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Nakajima H, Kotani D, Bando H, Kato T, Oki E, Shinozaki E, Sunakawa Y, Yamazaki K, Yuki S, Nakamura Y, Yamanaka T, Yoshino T, Ohta T, Taniguchi H, Kagawa Y. REMARRY and PURSUIT trials: liquid biopsy-guided rechallenge with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy with panitumumab plus irinotecan for patients with plasma RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:674. [PMID: 34098908 PMCID: PMC8186219 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous clinical trials have demonstrated the potential efficacy of rechallenge with anti- epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for patients with RAS/BRAF V600E wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Moreover, post hoc biomarker analyses of clinical trials has suggested that RAS status in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has a high probability to select patients who could benefit from anti-EGFR mAb rechallenge. METHODS This trial is composed of 2 phases: a monitoring phase (REMARRY) and a trial phase (PURSUIT). A monitoring phase, the REMARRY study, aims to evaluate the dynamics of plasma RAS status during the subsequent treatments after refractory to anti-EGFR therapy in patients with mCRC with RAS/BRAF V600E wild-type tumors who have progressed after a response to previous anti-EGFR therapy, using a highly sensitive digital polymerase chain reaction OncoBEAM RAS CRC kit in a central laboratory (Sysmex, Japan). A trial phase, the PURSUIT trial, is a multicenter, single-arm phase II trial to assess the efficacy and safety of rechallenge therapy with panitumumab plus irinotecan in patients without RAS mutations in ctDNA (plasma RAS negative) in the REMARRY study. Key eligibility criteria of the PURSUIT trial include RAS/BRAF V600E wild-type mCRC in tumor tissue refractory or intolerant to fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan; progression after complete or partial response to previous anti-EGFR therapy; plasma RAS negative (defined as plasma mutant allele frequencies [MAF] of all RAS ≤ 0.1%) within 28 days prior to enrollment; 4 months or more between the last administration of previous anti-EGFR mAb and the start of protocol treatment; and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS) ≤ 1. The primary endpoint is the confirmed objective response rate (ORR). The target sample size of the PURSUIT trial is 50 patients. Biomarker analyses will be performed in parallel using the OncoBEAM RAS CRC kit and a next-generation sequencing-based ctDNA analysis (Guardant360). DISCUSSION Our trial aims to confirm the clinical benefit of anti-EGFR mAb rechallenge therapy in patients with plasma RAS negative. Moreover, through biomarker analyses, our trial will shed light on which patients would benefit from rechallenge in addition to being plasma RAS negative. TRIAL REGISTRATION The REMARRY study: UMIN, UMIN000036424 . Registered date: April 5, 2019. The PURSUIT trial: jRCT, jRCTs031190096 . Registered date: October 1, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Nakajima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kotani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Bando
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kato
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiji Shinozaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Sunakawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamazaki
- Divison of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakamura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takeharu Yamanaka
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohta
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroya Taniguchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kagawa
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Osaka General Medical Center, 3-1-56 Bandai-Higashi, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan.
