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Khoury N, Ángeles Martínez M, Nishi SK, Ángel Martínez-González M, Corella D, Castañer O, Alfredo Martínez J, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, López-Miranda J, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Manuel Santos-Lozano J, Serra-Majem L, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Tur JA, Cinza Sanjurjo S, Pintó X, Juan Gaforio J, Matía-Martín P, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Daimiel L, Ros E, Sayon-Orea C, V Sorli J, Pérez-Vega KA, Garcia-Rios A, Ortiz-Díaz F, Gómez-Gracia E, Zulet MA, Chaplin A, Casas R, Salcedo-Bellido I, Tojal-Sierra L, Bernal-Lopez MR, Vazquez-Ruiz Z, Asensio EM, Goday A, Peña-Orihuela PJ, Signes-Pastor AJ, Garcia-Arellano A, Fitó M, Babio N, Salas-Salvadó J. Dietary intake of Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and glucose homeostasis parameters in a non-diabetic senior population. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108565. [PMID: 38574403 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] [Imported: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine disruptors (EDs) have emerged as potential contributors to the development of type-2 diabetes. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), is one of these EDs linked with chronic diseases and gathered attention due to its widespread in food. OBJECTIVE To assess at baseline and after 1-year of follow-up associations between estimated dietary intake (DI) of PFOS, and glucose homeostasis parameters and body-mass-index (BMI) in a senior population of 4600 non-diabetic participants from the PREDIMED-plus study. METHODS Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to assess associations between baseline PFOS-DI at lower bound (LB) and upper bound (UB) established by the EFSA, glucose homeostasis parameters and BMI. RESULTS Compared to those in the lowest tertile, participants in the highest tertile of baseline PFOS-DI in LB and UB showed higher levels of HbA1c [β-coefficient(CI)] [0.01 %(0.002 to 0.026), and [0.06 mg/dL(0.026 to 0.087), both p-trend ≤ 0.001], and fasting plasma glucose in the LB PFOS-DI [1.05 mg/dL(0.050 to 2.046),p-trend = 0.022]. Prospectively, a positive association between LB of PFOS-DI and BMI [0.06 kg/m2(0.014 to 0.106) per 1-SD increment of energy-adjusted PFOS-DI was shown. Participants in the top tertile showed an increase in HOMA-IR [0.06(0.016 to 0.097), p-trend = 0.005] compared to participants in the reference tertile after 1-year of follow-up. DISCUSSION This is the first study to explore the association between DI of PFOS and glucose homeostasis. In this study, a high baseline DI of PFOS was associated with a higher levels of fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c and with an increase in HOMA-IR and BMI after 1-year of follow-up.
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Fernández de la Puente M, Salas-Huetos A, Valle-Hita C, Babio N, Murphy MM, Canudas S, Salas-Salvadó J. Is telomere length a biomarker of sperm quality? A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Andrology 2024; 12:277-288. [PMID: 37328426 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] [Imported: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres are essential for the integrity of chromosome ends during cell division and their involvement in different processes linked to aging has been established. These chromosome components are involved in spermatogenesis and seem to play an important role in fertilization and embryo development. Telomere length is shortened with each cell division. Recently, short sperm telomere length has been proposed as a potential biomarker of male infertility. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies exploring the association between spermatozoa and/or leukocyte telomere length with sperm quality parameters and different infertility conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted with studies from Medline-PUBMED and Cochrane Library databases until May 2022. Eligible studies included cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies, and telomere length in spermatozoa and/or leukocytes cells was defined as the exposure. Semen quality parameters or infertility conditions (e.g., oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, or other spermatogenic impairment combinations) were defined as the outcomes. RESULTS Twenty-three observational studies were included. In the qualitative analysis, high heterogeneity was observed between studies regarding the associations between telomere length and semen parameters in different normozoospermic/fertile and oligozoospermic/infertile populations. In the meta-analysis, spermatozoa and leukocyte telomere length were shorter in infertile individuals than in fertile individuals (mean difference [95% confidence interval]: -1.43 [-1.66 to -1.21], p-value <0.001 and -1.67 [-2.02 to -1.31], p-value <0.001, respectively). Moreover, in terms of sperm telomere length, these differences were also significant between individuals with a normal seminogram and individuals with a low quantity of spermatozoa in the ejaculate (-0.97 [-1.32, -0.61], p-value <0.001). CONCLUSION The current systematic review and meta-analysis suggests the potential role of spermatozoa or leukocyte telomere length as a reliable biomarker of semen quality, which may help distinguish between infertility conditions beyond the routine semen analysis.
