1
|
Baca CF, Yu Y, Rostøl JT, Majumder P, Patel DJ, Marraffini LA. The CRISPR effector Cam1 mediates membrane depolarization for phage defence. Nature 2024; 625:797-804. [PMID: 38200316 PMCID: PMC10808066 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06902-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Prokaryotic type III CRISPR-Cas systems provide immunity against viruses and plasmids using CRISPR-associated Rossman fold (CARF) protein effectors1-5. Recognition of transcripts of these invaders with sequences that are complementary to CRISPR RNA guides leads to the production of cyclic oligoadenylate second messengers, which bind CARF domains and trigger the activity of an effector domain6,7. Whereas most effectors degrade host and invader nucleic acids, some are predicted to contain transmembrane helices without an enzymatic function. Whether and how these CARF-transmembrane helix fusion proteins facilitate the type III CRISPR-Cas immune response remains unknown. Here we investigate the role of cyclic oligoadenylate-activated membrane protein 1 (Cam1) during type III CRISPR immunity. Structural and biochemical analyses reveal that the CARF domains of a Cam1 dimer bind cyclic tetra-adenylate second messengers. In vivo, Cam1 localizes to the membrane, is predicted to form a tetrameric transmembrane pore, and provides defence against viral infection through the induction of membrane depolarization and growth arrest. These results reveal that CRISPR immunity does not always operate through the degradation of nucleic acids, but is instead mediated via a wider range of cellular responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian F Baca
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Rockefeller University and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - You Yu
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jakob T Rostøl
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Puja Majumder
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dinshaw J Patel
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Luciano A Marraffini
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li FKK, Gale RT, Petrotchenko EV, Borchers CH, Brown ED, Strynadka NCJ. Crystallographic analysis of TarI and TarJ, a cytidylyltransferase and reductase pair for CDP-ribitol synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus wall teichoic acid biogenesis. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107733. [PMID: 33819634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cell wall of many pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria contains ribitol-phosphate wall teichoic acid (WTA), a polymer that is linked to virulence and regulation of essential physiological processes including cell division. CDP-ribitol, the activated precursor for ribitol-phosphate polymerization, is synthesized by a cytidylyltransferase and reductase pair known as TarI and TarJ, respectively. In this study, we present crystal structures of Staphylococcus aureus TarI and TarJ in their apo forms and in complex with substrates and products. The TarI structures illustrate the mechanism of CDP-ribitol synthesis from CTP and ribitol-phosphate and reveal structural changes required for substrate binding and catalysis. Insights into the upstream step of ribulose-phosphate reduction to ribitol-phosphate is provided by the structures of TarJ. Furthermore, we propose a general topology of the enzymes in a heterotetrameric form built using restraints from crosslinking mass spectrometry analysis. Together, our data present molecular details of CDP-ribitol production that may aid in the design of inhibitors against WTA biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franco K K Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for Blood Research, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Robert T Gale
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3ZS, Canada
| | - Evgeniy V Petrotchenko
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada; Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada; Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Eric D Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3ZS, Canada
| | - Natalie C J Strynadka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for Blood Research, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Plattfaut I, Besser M, Severing AL, Stürmer EK, Opländer C. Plasma medicine and wound management: Evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of a medically certified cold atmospheric argon plasma jet. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 57:106319. [PMID: 33716180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A major problem for wound healing is contamination with bacteria, often resulting in biofilm formation and wound infection, which, in turn, needs immediate intervention such as surgical debridement and through irrigation. A topical treatment with cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) for wound disinfection may present an alternative and less painful approach. METHODS This study investigated the antibacterial effects of a cold atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet (kINPen® MED) as a CAP source, using the three-dimensional Staphylococcus aureus immunocompetent biofilm system hpBIOM in addition to a standard planktonic test. Furthermore, skin cell compatibility was evaluated using a keratinocyte (HaCat) model. RESULTS CAP treatment (0-240 s) followed by incubation (15, 120 min) within the CAP-treated media showed slight bactericidal efficacy under planktonic conditions but no effect on biofilms. However, indirect CAP treatment of keratinocytes performed under the same conditions resulted in a significant decrease in metabolic activity. Short CAP treatment and exposure time (30 s; 15 min) induced a slight increase in the metabolic activity; however, longer treatments and/or exposure times led to pronounced reductions up to 100%. These effects could partially be reversed by addition of catalase, indicating a dominant role of CAP-generated hydrogen peroxide. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that plasma treatment does not lead to the desired disinfection or significant reduction in the bacterial burden of Staphylococcus aureus in a wet milieu or in biofilms. Thus, treatment with CAP could not be recommended as a single anti-bacterial therapy for wounds but could be used to support standard treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Plattfaut
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Manuela Besser
- Clinic for General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Severing
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ewa K Stürmer
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart Center, Translational Wound Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Opländer
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany; Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Linklater DP, Baulin VA, Le Guével X, Fleury JB, Hanssen E, Nguyen THP, Juodkazis S, Bryant G, Crawford RJ, Stoodley P, Ivanova EP. Antibacterial Action of Nanoparticles by Lethal Stretching of Bacterial Cell Membranes. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2005679. [PMID: 33179362 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that nanoparticles (NPs) can kill bacteria; however, the mechanism of antimicrobial action remains obscure for large NPs that cannot translocate the bacterial cell wall. It is demonstrated that the increase in membrane tension caused by the adsorption of NPs is responsible for mechanical deformation, leading to cell rupture and death. A biophysical model of the NP-membrane interactions is presented which suggests that adsorbed NPs cause membrane stretching and squeezing. This general phenomenon is demonstrated experimentally using both model membranes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, representing Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic quasi-spherical and star-shaped gold (Au)NPs are synthesized to explore the antibacterial mechanism of non-translocating AuNPs. Direct observation of nanoparticle-induced membrane tension and squeezing is demonstrated using a custom-designed microfluidic device, which relieves contraction of the model membrane surface area and eventual lipid bilayer collapse. Quasi-spherical nanoparticles exhibit a greater bactericidal action due to a higher interactive affinity, resulting in greater membrane stretching and rupturing, corroborating the theoretical model. Electron microscopy techniques are used to characterize the NP-bacterial-membrane interactions. This combination of experimental and theoretical results confirm the proposed mechanism of membrane-tension-induced (mechanical) killing of bacterial cells by non-translocating NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denver P Linklater
- School of Science, RMIT University, P.O. Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
- Opical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Vladimir A Baulin
- Department d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 26 Av. dels Paisos Catalans, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Xavier Le Guével
- Insitute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble-Alpes, Allee des Alpes, La Tronche, 38700, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fleury
- Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Eric Hanssen
- Ian Holmes Imaging Centre, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - The Hong Phong Nguyen
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Opical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Gary Bryant
- School of Science, RMIT University, P.O. Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Russell J Crawford
- School of Science, RMIT University, P.O. Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, 716 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), National Biofilm Innovation Centre (NBIC), Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1Bj, UK
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, RMIT University, P.O. Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mohamed SA, Samir TM, Helmy OM, Elhosseiny NM, Ali AA, El-Kholy AA, Attia AS. A Novel Surface-Exposed Polypeptide Is Successfully Employed as a Target for Developing a Prototype One-Step Immunochromatographic Strip for Specific and Sensitive Direct Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Causing Neonatal Sepsis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1580. [PMID: 33233724 PMCID: PMC7699858 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal sepsis is a life-threatening condition and Staphylococcus aureus is one of its major causes. However, to date, no rapid and sensitive diagnostic tool has been developed for its direct detection. Bioinformatics analyses identified a surface-exposed 112-amino acid polypeptide of the cell wall protein NWMN_1649, a surface protein involved in cell aggregation and biofilm formation, as being a species-specific and highly conserved moiety. The polypeptide was cloned, purified, and used to immunize mice to raise specific immunoglobulins. The purified antibodies were conjugated to gold nano-particles and used to assemble an immunochromatographic strip (ICS). The developed prototype ICS detected as low as 5 µg purified polypeptide and 102 CFU/mL S. aureus within 15 min. The strip showed superior ability to directly detect S. aureus in neonatal sepsis blood specimens without prior sample processing. Moreover, it showed no cross-reaction in specimens infected with two other major causes of neonatal sepsis; coagulase-negative staphylococci and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The selected NWMN_1649-derived polypeptide demonstrates success as a promising biomolecule upon which a prototype ICS has been developed. This ICS provides a rapid, direct, sensitive, and specific option for the detection of S. aureus causing neonatal sepsis. Such a tool is urgently needed especially in resources-limited countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally A. Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.A.M.); (O.M.H.); (N.M.E.)
| | - Tamer M. Samir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City 12566, Egypt;
| | - Omneya M. Helmy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.A.M.); (O.M.H.); (N.M.E.)
| | - Noha M. Elhosseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.A.M.); (O.M.H.); (N.M.E.)