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Rendon-Rodriguez JJ, Restrepo-Rodriguez LF, Rothlisberger S. Interaction network of proteins associated with unfavorable prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Acta Biochim Pol 2020; 67:475-483. [PMID: 33284559 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disorder of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, characterized by accumulation of immature blasts in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of affected patients. Standard induction therapy leads to complete remission in approximately 50% to 75% of patients. In spite of favorable primary response rates, only 20% to 30% of patients enjoy long-term disease free survival. Identifying proteins involved in prognosis is important for proposing biomarkers that can aid in the clinical management of the disease. The aim of this study was to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network based on serum proteins associated with unfavorable prognosis of AML, and analyze the biological pathways underlying molecular complexes in the network. We identified 16 candidate serum proteins associated with unfavorable prognosis (in terms of poor response to treatment, poor overall survival, short complete remission, and relapse) in AML via a search in the literature: IL2RA, FTL, HSP90AA1, D2HGDH, PLAU, COL18A1, FGF19, SPP1, FGA, PF4, NME1, TNF, ANGPT2, B2M, CD274, LGALS3. The PPI network was constructed with Cytoscape using association networks from String and BioGRID, and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis using the ClueGo pluggin was performed. The central protein in the network was found to be PTPN11 which is involved in modulating the RAS-ERK, PI3K-AKT and JAK-STAT pathways, as well as in hematopoiesis, and in the regulation of apoptotic genes. Therefore, a dysregulation of this protein and/or of the proteins connected to it in the network leads to the defective activation of these signaling pathways and to a reduction in apoptosis. Together, this could cause an increase in the frequency of leukemic cells and a resistance to apoptosis in response to treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blood Proteins/genetics
- Blood Proteins/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Disease-Free Survival
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/blood
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Ontology
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Janus Kinases/blood
- Janus Kinases/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Molecular Sequence Annotation
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/blood
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Prognosis
- Protein Interaction Mapping
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/blood
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/blood
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Remission Induction
- STAT Transcription Factors/blood
- STAT Transcription Factors/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- ras Proteins/blood
- ras Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Rendon-Rodriguez
- Biomedical Innovation and Research Group, Faculty of Applied and Exact Sciences, Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano ITM, 050034 Medellin, Colombia
| | - Luisa Fernanda Restrepo-Rodriguez
- Biomedical Innovation and Research Group, Faculty of Applied and Exact Sciences, Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano ITM, 050034 Medellin, Colombia
| | - Sarah Rothlisberger
- Biomedical Innovation and Research Group, Faculty of Applied and Exact Sciences, Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano ITM, 050034 Medellin, Colombia
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3
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Morelli MP, Overman MJ, Dasari A, Kazmi SMA, Mazard T, Vilar E, Morris VK, Lee MS, Herron D, Eng C, Morris J, Kee BK, Janku F, Deaton FL, Garrett C, Maru D, Diehl F, Angenendt P, Kopetz S. Characterizing the patterns of clonal selection in circulating tumor DNA from patients with colorectal cancer refractory to anti-EGFR treatment. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:731-736. [PMID: 25628445 PMCID: PMC4374387 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION KRAS and EGFR ectodomain-acquired mutations in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have been correlated with acquired resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We investigated the frequency, co-occurrence, and distribution of acquired KRAS and EGFR mutations in patients with mCRC refractory to anti-EGFR mAbs using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-two post-treatment plasma and 20 matching pretreatment archival tissue samples from KRAS (wt) mCRC patients refractory to anti-EGFR mAbs were evaluated by high-sensitivity emulsion polymerase chain reaction for KRAS codon 12, 13, 61, and 146 and EGFR 492 mutations. RESULTS Plasma analyses showed newly detectable EGFR and KRAS mutations in 5/62 [8%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02-0.18] and 27/62 (44%; 95% CI 0.3-0.56) samples, respectively. KRAS codon 61 and 146 mutations were predominant (33% and 11%, respectively), and multiple EGFR and/or KRAS mutations were detected in 11/27 (41%) cases. The percentage of mutant allele reads was inversely correlated with time since last treatment with EGFR mAbs (P = 0.038). In the matching archival tissue, these mutations were detectable as low-allele-frequency clones in 35% of patients with plasma mutations after treatment with anti-EGFR mAbs and correlated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) compared with the cases with no new mutations (3.0 versus 8.0 months, P = 0.0004). CONCLUSION Newly detected KRAS and/or EGFR mutations in plasma ctDNA from patients refractory to anti-EGFR treatment appear to derive from rare, pre-existing clones in the primary tumors. These rare clones were associated with shorter PFS in patients receiving anti-EGFR treatment. Multiple simultaneous mutations in KRAS and EGFR in the ctDNA and the decline in allele frequency after discontinuation of anti-EGFR therapy in a subset of patients suggest that several resistance mechanisms can co-exist and that relative clonal burdens may change over time. Monitoring treatment-induced genetic alterations by sequencing ctDNA could identify biomarkers for treatment screening in anti-EGFR-refractory patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Morelli
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology
| | - M J Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology
| | - A Dasari
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology
| | - S M A Kazmi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology
| | - T Mazard
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology
| | - E Vilar
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology; Clinical Cancer Prevention
| | - V K Morris
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology
| | - M S Lee
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology
| | - D Herron
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology
| | - C Eng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology
| | - J Morris
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics
| | - B K Kee
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology
| | | | - F L Deaton
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology
| | - C Garrett
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology
| | - D Maru
- Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - F Diehl
- Sysmex Inostics, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - S Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology.
