 0.39-1.43]) (p<0.05), though not in the sham group (0.56pg/mL [IQR 0.06-0.83] day 1; 0.37pg/mL [IQR 0.23-0.62] day 5; p=0.959). Between-group differences were found on day 5 (p<0.05). The ROC analysis showed that the day 5 serum U-II levels (AUC=0.691), URP mRNA (AUC=0.706) and UT mRNA (AUC=0.713) could discriminate between sham and SAH rats. The normal serum U-II concentration range in rats was 0.56pg/mL (IQR 0.06-0.83). CONCLUSION The urotensinergic system is upregulated on day 5 in an experimental model of SAH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Peptide Hormones/biosynthesis
- Peptide Hormones/blood
- Peptide Hormones/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- ROC Curve
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/biosynthesis
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/blood
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/complications
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/genetics
- Urotensins/biosynthesis
- Urotensins/blood
- Urotensins/genetics
- Vasoconstriction/genetics
- Vasospasm, Intracranial/etiology
- Vasospasm, Intracranial/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- M Á Muñoz-Sánchez
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, IBIS/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Cuidados Críticos, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, IBIS/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
| | - J J Egea-Guerrero
- Cuidados Críticos, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, IBIS/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - E Gordillo-Escobar
- Cuidados Críticos, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, IBIS/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Á Vilches-Arenas
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Hospital Virgen Macarena, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Carrillo-Vico
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquimica Médica, Biología molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - J M Guerrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquimica Médica, Biología molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - F Murillo-Cabezas
- Cuidados Críticos, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, IBIS/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
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22
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Vollmer LL, Ghosal S, McGuire JL, Ahlbrand RL, Li KY, Santin JM, Ratliff-Rang CA, Patrone LGA, Rush J, Lewkowich IP, Herman JP, Putnam RW, Sah R. Microglial Acid Sensing Regulates Carbon Dioxide-Evoked Fear. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:541-51. [PMID: 27422366 PMCID: PMC5014599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon dioxide (CO2) inhalation, a biological challenge and pathologic marker in panic disorder, evokes intense fear and panic attacks in susceptible individuals. The molecular identity and anatomic location of CO2-sensing systems that translate CO2-evoked fear remain unclear. We investigated contributions of microglial acid sensor T cell death-associated gene-8 (TDAG8) and microglial proinflammatory responses in CO2-evoked behavioral and physiological responses. METHODS CO2-evoked freezing, autonomic, and respiratory responses were assessed in TDAG8-deficient ((-/-)) and wild-type ((+/+)) mice. Involvement of TDAG8-dependent microglial activation and proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β with CO2-evoked responses was investigated using microglial blocker, minocycline, and IL-1β antagonist IL-1RA. CO2-chemosensitive firing responses using single-cell patch clamping were measured in TDAG8(-/-) and TDAG8(+/+) mice to gain functional insights. RESULTS TDAG8 expression was localized in microglia enriched within the sensory circumventricular organs. TDAG8(-/-) mice displayed attenuated CO2-evoked freezing and sympathetic responses. TDAG8 deficiency was associated with reduced microglial activation and proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β within the subfornical organ. Central infusion of microglial activation blocker minocycline and IL-1β antagonist IL-1RA attenuated CO2-evoked freezing. Finally, CO2-evoked neuronal firing in patch-clamped subfornical organ neurons was dependent on acid sensor TDAG8 and IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS Our data identify TDAG8-dependent microglial acid sensing as a unique chemosensor for detecting and translating hypercapnia to fear-associated behavioral and physiological responses, providing a novel mechanism for homeostatic threat detection of relevance to psychiatric conditions such as panic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Larke Vollmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati
| | - Sriparna Ghosal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati
| | - Jennifer L McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati
| | - Rebecca L Ahlbrand
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati
| | - Ke-Yong Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton
| | - Joseph M Santin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton
| | | | - Luis G A Patrone
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, São Paulo State University, FCAV, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Rush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati
| | - Ian P Lewkowich
- Division of Immunobiology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
| | - James P Herman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati
| | - Robert W Putnam
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton
| | - Renu Sah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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23
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Auguste S, Fisette A, Fernandes MF, Hryhorczuk C, Poitout V, Alquier T, Fulton S. Central Agonism of GPR120 Acutely Inhibits Food Intake and Food Reward and Chronically Suppresses Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw014. [PMID: 26888796 PMCID: PMC4966276 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GPR120 (FFAR4) is a G-protein coupled receptor implicated in the development of obesity and the antiinflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects of omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids. Increasing central ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels has been shown to have both anorectic and anxiolytic actions. Despite the strong clinical interest in GPR120, its role in the brain is largely unknown, and thus we sought to determine the impact of central GPR120 pharmacological activation on energy balance, food reward, and anxiety-like behavior. METHODS Male C57Bl/6 mice with intracerebroventricular cannulae received a single injection (0.1 or 1 µM) or continuous 2-week infusion (1 µM/d; mini-pump) of a GPR120 agonist or vehicle. Free-feeding intake, operant lever-pressing for palatable food, energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry), and body weight were measured. GPR120 mRNA expression was measured in pertinent brain areas. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed in the elevated-plus maze and open field test. RESULTS GPR120 agonist injections substantially reduced chow intake during 4 hours postinjection, suppressed the rewarding effects of high-fat/-sugar food, and blunted approach-avoidance behavior in the open field. Conversely, prolonged central GPR120 agonist infusions reduced anxiety-like behavior in the elevated-plus maze and open field, yet failed to affect free-feeding intake, energy expenditure, and body weight on a high-fat diet. CONCLUSION Acute reductions in food intake and food reward suggest that GPR120 could mediate the effects of central ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to inhibit appetite. The anxiolytic effect elicited by GPR120 agonist infusions favors the testing of compounds that can enter the brain to activate GPR120 for the mitigation of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Auguste
- CRCHUM & Montreal Diabetes Research Center (Drs Auguste, Fisette, and Fernandes, Ms Hryhorczuk, and Drs Poitout, Alquier, and Fulton); Department of Nutrition (Drs Auguste, Fisette, and Fulton), Department of Physiology (Dr Fernandes and Ms Hryhorczuk), and Department of Medicine (Drs Poitout and Alquier), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Alexandre Fisette