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Pinar-Martí A, Fernández-Barrés S, Gignac F, Persavento C, Delgado A, Romaguera D, Lázaro I, Ros E, López-Vicente M, Salas-Salvadó J, Sala-Vila A, Júlvez J. Red blood cell omega-3 fatty acids and attention scores in healthy adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:2187-2195. [PMID: 35960396 PMCID: PMC10576734 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02064-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids are critical for brain function. Adolescence is increasingly believed to entail brain vulnerability to dietary intake. In contrast to the abundant research on the omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in cognition, research on DHA and attention in healthy adolescents is scarce. In addition, the role of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the vegetable omega-3 fatty acid, is unexplored. We examined associations between DHA and ALA and attention function among a healthy young population. In this cross-sectional study conducted in 372 adolescents (13.8 ± 0.9 years-old), we determined the red blood cell proportions of DHA and ALA by gas chromatography (objective biomarkers of their long-term dietary intake) and measured attention scores through the Attention Network Test. We constructed multivariable linear regression models to analyze associations, controlling for known confounders. Compared to participants at the lowest DHA tertile (reference), those at the highest DHA tertile showed significantly lower hit reaction time-standard error (higher attentiveness) (28.13 ms, 95% confidence interval [CI] = - 52.30; - 3.97), lower hit reaction time ( - 38.30 ms, 95% CI = - 73.28; - 3.33) and lower executive conflict response ( - 5.77 ms, 95% CI = - 11.44; - 0.09). In contrast, higher values were observed in those at the top tertile of ALA in hit reaction time compared to the lowest one (46.14 ms, 95% CI = 9.90; 82.34). However, a beneficial association was observed for ALA, with decreasing impulsivity index across tertiles. Overall, our results suggest that DHA (reflecting its dietary intake) is associated with attention performance in typically developing adolescents. The role of dietary ALA in attention is less clear, although higher blood levels of ALA appear to result in lower impulsivity. Future intervention studies are needed to determine the causality of these associations and to better shape dietary recommendations for brain health during the adolescence period.
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Reynolds AN, Kahleova H, Uusitupa M, Hermansen K, Aas AM, Schwab U, Lean MEJ, Pfeiffer A, Salas-Salvadó J, Mann JI. Not all very-low-carbohydrate diets are created equal. Reply to Conte C, Camajani E, Lai A, Caprio M [letter]. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1754-1755. [PMID: 37407870 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] [Imported: 07/26/2023]
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Llaurador-Coll M, Rios S, García-Gavilán JF, Babio N, Vilella E, Salas-Salvadó J. Plasma levels of neurology-related proteins are associated with cognitive performance in an older population with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. GeroScience 2023; 45:2457-2470. [PMID: 36964401 PMCID: PMC10651568 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is present in a broad spectrum of medical conditions and in aging. Here, we aimed to identify plasma proteins related to cognitive function in a sample of older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. A total of 129 subjects (mean age 64.7 years; 36% females) were grouped according to low (l-GCF, N=65) or high (h-GCF, N=64) global cognitive function and matched according to education, sex, age, and body mass index. Cognitive performance was assessed using neuropsychological tests. Plasma levels of 92 neurology-related proteins were assessed using a proximity extension assay. An elastic net regression analysis was used to identify proteins more associated with cognitive performance. Additionally, the protein expression levels were compared between the two groups by means of a t-test with false discovery rate correction. Pearson correlations were used to assess associations between the protein levels and scores from the neurocognitive tests. Six proteins (alpha-2-MRAP, HAGH, Siglec-9, MDGA1, IL12, and EDA2R) were identified as potential contributors to cognitive performance, remaining significantly increased in l-GCF compared to h-GCF participants after correction for multiple testing. Negative correlations (r= -0.23 to -0.18, i.e., lower protein levels, higher cognitive function) were found between global cognitive function and Siglec-9, NMNAT1, HAGH, LXN, gal-8, alpha-2-MRAP, IL12, PDGF-R-alpha, NAAA, EDA2R, CLEC1B, and LAT. Mini-mental state examination z scores showed the strongest correlations with protein levels, specifically negative correlations with CLEC1b, LXN, LAT, PLXNB3, NMNAT1, gal-8, HAGH, NAAA, CTSS, EZR, KYNU, MANF (r=-0.38 to -0.26) and a positive correlation with ADAM23 (r= 0.26). In summary, we identified several plasma proteins that were significantly associated with cognitive performance in older adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome, although further research is needed to replicate the results in larger samples and to include a predictive perspective.