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Couraud S, Vaca-Paniagua F, Villar S, Oliver J, Schuster T, Blanché H, Girard N, Trédaniel J, Guilleminault L, Gervais R, Prim N, Vincent M, Margery J, Larivé S, Foucher P, Duvert B, Vallee M, Le Calvez-Kelm F, McKay J, Missy P, Morin F, Zalcman G, Olivier M, Souquet PJ. Noninvasive diagnosis of actionable mutations by deep sequencing of circulating free DNA in lung cancer from never-smokers: a proof-of-concept study from BioCAST/IFCT-1002. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:4613-24. [PMID: 25013125 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor somatic mutation analysis is part of the standard management of metastatic lung cancer. However, physicians often have to deal with small biopsies and consequently with challenging mutation testing. Circulating free DNA (cfDNA) is a promising tool for accessing the tumor genome as a liquid biopsy. Here, we evaluated next-generation sequencing (NGS) on cfDNA samples obtained from a consecutive series of patients for the screening of a range of clinically relevant mutations. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 107 plasma samples were collected from the BioCAST/IFCT-1002 lung cancer study (never-smokers cohort). Matched tumor DNA (tDNA) was obtained for 68 cases. Multiplex PCR-based assays were designed to target specific coding regions in EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, ERBB2, and PI3KCA genes, and amplicon sequencing was performed at deep coverage on the cfDNA/tDNA pairs using the NGS IonTorrent Personal Genome Machine Platform. RESULTS CfDNA concentration in plasma was significantly associated with both stage and number of metastatic sites. In tDNA, 50 mutations (36 EGFR, 5 ERBB2, 4 KRAS, 3 BRAF, and 2 PIK3CA) were identified, of which 26 were detected in cfDNA. Sensitivity of the test was 58% (95% confidence interval, 43%-71%) and the estimated specificity was 87% (62%-96%). CONCLUSION These data demonstrate the feasibility and potential utility of mutation screening in cfDNA using IonTorrent NGS for the detection of a range of tumor biomarkers in patients with metastatic lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Couraud
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Section of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Lyon Cedex, France. Department of Pulmonology, Lyon Sud University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. Lyon Sud Faculty of Medicine, Lyon 1 University, Pierre Bénite Cedex, France.