| | - Aliaa A. Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Amani A. El-Kholy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed S. Attia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.A.M.); (O.M.H.); (N.M.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ye Y, Zheng L, Wu T, Ding X, Chen F, Yuan Y, Fan GC, Shen Y. Size-Dependent Modulation of Polydopamine Nanospheres on Smart Nanoprobes for Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria at Single-Cell Level and Imaging-Guided Photothermal Bactericidal Activity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:35626-35637. [PMID: 32657116 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacterial fouling in agriculture and food-associated products poses mounting food safety concerns today. Efficient integration of precise tracking and on-demand bacterial killing to achieve the source control of pathogenic bacteria at the single-cell level is one of the most valuable antifouling methods for safeguarding food safety but remains unexplored. Here, we report an all-in-one design strategy as a proof of concept to establish a stimuli-responsive nanoprobe PDANSs-FAM-Apt for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) at the single-cell level, which could be capable of guiding the on-demand photothermal killing of bacteria upon near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. By examining the size-dependent modulation of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer efficiency to polydopamine nanospheres (PDANSs), PDANSs-FAM-Apt was finally assembled by 6-carboxyfluorescein-terminated S. aureus, binding the aptamer (FAM-Apt) and PDANSs at ∼258 nm through π-π stacking interactions. As a result, PDANSs-FAM-Apt exhibits a remarkable fluorescence enhancement (∼261-fold) to S. aureus with a satisfactory detection limit of 1.0 cfu/mL, allowing for assay at the single-cell level and thus ultralow background fluorescence imaging of S. aureus as well as its biofilms. Moreover, PDANSs-FAM-Apt shows a high photothermal bactericidal property upon NIR light irradiation, endowing it with the strong capacity to efficiently produce heat for destroying S. aureus and its biofilms with the guidance of imaging results. This work emphasizes the versatility of using the combination of stimuli-responsive fluorescence imaging dependent on the PDANS size modulation and NIR light-activated photothermal antibacterial activity to design stimuli-responsive nanoprobes with an improved precision for pathogenic bacteria monitoring and source controlling, which opens a promising antifouling avenue to eliminate bacteria and disrupt bacterial biofilms in agriculture and food-related industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingwang Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Libing Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiaowei Ding
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yiying Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Gao-Chao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yizhong Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chung PY. Novel targets of pentacyclic triterpenoids in Staphylococcus aureus: A systematic review. Phytomedicine 2020; 73:152933. [PMID: 31103429 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen both in community-acquired and healthcare-associated infections, and has successfully evolved numerous strategies for resisting the action to practically all antibiotics. Resistance to methicillin is now widely described in the community setting (CMRSA), thus the development of new drugs or alternative therapies is urgently necessary. Plants and their secondary metabolites have been a major alternative source in providing structurally diverse bioactive compounds as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of bacterial infections. One of the classes of natural secondary metabolites from plants with the most bioactive compounds are the triterpenoids, which comprises structurally diverse organic compounds. In nature, triterpenoids are often found as tetra- or penta-cyclic structures. AIM This review highlights the anti-staphylococcal activities of pentacyclic triterpenoids, particularly α-amyrin (AM), betulinic acid (BA) and betulinaldehyde (BE). These compounds are based on a 30-carbon skeleton comprising five six-membered rings (ursanes and lanostanes) or four six-membered rings and one five-membered ring (lupanes and hopanes). METHODS Electronic databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed and Scopus were used to search scientific contributions until March 2018, using relevant keywords. Literature focusing on the antimicrobial and antibiofilms of effects of pentacyclic triterpenoids on S. aureus were identified and summarized. RESULTS Pentacyclic triterpenoids can be divided into three representative classes, namely ursane, lupane and oleananes. This class of compounds have been shown to exhibit analgesic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antifungal and antibacterial activities. In studies of the antimicrobial activities and targets of AM, BA and BE in sensitive and multidrug-resistant S. aureus, these compounds acted synergistically and have different targets from the conventional antibiotics. CONCLUSION The inhibitory mechanisms of S. aureus in novel targets and pathways should stimulate further researches to develop AM, BA and BE as therapeutic agents for infections caused by S. aureus. Continued efforts to identify and exploit synergistic combinations by the three compounds and peptidoglycan inhibitors, are also necessary as alternative treatment options for S. aureus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooi Yin Chung
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hui A, Yan R, Wang W, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Wang A. Incorporation of quaternary ammonium chitooligosaccharides on ZnO/palygorskite nanocomposites for enhancing antibacterial activities. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116685. [PMID: 32829813 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium chitooligosaccharides (QACOS) was incorporated onto the ZnO/palygorskite (ZnO/PAL) nanocomposite by a simple electrostatic self-assembly process to produce a new organic-inorganic nanocomposite (QACOS/ZnO/PAL) with excellent antibacterial activity. After loading QACOS, the Zeta potential of ZnO/PAL was changed from -26.7 to +30.3 mV, which facilitates to improve the targeting behavior of ZnO/PAL towards bacteria and its contact with bacteria, resulting in a significant improvement of antibacterial capability. The MIC values of QACOS/ZnO/PAL for inhibiting bacteria (0.5 mg/mL for E. coli and 1 mg/L for S. aureus) were superior to ZnO/PAL and QACOS, demonstrated an expected synergistic antibacterial effect between QACOS and ZnO/PAL. The improved contact and interface interaction between QACOS/ZnO/PAL and bacteria makes it easier to destroy the structural integrity of bacteria. As a whole, the incorporation of polysaccharide as regulators of surface charge opens up a new way to further enhance the antibacterial activity of inorganic antibacterial materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Hui
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi, 211700, PR China
| | - Rui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi, 211700, PR China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi, 211700, PR China
| | - Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi, 211700, PR China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi, 211700, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kwiatkowski P, Wojciuk B, Wojciechowska-Koszko I, Łopusiewicz Ł, Grygorcewicz B, Pruss A, Sienkiewicz M, Fijałkowski K, Kowalczyk E, Dołęgowska B. Innate Immune Response against Staphylococcus aureus Preincubated with Subinhibitory Concentration of trans-Anethole. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114178. [PMID: 32545315 PMCID: PMC7312609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to analyze morphological and functional changes of Staphylococcus aureus cells due to trans-anethole (a terpenoid and the major constituent of fennel, anise, or star anise essential oils) exposition, and their consequences for human neutrophils phagocytic activity as well as IL-8 production (recognized as the major chemoattractant). The investigation included the evaluation of changes occurring in S. aureus cultures, i.e., staphyloxanthin production, antioxidant activities, cell size distribution, and cells composition as a result of incubation with trans-anethole. It was found that the presence of trans-anethole in the culture medium reduced the level of staphyloxanthin production, as well as decreased antioxidant activities. Furthermore, trans-anethole-treated cells were characterized by larger size and a tendency to diffuse in comparison to the non-treated cells. Several cell components, such as phospholipids and peptidoglycan, were found remarkably elevated in the cultures treated with trans-anethole. As a result of the aforementioned cellular changes, the bacteria were phagocytized by neutrophils more efficiently (ingestion and parameters associated with killing activity were at a higher level as compared to the control system). Additionally, IL-8 production was at a higher level for trans-anethole modified bacteria. Our results suggest that trans-anethole represents a promising measure in combating severe staphylococcal infections, which has an important translational potential for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kwiatkowski
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (B.W.); (I.W.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-466-1659
| | - Bartosz Wojciuk
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (B.W.); (I.W.-K.)
| | - Iwona Wojciechowska-Koszko
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (B.W.); (I.W.-K.)
| | - Łukasz Łopusiewicz
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (B.G.); (A.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Agata Pruss
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (B.G.); (A.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Monika Sienkiewicz
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Łódź, 90-752 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Karol Fijałkowski
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Edward Kowalczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Łódź, 90-752 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (B.G.); (A.P.); (B.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pasquina-Lemonche L, Burns J, Turner RD, Kumar S, Tank R, Mullin N, Wilson JS, Chakrabarti B, Bullough PA, Foster SJ, Hobbs JK. The architecture of the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall. Nature 2020; 582:294-297. [PMID: 32523118 PMCID: PMC7308169 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The primary structural component of the bacterial cell wall is peptidoglycan, which is essential for viability and the synthesis of which is the target for crucial antibiotics1,2. Peptidoglycan is a single macromolecule made of glycan chains crosslinked by peptide side branches that surrounds the cell, acting as a constraint to internal turgor1,3. In Gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan is tens of nanometres thick, generally portrayed as a homogeneous structure that provides mechanical strength4-6. Here we applied atomic force microscopy7-12 to interrogate the morphologically distinct Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis species, using live cells and purified peptidoglycan. The mature surface of live cells is characterized by a landscape of large (up to 60 nm in diameter), deep (up to 23 nm) pores constituting a disordered gel of peptidoglycan. The inner peptidoglycan surface, consisting of more nascent material, is much denser, with glycan strand spacing typically less than 7 nm. The inner surface architecture is location dependent; the cylinder of B. subtilis has dense circumferential orientation, while in S. aureus and division septa for both species, peptidoglycan is dense but randomly oriented. Revealing the molecular architecture of the cell envelope frames our understanding of its mechanical properties and role as the environmental interface13,14, providing information complementary to traditional structural biology approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Pasquina-Lemonche
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- The Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Burns
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - R D Turner
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Kumar
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Tank
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - N Mullin
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J S Wilson
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - B Chakrabarti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P A Bullough
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - S J Foster
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- The Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - J K Hobbs
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- The Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rastogi V, Agarwal S, Dubey SK, Khan GS, Shakher C. Design and development of volume phase holographic grating based digital holographic interferometer for label-free quantitative cell imaging. Appl Opt 2020; 59:3773-3783. [PMID: 32400505 DOI: 10.1364/ao.387620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a volume phase holographic optical element based digital holographic interferometer is designed and used for quantitative phase imaging of biological cells [white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria cells]. The experimental results reveal that sharp images of the S. aureus bacteria cells of the order of ${\sim}{1}\;{\unicode{x00B5}{\rm m}}$∼1µm can be clearly seen. The volume phase holographic grating will remove the stray light from the system reaching toward the grating and will minimize the coherent noise (speckle noise). This will improve the sharpness in the image reconstructed from the recorded digital hologram.