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Ni J, Nishi SK, Babio N, Ros E, Basterra-Gortari FJ, Corella D, O C, Martínez JA, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, López-Miranda J, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Santos-Lozano JM, Serra-Majem L, Cano-Ibáñez N, Tur JA, Fernández-García JM, Pintó X, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Matía-Martín P, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Daimiel L, Fernández-Aranda F, Ruiz-Canela M, Mestres Solà C, Portolés O, Sala-Vila A, Garcia-Rios A, Compañ-Gabucio LM, Gómez-Gracia E, Zulet MA, Chaplin A, Casas R, Martínez-Diz S, Tojal-Sierra L, Gómez-Pérez AM, Toledo E, Rios S, Ortega-Azorín C, de la Torre R, Peña-Orihuela PJ, Garcia-de la Hera M, Sayón-Orea C, Malcampo M, Salas-Salvadó J. Higher versus lower nut consumption and changes in cognitive performance over two years in a population at risk of cognitive decline: a cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:360-368. [PMID: 37269908 PMCID: PMC10447472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] [Imported: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tree nuts and peanuts (henceforth, nuts) are nutrient-dense foods rich in neuroprotective components; thus, their consumption could benefit cognitive health. However, evidence to date is limited and inconsistent regarding the potential benefits of nuts for cognitive function. OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate the association between nut consumption and 2-y changes in cognitive performance in older adults at cognitive decline risk. METHODS A total of 6,630 participants aged 55 to 75 y (mean age 65.0±4.9 y, 48.4% women) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome completed a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests at baseline and a 2-y follow-up. Composite cognitive scores were used to assess global, general, attention, and executive function domains. Nut consumption was categorized as <1, ≥1 to <3, ≥3 to <7, and ≥7 servings/wk (1 serving=30 g). Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were fitted to assess associations between baseline nut consumption and 2-y cognitive changes. RESULTS Nut consumption was positively associated with 2-y changes in general cognitive function (P-trend <0.001). Compared with participants consuming <1 serving/wk of nuts, those categorized as consuming ≥3 to <7 and ≥7 servings/wk showed more favorable changes in general cognitive performance (β z-score [95% CI] = 0.06 [0.00,0.12] and 0.13 [0.06,0.20], respectively). No significant changes were observed in the multivariable-adjusted models for other cognitive domains assessed. CONCLUSION Frequent nut consumption was associated with a smaller decline in general cognitive performance over 2 y in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. Randomized clinical trials to verify our findings are warranted.