| | - Felipe Vaca-Paniagua
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Section of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Lyon Cedex, France. Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, México. Unidad de Biomedicina, FES-Iztacala, UNAM, México
| | - Stéphanie Villar
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Section of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Javier Oliver
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Tibor Schuster
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Nicolas Girard
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon (Bron), France
| | - Jean Trédaniel
- Department of Pulmonology, Paris - Saint Joseph Hospital, and Sorbonne Paris Cité university, France
| | - Laurent Guilleminault
- Pulmonology Unit, University Hospital of Tours, France and François Rabelais University, Respiratory Diseases Study Centre, Tours, France
| | - Radj Gervais
- Francois Baclesse Cancer Institute, Caen, France
| | - Nathalie Prim
- Department of Chest, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Vincent
- Department of Pulmonology, Saint Joseph-Saint Luc Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Jacques Margery
- Department of Respiratory Department, Percy Military Hospital, Clamart, France
| | | | - Pascal Foucher
- Thoracic Oncology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Bernard Duvert
- Department of Oncology, Montélimar Hospital, Montélimar, France
| | - Maxime Vallee
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Florence Le Calvez-Kelm
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - James McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Pascale Missy
- Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique, Paris, France
| | - Franck Morin
- Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Zalcman
- Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology Unit and UMR 1086 Inserm "Cancers and Préventions," Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Magali Olivier
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Section of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Souquet
- Department of Pulmonology, Lyon Sud University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. Lyon Sud Faculty of Medicine, Lyon 1 University, Pierre Bénite Cedex, France
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Thege FI, Lannin TB, Saha TN, Tsai S, Kochman ML, Hollingsworth MA, Rhim AD, Kirby BJ. Microfluidic immunocapture of circulating pancreatic cells using parallel EpCAM and MUC1 capture: characterization, optimization and downstream analysis. Lab Chip 2014; 14:1775-84. [PMID: 24681997 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00041b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We have developed and optimized a microfluidic device platform for the capture and analysis of circulating pancreatic cells (CPCs) and pancreatic circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Our platform uses parallel anti-EpCAM and cancer-specific mucin 1 (MUC1) immunocapture in a silicon microdevice. Using a combination of anti-EpCAM and anti-MUC1 capture in a single device, we are able to achieve efficient capture while extending immunocapture beyond single marker recognition. We also have detected a known oncogenic KRAS mutation in cells spiked in whole blood using immunocapture, RNA extraction, RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. To allow for downstream single-cell genetic analysis, intact nuclei were released from captured cells by using targeted membrane lysis. We have developed a staining protocol for clinical samples, including standard CTC markers; DAPI, cytokeratin (CK) and CD45, and a novel marker of carcinogenesis in CPCs, mucin 4 (MUC4). We have also demonstrated a semi-automated approach to image analysis and CPC identification, suitable for clinical hypothesis generation. Initial results from immunocapture of a clinical pancreatic cancer patient sample show that parallel capture may capture more of the heterogeneity of the CPC population. With this platform, we aim to develop a diagnostic biomarker for early pancreatic carcinogenesis and patient risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik I Thege
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Shulenina LV, Ushenkova LN, Ledin EV, Shagirova ZM, Raeva NF, Zasukhina GD, Mikhaĭlov VF. [Expression of P53, NPM1, Kras, c-Myc, p14(ARF) genes in blood cells of cancer patients before and after radiation therapy]. Radiats Biol Radioecol 2012; 52:572-581. [PMID: 23516888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The mRNA levels of P53gene, as well as NPM1, Kras, c-Myc, p14(ARF) genes, which, according to the published data, code for the proteins regulating the p53 activity, were studied using RT-PCR method in blood cells of patients with different localization of tumor process (prostate cancer, breast cancer and head and neck cancer) before and after application of radiation therapy. Changes in gene expression of cancer patients were compared with the control group of healthy donors. We have established that all patients had a decreased level of the Kras gene expression even before radiotherapy; moreover, the group of patients with prostate cancer had a low content of mRNA in NPM1 and p14(ARF), and the group of patients with head and neck cancerhad a reliably reduced mRNA in P53, NPM1 and p14(ARF). The radiation therapy did not cause essential changes in the expression of these genes of cancer patients, ecpect for the Kras gene, whose the mRNA level in the group of patients with head and neck cancer was reliably lower than the mRNA level prior to beginning of radiation therapy. The correlations of P53, NPM1, Kras, p14(ARF) gene expression were studied. We have shown that p14(ARF) mRNA level negatively correlates with Kras mRNA (R = -0.6, p = 0.002) and P53 mRNA levels (R = -0.49, p = 0.013) in the control group of healthy donors. A positive correlation was observed between P53 mRNA and NPM1 mRNA (R = 0.54, p = 0.006). Similar correlations between mRNA levels of these genes in blood cells were absent in the cancer patients before radiotherapy. After radiotherapy in patients with prostate cancer, p14(ARF) mRNA level positively correlated with NPM1 mRNA (R = 0.7, p = 0.001) and negatively with Kras mRNA (R = - 0.5, p = 0.03). Our results provide evidence that expression P53, NPM1, Kras and p14(ARF) genes may be coordinated in blood cells of healthy donors. The low expression levels of the studied genes in patients can contribute to the increase in the mutation changes in blood cells of the examined subjects after the action of genotoxic factors.