Collapse
|
12
|
Rai S, Sharma PK, Tyagi N, Agarwal S. Community-acquired infection caused by small-colony variant of Staphylococcus aureus. Indian J Med Microbiol 2020; 38:216-218. [PMID: 32883937 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_20_250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and other Gram negative bacteria produce small colony variants (SCV) which usually emerge after exposure to antimicrobials. They cause repeated infections, treatment failures and often pass unnoticed during cultures due to unusual appearance and incomplete incubation. This infectious disease grand round highlights a similar clinical case with atypical history and appearance of a SCV of S. aureus and why prolonged incubation is necessary for aspirates from patients with recurrent infections like abscesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Rai
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Super Specialty Paediatric Hospital, Postgraduate Teaching Institute, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Sharma
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Super Specialty Paediatric Hospital, Postgraduate Teaching Institute, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nirpex Tyagi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Super Specialty Paediatric Hospital, Postgraduate Teaching Institute, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sugandh Agarwal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Super Specialty Paediatric Hospital, Postgraduate Teaching Institute, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao N, Li Y, Yin W, Zhuang J, Jia Q, Wang Z, Li N. Controllable Coumarin-Based NIR Fluorophores: Selective Subcellular Imaging, Cell Membrane Potential Indication, and Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:2076-2086. [PMID: 31847517 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent materials with advanced functionalities provide powerful tools to visualize subcellular microstructures and monitor subcellular dynamic functions, which significantly boost our understanding of complex biological phenomena and manipulation of biological behaviors. However, realization of diverse biological applications from a single molecular backbone is still a challenging endeavor. In this contribution, a series of coumarin-based cationic fluorophores (Cou-n, n = 1-4) with near-infrared emission (675 nm) and large Stokes shifts (110 nm) have been developed. Considering their excellent biocompatibilities and alkyl chain-dependent lipophilicities, Cou-1 and Cou-3 could selectively and ultrafast (<30 s) stain the cell plasma membrane and mitochondria in a washing-free manner, respectively. Meanwhile, Cou-1 could sensitively respond to the change of the plasma membrane potential, which enabled Cou-1 to successfully indicate the cell passage number. Taking advantage of specific mitochondria targeting as well as efficient singlet oxygen generation, Cou-3 exhibited enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect for tumor inhibition in vivo. In addition, the suitable lipophilicity of Cou-3 aided it in selectively imaging Gram-positive bacteria and efficiently killing bacteria by the PDT process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , 710119 Xi'an , China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , 710119 Xi'an , China
| | - Wei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , 710119 Xi'an , China
| | - Jiabao Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , 710119 Xi'an , China
| | - Qian Jia
- School of Life Science and Technology , Xidian University , 710126 Xi'an , China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology , Xidian University , 710126 Xi'an , China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , 710119 Xi'an , China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
White R, Joyner PM. A guided-inquiry investigation of bacterial membrane potential using flow cytometry for an undergraduate biochemistry laboratory course. Biochem Mol Biol Educ 2020; 48:61-66. [PMID: 31532885 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry has become an important tool in the life sciences and medical fields, yet there are often few opportunities for undergraduate students to receive training with this type of instrumentation as part of life science curricula at many colleges and universities. We describe a straightforward laboratory exercise designed for a college-level biochemistry course that uses flow cytometry to investigate changes in bacterial membrane potential and cell viability in response to various treatments. Anecdotally, we have noticed that many students often have difficulty understanding the concept of membrane potential and the essential role that it plays in cellular processes. Therefore, this exercise also provides a pedagogical tool for visualizing changes in cellular membrane potential as way to enhancing students' comprehension of this abstract concept. Students' understanding of flow cytometry and membrane potential was assessed using a preactivity and postactivity quiz; the results indicate that the students' understanding of these concepts significantly improved after they completed this laboratory exercise. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 48(1):61-66, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel White
- From the Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California, 90263
| | - P Matthew Joyner
- From the Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California, 90263
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shi Y, Zhao H, Nguyen KT, Zhang Y, Chin LK, Zhu T, Yu Y, Cai H, Yap PH, Liu PY, Xiong S, Zhang J, Qiu CW, Chan CT, Liu AQ. Nanophotonic Array-Induced Dynamic Behavior for Label-Free Shape-Selective Bacteria Sieving. ACS Nano 2019; 13:12070-12080. [PMID: 31585042 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Current particle sorting methods such as microfluidics, acoustics, and optics focus on exploiting the differences in the mass, size, refractive index, or fluorescence staining. However, there exist formidable challenges for them to sort label-free submicron particles with similar volume and refractive index yet distinct shapes. In this work, we report an optofluidic nanophotonic sawtooth array (ONSA) that generates sawtooth-like light fields through light coupling, paving the physical foundation for shape-selective sieving. Submicron particles interact with the coupled hotspots which impose different optical torques on the particles according to their shapes. Unstained S. aureus and E. coli are used as a model system to demonstrate this shape-selective sorting mechanism based on the torque-induced body dynamics, which was previously unattainable by other particle sorting technologies. More than 95% of S. aureus is retained within ONSA, while more than 97% of E. coli is removed. This nanophotonic chip offers a paradigm shift in shape-selective sorting of submicron particles and expands the boundary of optofluidics-based particle manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Shi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Haitao Zhao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Kim Truc Nguyen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Lip Ket Chin
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Tongtong Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117583 , Singapore
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Yefeng Yu
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210094 , China
| | - Hong Cai
- Institute of Microelectronics , A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-02 Innovis Tower , Singapore 138634 , Singapore
| | - Peng Huat Yap
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 308232 , Singapore
| | - Patricia Yang Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Sha Xiong
- School of Information Science & Engineering , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117583 , Singapore
| | - Che Ting Chan
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong, China
| | - Ai Qun Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Andre C, de Jesus Pimentel-Filho N, de Almeida Costa PM, Vanetti MCD. Changes in the composition and architecture of staphylococcal biofilm by nisin. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:1083-1090. [PMID: 31456169 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are involved in various medical infections and food contamination episodes and, for this reason, it is of great importance to developing new strategies of its prevention and control. The subinhibitory concentration of nisin was determined, and its effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms was evaluated. Results obtained by confocal laser microscopy demonstrated morphological changes in the architecture of the structure of biofilms. The main components (polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular DNA (eDNA)) of the biofilm matrix were determined by spectrophotometry and showed that the formation of staphylococcal biofilms in the presence of nisin results in a less dense matrix structure with modification in its constituents. These results contribute to increase the knowledge of the composition and architecture of the extracellular matrix of biofilms of S. aureus, as well as evidence that the investigation of alternative products to assist in the control and combat of biofilms is a promising strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cleriane Andre
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Natan de Jesus Pimentel-Filho
- Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros - SP 189, km 12, Buri, São Paulo, 18290-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mafra de Almeida Costa
- Instituto Federal Catarinense - Campus Concórdia, Rod. SC 283, km 8, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, 89703-720, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Dantas Vanetti
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Reduction of tetrazolium salts to colored formazan products by metabolically active cells is widely used for assessment of cell viability. Among the tetrazolium compounds most commonly used is MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]. Numerous studies about sites and mechanisms of cellular reduction of MTT, performed in mammalian cell cultures, have identified various parameters that affect formazan production and can lead to overestimation/underestimation of viable cells or effects of treatment. Irrespective of lack of such data for prokaryotic cells, the MTT assay is commonly used for microbiological studies, which often leads to contradictory results or misinterpretation of data. The aim of this study was to investigate how components of growth media and conditions of growth, affect formazan formation by microbial cells. Results showed that MTT reduction depended on the amino acid composition of the medium. Several amino acids potentiated formazan production by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with histidine having the strongest effect. Results of this study demonstrate that data obtained with the MTT test should be interpreted with caution, particularly when different growth media are used or treatments affect metabolic pathways, and that evaluation of the reliability of the MTT assay under specific conditions should be performed, to avoid erroneous results. Performing the assay with cells suspend in glucose-supplemented buffer would eliminate the effects of metabolites and will limit cell division during incubation with MTT. Another critical element to be considered is the choice of a proper solvent for dissolution of formazan crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmil Benov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Graf AC, Leonard A, Schäuble M, Rieckmann LM, Hoyer J, Maass S, Lalk M, Becher D, Pané-Farré J, Riedel K. Virulence Factors Produced by Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms Have a Moonlighting Function Contributing to Biofilm Integrity. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1036-1053. [PMID: 30850421 PMCID: PMC6553939 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent of various biofilm-associated infections in humans causing major healthcare problems worldwide. This type of infection is inherently difficult to treat because of a reduced metabolic activity of biofilm-embedded cells and the protective nature of a surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). However, little is known about S. aureus biofilm physiology and the proteinaceous composition of the ECM. Thus, we cultivated S. aureus biofilms in a flow system and comprehensively profiled intracellular and extracellular (ECM and flow-through (FT)) biofilm proteomes, as well as the extracellular metabolome compared with planktonic cultures. Our analyses revealed the expression of many pathogenicity factors within S. aureus biofilms as indicated by a high abundance of capsule biosynthesis proteins along with various secreted virulence factors, including hemolysins, leukotoxins, and lipases as a part of the ECM. The activity of ECM virulence factors was confirmed in a hemolysis assay and a Galleria mellonella pathogenicity model. In addition, we uncovered a so far unacknowledged moonlighting function of secreted virulence factors and ribosomal proteins trapped in the ECM: namely their contribution to biofilm integrity. Mechanistically, it was revealed that this stabilizing effect is mediated by the strong positive charge of alkaline virulence factors and ribosomal proteins in an acidic ECM environment, which is caused by the release of fermentation products like formate, lactate, and acetate because of oxygen limitation in biofilms. The strong positive charge of these proteins most likely mediates electrostatic interactions with anionic cell surface components, eDNA, and anionic metabolites. In consequence, this leads to strong cell aggregation and biofilm stabilization. Collectively, our study identified a new molecular mechanism during S. aureus biofilm formation and thus significantly widens the understanding of biofilm-associated S. aureus infections - an essential prerequisite for the development of novel antimicrobial therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Graf
