Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation on Cine MR Images: Relationship to Severity of Disease and Prognosis in Light-Chain Amyloidosis

Purpose To measure left ventricular (LV) myocardial strain with cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and a deformable registration algorithm (DRA) and to assess the prognostic value of myocardial strain in patients with light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, 78 consecutive patients with AL amyloidosis who underwent contrast material-enhanced cardiac MR imaging were enrolled at West China Hospital. LV myocardial strains and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were evaluated. Association between myocardial strain and all-cause mortality was analyzed with the stepwise Cox regression model. Results Global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global circumferential strain (GCS) were significantly lower in the no or nonspecific LGE group compared with the subendocardial LGE and transmural LGE groups (mean GLS, -10% ± 3 [standard deviation] vs -7% ± 3 vs -4% ± 1; P < .001) (mean GCS, -13% ± 3 vs -11% ± 3 vs -7% ± 2; P < .001). GLS and GCS were reduced in patients without clinical cardiac amyloidosis (mean GLS, -13% ± 3 vs -16% ± 2; P = .005) (mean GCS, -16% ± 1 vs -19% ± 2; P = .02). Circumferential and radial strains were impaired in basal segments in accordance with the distribution of LGE. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that GCS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.16 per 1% absolute decrease; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 1.31; P = .02) and the presence of transmural LGE (HR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.80; P = .02) were independent predictors of all-cause mortality after adjustment for LV ejection fraction, right ventricular ejection fraction, LV mass index, GLS, and global radial strain. Conclusion Strain parameters derived with cine MR imaging-based DRA may be a new noninvasive imaging marker with which to evaluate the extent of cardiac amyloid infiltration and may offer independent prognostic information for all-cause mortality in patients with AL amyloidosis.