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Wu SH, Zhang YM, Tao HX, Dong L. Lipoxin A(4) inhibits transition of epithelial to mesenchymal cells in proximal tubules. Am J Nephrol 2010; 32:122-36. [PMID: 20714129 DOI: 10.1159/000315121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)-induced proliferation of lung fibroblasts and production of chemokines in mesangial cells could be inhibited by lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)). It is speculated that LXA(4) could modulate the CTGF-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. METHODS The expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), E-cadherin, integrin-linked kinase (ILK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), Akt and Smad signaling were assessed by Western blot and/or real-time RT-PCR, and activation of Ras or ILK by activity assay, expressions of alpha-SMA and zonula occludens-1 by immunofluorescence assay in proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). RESULTS Pretreatment of HK-2 cells with LXA(4) inhibited the morphological fibroblast-like changes and alpha-SMA expression induced by CTGF but not by transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)). The expressions of E-cadherin and zonula occludens-1 reduced by CTGF but not by TGF-beta(1) were increased by LXA(4). LXA(4) inhibited the expression and activity of ILK and activation of Ras, ERK1/2, PI3-K and Akt in HK-2 cells stimulated by CTGF. LXA(4) did not affect TGF-beta(1)-induced expression of ILK, Smad-2/3 phosphorylation and Smad-2's binding to Smad-4 and subsequent nuclear translocation. CONCLUSION LXA(4) inhibits the tubular epithelial to mesenchymal transition, initiated by CTGF but not by TGF-beta(1), via downregulation of ILK, Ras/MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3-K/Akt-dependent signal pathway stimulated by CTGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hua Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China.
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Tannapfel A, Reinacher-Schick A. [Colorectal carcinoma--molecular markers in clinical routine]. Onkologie 2008; 31 Suppl 5:1-2. [PMID: 19033696 DOI: 10.1159/000163065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
K-RAS is currently the most promising biomarker in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Functionally, the RAS protein plays a key role in the EGFR signaling pathway. In around 30-40% of all patients with CRC a mutated K-RAS gene can be found in the tumor, while 60-70% of patients express a wild-type K-RAS gene in the tumor. The K-RAS status is now generally regarded as a predictive factor for the response to anti-EGFR therapy: patients with the mutated K-RAS gene derive no benefit from treatment with the anti-EGFR antibodies cetuximab or panitumumab. The VEGF antibody bevacizumab, by contrast, seems to be efficacious with both wild-type K-RAS and mutated K-RAS - though larger-scale trials must still be carried out here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tannapfel
- Institut für Pathologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland.
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Abstract
Since lung cancer is the most frequent occupational cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the world, it is one of the biggest challenges for research. In the literature, there are inconsistent results regarding the utility of the serum biomarkers p53, anti-p53 antibodies, EGF receptor or Ras. Based on the published results, routine use of these biomarkers for detection of occupationally derived lung carcinomas is not currently recommended. In this review, we summarize the literature and discuss the relevance of these oncogene and tumor-suppressor gene products as serum biomarkers in occupational-derived lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Helmig
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, Aulweg 129, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
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10
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Abstract
Three different biomarkers: sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE), micronuclei (MN), and the Comet assay, were used to evaluate different kinds of genetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 34 male workers at Barcelona airport, exposed to low levels of hydrocarbons and jet fuel derivatives. The control group consisted of 11 unexposed men. We also investigated the ras p21 protein levels in plasma, in order to evaluate whether the ras gene could serve as a suitable potential marker of carcinogenic pollution in occupationally exposed cohorts. SCE and MN analyses failed to detect any statistically significant increase in the airport workers when compared with the controls, and in fact, the frequency of binucleated cells with MN in the exposed group was significantly lower than that obtained in the control. However, slight but significant differences in the mean comet length and genetic damage index were observed between the exposed and control groups when using the Comet assay. There were no statistically significant differences between both groups in p21 plasma levels. Smoking was shown to affect significantly both SCE and high frequency cells (HFC) in the exposed group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pitarque