- CRCHUM & Montreal Diabetes Research Center (Drs Auguste, Fisette, and Fernandes, Ms Hryhorczuk, and Drs Poitout, Alquier, and Fulton); Department of Nutrition (Drs Auguste, Fisette, and Fulton), Department of Physiology (Dr Fernandes and Ms Hryhorczuk), and Department of Medicine (Drs Poitout and Alquier), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria F Fernandes
- CRCHUM & Montreal Diabetes Research Center (Drs Auguste, Fisette, and Fernandes, Ms Hryhorczuk, and Drs Poitout, Alquier, and Fulton); Department of Nutrition (Drs Auguste, Fisette, and Fulton), Department of Physiology (Dr Fernandes and Ms Hryhorczuk), and Department of Medicine (Drs Poitout and Alquier), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Hryhorczuk
- CRCHUM & Montreal Diabetes Research Center (Drs Auguste, Fisette, and Fernandes, Ms Hryhorczuk, and Drs Poitout, Alquier, and Fulton); Department of Nutrition (Drs Auguste, Fisette, and Fulton), Department of Physiology (Dr Fernandes and Ms Hryhorczuk), and Department of Medicine (Drs Poitout and Alquier), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- CRCHUM & Montreal Diabetes Research Center (Drs Auguste, Fisette, and Fernandes, Ms Hryhorczuk, and Drs Poitout, Alquier, and Fulton); Department of Nutrition (Drs Auguste, Fisette, and Fulton), Department of Physiology (Dr Fernandes and Ms Hryhorczuk), and Department of Medicine (Drs Poitout and Alquier), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thierry Alquier
- CRCHUM & Montreal Diabetes Research Center (Drs Auguste, Fisette, and Fernandes, Ms Hryhorczuk, and Drs Poitout, Alquier, and Fulton); Department of Nutrition (Drs Auguste, Fisette, and Fulton), Department of Physiology (Dr Fernandes and Ms Hryhorczuk), and Department of Medicine (Drs Poitout and Alquier), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Fulton
- CRCHUM & Montreal Diabetes Research Center (Drs Auguste, Fisette, and Fernandes, Ms Hryhorczuk, and Drs Poitout, Alquier, and Fulton); Department of Nutrition (Drs Auguste, Fisette, and Fulton), Department of Physiology (Dr Fernandes and Ms Hryhorczuk), and Department of Medicine (Drs Poitout and Alquier), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
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24
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Cai X, Zhu C, Xu Y, Jing Y, Yuan Y, Wang L, Wang S, Zhu X, Gao P, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Shu G. Alpha-ketoglutarate promotes skeletal muscle hypertrophy and protein synthesis through Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26802. [PMID: 27225984 PMCID: PMC4881026 DOI: 10.1038/srep26802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle weight loss is accompanied by small fiber size and low protein content. Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) participates in protein and nitrogen metabolism. The effect of AKG on skeletal muscle hypertrophy has not yet been tested, and its underlying mechanism is yet to be determined. In this study, we demonstrated that AKG (2%) increased the gastrocnemius muscle weight and fiber diameter in mice. Our in vitro study also confirmed that AKG dose increased protein synthesis in C2C12 myotubes, which could be effectively blocked by the antagonists of Akt and mTOR. The effects of AKG on skeletal muscle protein synthesis were independent of glutamate, its metabolite. We tested the expression of GPR91 and GPR99. The result demonstrated that C2C12 cells expressed GPR91, which could be upregulated by AKG. GPR91 knockdown abolished the effect of AKG on protein synthesis but failed to inhibit protein degradation. These findings demonstrated that AKG promoted skeletal muscle hypertrophy via Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, GPR91 might be partially attributed to AKG-induced skeletal muscle protein synthesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Glutamic Acid/metabolism
- Glutamic Acid/pharmacology
- Hypertrophy/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy/metabolism
- Ketoglutaric Acids/pharmacology
- Ketoglutaric Acids/toxicity
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Muscle Proteins/biosynthesis
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/physiology
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/biosynthesis
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcai Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Yaqiong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jing
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Yexian Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Lina Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Ping Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
- ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Gang Shu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
- ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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Ferreira VM, Passos CS, Maquigussa E, Pontes RB, Bergamaschi CT, Campos RR, Boim MA. Chronic Nicotine Exposure Abolishes Maternal Systemic and Renal Adaptations to Pregnancy in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150096. [PMID: 26914675 PMCID: PMC4768004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is characterized by maternal systemic and intrarenal vasodilation, leading to increases in the renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). These responses are mainly mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and relaxin. The impact of cigarette smoking on the maternal adaptations to pregnancy is unclear. Here we evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to nicotine on systemic and intrarenal parameters in virgin (V) and 14-day pregnant (P) Wistar rats. V and P groups received saline or nicotine (6 mg·kg-1·day-1) respectively, via osmotic minipumps for 28 days, starting 14 days before pregnancy induction. Nicotine induced a 10% increase in blood pressure in the V group and minimized the characteristic pregnancy-induced hypotension. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (rSNA) and baroreflex sensitivity were impaired by nicotine mainly in the P group, indicating that the effect of nicotine on blood pressure was not mediated by nervous system stimulation. Nicotine had no effect on GFR in the V rats but reduced GFR of the P group by 30%. Renal expression of sodium and water transporters was downregulated by nicotine, resulting in increased fractional sodium excretion mainly in the P group, suggesting that nicotine compromised the sodium and water retention required for normal gestation. There was a reduction in the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in both the kidney tissue and renal artery, as well as in the expression of the relaxin receptor (LGR7). These results clearly show that nicotine induced deleterious effects in both virgin and pregnant animals, and abolished the maternal capacity to adapt to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Meira Ferreira
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clevia Santos Passos
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar Maquigussa
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Braz Pontes
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassia Toledo Bergamaschi
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruy Ribeiro Campos
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian Aparecida Boim