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García S, Pastor R, Monserrat-Mesquida M, Álvarez-Álvarez L, Rubín-García M, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Goday A, Martínez JA, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, Lopez-Miranda J, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Riquelme-Gallego B, Pintó X, Gaforio JJ, Matía P, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Daimiel L, Ros E, Sayón-Orea C, Guillem-Saiz P, Valle-Hita C, Cabanes R, Abete I, Goicolea-Güemez L, Gómez-Gracia E, Tercero-Maciá C, Colom A, García-Ríos A, Castro-Barquero S, Fernández-García JC, Santos-Lozano JM, Cenoz JC, Barragán R, Khoury N, Castañer O, Zulet MÁ, Vaquero-Luna J, Bes-Rastrollo M, de Las Heras-Delgado S, Ciurana R, Martín-Sánchez V, Tur JA, Bouzas C. Metabolic syndrome criteria and severity and carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions in an adult population. Global Health 2023; 19:50. [PMID: 37443076 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-023-00948-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] [Imported: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a growing risk factor of some non-communicable diseases. Increase of greenhouse gas emissions affects the planet. AIMS To assess the association between MetS severity and amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted in an adult population. DESIGN Cross-sectional study (n = 6646; 55-76-year-old-men; 60-75-year-old-women with MetS). METHODS Dietary habits were assessed using a pre-validated semi quantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire. The amount of CO2 emitted due to the production of food consumed by person and day was calculated using a European database, and the severity of the MetS was calculated with the MetS Severity Score. RESULTS Higher glycaemia levels were found in people with higher CO2 emissions. The risk of having high severe MetS was related to high CO2 emissions. CONCLUSIONS Low CO2 emissions diet would help to reduce MetS severity. Advantages for both health and the environment were found following a more sustainable diet. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN, ISRCTN89898870 . Registered 05 September 2013.
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de Las Heras-Delgado S, Shyam S, Cunillera È, Dragusan N, Salas-Salvadó J, Babio N. Are plant-based alternatives healthier? A two-dimensional evaluation from nutritional and processing standpoints. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112857. [PMID: 37254431 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-Based Alternative Products (PBAPs) to meat and dairy are increasingly available. Their relative nutritional quality in comparison to animal-based homologs is poorly documented. OBJECTIVE To characterize and evaluate the plant-based alternatives available on the market in Spain in comparison to animal products in terms of their nutritional composition and profile, and degree of processing. METHODS Nutritional information for PBAPs and homologs were obtained from the Spanish 'Veggie base', branded food composition database. Five PBAPs categories (cheese, dairy products, eggs, meat, and fish, n = 922) were compared to animal-based processed (n = 922) and unprocessed (n = 381) homologs, using the modified version of the Food Standard Agency Nutrient Profiling System (FSAm-NPS score) and NOVA classification criteria. RESULTS Compared to processed or unprocessed animal food, PBAPs contain significantly higher sugar, salt, and fiber. PBAPs for fish, seafood, and meat were lower in protein and saturated fatty acids. Overall, 68% of PBAPs, 43% of processed and 75% of unprocessed animal-homologs had Nutri-Score ratings of A or B (most healthy). About 17% of PBAPs, 35% of processed and 13% of unprocessed animal-based food were in Nutri-Score categories D or E (least healthy). Dairy, fish, and meat alternatives had lower FSAm-NPS scores (most healthy), while cheese alternatives scored higher (least healthy) than animal-based homologs. Unprocessed fish and meat were healthier than similar PBAPs based on FSAm-NPS criteria. Approximately 37% of PBAPs and 72% of processed animal-based products were ultra-processed food (NOVA group 4). Within the ultra-processed food group, Nutri-Score varied widely. CONCLUSIONS Most PBAPs had better nutrient profile than animal-based homologs. However, cheese, fish and meats PBAPs had poorer nutrient profile and were more processed. Given the high degree of processing and variable nutritional profile, PBAPs require a multi-dimensional evaluation of their health impact.