- From the ‡Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology
| | - Anne Leonard
- §Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics
| | - Manuel Schäuble
- From the ‡Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology
| | - Lisa M Rieckmann
- From the ‡Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology
| | - Juliane Hoyer
- ¶Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Proteomics; University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Maass
- ¶Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Proteomics; University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- §Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics
| | - Dörte Becher
- ¶Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Proteomics; University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Pané-Farré
- From the ‡Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology
| | - Katharina Riedel
- From the ‡Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao X, Tang Q, Zhu S, Bu W, Yang M, Liu X, Meng Y, Yu W, Sun H, Yang B. Controllable acidophilic dual-emission fluorescent carbonized polymer dots for selective imaging of bacteria. Nanoscale 2019; 11:9526-9532. [PMID: 31049503 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01118h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent materials can be powerful contrast agents in photoelectric devices and for bioimaging. As emerging fluorescent materials, carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) with high quantum yields (QYs), long-wavelength emission and multiple functions are highly desired. Despite great progress in the synthetic methods and QYs of CPDs, multiple emission of CPDs is challenging. Therefore, we developed CPDs with dual-emission fluorescence in terms of inherent blue and red emission. In addition, CPDs with sole blue emission (B-CPDs) and red emission (R-CPDs) were synthesized, respectively, by regulating the reaction conditions to control the quantitative structure and emission centers. The absolute QY of R-CPDs in water was 24.33%. These three types of CPDs with dual/sole emission could be used in optoelectronic and bioimaging applications. With different CPDs coated on a commercially available gallium nitride light-emitting diode chip as a color-conversion layer, LEDs with blue, yellow, and red emission were achieved. Benefiting from the different emission intensities and emission peaks of R/B-CPDs in different pH conditions, they were used (without further modification) to distinguish between Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in dental plaque biofilms (the first time this has been demonstrated). These findings could enable a new development direction of CPDs based on the design of multi-emission centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Taguchi A, Welsh MA, Marmont LS, Lee W, Sjodt M, Kruse AC, Kahne D, Bernhardt TG, Walker S. FtsW is a peptidoglycan polymerase that is functional only in complex with its cognate penicillin-binding protein. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:587-594. [PMID: 30692671 PMCID: PMC6430707 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The peptidoglycan cell wall is essential for the survival and morphogenesis of bacteria1. For decades, it was thought that only class A penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and related enzymes effected peptidoglycan synthesis. Recently, it was shown that RodA-a member of the unrelated SEDS protein family-also acts as a peptidoglycan polymerase2-4. Not all bacteria require RodA for growth; however, its homologue, FtsW, is a core member of the divisome complex that appears to be universally essential for septal cell wall assembly5,6. FtsW was previously proposed to translocate the peptidoglycan precursor lipid II across the cytoplasmic membrane7,8. Here, we report that purified FtsW polymerizes lipid II into peptidoglycan, but show that its polymerase activity requires complex formation with its partner class B PBP. We further demonstrate that the polymerase activity of FtsW is required for its function in vivo. Thus, our findings establish FtsW as a peptidoglycan polymerase that works with its cognate class B PBP to produce septal peptidoglycan during cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Taguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Welsh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindsey S Marmont
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wonsik Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Megan Sjodt
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew C Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Kahne
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas G Bernhardt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Suzanne Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Portela R, Almeida PL, Sobral RG, Leal CR. Motility and cell shape roles in the rheology of growing bacteria cultures. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2019; 42:26. [PMID: 30810829 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell shape, size and self-motility appear as determinant intrinsic cell factors in the rheological behavior of living bacterial cultures during the growth process. In this work three different species were considered due to their differences on these intrinsic characteristics: two different strains of Staphylococcus aureus - strain COL and its isogenic cell wall autolysis mutant, RUSAL9 - both non-motile and Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis - both presenting intrinsic motility. In situ real-time rheology, was used to characterize the activity of growing bacteria, under steady-shear conditions, in particular the viscosity growth curve was measured, for a constant shear flow rate, presenting for all studied cultures, different and rich flow curves. These complex rheological behaviors are a consequence of two coupled effects: the cell density continuous increase and its changing interacting properties, where cell size and shape and intrinsic motility are major players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Portela
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology of Bacterial Pathogens, UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - P L Almeida
- Área Departamental de Física, ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, P-1959-007, Lisboa, Portugal
- CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - R G Sobral
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology of Bacterial Pathogens, UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - C R Leal
- Área Departamental de Física, ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, P-1959-007, Lisboa, Portugal.
- CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kolewe KW, Kalasin S, Shave M, Schiffman JD, Santore MM. Mechanical Properties and Concentrations of Poly(ethylene glycol) in Hydrogels and Brushes Direct the Surface Transport of Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:320-330. [PMID: 30595023 PMCID: PMC6771038 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface-associated transport of flowing bacteria, including cell rolling, is a mechanism for otherwise immobile bacteria to migrate on surfaces and could be associated with biofilm formation or the spread of infection. This work demonstrates how the moduli and/or local polymer concentration play critical roles in sustaining contact, dynamic adhesion, and transport of bacterial cells along a hydrogel or hydrated brush surface. In particular, stiffer more concentrated hydrogels and brushes maintained the greatest dynamic contact, still allowing cells to travel along the surface in flow. This study addressed how the mechanical properties, molecular architectures, and thicknesses of minimally adhesive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based coatings influence the flow-driven surface motion of Staphylococcus aureus MS2 cells. Three protein-repellant PEG-dimethylacrylate hydrogel films (∼100 μm thick) and two protein-repellant PEG brushes (8-16 nm thick) were sufficiently fouling-resistant to prevent the accumulation of flowing bacteria. However, the rolling or hopping-like motions of gently flowing S. aureus cells along the surfaces were specific to the particular hydrogel or brush, distinguishing these coatings in terms of their mechanical properties (with moduli from 2 to 1300 kPa) or local PEG concentrations (in the range 10-50% PEG). On the stiffer hydrogel coatings having higher PEG concentrations, S. aureus exhibited long runs of surface rolling, 20-50 μm in length, an increased tendency of cells to repeatedly return to some surfaces after rolling and escaping, and relatively long integrated contact times. By contrast, on the softer more dilute hydrogels, bacteria tended to encounter the surface for brief periods before escaping without return. The dynamic adhesion and motion signatures of the cells on the two brushes were bracketed by those on the soft and stiff hydrogels, demonstrating that PEG coating thickness was not important in these studies where the vertically oriented surfaces minimized the impact of gravitational forces. Control studies with similarly sized poly(ethylene oxide)-coated rigid spherical microparticles, that also did not arrest on the PEG coatings, established that the bacterial skipping and rolling signatures were specific to the S. aureus cells and not simply diffusive. Dynamic adhesion of the S. aureus cells on the PEG hydrogel surfaces correlated well with quiescent 24 h adhesion studies in the literature, despite the orientation of the flow studies that eliminated the influence of gravity on bacteria-coating normal forces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher W. Kolewe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9303, United States
| | - Surachate Kalasin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9303, United States
| | - Molly Shave
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9303, United States
| | - Jessica D. Schiffman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9303, United States
- Corresponding Authors: . Phone: (413) 545-6143 (J.D.S.)., . Phone: (413) 577-1417 (M.M.S.)
| | - Maria M. Santore
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9303, United States
- Corresponding Authors: . Phone: (413) 545-6143 (J.D.S.)., . Phone: (413) 577-1417 (M.M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) is based on the detection of scattered light and fluorescence to identify cells with characteristics of interest. Many flow cytometers cannot precisely control the flow through its interrogation point and hence the volume and concentration of the sample cannot be immediately obtained. Here we describe the optimization and evaluation of a bead-based method for absolute cell counting applicable to basic flow cytometers without specialized counting features. Prior to the application of this method to an unknown concentration of a species of bacteria, a calibration experiment should be completed to characterize limits of detection and range of linearity with respect to the plate count method. To demonstrate the calibration process, mixtures of Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus with proportions of live and dead cells ranging from 0% to 100% were prepared. These samples were stained using nucleic acid-binding dyes, and 6 μm reference beads were added (LIVE/DEAD® BacLight kit). The calibration samples were analyzed using bead-based FCM as well as the agar plate count method, and the results from both methods were compared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ou
- Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Cushla McGoverin
- Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joni White
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon Swift
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Frédérique Vanholsbeeck
- Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lan L, Chen D, Yao Y, Peng X, Wu J, Li Y, Ping J, Ying Y. Phase-Dependent Fluorescence Quenching Efficiency of MoS 2 Nanosheets and Their Applications in Multiplex Target Biosensing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:42009-42017. [PMID: 30421908 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional layered transition-metal dichalcogenide nanosheets have shown great potential in biosensors owing to their unique properties. Here, we exfoliated ultrathin metallic and semiconductive MoS2 nanosheets based on a chemical exfoliation method. We compared the difference of fluorescence quenching efficiency between metallic and semiconductive MoS2 nanosheets. We found that the fluorescence quenching efficiency of MoS2 nanosheets is phase-dependent. The ultrathin metallic MoS2 nanosheets with larger contents of a 1T-phase structure show higher fluorescence quenching efficiency than semiconductive MoS2 nanosheets, which can be ascribed to the higher conductivity of metallic MoS2 nanosheets. On the basis of the excellent fluorescence quenching efficiency of metallic MoS2 nanosheets and their discriminative adsorption toward single-strand DNA and double-strand DNA, a fluorescent biosensor for multiplex detection of DNA was developed. This fluorescent biosensing platform allows simultaneous fluorescence quenching of two single-strand DNA probes labeled with different fluorophores, resulting in multiplex detection of different DNA sequences in one homogeneous solution with high sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Lan
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China
| | - Danke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Yao Yao
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China
| | - Yanbin Li
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China
| | - Yibin Ying
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China