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Latorre R, Huynh J, Mazzoni M, Gupta A, Bonora E, Clavenzani P, Chang L, Mayer EA, De Giorgio R, Sternini C. Expression of the Bitter Taste Receptor, T2R38, in Enteroendocrine Cells of the Colonic Mucosa of Overweight/Obese vs. Lean Subjects. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147468. [PMID: 26866366 PMCID: PMC4750998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are expressed in the mammalian gastrointestinal mucosa. In the mouse colon, T2R138 is localized to enteroendocrine cells and is upregulated by long-term high fat diet that induces obesity. The aims of this study were to test whether T2R38 expression is altered in overweight/obese (OW/OB) compared to normal weight (NW) subjects and characterize the cell types expressing T2R38, the human counterpart of mouse T2R138, in human colon. Colonic mucosal biopsies were obtained during colonoscopy from 35 healthy subjects (20 OW/OB and 15 NW) and processed for quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry using antibodies to T2R38, chromogranin A (CgA), glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin (CCK), or peptide YY (PYY). T2R38 mRNA levels in the colonic mucosa of OW/OB were increased (> 2 fold) compared to NW subjects but did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.06). However, the number of T2R38 immunoreactive (IR) cells was significantly increased in OW/OB vs. NW subjects (P = 0.01) and was significantly correlated with BMI values (r = 0.7557; P = 0.001). In both OW/OB and NW individuals, all T2R38-IR cells contained CgA-IR supporting they are enteroendocrine. In both groups, T2R38-IR colocalized with CCK-, GLP1- or PYY-IR. The overall CgA-IR cell population was comparable in OW/OB and NW individuals. This study shows that T2R38 is expressed in distinct populations of enteroendocrine cells in the human colonic mucosa and supports T2R38 upregulation in OW/OB subjects. T2R38 might mediate host functional responses to increased energy balance and intraluminal changes occurring in obesity, which could involve peptide release from enteroendocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Latorre
- CURE/DDRC, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Huynh
- CURE/DDRC, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Maurizio Mazzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arpana Gupta
- Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Elena Bonora
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Clavenzani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lin Chang
- CURE/DDRC, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Emeran A. Mayer
- CURE/DDRC, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Catia Sternini
- CURE/DDRC, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormonal effects on the gubernaculum can affect testicular descent. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a nonsteroidal synthetic estrogen that disrupts the outgrowth of gubernaculums, leading to testis maldescent. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. MATERIAL AND METHODS The gubernaculum were removed from 3-day-old mice and cultured. The subcultured cells were randomly divided into a normal control group and experimental groups. The DES groups were administered 10 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, 0.1 μg/ml, 0.01 μg/ml of diethylstilbestrol dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) respectively. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope, and leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 8 (LGR8) was localized by immunofluorescence. The expressions of LGR8 gene and protein in gubernaculum cells were quantified by RT-PCR and Flow Cytometer respectively. RESULTS DES treatment converted cells from a normal fibroblast-like morphology into a more refractile, spindle-shaped morphology or irregular elliptical shapes along with cytoplasmic shrinkage. LGR8 was expressed in the cytoplasmic membrane, DES dose-dependently downregulated LGR8 expression at low doses (≤1.0 μg/ml), but upregulated LGR8 at high doses (10 μg/ml) at both the mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that DES causes testicular maldescent by altering the LGR8 pathway in mouse gubernaculum testis cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouxing Duan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xuewu Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zongbo Sun
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shuhua Ma
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Corresponding Authors: Shuhua Ma, e-mail: ; Jianhong Li, e-mail:
| | - Jianhong Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Kaplowitz ET, Savenkova M, Karatsoreos IN, Romeo RD. Somatic and Neuroendocrine Changes in Response to Chronic Corticosterone Exposure During Adolescence in Male and Female Rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28:12336. [PMID: 26568535 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged stress and repeated activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can result in many sex-dependent behavioural and metabolic changes in rats, including alterations in feeding behaviour and reduced body weight. In adults, these effects of stress can be mimicked by corticosterone, a major output of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and recapitulate the stress-induced sex difference, such that corticosterone-treated males show greater weight loss than females. Similar to adults, chronic stress during adolescence leads to reduced weight gain, particularly in males. However, it is currently unknown whether corticosterone mediates this somatic change and whether additional measures of neuroendocrine function are affected by chronic corticosterone exposure during adolescence in a sex-dependent manner. Therefore, we examined the effects of non-invasively administered corticosterone (150 or 300 μg/ml) in the drinking water of male and female rats throughout adolescent development (30-58 days of age). We found that adolescent animals exposed to chronic corticosterone gain significantly less weight than controls, which may be partly mediated by the effects of corticosterone on food consumption, fluid intake and gonadal hormone function. Our data further show that, despite similar circulating corticosterone levels, males demonstrate a greater sensitivity to these changes than females. We also found that Npy1 and Npy5 receptor mRNA expression, genes implicated in appetite regulation, was significantly reduced in the ventral medial hypothalamus of corticosterone-treated males and females compared to controls. Finally, parameters of gonadal function, such as plasma sex steroid concentrations and weight of reproductive tissues, were reduced by adolescent corticosterone treatment, although only in males. The data obtained in the present study indicate that chronic corticosterone exposure throughout adolescent development results in significant and sex-dependent somatic and neuroendocrine changes, and the results also provide an experimental framework for further investigating the impact of corticosterone on metabolic and neuroendocrine function during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Kaplowitz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Savenkova
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - I N Karatsoreos
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - R D Romeo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
QRFP is expressed in central and peripheral regions important for nutrient intake and metabolism. Central administration of QRFP-26 and QRFP-43 induces a macronutrient specific increase in the intake of high fat diet in male and female rats. Recently, cell culture models have indicated that QRFP-26 and QRFP-43 are involved in glucose and fatty acid uptake in pancreatic islets and adipocytes. Since skeletal muscle is a major consumer of circulating glucose and a primary contributor to whole body metabolism, the current study examined the effects of QRFP-26 and QRFP-43 on insulin-stimulated uptake of glucose in skeletal muscle using L6 myotubes. The current experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that QRFP and its receptors, GPR103a and GPR103b are expressed in L6 myotubes and that QRFP-26 and QRFP-43 affect insulin-stimulated uptake of glucose in L6 myotubes. The results indicate that prepro-QRFP mRNA and GPR103a mRNA are expressed in L6 cells, though GPR103b mRNA was not detected. Using complementary assays, co-incubation with QRFP-26, increased insulin's ability to induce glycogen synthesis and 2-deoxyglucose uptake in L6 cells. These data suggest that QRFP-26, but not QRFP-43, is involved in the metabolic effects of skeletal muscle and may enhance insulin's effects on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. These data support a role for QRFP as a modulator of nutrient intake in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Allerton
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Stefany D Primeaux
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States; Joint Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism Program, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States.