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Díaz-Gutiérrez J, Martínez-González MÁ, Alonso A, Toledo E, Salas-Salvadó J, Sorlí JV, Ros E, Fitó M, Estruch R, Arós F, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Gómez-Gracia E, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Portolés O, Babio N, Castañer O, Ruiz-Canela M. American Heart Association's life simple 7 and the risk of atrial fibrillation in the PREDIMED study cohort. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1144-1148. [PMID: 36958970 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The American Heart Association proposed 7 ideal cardiovascular health metrics (Life's Simple 7 [LS7]) namely, not smoking, body mass index <25 kg/m2, healthy diet, moderate physical activity ≥150 min/week, total blood cholesterol <200 mg/dL, blood pressure <120/80 mmHg and fasting blood glucose <100 mg/dL. Our objective was to assess the association between these LS7 metrics and the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 6,479 participants of the PREDIMED study were included. We calculated the participants' baseline LS7 index ranging 0-7 points to categorize them according to their adherence to these LS7 health metrics. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate Hazard Ratios (HR) and their 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). After a median follow-up of 4.8 years, we identified 250 incident cases of AF. After adjusting for potential confounders, adherence to LS7 index was not associated with the incidence of AF (adjusted HR 0.90 [95% CI: 0.56-1.45] for highest vs. lowest LS7 categories). Body mass index <25 kg/m2 was the only health metric individually associated with a lower risk of AF (HR 0.36 [95% CI: 0.16-0.78]). CONCLUSIONS In a high cardiovascular risk Spanish population, adherence to American Heart Association's LS7 metrics was not associated with the risk of incident AF. CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER ISRCTN35739639.
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Aas AM, Axelsen M, Churuangsuk C, Hermansen K, Kendall CWC, Kahleova H, Khan T, Lean MEJ, Mann JI, Pedersen E, Pfeiffer A, Rahelić D, Reynolds AN, Risérus U, Rivellese AA, Salas-Salvadó J, Schwab U, Sievenpiper JL, Thanopoulou A, Uusitupa EM. Evidence-based European recommendations for the dietary management of diabetes. Diabetologia 2023; 66:965-985. [PMID: 37069434 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes management relies on effective evidence-based advice that informs and empowers individuals to manage their health. Alongside other cornerstones of diabetes management, dietary advice has the potential to improve glycaemic levels, reduce risk of diabetes complications and improve health-related quality of life. We have updated the 2004 recommendations for the nutritional management of diabetes to provide health professionals with evidence-based guidelines to inform discussions with patients on diabetes management, including type 2 diabetes prevention and remission. To provide this update we commissioned new systematic reviews and meta-analyses on key topics, and drew on the broader evidence available. We have strengthened and expanded on the previous recommendations to include advice relating to dietary patterns, environmental sustainability, food processing, patient support and remission of type 2 diabetes. We have used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach to determine the certainty of evidence for each recommendation based on findings from the commissioned and identified systematic reviews. Our findings indicate that a range of foods and dietary patterns are suitable for diabetes management, with key recommendations for people with diabetes being largely similar for those for the general population. Important messages are to consume minimally processed plant foods, such as whole grains, vegetables, whole fruit, legumes, nuts, seeds and non-hydrogenated non-tropical vegetable oils, while minimising the consumption of red and processed meats, sodium, sugar-sweetened beverages and refined grains. The updated recommendations reflect the current evidence base and, if adhered to, will improve patient outcomes.
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García S, Pastor R, Monserrat-Mesquida M, Álvarez-Álvarez L, Rubín-García M, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Fitó M, Martínez JA, Tojal-Sierra L, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, López-Miranda J, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Santos-Lozano JM, Serra-Majem L, Cano-Ibañez N, Pintó X, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Matía-Martín P, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Daimiel L, Ros E, Buil-Cosiales P, Martínez-Rodríguez MÁ, Coltell O, Castañer O, Garcia-Rios A, Barceló C, Gómez-Gracia E, Zulet MÁ, Konieczna J, Casas R, Massó-Guijarro P, Goicolea-Güemez L, Bernal-López MR, Bes-Rastrollo M, Shyam S, González JI, Zomeño MD, Peña-Orihuela PJ, González-Palacios S, Toledo E, Khoury N, Perez KA, Martín-Sánchez V, Tur JA, Bouzas C. Ultra-processed foods consumption as a promoting factor of greenhouse gas emissions, water, energy, and land use: A longitudinal assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023:164417. [PMID: 37236477 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary patterns can produce an environmental impact. Changes in people's diet, such as the increased consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) can not only influence human health but also environment sustainability. OBJECTIVES Assessment of the impact of 2-year changes in UPF consumption on greenhouse gas emissions and water, energy and land use. DESIGN A 2-year longitudinal study after a dietary intervention including 5879 participants from a Southern European population between the ages of 55-75 years with metabolic syndrome. METHODS Food intake was assessed using a validated 143-item food frequency questionnaire, which allowed classifying foods according to the NOVA system. In addition, sociodemographic data, Mediterranean diet adherence, and physical activity were obtained from validated questionnaires. Greenhouse gas emissions, water, energy and land use were calculated by means of the Agribalyse® 3.0.1 database of environmental impact indicators for food items. Changes in UPF consumption during a 2-year period were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted using computed General Linear Models. RESULTS Participants with major reductions in their UPF consumption reduced their impact by -0.6 kg of CO2eq and -5.3 MJ of energy. Water use was the only factor that increased as the percentage of UPF was reduced. CONCLUSIONS Low consumption of ultra-processed foods may contribute to environmental sustainability. The processing level of the consumed food should be considered not only for nutritional advice on health but also for environmental protection. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN, ISRCTN89898870. Registered 05 September 2013, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870.