- Zhejiang A&F University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 311300 , China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Santos SS, Augusto DG, Alves PAC, Pereira JS, Duarte LMB, Melo PC, Gross E, Kaneto CM, Silva A, Santos JL. Trichoderma asperelloides ethanolic extracts efficiently inhibit Staphylococcus growth and biofilm formation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202828. [PMID: 30142222 PMCID: PMC6108504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi from the widely distributed genus Trichoderma are of great biotechnological interest, being currently used in a vast range of applications. Here, we report that high-molecular weight fraction (HWF) derived from Trichoderma asperelloides ethanolic extract exhibits antibiotic activity against staphylococcal biofilms. The antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of T. asperelloides extracts were evaluated by well-established assays in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC strains (29213 and 6538) and in one clinical isolate from bovine mastitis. The HWF from T. asperelloides eradicated S. aureus by causing substantial matrix de-structuring and biomass reduction (p < 10-5) at concentrations as low as 2.3 μg mL-1. Additionally, we present ultra-structure analysis by the use of scanning electron microscopy as well as transmission microscopy, which showed that T. asperelloides killed cells through cell wall and membrane disturbance. Remarkably, the HWF from T. asperelloides killed S. aureus and eradicated its biofilms in a greater performance than gentamicin (p < 10-5), a known potent antibiotic against S. aureus. Our results indicate that extract from T. asperelloides may represent a promising candidate for the development of new antibiotics against gram-positive bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone S. Santos
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Danillo G. Augusto
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A. Casaes Alves
- Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Julia S. Pereira
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Larissa M. B. Duarte
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Poliana C. Melo
- Hospital Veterinário Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Gross
- Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Carla M. Kaneto
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Jane L. Santos
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zomorodian K, Veisi H, Mousavi SM, Ataabadi MS, Yazdanpanah S, Bagheri J, Mehr AP, Hemmati S, Veisi H. Modified magnetic nanoparticles by PEG-400-immobilized Ag nanoparticles (Fe 3O 4@PEG-Ag) as a core/shell nanocomposite and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3965-3973. [PMID: 30022820 PMCID: PMC6042532 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s161002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noble metal nanoparticles, due to their good physicochemical properties, have been exploited in biological applications. Among these metals, nanosilver has attracted great attention because of its optical properties and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities with no drug tolerance. PURPOSE The present study has attempted to conduct chemical synthesis of Fe3O4@PEG-Ag core/shell nanocomposites in aqueous solutions through co-precipitation of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions, encapsulating the iron oxide core by poly (ethylene-glycol) (PEG) improve its hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, and immobilizing silver ions by application of NaBH4 as a reducing agent. PATIENTS AND METHODS The synthesized structures were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum, wavelength-dispersive X-ray, vibrating sample magnetometer, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy methods. Antimicrobial activity of the nanostructures against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans was evaluated by broth microdilution based on the methods suggested by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. Furthermore, the nanocomposite was tested for possible anti-parasitic effects against Leishmania major promastigotes by MTT assay. Also, its impacts on bacterial cell morphology were defined using atomic force microscopy. Moreover, toxicity of the nanostructure related to animal cell line was determined based on MTT assay. RESULTS In general, the synthesized core/shell nanostructure can demonstrate noticeable activity against the evaluated representative microorganisms while its toxicity against animal cell line is not considerable. CONCLUSION This nanostructure can be applied as a smart drug delivery system with the help of an external magnetic field or it can be used as a powerful antibiotic agent along with other antibiotics that can form a shell on its structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Medical Mycology, Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Veisi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Mousavi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Sadeghi Ataabadi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Yazdanpanah
- Department of Medical Mycology, Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jafar Bagheri
- Department of Medical Mycology, Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Parvizi Mehr
- Department of Medical Mycology, Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saba Hemmati
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Hojat Veisi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zeng J, Hu Y, Jia T, Zhang R, Su T, Sun J, Gao H, Li G, Cao M, Song M. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of sialylated lactuloses and their inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199334. [PMID: 29924858 PMCID: PMC6010273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sialylated glycoconjugates play important roles in physiological and pathological processes. However, available sialylated oligosaccharides source is limited which is a barrier to study their biological roles. This work reports an efficient approach to produce sialic acid-modified lactuloses and investigates their inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Methods A one-pot two-enzyme (OPTE) sialylation system was used to efficiently synthesize sialylated lactuloses. Silica gel flash chromatography column was employed to purify the sialylated products. The purity and identity of the product structures were confirmed with mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The inhibitory effect of sialylated lactuloses against S. aureus was evaluated by using microplate assay, fluorescence microscopy, DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) fluorescence staining and protein leakage quantification. Results Neu5Ac-containing sialylated lactuloses with either α2,3- or α2,6-linkages were efficiently synthesized via an efficient OPTE sialylation system using α-2,3-sialyltransferase or α-2,6-sialyltransferase, respectively. Neu5Ac-α2,3-lactulose and Neu5Ac-α2,6-lactulose significantly inhibited the growth of S. aureus. Fluorescence microscopy and DAPI fluorescence staining indicated that the sialylated lactuloses might disrupt nucleic acid synthesis of S. aureus. Conclusions Neu5Ac-containing sialylated lactuloses had higher antibacterial activity against S. aureus than non-sialylated lactulose. The inhibitory effect of Neu5Ac-α2,3-lactulose was superior to that of Neu5Ac-α2,6-lactulose. The sialylated lactuloses might inhibit S. aureus by causing cell membrane leakage and disrupting nucleic acid synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yajie Hu
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tian Jia
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ruiyao Zhang
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tongchao Su
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junliang Sun
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guanglei Li
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Meng Cao
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mengdi Song
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Das B, Moumita S, Ghosh S, Khan MI, Indira D, Jayabalan R, Tripathy SK, Mishra A, Balasubramanian P. Biosynthesis of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoflakes by using leaf extract of Bauhinia purpurea and evaluation of its antibacterial property against Staphylococcus aureus. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2018; 91:436-444. [PMID: 30033274 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiotechnology has become a newly evolving field of interest in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility and non-toxic nature towards the environment. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have been widely used as an antibacterial agent due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens, which leads to the outbreak of infectious diseases. In the present paper, biogenic synthesis of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoflakes is reported by using Bauhinia purpurea leaf extract through alkaline precipitation method along with its detailed characterization. The average size of synthesized nanoflakes was found to be around 11 nm. Electron microscopy was used to investigate the morphology of the MgO nanoflakes. Additionally, the presence of antioxidants, phenolics and flavonoids in B. purpurea leaf extract has been studied by using different assays, which suggested the efficacy of leaf extract as a potential reducing agent for MgO nanoflakes synthesis. Antibacterial activity of synthesized MgO nanoflakes was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, a gram positive bacteria known to cause various infections in humans. Results suggested the high efficacy of MgO nanoflakes as a potential antibacterial agent against S. aureus at meager dose size (250 μg/ml) and possible mode of action was investigated through surface morphology analysis of bacterial cells by field emission scanning electron microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Das
- Bioenergy and Environmental Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Sahoo Moumita
- Food Microbiology and Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Soumen Ghosh
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Md Imran Khan
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Dash Indira
- Food Microbiology and Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - R Jayabalan
- Food Microbiology and Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
| | - Suraj K Tripathy
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Amrita Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - P Balasubramanian
- Bioenergy and Environmental Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jiang Y, Liang X, Guo M, Cao Y, Cai S. Fracture mechanics modeling of popping event during daughter cell separation. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2018; 17:1131-1137. [PMID: 29748837 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-018-1019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Most bacteria cells divide by binary fission which is part of a bacteria cell cycle and requires tight regulations and precise coordination. Fast separation of Staphylococcus Aureus (S. Aureus) daughter cells, named as popping event, has been observed in recent experiments. The popping event was proposed to be driven by mechanical crack propagation in the peripheral ring which connected two daughter cells before their separation. It has also been shown that after the fast separation, a small portion of the peripheral ring was left as a hinge. In the article, we develop a fracture mechanics model for the crack growth in the peripheral ring during S. Aureus daughter cell separation. In particular, using finite element analysis, we calculate the energy release rate associated with the crack growth in the peripheral ring, when daughter cells are inflated by a uniform turgor pressure inside. Our results show that with a fixed inflation of daughter cells, the energy release rate depends on the crack length non-monotonically. The energy release rate reaches a maximum value for a crack of an intermediate length. The non-monotonic relationship between the energy release rate and crack length clearly indicates that the crack propagation in the peripheral ring can be unstable. The computed energy release rate as a function of crack length can also be used to explain the existence of a small portion of peripheral ring remained as hinge after the popping event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Liang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yanping Cao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqiang Cai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Prystopiuk V, Feuillie C, Herman-Bausier P, Viela F, Alsteens D, Pietrocola G, Speziale P, Dufrêne YF. Mechanical Forces Guiding Staphylococcus aureus Cellular Invasion. ACS Nano 2018; 12:3609-3622. [PMID: 29633832 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus can invade various types of mammalian cells, thereby enabling it to evade host immune defenses and antibiotics. The current model for cellular invasion involves the interaction between the bacterial cell surface located fibronectin (Fn)-binding proteins (FnBPA and FnBPB) and the α5β1 integrin in the host cell membrane. While it is believed that the extracellular matrix protein Fn serves as a bridging molecule between FnBPs and integrins, the fundamental forces involved are not known. Using single-cell and single-molecule experiments, we unravel the molecular forces guiding S. aureus cellular invasion, focusing on the prototypical three-component FnBPA-Fn-integrin interaction. We show that FnBPA mediates bacterial adhesion to soluble Fn via strong forces (∼1500 pN), consistent with a high-affinity tandem β-zipper, and that the FnBPA-Fn complex further binds to immobilized α5β1 integrins with a strength much higher than that of the classical Fn-integrin bond (∼100 pN). The high mechanical stability of the Fn bridge favors an invasion model in which Fn binding by FnBPA leads to the exposure of cryptic integrin-binding sites via allosteric activation, which in turn engage in a strong interaction with integrins. This activation mechanism emphasizes the importance of protein mechanobiology in regulating bacterial-host adhesion. We also find that Fn-dependent adhesion between S. aureus and endothelial cells strengthens with time, suggesting that internalization occurs within a few minutes. Collectively, our results provide a molecular foundation for the ability of FnBPA to trigger host cell invasion by S. aureus and offer promising prospects for the development of therapeutic approaches against intracellular pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Prystopiuk