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30
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Zhang XL, Shi HJ, Wang JP, Tang HS, Cui SZ. MiR-218 inhibits multidrug resistance (MDR) of gastric cancer cells by targeting Hedgehog/smoothened. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:6397-6406. [PMID: 26261515 PMCID: PMC4525849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main obstacle to successful chemotherapy for patients with gastric cancer. The microRNA miR-218 influences various pathobiological processes in gastric cancer, and its down-regulation in this disease raises the question of whether it normally inhibits MDR. In this study we observed that two MDR gastric cancer cell lines showed lower expression of miR-218 compared with their chemosensitive parental cell line. Overexpressing miR-218 chemosensitizes gastric cancer cells, slowed efflux of adriamycin, and accelerated drug-induced apoptosis. We identified the smoothened (SMO) gene as a functional target of miR-218, and found that SMO overexpression counteracts the chemosensitizing effects of miR-218. These findings suggest that miR-218 inhibits MDR of gastric cancer cells by down-regulating SMO expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Liang Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery (Section 2), Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University 78 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, China
| | - Hui-Juan Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University 58 Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ji-Ping Wang
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School and Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hong-Sheng Tang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery (Section 2), Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University 78 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, China
| | - Shu-Zhong Cui
- Department of Abdominal Surgery (Section 2), Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University 78 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, China
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31
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Fu SP, Liu BR, Wang JF, Xue WJ, Liu HM, Zeng YL, Huang BX, Li SN, Lv QK, Wang W, Liu JX. β-Hydroxybutyric acid inhibits growth hormone-releasing hormone synthesis and secretion through the GPR109A/extracellular signal-regulated 1/2 signalling pathway in the hypothalamus. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:212-22. [PMID: 25580562 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
β-Hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) has recently been shown to regulate hormone synthesis and secretion in the hypothalamus. However, little is known about the effects of BHBA-mediated hormone regulation or the detailed mechanisms by which BHBA regulates growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) synthesis and secretion. In the present study, we examined the expression of the BHBA receptor GPR109A in primary hypothalamic cell cultures. We hypothesised that BHBA regulates GHRH via GPR109A and its downstream signals. Initial in vivo studies conducted in rats demonstrated that GHRH mRNA expression in the hypothalamus was strongly inversely correlated with BHBA levels in the cerebrospinal fluid during postnatal development (r = -0.89, P < 0.01). Furthermore, i.c.v. administration of BHBA acutely decreased GHRH mRNA expression in rats. Further in vitro studies revealed a decrease in GHRH synthesis and secretion in primary hypothalamic cells after treatment with BHBA; this effect was inhibited when hypothalamic cells were pretreated with pertussis toxin (PTX). BHBA had no effect on GHRH synthesis and secretion in GT1-7 cells, which do not exhibit cell surface expression of GPR109A. Furthermore, BHBA acutely decreased the transcription of the homeobox gene for Gsh-1 in the hypothalamus in both in vivo and in vitro, and this effect was also inhibited by PTX in vitro. In primary hypothalamic cells, BHBA activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinases, as shown by western blot analysis. Moreover, inhibition of ERK1/2 with U0126 attenuated the BHBA-mediated reduction in Gsh-1 expression and GHRH synthesis and secretion. These results strongly suggest that BHBA directly regulates GHRH synthesis and secretion via the GPR109A/ERK1/2 MAPK pathway, and also that Gsh-1 is essential for this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-P Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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32
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Banas M, Zegar A, Kwitniewski M, Zabieglo K, Marczynska J, Kapinska-Mrowiecka M, LaJevic M, Zabel BA, Cichy J. The expression and regulation of chemerin in the epidermis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117830. [PMID: 25659101 PMCID: PMC4320080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemerin is a protein ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor CMKLR1 and also binds to two atypical heptahelical receptors, CCRL2 and GPR1. Chemerin is a leukocyte attractant, adipokine, and antimicrobial protein. Although chemerin was initially identified as a highly expressed gene in healthy skin keratinocytes that was downregulated during psoriasis, the regulation of chemerin and its receptors in the skin by specific cytokines and microbial factors remains unexplored. Here we show that chemerin, CMKLR1, CCRL2 and GPR1 are expressed in human and mouse epidermis, suggesting that this tissue may be both a source and target for chemerin mediated effects. In human skin cultures, chemerin is significantly downregulated by IL-17 and IL-22, key cytokines implicated in psoriasis, whereas it is upregulated by acute phase cytokines oncostatin M and IL-1β. Moreover, we show that human keratinocytes in vitro and mouse skin in vivo respond to specific microbial signals to regulate expression levels of chemerin and its receptors. Furthermore, in a cutaneous infection model, chemerin is required for maximal bactericidal effects in vivo. Together, our findings reveal previously uncharacterized regulators of chemerin expression in skin and identify a physiologic role for chemerin in skin barrier defense against microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Banas
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta Zegar
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kwitniewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zabieglo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Marczynska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Melissa LaJevic
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Brian A. Zabel
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Increased orosensory stimulation from palatable diets and decreased feedback from gut signals have been proposed as contributing factors to obesity development. Whether altered taste functions associated with obesity are common traits or acquired deficits to environmental factors, such as a high-energy (HE)-diet, however, is not clear. To address this, we examined preference and sensitivity of increasing concentrations of sucrose solutions in rats prone (OP) and resistant (OR) to obesity during chow and HE feeding and measured lingual gene expression of the sweet taste receptor T1R3. When chow-fed, OP rats exhibited reduced preference and acceptance of dilute sucrose solutions, sham-fed less sucrose compared to OR rats, and had reduced lingual T1R3 gene expression. HE-feeding abrogated differences in sucrose preference and intake and lingual T1R3 expression between phenotypes. Despite similar sucrose intakes however, OP rats consumed significantly more total calories during 48-h two-bottle testing compared to OR rats. The results demonstrate that OP rats have an innate deficit for sweet taste detection, as illustrated by a reduction in sensitivity to sweets and reduced T1R3 gene expression; however their hyperphagia and subsequent obesity during HE-feeding is most likely not due to altered consumption of sweets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A. Duca
- UMR 1319 MICALIS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherche de Jouy-, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Timothy D. Swartz
- UMR 1319 MICALIS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherche de Jouy-, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mihai Covasa
- UMR 1319 MICALIS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherche de Jouy-, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- Department of Human Health and Development, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- * E-mail:
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Chen Q, Cao HZ, Zheng PS. LGR5 promotes the proliferation and tumor formation of cervical cancer cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2014; 5:9092-105. [PMID: 25193857 PMCID: PMC4253421 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), a seven transmembrane receptor known as a potential stem cell marker for intestinal crypts and hair follicles, has recently been found to be overexpressed in some types of human cancers. However, the role of LGR5 in cervical cancer remains unclear. In this study, the expression of LGR5 gradually increases from normal cervix to cervical cancer in situ and to cervical cancers as revealed by immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses. Through knocking down or overexpressing LGR5 in SiHa and HeLa cells, the expression level of LGR5 was found to be positively related to cell proliferation in vitro and to tumor formation in vivo. Further investigation indicated that LGR5 protein could significantly promote the acceleration of cell cycle. Moreover, the TOP-Flash reporter assay and western blot for β-catenin, cyclinD1, and c-myc proteins, target genes of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, indicated that LGR5 significantly activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Additionally, the blockage of Wnt/β-catenin pathway resulted in a significant inhibition of cell proliferation induced by LGR5. Taken together, these results demonstrate that LGR5 can promote proliferation and tumor formation in cervical cancer cells by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi'an, the People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi'an, the People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Zhe Cao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi'an, the People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi'an, the People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi'an, the People's Republic of China
