Dyal HK, Aguilar M, Bartos G, Holt EW, Bhuket T, Liu B, Cheung R, Wong RJ. Diabetes Mellitus Increases Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Patients: A Systematic Review.
Dig Dis Sci 2016;
61:636-45. [PMID:
26703125 DOI:
10.1007/s10620-015-3983-3]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Rising rates of obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among chronic hepatitis C (HCV) patients may contribute to higher hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk.
AIM
To perform a systematic review evaluating the impact of DM, body mass index (BMI), or steatosis on HCC risk among chronic HCV patients.
METHODS
A structured keyword search of PubMed from January 1, 2001, to July 1, 2014, was performed to identify original articles evaluating the association of DM, BMI, or steatosis with HCC among adults with chronic HCV. Studies involving HCV patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, or other chronic liver diseases with the exception of NAFLD were excluded. Quality assessment utilized the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
RESULTS
Nine studies (seven cohorts, two case-controls) met inclusion criteria for the final analysis. Five of seven studies analyzing DM demonstrated significantly increased HCC risk associated with concurrent DM with effect sizes ranging from HR 1.73 (95 % CI 1.30-2.30) to RR 3.52 (95 % CI 1.29-9.24). One of three studies analyzing BMI demonstrated a significant association with HCC risk (BMI ≥ 30.0 vs. BMI < 23: RR 4.13, 95 % CI 1.38-12.40). Two of the three studies analyzing steatosis demonstrated significantly higher risk of HCC associated with steatosis ranging from RR 2.81 (95 % CI 1.49-4.41) to OR 6.39 (95 % CI 1.04-39.35).
CONCLUSIONS
Concurrent DM is associated with increased HCC risk among chronic HCV patients. BMI and steatosis may also increase HCC risk, but the limitations of the current studies do not allow us to draw strong conclusions.
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