- Institute of Life Sciences , Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06 , B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Cécile Feuillie
- Institute of Life Sciences , Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06 , B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Philippe Herman-Bausier
- Institute of Life Sciences , Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06 , B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Felipe Viela
- Institute of Life Sciences , Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06 , B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - David Alsteens
- Institute of Life Sciences , Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06 , B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | | | | | - Yves F Dufrêne
- Institute of Life Sciences , Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06 , B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO) , 4000 Liège , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zeden MS, Schuster CF, Bowman L, Zhong Q, Williams HD, Gründling A. Cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is required for osmotic regulation in Staphylococcus aureus but dispensable for viability in anaerobic conditions. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3180-3200. [PMID: 29326168 PMCID: PMC5836111 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.818716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is a recently discovered signaling molecule important for the survival of Firmicutes, a large bacterial group that includes notable pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus However, the exact role of this molecule has not been identified. dacA, the S. aureus gene encoding the diadenylate cyclase enzyme required for c-di-AMP production, cannot be deleted when bacterial cells are grown in rich medium, indicating that c-di-AMP is required for growth in this condition. Here, we report that an S. aureus dacA mutant can be generated in chemically defined medium. Consistent with previous findings, this mutant had a severe growth defect when cultured in rich medium. Using this growth defect in rich medium, we selected for suppressor strains with improved growth to identify c-di-AMP-requiring pathways. Mutations bypassing the essentiality of dacA were identified in alsT and opuD, encoding a predicted amino acid and osmolyte transporter, the latter of which we show here to be the main glycine betaine-uptake system in S. aureus. Inactivation of these transporters likely prevents the excessive osmolyte and amino acid accumulation in the cell, providing further evidence for a key role of c-di-AMP in osmotic regulation. Suppressor mutations were also obtained in hepS, hemB, ctaA, and qoxB, coding proteins required for respiration. Furthermore, we show that dacA is dispensable for growth in anaerobic conditions. Together, these findings reveal an essential role for the c-di-AMP signaling network in aerobic, but not anaerobic, respiration in S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merve S Zeden
- From the Section of Microbiology and Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection and
| | - Christopher F Schuster
- From the Section of Microbiology and Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection and
| | - Lisa Bowman
- From the Section of Microbiology and Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection and
| | - Qiyun Zhong
- From the Section of Microbiology and Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection and
| | - Huw D Williams
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Angelika Gründling
- From the Section of Microbiology and Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection and
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vallu RK, Velugula K, Doshi S, Chinta JP. Colorimetric and fluorimetric detection of Hg 2+ and Cr 3+ by boronic acid conjugated rhodamine derivatives: Mechanistic aspects and their bio-imaging application in bacterial cells. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 189:556-562. [PMID: 28866411 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorimetric and fluorimetric detection of toxic metal ions such as Hg2+ and Cr3+ has gained tremendous popularity over the conventional methods due to their operational simplicity, high selectivity, and speediness. Although numerous colorimetric and fluorescent receptors for Hg2+ or Cr3+ were reported in the literature, boronic acid-based receptors for these metal ions are rather scarce in the literature. Hence, in the present study dual function boronic acid conjugated rhodamine derivatives were developed, and their toxic metal ion detection abilities were studied by absorption, emission and visual detection methods. Absorption and emission spectral studies revealed that these derivatives displayed selectivity towards Hg2+, Cr3+ and Fe3+ among the other metal ions studied by forming new absorption band. Both the derivatives exhibited colorimetric response towards Hg2+ and Cr3+ by the change in color of the solution to pink and reddish pink with Fe3+. The detailed mechanism involved in the detection of Hg2+ was deduced by 1H NMR and ESI-MS studies. Further, these derivatives were used for fluorescence imaging of Hg2+ and Cr3+ in S. aureus bacterial cells. Thus the present manuscript demonstrated the use of boronic acid conjugated rhodamine derivatives as a dual function (colorimetric and fluorescent) probes and as imaging agents for Hg2+ and Cr3+, which are known for their toxic influence on bacterial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rama Krishna Vallu
- Resource Quality Assessment Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad 826015, India
| | - Krishna Velugula
- Analytical Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Sejal Doshi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jugun Prakash Chinta
- Analytical Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wypij M, Czarnecka J, Świecimska M, Dahm H, Rai M, Golinska P. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized from Streptomyces xinghaiensis OF1 strain. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:23. [PMID: 29305718 PMCID: PMC5756267 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We report synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Streptomyces xinghaiensis OF1 strain, which were characterised by UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Zeta sizer, Nano tracking analyser, and Transmission electron microscopy. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs alone, and in combination with antibiotics was evaluated against bacteria, namely Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and yeasts viz., Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur by using micro-dilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum biocidal concentration of AgNPs against bacterial and yeast strains were determined. Synergistic effect of AgNPs in combination with antibacterial and antifungal antibiotics was determined by FIC index. In addition, MTT assay was performed to study cytotoxicity of AgNPs alone and in combination with antibiotics against mouse fibroblasts and HeLa cell line. Biogenic AgNPs were stable, spherical, small, polydispersed and capped with organic compounds. The variable antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was observed against tested bacteria and yeasts. The lowest MIC (16 µg ml-1) of AgNPs was found against P. aeruginosa, followed by C. albicans and M. furfur (both 32 µg ml-1), B. subtilis and E. coli (both 64 µg ml-1), and then S. aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae (256 µg ml-1). The high synergistic effect of antibiotics in combination with AgNPs against tested strains was found. The in vitro cytotoxicity of AgNPs against mouse fibroblasts and cancer HeLa cell lines revealed a dose dependent potential. The IC50 value of AgNPs was found in concentrations of 4 and 3.8 µg ml-1, respectively. Combination of AgNPs and antibiotics significantly decreased concentrations of both antimicrobials used and retained their high antibacterial and antifungal activity. The synthesis of AgNPs using S. xinghaiensis OF1 strain is an eco-friendly, cheap and nontoxic method. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs could result from their small size. Remarkable synergistic effect of antibiotics and AgNPs offer their valuable potential in nanomedicine for clinical application as a combined therapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wypij
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87 100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Czarnecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87 100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Magdalena Świecimska
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87 100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Hanna Dahm
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87 100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Mahendra Rai
- Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, 444602, India
| | - Patrycja Golinska
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87 100, Toruń, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vitry P, Valotteau C, Feuillie C, Bernard S, Alsteens D, Geoghegan JA, Dufrêne YF. Force-Induced Strengthening of the Interaction between Staphylococcus aureus Clumping Factor B and Loricrin. mBio 2017; 8:e01748-17. [PMID: 29208742 PMCID: PMC5717387 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01748-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens that colonize host surfaces are subjected to physical stresses such as fluid flow and cell surface contacts. How bacteria respond to such mechanical cues is an important yet poorly understood issue. Staphylococcus aureus uses a repertoire of surface proteins to resist shear stress during the colonization of host tissues, but whether their adhesive functions can be modulated by physical forces is not known. Here, we show that the interaction of S. aureus clumping factor B (ClfB) with the squamous epithelial cell envelope protein loricrin is enhanced by mechanical force. We find that ClfB mediates S. aureus adhesion to loricrin through weak and strong molecular interactions both in a laboratory strain and in a clinical isolate. Strong forces (~1,500 pN), among the strongest measured for a receptor-ligand bond, are consistent with a high-affinity "dock, lock, and latch" binding mechanism involving dynamic conformational changes in the adhesin. Notably, we demonstrate that the strength of the ClfB-loricrin bond increases as mechanical force is applied. These findings favor a two-state model whereby bacterial adhesion to loricrin is enhanced through force-induced conformational changes in the ClfB molecule, from a weakly binding folded state to a strongly binding extended state. This force-sensitive mechanism may provide S. aureus with a means to finely tune its adhesive properties during the colonization of host surfaces, helping cells to attach firmly under high shear stress and to detach and spread under low shear stress.IMPORTANCEStaphylococcus aureus colonizes the human skin and the nose and can cause various disorders, including superficial skin lesions and invasive infections. During nasal colonization, the S. aureus surface protein clumping factor B (ClfB) binds to the squamous epithelial cell envelope protein loricrin, but the molecular interactions involved are poorly understood. Here, we unravel the molecular mechanism guiding the ClfB-loricrin interaction. We show that the ClfB-loricrin bond is remarkably strong, consistent with a high-affinity "dock, lock, and latch" binding mechanism. We discover that the ClfB-loricrin interaction is enhanced under tensile loading, thus providing evidence that the function of an S. aureus surface protein can be activated by physical stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Vitry
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Claire Valotteau
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Cécile Feuillie
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Simon Bernard
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - David Alsteens
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Joan A Geoghegan
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yves F Dufrêne
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wavre, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li J, Suo Y, Liao X, Ahn J, Liu D, Chen S, Ye X, Ding T. Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus cell viability, sublethal injury and death induced by synergistic combination of ultrasound and mild heat. Ultrason Sonochem 2017; 39:101-110. [PMID: 28732925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the combined effects of ultrasound and mild heat on the viability of S. aureus in association with the cell membrane integrity and intracellular enzyme activity. Cells were treated by ultrasound under 55°C for 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15min. The dynamic changes of S. aureus cell viability, sublethal injury and death were evaluated using flow cytometric assay. Microscopies were applied to identify the morphological appearance, ultrastructure and topography of S. aureus. The results showed the membrane damage was synchronous with esterase inhibition during the exposure to sonication, leading to the immediate lethal effect. On the other hand, bacteria under the mild heat at 55°C were inactivated via a sublethal injury process. The different lethal modes were observed between sonication and mild heat treatments, which could synergistically inactivate S. aureus. The antibacterial value of thermo-sonication was greater than the sum of the individual treatments. The thermo-sonication combination synergistically reduced the number of sublethal cells and also resulted in severe cell damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanjie Suo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Liao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juhee Ahn