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi'an, the People's Republic of China
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van der Wielen N, van Avesaat M, de Wit NJW, Vogels JTWE, Troost F, Masclee A, Koopmans SJ, van der Meulen J, Boekschoten MV, Müller M, Hendriks HFJ, Witkamp RF, Meijerink J. Cross-species comparison of genes related to nutrient sensing mechanisms expressed along the intestine. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107531. [PMID: 25216051 PMCID: PMC4162619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intestinal chemosensory receptors and transporters are able to detect food-derived molecules and are involved in the modulation of gut hormone release. Gut hormones play an important role in the regulation of food intake and the control of gastrointestinal functioning. This mechanism is often referred to as "nutrient sensing". Knowledge of the distribution of chemosensors along the intestinal tract is important to gain insight in nutrient detection and sensing, both pivotal processes for the regulation of food intake. However, most knowledge is derived from rodents, whereas studies in man and pig are limited, and cross-species comparisons are lacking. AIM To characterize and compare intestinal expression patterns of genes related to nutrient sensing in mice, pigs and humans. METHODS Mucosal biopsy samples taken at six locations in human intestine (n = 40) were analyzed by qPCR. Intestinal scrapings from 14 locations in pigs (n = 6) and from 10 locations in mice (n = 4) were analyzed by qPCR and microarray, respectively. The gene expression of glucagon, cholecystokinin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor, taste receptor T1R3, sodium/glucose cotransporter, peptide transporter-1, GPR120, taste receptor T1R1, GPR119 and GPR93 was investigated. Partial least squares (PLS) modeling was used to compare the intestinal expression pattern between the three species. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The studied genes were found to display specific expression patterns along the intestinal tract. PLS analysis showed a high similarity between human, pig and mouse in the expression of genes related to nutrient sensing in the distal ileum, and between human and pig in the colon. The gene expression pattern was most deviating between the species in the proximal intestine. Our results give new insights in interspecies similarities and provide new leads for translational research and models aiming to modulate food intake processes in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikkie van der Wielen
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 9A, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark van Avesaat
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 9A, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole J. W. de Wit
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack T. W. E. Vogels
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Freddy Troost
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 9A, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad Masclee
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 9A, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sietse-Jan Koopmans
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Meulen
- Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Mark V. Boekschoten
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 9A, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Müller
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk F. J. Hendriks
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 9A, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Renger F. Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jocelijn Meijerink
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Steinke JW, Negri J, Payne SC, Borish L. Biological effects of leukotriene E4 on eosinophils. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:105-10. [PMID: 24768603 PMCID: PMC4127125 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Studies demonstrate the existence of novel receptors for cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) that are responsive to leukotriene (LT) E4 and might be pathogenic in asthma. Given the eosinophilic infiltration in this disorder, we investigated eosinophil expression of P2Y12 and gpr99 and their capacity to respond to LTE4. Receptor transcript expression was investigated via quantitative PCR and surface protein expression via flow cytometry. We investigated LTE4 influences on eosinophils including Ca(+2) flux, cAMP induction, modulation of adhesion molecule expression, apoptosis and degranulation. Eosinophils displayed both transcript and surface protein expression of P2Y12 and gpr99. We could not find evidence of LTE4 activation of eosinophils, however, LTE4 induced cAMP expression, and preincubation of eosinophils with LTE4 inhibited degranulation. Even though eosinophils are an important source of CysLTs in AERD, eosinophils are not themselves the pro-inflammatory biological target and, in contrast, LTE4 via cAMP primarily elicits anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Steinke
- Carter Immunology Center Asthma and Allergic Disease Center Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia Health Systems, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1355, USA
| | - Julie Negri
- Carter Immunology Center Asthma and Allergic Disease Center Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia Health Systems, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1355, USA
| | - Spencer C Payne
- Carter Immunology Center Asthma and Allergic Disease Center Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia Health Systems, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1355, USA; Carter Immunology Center Asthma and Allergic Disease Center Departments of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia Health Systems, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1355, USA
| | - Larry Borish
- Carter Immunology Center Asthma and Allergic Disease Center Departments of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health Systems, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1355, USA.
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Hurt CM, Angelotti T. Expression and trafficking of functional G protein-coupled receptors are related, yet distinct, concepts. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:1009-12. [PMID: 25103411 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl M Hurt
- Department of Anesthesia/CCM, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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38
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Rubio-Ruíz ME, Del Valle-Mondragón L, Castrejón-Tellez V, Carreón-Torres E, Díaz-Díaz E, Guarner-Lans V. Angiotensin II and 1-7 during aging in Metabolic Syndrome rats. Expression of AT1, AT2 and Mas receptors in abdominal white adipose tissue. Peptides 2014; 57:101-8. [PMID: 24819472 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) plays an important role in the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and in aging. Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) has opposite effects to Ang II. All of the components of RAS are expressed locally in adipose tissue and there is over-activation of adipose RAS in obesity and hypertension. We determined serum and abdominal adipose tissue Ang II and Ang 1-7 in control and MS rats during aging and the expression of AT1, AT2 and Mas in white adipose tissue. MS was induced by sucrose ingestion during 6, 12 and 18 months. During aging, an increase in body weight, abdominal fat and dyslipidemia were found but increases in aging MS rats were higher. Control and MS concentrations of serum Ang II from 6-month old rats were similar. Aging did not modify Ang II seric concentration in control rats but decreased it in MS rats. Ang II levels increased in WAT from both groups of rats. Serum and adipose tissue Ang 1-7 increased during aging in MS rats. Western blot analysis revealed that AT1 expression increased in the control group during aging while AT2 and Mas remained unchanged. In MS rats, AT1 and AT2 expression decreased significantly in aged rats. The high concentration of Ang 1-7 and adiponectin in old MS rats might be associated to an increased expression of PPAR-γ. PPAR-γ was increased in adipose tissue from MS rats. It decreased with aging in control rats and showed no changes during aging in MS rats. Ang 1-7/Mas axis was the predominant pathway in WAT from old MS animals and could represent a potential target for therapeutical strategies in the treatment of MS during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rubio-Ruíz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - L Del Valle-Mondragón
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ``Ignacio Chávez'' Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - V Castrejón-Tellez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - E Carreón-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ``Ignacio Chávez'' Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - E Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y de la Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - V Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico D.F., Mexico.