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Edifici Cn, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Anderson D, Hughes JA, Veidebaum T, Peltonen K, Sorsa M. Examination of ras (P21) proteins in plasma from workers exposed to benzene emissions from petrochemical plants and healthy controls. Mutat Res 1997; 381:149-55. [PMID: 9434871 DOI: 10.1016/s0027-5107(97)00162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of workers to benzene and polyaromatic hydrocarbons has been documented to be at relatively high levels in the production of benzene and in the coking process at a petrochemical plant in the oil shale area in Estonia. Altogether 97 plasma samples from workers and 40 from unexposed matched referents from two samplings in different seasons were analyzed for the presence of ras (P21) proteins; of the workers 50 were exposed to benzene in the benzene production plant and 47 to polyaromatic hydrocarbons and benzene in a cokery. Proteins were separated by gel electrophoresis, transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane by Western blotting and detected by chemiluminescence, using a monoclonal antibody as the primary antibody. There were no statistically significant differences between the exposed and the referent groups. The results are thus in keeping with the lack of exposure related cytogenetic effects for this same workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Anderson
- BIBRA International, Carshalton, Surrey, UK.
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Li J, Li X, Quan X. [Studies on serum regulatory protein for cell growth in patients with lung cancer exposed to indoor coal-burning]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 1997; 31:92-4. [PMID: 9812620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Seven kinds of serum regulatory gene coding protein for cell growth were determined with enzyme linked immunodotting in 19 indoor coal-burning exposed patients with lung cancer (Group A), 22 exposed cases without lung cancer (Group B), and 19 nonexposed cases without lung cancer (Group C) to study pathogenesis of lung cancer patients exposed to indoor coal-burning. Results showed that serum concentrations of ras, p53 and neu protein in Group A were significantly higher than those in Groups B and C, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) or a very significant difference (P < 0.01). Six cases in Group A were positive for ras protein (with two strong positive), three for p53, neu and jun each, and one for p16. Two in Group B were positive for ras protein and one for p16. It suggests that serum regulatory protein for cell growth can be regarded as biological markers for environment-related lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
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Abstract
In a Czech plant near Prague, 10 samples from male workers occupationally exposed to 1,3-butadiene and 13 exposed to 1,3-butadiene/styrene were compared with unexposed male negative controls, matched for age and smoking habits, for the presence of ras oncoproteins in their plasma. Proteins were separated by gel electrophoresis, transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane by Western blotting and detected by chemiluminescence, using monoclonal ras antibody as the primary antibody. There were no statistically significant differences between the 3 groups (pooled two-sample t-test, untransformed and non-parametric Mann-Whitney test). These results are in keeping with the lack of exposure-related effects for 3 cytogenetic endpoints (chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei) already reported (Sorsa et al., 1994 Mutation Res., 309, 321-326) for this work-force exposed to low (below 3 ppm) exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Anderson
- BIBRA International, Carshalton, Surrey, UK
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Abstract
In order to explore the significance of ras oncoproteins in plasma in the carcinogenic process, we have examined samples from 40 Polish human lung cancer patients prior to treatment. They were compared with 35 healthy donors and have been screened using a direct analysis of the plasma. Proteins were separated by gel electrophoresis, transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane by Western blotting and detected by chemiluminescence, using monoclonal ras antibody as the primary antibody. Elevated increases in ras oncoproteins were determined where an increase was considered to be greater than 2 standard deviations above the mean negative control values. The results showed that in 45% of cancer patients ras oncoprotein levels were statistically significantly increased (P < 0.001, pooled two-sample t-test untransformed, and non-parametric Mann-Whitney test) in the plasma by comparison with 6% in the controls. This would suggest that an increase in ras oncoproteins in plasma could be a possible prognostic marker or biomarker for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Anderson
- BIBRA International, Carshalton Surrey, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Philips
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
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