Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Regulates Collagen-Dependent Mitogen-Activated Protein/Extracellular Signal-Related Kinase Activation and Cell Migration

Mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) kinase 1 (MEK1)/ERK signaling has been implicated in the regulation of tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Migration of HT1080 cells on type I collagen was suppressed by the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors BB94 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 but not by TIMP-1. TIMP-2-specific inhibition suggests that membrane type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP) is likely involved in this process. Activation of ERK was induced in HT1080 cells adhered on dishes coated with type I collagen, and this was inhibited by BB94. MMP-2 processing in HT1080 cells, which also was stimulated by cultivation on type I collagen, was inhibited by MEK inhibitor PD98059. Expression of a constitutively active form of MEK1 promoted MMP-2 processing concomitant with the increase of MT1-MMP levels, suggesting that MT1-MMP is regulated by MEK/ERK signaling. In addition, expression of the hemopexin-like domain of MT1-MMP in HT1080 cells interfered with MMP-2 processing, ERK activation, and cell migration, implying that the enzymatic activity of MT1-MMP is involved in collagen-induced ERK activation, which results in enhanced cell migration. Thus, adhesion of HT1080 cells to type I collagen induces MT1-MMP-dependent ERK activation, which in turn causes an increase in MT1-MMP levels and subsequent cell migration.