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Tang C, Yang L, Wang N, Li L, Xu M, Chen GG, Liu ZM. High expression of GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 is associated with lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:3213-23. [PMID: 25031742 PMCID: PMC4097222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that estrogen may be involved in the development and progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) is a novel seven-transmembrane estrogen receptor that functions alongside traditional nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) to regulate the cellular responses to estrogen. The purpose of this study was to examine GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 expression in PTC and to assess the association of their expression with clinicopathological indicators. GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 protein expression in 129 PTCs, 61 nodular hyperplasia and 118 normal thyroid tissue specimens were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The protein expression levels of these three molecules were up-regulated in PTCs. High protein expression of GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P ≤ 0.001). Furthermore, GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 protein expression were correlated with one another. Concomitant high expression of these molecules had stronger correlation with LNM than did each alone (P = 0.002 for GPER1/EGFR, P = 0.013 for GPER1/CXCR1, P = 0.018 for EGFR/CXCR1 and P < 0.001 for GPER1/EGFR/CXCR1). Additionally, GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 mRNA expression was assessed in 30 PTCs, 10 nodular hyperplasia and 10 normal thyroid tissue specimens using real-time RT-PCR. GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 mRNA expression levels were up-regulated in PTCs, and high mRNA expression of GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 was significantly correlated with LNM (P < 0.001 for all these three molecules). These results demonstrated that the evaluation of GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 expression in PTC may be useful in predicting the risk of LNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Ni Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - George G Chen
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Min Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
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Neal-Perry G, Yao D, Shu J, Sun Y, Etgen AM. Insulin-like growth factor-I regulates LH release by modulation of kisspeptin and NMDA-mediated neurotransmission in young and middle-aged female rats. Endocrinology 2014; 155:1827-37. [PMID: 24617524 PMCID: PMC3990844 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated potential mechanisms by which age and IGF-I receptor (IGF-Ir) signaling in the neuroendocrine hypothalamus affect estradiol-positive feedback effects on GnRH neuronal activation and on kisspeptin and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced LH release and on the abundance of NMDA receptor subunits Nr1 and Nr2b and Kiss1r transcript and protein in the hypothalamus of young and middle-aged female rats. We infused vehicle, IGF-I, or JB-1, a selective antagonist of IGF-Ir, into the third ventricle of ovariectomized female rats primed with estradiol or vehicle and injected with vehicle, kisspeptin (3 or 30 nmol/kg), or NMDA (15 or 30 mg/kg). Regardless of dose, NMDA and kisspeptin resulted in significantly more LH release, GnRH/c-Fos colabeling, and c-Fos immunoreative cells in young than in middle-aged females. Estradiol priming significantly increased Kiss1r, Nr1, and Nr2b receptor transcript and protein abundance in young but not middle-aged female hypothalamus. JB-1 attenuated kisspeptin and NMDA-induced LH release, numbers of GnRH/c-Fos and c-Fos cells, and Kiss1r, Nr1, and Nr2b transcript and protein abundance in young females to levels observed in middle-aged females. IGF-I significantly enhanced NMDA and kisspeptin-induced LH release in middle-aged females without increasing numbers of GnRH/c-Fos or c-Fos immunoreactive cells. IGF-I infusion in middle-aged females also increased Kiss1r, Nr1, and Nr2b protein and transcript to levels that were equivalent to young estradiol-primed females. These findings indicate that age-related changes in estradiol-regulated responsiveness to excitatory input from glutamate and kisspeptin reflect reduced IGF-Ir signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Aging
- Animals
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/growth & development
- Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism
- Hypothalamus/cytology
- Hypothalamus/drug effects
- Hypothalamus/growth & development
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Infusions, Intraventricular
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/administration & dosage
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/analogs & derivatives
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/antagonists & inhibitors
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Kisspeptins/metabolism
- Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism
- N-Methylaspartate/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/agonists
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neuroendocrine Cells/cytology
- Neuroendocrine Cells/drug effects
- Neuroendocrine Cells/metabolism
- Oligopeptides/administration & dosage
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/agonists
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/biosynthesis
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Kisspeptin-1
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/agonists
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Neal-Perry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.N.-P., J.S., Y.S., A.M.E.) and the Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience (G.N.-P., A.M.E.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461; and Internal Medicine of Tongji Hospital (D.Y.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, R.P. China
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Sjöström M, Hartman L, Grabau D, Fornander T, Malmström P, Nordenskjöld B, Sgroi DC, Skoog L, Stål O, Leeb-Lundberg LMF, Fernö M. Lack of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in the plasma membrane is associated with excellent long-term prognosis in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 145:61-71. [PMID: 24715381 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), or GPR30, is a membrane receptor reported to mediate non-genomic estrogen responses. Tamoxifen is a partial agonist at GPER in vitro. Here, we investigated if GPER expression is prognostic in primary breast cancer, if the receptor is treatment-predictive for adjuvant tamoxifen, and if receptor subcellular localization has any impact on the prognostic value. Total and plasma membrane (PM) GPER expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in breast tumors from 742 postmenopausal lymph node-negative patients subsequently randomized for tamoxifen treatment for 2-5 years versus no systemic treatment, regardless of estrogen receptor (ER) status, and with a median follow-up of 17 years for patients free of event. PM GPER expression was a strong independent prognostic factor for poor prognosis in breast cancer without treatment-predictive information for tamoxifen. In the tamoxifen-treated ER-positive and progesterone receptor (PgR)-positive patient subgroup, the absence of PM GPER (53 % of all ER-positive tumors) predicted 91 % 20-year distant disease-free survival, compared to 73 % in the presence of GPER (p = 0.001). Total GPER expression showed positive correlations with ER and PgR and negative correlation with histological grade, but the correlations were biphasic. On the other hand, PM GPER expression showed strong negative correlations with ER and PgR, and strong positive correlation with HER2 overexpression and high histological grade. GPER overexpression and PM localization are critical events in breast cancer progression, and lack of GPER in the PM is associated with excellent long-term prognosis in ER-positive and PgR-positive tamoxifen-treated primary breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sjöström