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Gangwon, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghong Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian Ding
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tian F, Zhang W, Cai L, Li S, Hu G, Cong Y, Liu C, Li T, Sun J. Microfluidic co-flow of Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids for high-resolution separation of microparticles. Lab Chip 2017; 17:3078-3085. [PMID: 28805872 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00671c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The microfluidic passive control of microparticles largely relies on the hydrodynamic effects of the carrier media such as Newtonian fluids and viscoelastic fluids. Yet the viscoelastic/Newtonian interfacial effect has been scarcely investigated, especially for high-resolution particle separation. Here we report a microfluidic co-flow of Newtonian (water or PBS) and viscoelastic fluids (PEO) for the size-dependent separation of microparticles. The co-flow condition generates a stable viscoelastic/Newtonian interface, giving rise to the wall-directed elastic lift forces that compete with the center-directed lift forces, and efficiently hinders the migration of microparticles from the Newtonian to the viscoelastic fluid in a size-dependent manner. An almost complete separation of a binary mixture of 1 μm and 2 μm polystyrene particles is achieved by the co-flow of water and a very dilute PEO solution (100 ppm), whereas the sole use of water or PEO could not lead to an efficient separation. This co-flow microfluidic system is also applied for the separation of Staphylococcus aureus (1 μm) from platelets (2-3 μm) with >90% efficiencies and purities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li J, Ding T, Liao X, Chen S, Ye X, Liu D. Synergetic effects of ultrasound and slightly acidic electrolyzed water against Staphylococcus aureus evaluated by flow cytometry and electron microscopy. Ultrason Sonochem 2017; 38:711-719. [PMID: 27590751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the synergetic effects of ultrasound and slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) on the inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus using flow cytometry and electron microscopy. The individual ultrasound treatment for 10min only resulted in 0.36logCFU/mL reductions of S. aureus, while the SAEW treatment alone for 10min resulted in 3.06logCFU/mL reductions. The log reductions caused by combined treatment were enhanced to 3.68logCFU/mL, which were greater than the sum of individual treatments. This phenomenon was referred to as synergistic effects. FCM analysis distinguished live and dead cells as well as revealed dynamic changes in the physiological states of S. aureus after different treatments. The combined treatment greatly reduced the number of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) bacteria to 0.07%; in contrast, a single ultrasound treatment for 10min induced the formation of VBNC cells to 45.75%. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that greater damage to the appearance and ultrastructure of S. aureus were achieved after combined ultrasound-SAEW treatment compared to either treatment alone. These results indicated that combining ultrasound with SAEW is a promising sterilization technology with potential uses for environmental remediation and food preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian Ding
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinyu Liao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The ability of bacteria to move is critical for their survival in diverse environments and multiple ways have evolved to achieve this. Two forms of motility have recently been described for Staphylococcus aureus, an organism previously considered to be non-motile. One form is called spreading, which is a type of sliding motility and the second form involves comet formation, which has many observable characteristics associated with gliding motility. Darting motility has also been observed in Staphylococcus epidermidis. This review describes how motility is defined and how we distinguish between passive and active motility. We discuss the characteristics of the various forms of Staphylococci motility, the molecular mechanisms involved and the potential future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J G Pollitt
- Department of Biomedical Science, Western Bank, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stephen P Diggle
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The mode of action for desleucyl-oritavancin was investigated by adding an antibiotic to Staphylococcus aureus during its growth in a defined medium containing l,d-[1-15N]Ala and l-[1-13C]Lys, or d-[1-15N]Ala. 13C{15N} and 15N{13C} rotational-echo double resonance NMR determined that desleucyl-oritavancin inhibited the incorporation of d-[1-15N]Ala into wall teichoic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ujimine S, Tone S, Saito M, Yamada S. Intracellular morphological changes in Staphylococcus aureus induced by treatment with sodium hypochlorite. Med Mol Morphol 2017; 50:178-184. [PMID: 28516285 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-017-0159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is commonly used as a disinfectant; however, its bactericidal mechanism has not yet been clarified. In the present study, the bactericidal mechanism of NaOCl was examined using microscopy and gel electrophoresis techniques with Staphylococcus aureus strain 209P. S. aureus cells treated with 500 and 1000 ppm NaOCl for 5 and 15 min were observed by SEM and TEM. SEM images of the bacterial cells treated with NaOCl showed an irregular surface, with cells being partially invaginated. TEM images of the bacterial cells showed cytoplasmic alterations, accompanied by a partially irregular cellular surface. Under a fluorescence microscope, we clearly observed fluorescence quenching in the 1000 ppm NaOCl-treated cells. Based on these observations, which indicated that NaOCl damaged chromosomal DNA, we next extracted chromosomal DNA from bacterial cells treated with NaOCl and performed agarose gel electrophoresis. Chromosomal DNA was absent in the DNA sample from the bacterial cells treated with 500 ppm NaOCl. From these biochemical results, it was strongly suggested that NaOCl degrades the chromosomal DNA of S. aureus. We consider that the morphological changes in the cytoplasm induced by NaOCl may be related to NaOCl-induced degradation of S. aureus chromosomal DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Ujimine
- Department of Health Science, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0193, Japan.
| | - Shigenobu Tone
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Saitama, 350-0394, Japan
| | - Mineki Saito
- Department of Microbiology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Sakuo Yamada
- Department of Health Science, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0193, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li Z, Tan J, Shao L, Dong X, Ye RD, Chen D. Selenium-mediated protection in reversing the sensitivity of bacterium to the bactericidal antibiotics. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 41:23-31. [PMID: 28347459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inducing production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important criterion to distinguish the bactericidal antibiotics from bacteriostatic antibiotics. Selenoenzymes were generally recognized to be a powerful antioxidant capable of scavenging free radicals, protecting the cells from the harmful effects of ROS. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the selenium (Se)-mediated protection in reversing antibiotic sensitivity and the role of selenoenzymes in alleviating the negative effects of oxidative stress. The cellular antioxidant activity of Se-enriched bacteria was analyzed, as well as intracellular ROS production and elimination when Se-enriched bacteria in the presence of various antibiotics. Compared to complete inhibition of the parental strain by bactericidal antibiotics, it only exhibited slight and reversible inhibition of Se-enriched Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 at the same conditions, which indicated that intracellular selenium provided substantial protection against antibiotics. ROS generation caused by bactericidal antibiotics was confirmed by fluorescence spectrophotometry using 2', 7'-dichloro- uorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) as substrate. The time course experiments of pretreatment with selenium showed significant decrease of ROS level at 2h. In summary, the present study provides experimental evidence supporting selenoenzymes has good scavenging effect to ROS and can protect bacteria from oxidative stress injury induced by bactericidal antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Tan
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lei Shao
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Richard D Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Daijie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gu J, Valdevit A, Chou TM, Libera M. Substrate effects on cell-envelope deformation during early-stage Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. Soft Matter 2017; 13:2967-2976. [PMID: 28361145 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02815b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion to a surface is the first step in biofilm formation, and adhesive forces between the surface and a bacterium are believed to give rise to planktonic-to-biofilm phenotypic changes. Here we use Focused-Ion-Beam (FIB) tomography with backscattered scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to image Staphyolococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms grown on Au-coated polystyrene (PS) and Au-coated PS modified by mixed thiols of triethylene glycol mono-11-mercaptoundecyl ether (EG3) and 1-dodecanethiol (CH3). The FIB-SEM technique enables a direct measurement of the contact area between individual bacteria and the substrate. The area of adhesion is effectively zero on the EG3 substrate. It is nonzero on all of the other substrates and increases with increasing hydrophobicity. The fact that the contact area is highest on the unmodified gold, however, indicates that other forces beyond hydrophobicity are significant. The magnitude of bacterial deformation suggests that the adhesive forces are on the order of a few nN, consistent with AFM force measurements reported in the literature. The resolution afforded by electron microscopy furthermore enables us to probe changes in the cell-envelope thickness, which decreases within and near the contact area relative to other parts of the same bacterium. This finding supports the idea that mechanosensing due to stress-induced membrane thinning plays a role in the planktonic-to-biofilm transition associated with bacterial adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chowdhuri AR, Das B, Kumar A, Tripathy S, Roy S, Sahu SK. One-pot synthesis of multifunctional nanoscale metal-organic frameworks as an effective antibacterial agent against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:095102. [PMID: 28139466 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa57af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Drug-resistant bacteria are an increasingly serious threat to global public health. In particular, infections from multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-positive bacteria (i.e. Staphylococcus aureus) are growing global health concerns. In this work, we report the first use of nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (NMOFs) coencapsulating an antibiotic (vancomycin) and targeting ligand (folic acid) in one pot to enhance therapeutic efficacy against MDR S. aureus. Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) NMOFs, which have globular morphologies coencapsulating vancomycin and folic acid, are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, powder x-ray diffraction, ulltraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and dynamic light-scattering techniques. We determined that the presence of folic acid on the surface of the NMOFs is significant in the sense of effective uptake by MDR S. aureus through endocytosis. The functionalized NMOFs transport vancomycin across the cell wall of MDR S. aureus and enhance antibacterial activity, which has been confirmed from studies of the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, cytotoxicity of bacterial cells, and generation of reactive oxygen species. This work shows that functionalized NMOFs hold great promise for effective treatment of MDR S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angshuman Ray Chowdhuri
