Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of overexpression of VEGF and VEGFR2 in gastric cancer

AIM: To investigate the differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in gastric cancer to understand possible roles that VEGF and VEGFR2 receptor play in the carcinogenesis, progression and prognosis of gastric cancer.

METHODS: The expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 was examined using immunohistochemistry on paraffin embedded tissue chips derived from 73 patients with gastric cancer (GC) and 63 adjacent normal tissues (ANT) from the same patients. Expression data were analyzed against patients' clinicopathological features and follow-up information.

RESULTS: The level of VEGFR2 in GC tissues was significantly higher than that in ANT (P = 0.025), but no significant difference was detected in the level of VEGF between GC and ANT (P = 0.275). In GC tissues, a positive correlation was found between expression levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 (r = 0.455). High expression of VEGF was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.004), distant metastasis (P = 0.019) and advanced clinical stage (P = 0.003). High expression of VEGFR2 was associated with sex (P = 0.049), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), distant metastasis (P = 0.007) and advanced clinical stage (P < 0.001). High levels of both VEGF and VEGFR2 were linked to poor prognosis in GC patients (P = 0.043 and P = 0.016, respectively). Cox multi-factor regression analyses demonstrated that clinical stage was an independent factor predicting overall survival of GC patients (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Overexpression of VEGF and VEGFR2 may suggest late stage, metastasis, and poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. VEGFR2 may play a role more important than VEGF in the regulation of angiogenesis in gastric cancer.