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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42
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Bai B, Liu L, Zhang N, Wang C, Jiang Y, Chen J. Heterodimerization of human apelin and bradykinin 1 receptors: novel signal transduction characteristics. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1549-59. [PMID: 24686079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Apelin receptor (APJ) and bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) are involved in a variety of important physiological processes, which share many similar characteristics in distribution and functions in the cardiovascular system. This study explored the possibility of heterodimerization between APJ and B1R, and investigated the impact of heterodimer on the signal transduction characteristics and the physiological functions in human endothelial cells after stimulation with their agonists. We first identified the endogenous expression of APJ and B1R in HUVECs and their co-localization on HEK293 membrane. The constitutive heterodimerization between the APJ and B1R was then demonstrated by BRET and FRET assays. Stimulation with Apelin-13 and des -Arg(9)-BK enhanced the phosphorylation of eNOS in HUVECs, which could be dampened by the knockdown of APJ or B1R, indicating the co-existence of APJ and B1R is critical for eNOS phosphorylation in HUVECs. Furthermore, APJ/B1R heterodimers were found to enhance the activity of PKC signaling pathway and increase intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in HEK293 cells, which might be the mechanism of APJ/B1R heterodimers promoting the phosphorylation of eNOS and leads to increased Gαq, PKC signal pathway activities and a significant increase in cell proliferation. The results provide a new theoretical and experimental base for revealed intracellular molecular mechanisms of physiological function involved in the APJ and B1R and provide potential new targets for the development of drugs and treating cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Bai
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yunlu Jiang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, PR China; Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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43
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Wege S, Poirier Y. Expression of the mammalian Xenotropic Polytropic Virus Receptor 1 (XPR1) in tobacco leaves leads to phosphate export. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:482-9. [PMID: 24374333 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate homeostasis in multicellular eukaryotes depends on both phosphate influx and efflux. The mammalian Xenotropic Polytropic Virus Receptor 1 (XPR1) shares homology to the Arabidopsis PHO1, a phosphate exporter expressed in roots. However, phosphate export activity of XPR1 has not yet been demonstrated in a heterologous system. Here, wedemonstrate that transient expression in tobacco leaves of XPR1-GFP leads to specific phosphate export. Like PHO1-GFP, XPR1-GFP is localized predominantly to the endomembrane system in tobacco cells. These results show that tobacco leaves are a good heterologous system to study the transport activity of members of the PHO1/XPR1 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wege
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yves Poirier
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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44
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Dehghan F, Muniandy S, Yusof A, Salleh N. Sex-steroid regulation of relaxin receptor isoforms (RXFP1 & RXFP2) expression in the patellar tendon and lateral collateral ligament of female WKY rats. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:180-91. [PMID: 24465164 PMCID: PMC3894403 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The incidence of non-contact knee injury was found higher in female than in male and is related to the phases of the menstrual cycle. This raised the possibility that female sex-steroids are involved in the mechanism underlying this injury via affecting the expression of the receptors for relaxin, a peptide hormone known to modulate ligament laxity. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of sex-steroids on relaxin receptor isoforms (RXFP1 & RXFP2) expression in the ligaments and tendons of the knee. METHODS Ovariectomized adult female WKY rats were treated with different doses of estrogen (0.2, 2, 20 μg/kg), progesterone (4mg) and testosterone (125 & 250μg/kg) for three consecutive days. At the end of the treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the patellar tendon and lateral collateral ligament were harvested for mRNA and protein expression analyses by Real Time PCR and Western blotting respectively. RESULTS RXFP1, the main isoform expressed in these knee structures and RXFP2 showed a dose-dependent increase in expression with estrogen. Progesterone treatment resulted in an increase while testosterone caused a dose-dependent decrease in the mRNA and protein expression of both relaxin receptor isoforms. DISCUSSION Progesterone and high dose estrogen up-regulate while testosterone down-regulates RXFP1 and RXFP2 expression in the patellar tendon and lateral collateral ligament of rat's knee. CONCLUSION Relaxin receptor isoforms up-regulation by progesterone and high dose estrogen could provide the basis for the reported increase in knee laxity while down-regulation of these receptor isoforms by testosterone could explain low incidence of non-contact knee injury in male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firouzeh Dehghan
- 1. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sekaran Muniandy
- 2. Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ashril Yusof
- 3. Department of Physiology, Sport Center, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Naguib Salleh
- 1. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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45
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Chen Y, Palczewska G, Mustafi D, Golczak M, Dong Z, Sawada O, Maeda T, Maeda A, Palczewski K. Systems pharmacology identifies drug targets for Stargardt disease-associated retinal degeneration. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:5119-34. [PMID: 24231350 DOI: 10.1172/jci69076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A systems pharmacological approach that capitalizes on the characterization of intracellular signaling networks can transform our understanding of human diseases and lead to therapy development. Here, we applied this strategy to identify pharmacological targets for the treatment of Stargardt disease, a severe juvenile form of macular degeneration. Diverse GPCRs have previously been implicated in neuronal cell survival, and crosstalk between GPCR signaling pathways represents an unexplored avenue for pharmacological intervention. We focused on this receptor family for potential therapeutic interventions in macular disease. Complete transcriptomes of mouse and human samples were analyzed to assess the expression of GPCRs in the retina. Focusing on adrenergic (AR) and serotonin (5-HT) receptors, we found that adrenoceptor α 2C (Adra2c) and serotonin receptor 2a (Htr2a) were the most highly expressed. Using a mouse model of Stargardt disease, we found that pharmacological interventions that targeted both GPCR signaling pathways and adenylate cyclases (ACs) improved photoreceptor cell survival, preserved photoreceptor function, and attenuated the accumulation of pathological fluorescent deposits in the retina. These findings demonstrate a strategy for the identification of new drug candidates and FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of monogenic and complex diseases.