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Valotteau C, Prystopiuk V, Pietrocola G, Rindi S, Peterle D, De Filippis V, Foster TJ, Speziale P, Dufrêne YF. Single-Cell and Single-Molecule Analysis Unravels the Multifunctionality of the Staphylococcus aureus Collagen-Binding Protein Cna. ACS Nano 2017; 11:2160-2170. [PMID: 28151647 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b08404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The collagen-binding protein Cna is a prototype cell surface protein from Staphylococcus aureus which fulfils important physiological functions during pathogenesis. While it is established that Cna binds to collagen (Cn) via the high-affinity collagen hug mechanism, whether this protein is engaged in other ligand-binding mechanisms is poorly understood. Here, we use atomic force microscopy to demonstrate that Cna mediates attachment to two structurally and functionally different host proteins, i.e., the complement system protein C1q and the extracellular matrix protein laminin (Lam), through binding mechanisms that differ from the collagen hug. We show that single Cna-C1q and Cna-Lam bonds are much weaker than the high-affinity Cna-Cn bond and that their formation does not require the B-region of Cna. At the whole cell level, we find that bacterial adhesion to C1q-substrates involves only one (or two) molecular bond(s), while adhesion to Lam is mediated by multiple bonds, thus suggesting that multivalent or cooperative interactions may enhance the strength of adhesion. Both C1q and Lam interactions can be efficiently blocked by monoclonal antibodies directed against the minimal Cn-binding domain of Cna. These results show that Cna is a multifunctional protein capable of binding to multiple host ligands through mechanisms that differ from the classical collagen hug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Valotteau
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Valeria Prystopiuk
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia , Viale Taramelli 3/b, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Simonetta Rindi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia , Viale Taramelli 3/b, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Daniele Peterle
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua , via F. Marzolo 5, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Filippis
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua , via F. Marzolo 5, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Timothy J Foster
- Department of Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia , Viale Taramelli 3/b, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Yves F Dufrêne
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO) , Liège 4000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gollmer A, Felgentraeger A, Maisch T, Flors C. Real-time imaging of photodynamic action in bacteria. J Biophotonics 2017; 10:264-270. [PMID: 26790971 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging studies of the processes leading to photodynamic inactivation of bacteria have been limited due to the small size of microorganisms as well as by the faint fluorescence of most photosensitizers. A versatile method based on highly-sensitive fluorescence microscopy is presented which allows to study, in real time, the incorporation of photosensitizers inside S. aureus upon photodynamic action. The method takes advantage of the fluorescence enhancement of phenothiazine and porphyrin photosensitizers upon entering the bacterial cytosol after the cell wall has been compromised. In combination with typical assays, such as the addition of specific enhancers of reactive oxygen species, it is possible to extract mechanistic information about the pathway of photodynamic damage at the single-cell level. Imaging experiments in deuterated buffer strongly support a Type-I mechanism for methylene blue and a very minor role of singlet oxygen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Gollmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ariane Felgentraeger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tim Maisch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Flors
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia) and Nanobiotechnology Unit Associated to the National Center for Biotechnology (CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shi L, Santhanakrishnan S, Cheah YS, Li M, Chai CLL, Neoh KG. One-Pot UV-Triggered o-Nitrobenzyl Dopamine Polymerization and Coating for Surface Antibacterial Application. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:33131-33138. [PMID: 27934162 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) protected by an o-nitrobenzyl functionality on its phenolic group was synthesized as a photolabile catecholamine derivative. This compound, o-nitrobenzyl dopamine (NBDA), was more stable than DA in basic solution at pH 8.5 and will not self-polymerize when protected from light. UV irradiation of a methanolic solution of NBDA at 365 nm for 40 min induced ca. 85% deprotection. Taking advantage of the stability of NBDA, a one-pot spray coating technique for modifying surfaces with polydopamine (PDA) was developed. Using ethylene glycol with Tris buffer (pH 8.5) as the solvent for this technique, stainless steel substrates can be coated with a robust PDA layer. Silver was deposited on the PDA-coated surface after treatment with silver nitrate solution, and >80% of the deposited silver remained on the surface after 1 week immersion in water. The NBDA-Ag surface was highly effective in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilm formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore , 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
| | | | - Yong Shung Cheah
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore , 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Min Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
| | - Christina Li Lin Chai
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore , 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Koon Gee Neoh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sen S, Sirobhushanam S, Johnson SR, Song Y, Tefft R, Gatto C, Wilkinson BJ. Growth-Environment Dependent Modulation of Staphylococcus aureus Branched-Chain to Straight-Chain Fatty Acid Ratio and Incorporation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165300. [PMID: 27788193 PMCID: PMC5082858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of membrane glycerolipids is a major determinant of Staphylococcus aureus membrane biophysical properties that impacts key factors in cell physiology including susceptibility to membrane active antimicrobials, pathogenesis, and response to environmental stress. The fatty acids of S. aureus are considered to be a mixture of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs), which increase membrane fluidity, and straight-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that decrease it. The balance of BCFAs and SCFAs in USA300 strain JE2 and strain SH1000 was affected considerably by differences in the conventional laboratory medium in which the strains were grown with media such as Mueller-Hinton broth and Luria broth resulting in high BCFAs and low SCFAs, whereas growth in Tryptic Soy Broth and Brain-Heart Infusion broth led to reduction in BCFAs and an increase in SCFAs. Straight-chain unsaturated fatty acids (SCUFAs) were not detected. However, when S. aureus was grown ex vivo in serum, the fatty acid composition was radically different with SCUFAs, which increase membrane fluidity, making up a substantial proportion of the total (<25%) with SCFAs (>37%) and BCFAs (>36%) making up the rest. Staphyloxanthin, an additional major membrane lipid component unique to S. aureus, tended to be greater in content in cells with high BCFAs or SCUFAs. Cells with high staphyloxanthin content had a lower membrane fluidity that was attributed to increased production of staphyloxanthin. S. aureus saves energy and carbon by utilizing host fatty acids for part of its total fatty acids when growing in serum, which may impact biophysical properties and pathogenesis given the role of SCUFAs in virulence. The nutritional environment in which S. aureus is grown in vitro or in vivo in an infection is likely to be a major determinant of membrane fatty acid composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suranjana Sen
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sirisha Sirobhushanam
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Seth R. Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yang Song
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ryan Tefft
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Craig Gatto
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Wilkinson
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang Y, Desai J, Zhang Y, Malwal SR, Shin CJ, Feng X, Sun H, Liu G, Guo RT, Oldfield E. Bacterial Cell Growth Inhibitors Targeting Undecaprenyl Diphosphate Synthase and Undecaprenyl Diphosphate Phosphatase. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2311-2319. [PMID: 27578312 PMCID: PMC5155509 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a series of benzoic acids and phenylphosphonic acids and investigated their effects on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. One of the most active compounds, 5-fluoro-2-(3-(octyloxy)benzamido)benzoic acid (7, ED50 ∼0.15 μg mL-1 ) acted synergistically with seven antibiotics known to target bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis (a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of ∼0.35, on average) but had indifferent effects in combinations with six non-cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitors (average FICI∼1.45). The most active compounds were found to inhibit two enzymes involved in isoprenoid/bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis: undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase (UPPS) and undecaprenyl diphosphate phosphatase (UPPP), but not farnesyl diphosphate synthase, and there were good correlations between bacterial cell growth inhibition, UPPS inhibition, and UPPP inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Janish Desai
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Satish R Malwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Christopher J Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Xinxin Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Guizhi Liu
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Eric Oldfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kumar V, Gundampati RK, Singh DK, Bano D, Jagannadham MV, Hasan SH. Photoinduced green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with highly effective antibacterial and hydrogen peroxide sensing properties. J Photochem Photobiol B 2016; 162:374-385. [PMID: 27424098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an eco-friendly and sustainable green route was employed for the synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Euphorbia hirta (AEE) as both reducing as well as a stabilizing agent. The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy which produced a prominent SPR band at λmax 425nm after 25min of sunlight exposure. The AgNPs thus synthesized were optimized using one factor at a time approach, and these optimized conditions were 25min of sunlight exposure time, 5.0% (v/v) of AEE inoculum dose and 3.0mM of AgNO3 concentration. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) analysis confirmed the presence of spherical AgNPs with average size 15.5nm. The crystallinity was determined by X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) pattern. Chemical and elemental compositions were determined by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) respectively. The Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) images with average roughness 1.15nm represented the lateral and 3D topological characteristic of AgNPs. The AgNPs thus synthesized showed effective antibacterial activity against gram negative and gram positive bacteria as well as hydrogen peroxide sensing property with a minimum detection limit of 10(-7)M.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India.
| | - Ravi Kumar Gundampati
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Devendra K Singh
- Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Daraksha Bano
- Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Medicherla V Jagannadham
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Syed Hadi Hasan
- Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Feng H, Wang G, Jin W, Zhang X, Huang Y, Gao A, Wu H, Wu G, Chu PK. Systematic Study of Inherent Antibacterial Properties of Magnesium-based Biomaterials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:9662-9673. [PMID: 27043895 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium-based materials are preferred in temporary orthopedic implants because of their biodegradability, mechanical properties, and intrinsic antibacterial properties. However, the fundamental mechanism of bacteria killing and roles of various factors are not clearly understood. In this study, we performed a systematic study of the antibacterial properties of two common Mg-based materials using a biofilm forming bacterium. Complete annihilation of the initial 3 × 10(4) bacteria is achieved with both materials in 0.1 mL LB medium in 24 h, whereas in the control, they proliferate to 10(10). The bacteria are killed more effectively in the solution than on the surface, and the bacteria killing efficiency depends more on the concentrations of the magnesium ions and hydroxyl ions than the corrosion rate. The killing process is reproduced using formula solutions, and killing is revealed to stem from the synergetic effects of alkalinity and magnesium ions instead of either one of them or Mg(OH)2 precipitate. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are detected from the bacteria during the killing process but are not likely produced by the redox reaction directly, because they are detected at least 3 h after the reaction has commenced. The average cell size increases during the killing process, suggesting that the bacteria have difficulty with normal division which also contributes to the reduced bacteria population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongqing Feng
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Guomin Wang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Weihong Jin
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Xuming Zhang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Guosong Wu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| |
Collapse
|