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MESH Headings
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/deficiency
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenine/pharmacology
- Adenine/therapeutic use
- Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/therapeutic use
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Alcohol Oxidoreductases/deficiency
- Alcohol Oxidoreductases/genetics
- Animals
- Cell Survival
- Disease Models, Animal
- Doxazosin/pharmacology
- Doxazosin/therapeutic use
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Guanabenz/pharmacology
- Guanabenz/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Light/adverse effects
- Macaca fascicularis
- Macular Degeneration/congenital
- Macular Degeneration/drug therapy
- Macular Degeneration/genetics
- Macular Degeneration/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/drug effects
- Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/pathology
- Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/physiology
- Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/radiation effects
- Reactive Oxygen Species
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/biosynthesis
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Serotonin Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction
- Stargardt Disease
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46
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Abstract
The apelin receptor (APJ; gene symbol APLNR) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor gene family. Neural gene expression patterns of APJ, and its cognate ligand apelin, in the brain implicate the apelinergic system in the regulation of a number of physiological processes. APJ and apelin are highly expressed in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system, which regulates fluid homeostasis, in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which controls the neuroendocrine response to stress, and in the forebrain and lower brainstem regions, which are involved in cardiovascular function. Recently, apelin, synthesised and secreted by adipocytes, has been described as a beneficial adipokine related to obesity, and there is growing awareness of a potential role for apelin and APJ in glucose and energy metabolism. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure, expression pattern and regulation of apelin and its receptor, as well as the main second messengers and signalling proteins activated by apelin. We also highlight the physiological and pathological roles that support this system as a novel therapeutic target for pharmacological intervention in treating conditions related to altered water balance, stress-induced disorders such as anxiety and depression, and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie O'Carroll
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
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47
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Kentish SJ, Wittert GA, Blackshaw LA, Page AJ. A chronic high fat diet alters the homologous and heterologous control of appetite regulating peptide receptor expression. Peptides 2013; 46:150-8. [PMID: 23792934 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Leptin, ghrelin and neuropeptide W (NPW) modulate vagal afferent activity, which may underlie their appetite regulatory actions. High fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity induces changes in the plasma levels of these peptides and alters the expression of receptors on vagal afferents. We investigated homologous and heterologous receptor regulation by leptin, ghrelin and NPW. Mice were fed (12 weeks) a standard laboratory diet (SLD) or HFD. Nodose ganglia were cultured overnight in the presence or absence of each peptide. Leptin (LepR), ghrelin (GHS-R), NPW (GPR7) and cholecystokinin type-1 (CCK1R) receptor mRNA, and the plasma leptin, ghrelin and NPW levels were measured. SLD: leptin reduced LepR, GPR7, increased GHS-R and CCK1R mRNA; ghrelin increased LepR, GPR7, CCK1R, and decreased GHS-R. HFD: leptin decreased GHS-R and GPR7, ghrelin increased GHS-R and GPR7. NPW decreased all receptors except GPR7 which increased with HFD. Plasma leptin was higher and NPW lower in HFD. Thus, HFD-induced obesity disrupts inter-regulation of appetite regulatory receptors in vagal afferents.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Appetite/physiology
- Appetite Regulation/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Diet, High-Fat
- Female
- Ghrelin/blood
- Ghrelin/metabolism
- Leptin/blood
- Leptin/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neuropeptides/blood
- Neuropeptides/metabolism
- Nodose Ganglion/cytology
- Nodose Ganglion/drug effects
- Obesity/blood
- RNA, Messenger
- Receptor, Cholecystokinin A/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/biosynthesis
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Ghrelin/metabolism
- Receptors, Leptin/metabolism
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/metabolism
- Vagus Nerve/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Kentish
- Nerve Gut Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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48
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Gavin KM, Cooper EE, Hickner RC. Estrogen receptor protein content is different in abdominal than gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue of overweight-to-obese premenopausal women. Metabolism 2013; 62:1180-8. [PMID: 23557590 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Premenopausal women demonstrate a distinctive gynoid body fat distribution and circulating estrogen status is associated with the maintenance of this adiposity patterning. Estrogen's role in modulation of regional adiposity may occur through estrogen receptors (ERs), which are present in human adipose tissue. The purpose of this study was to determine regional differences in the protein content of ERα, ERβ, and the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) between the abdominal (AB) and gluteal (GL) subcutaneous adipose tissue of overweight-to-obese premenopausal women. MATERIALS/METHODS Biopsies of the subcutaneous AB and GL adipose tissue were performed in 15 premenopausal women (7 Caucasian/8 African American, 25.1 ± 1.8 years, BMI 29.5 ± 0.5kg/m(2)). Adipose tissue protein content was measured by western blot analysis and correlation analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between ER protein content and anthropometric indices/body composition measurements. RESULTS We found that ERα protein was higher in AB than GL (AB 1.0 ± 0.2 vs GL 0.67 ± 0.1 arbitrary units [AU], P=0.02), ERβ protein was higher in GL than AB (AB 0.78 ± 0.12 vs GL 1.3 ± 0.2 AU, P=0.002), ERα/ERβ ratio was higher in AB than GL (AB 1.9 ± 0.4 vs GL 0.58 ± 0.08 AU, P=0.007), and GPER protein content was similar in AB and GL (P=0.80) subcutaneous adipose tissue. Waist-to-hip ratio was inversely related to gluteal ERβ (r(2)=0.315, P=0.03) and positively related to gluteal ERα/ERβ ratio (r(2)=0.406, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that depot specific ER content may be an important underlying determinant of regional effects of estrogen in upper and lower body adipose tissue of overweight-to-obese premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Gavin
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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49
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Cao L, Xun J, Jiang X, Tan R. Propofol up-regulates Mas receptor expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Pharmazie 2013; 68:677-680. [PMID: 24020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mas is a functional binding site for angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7), a critical component of the renin-angiotensin system that is involved in processing nociceptive information. A recent study reported the localization of Mas in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and demonstrated that Ang-(1-7) produced a dose-dependent peripheral antinociceptive effect in rats through the Mas receptor by an opioid-independent mechanism. In the present study, we for the first time examined the effect of propofol on Mas expression in cultured DRG neurons. We treated rat DRG neurons with propofol at different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 or 10 microM) for different length of time (0.5, 1, 2, 4 or 6 h) with or without transcription inhibitor actinomycin D or different kinase inhibitors. Propofol increased the Mas receptormRNA level in a statistically significant dose- and time-dependent manner within 4 h, which led to dose-dependent up-regulation of the Mas receptor protein level as well as Ang-(1-7) binding on the cell membrane. Actinomycin D (1 mg/ml) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor PD169316 (25 microM) completely abolished the effect of propofol on Mas receptor expression in DRG neurons. In conclusion, we demonstrate that propofol markedly up-regulates Mas receptor expression at the transcription level in DRG neurons by a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of action of propofol in peripheral antinociception, and suggests a new regulatory mechanism on the Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis in the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 86 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
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50
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Yang D, Cao F, Ye X, Zhao H, Liu X, Li Y, Shi C, Wang H, Zhou J. Arsenic trioxide inhibits the Hedgehog pathway which is aberrantly activated in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Acta Haematol 2013; 130:260-7. [PMID: 23867347 DOI: 10.1159/000351603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Dysregulated Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been implicated in several human malignancies. Hh signaling inhibitors are predicted to have a minimal effect when the Smoothened receptor is mutated. Implications that Gli proteins are molecular targets of arsenic trioxide (ATO) action prompted us to investigate the expression of Hh signaling in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and the influence of ATO on the Hh signaling pathway in APL. METHODS Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were employed to analyze the expression of Hh pathway components and the influence of ATO on the Hh signaling pathway in APL. RESULTS The expression of Hh pathway components was significantly upregulated in APL. In newly diagnosed APL patients, Gli2 expression was significantly positively correlated with Gli1 (R = 0.57, p < 0.001) and Smo (R = 0.56, p < 0.001) and the expression of Hh pathway components was significantly higher in the high WBC group (p < 0.05). ATO can significantly downregulate the expression of Hh pathway components in vitro and in vivo (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The Hh pathway is aberrantly activated in APL and associated with a bad prognostic factor. ATO can effectively inhibit the expression of the Hh pathway. The obtained data give the first clinical evidence for the application of ATO in tumors exhibiting an aberrantly activated Hh pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongguang Yang
- Health Ministry Key Lab of Cell Transplantation, Heilongjiang Institute of Hematology and Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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