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Pinar-Martí A, Gignac F, Fernández-Barrés S, Romaguera D, Sala-Vila A, Lázaro I, Ranzani OT, Persavento C, Delgado A, Carol A, Torrent J, Gonzalez J, Roso E, Barrera-Gómez J, López-Vicente M, Boucher O, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Turner MC, Burgaleta M, Canals J, Arija V, Basagaña X, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, Sunyer J, Julvez J. Effect of walnut consumption on neuropsychological development in healthy adolescents: a multi-school randomised controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 59:101954. [PMID: 37096186 PMCID: PMC10121389 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Omega-3 fatty acids are critical for neuropsychological functioning. Adolescence is increasingly believed to entail brain vulnerability to dietary intake. The potential benefit on adolescent neurodevelopment of consuming walnuts, a source of omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), remains unclear. Methods We conducted a 6-month multi-school-based randomised controlled nutrition intervention trial to assess whether walnut consumption has beneficial effects on the neuropsychological and behavioural development of adolescents. The study took place between 04/01/2016 and 06/30/2017 in twelve different high schools in Barcelona, Spain (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02590848). A total of 771 healthy teenagers aged 11-16 years were randomised into two equal groups (intervention or control). The intervention group received 30 g/day of raw walnut kernels to be incorporated into their diet for 6 months. Multiple primary endpoints concerning neuropsychological (working memory, attention, fluid intelligence, and executive function) and behavioural (socio-emotional and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] symptoms) development were assessed at baseline and after intervention. Red blood cell (RBC) ALA status was determined at baseline and 6 months as a measure of compliance. Main analyses were based on intention-to-treat using a linear mixed-effects model. A per-protocol effect of the intervention was analysed using inverse-probability weighting to account for post-randomisation prognostic factors (including adherence) using generalised estimating equations. Findings In intention-to-treat analyses, at 6 months there were no statistically significant changes between the intervention and control groups for all primary endpoints. RBC ALA (%) significantly increased only in the intervention group, coefficient = 0.04 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.03, 0.06; p < 0.0001). The per-protocol (adherence-adjusted) effect on improvement in attention score (hit reaction time variability) was -11.26 ms (95% CI = -19.92, -2.60; p = 0.011) for the intervention group as compared to the control group, improvement in fluid intelligence score was 1.78 (95% CI = 0.90, 2.67; p < 0.0001), and reduction of ADHD symptom score was -2.18 (95% CI = -3.70, -0.67; p = 0.0050). Interpretation Our study suggested that being prescribed eating walnuts for 6 months did not improve the neuropsychological function of healthy adolescents. However, improved sustained attention, fluid intelligence, and ADHD symptoms were observed in participants who better complied with the walnut intervention. This study provides a foundation for further clinical and epidemiological research on the effect of walnuts and ALA on neurodevelopment in adolescents. Funding This study was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the projects 'CP14/00108, PI16/00261, PI21/00266' (co-funded by European Union Regional Development Fund 'A way to make Europe'). The California Walnut Commission (CWC) has given support by supplying the walnuts for free for the Walnuts Smart Snack Dietary Intervention Trial.
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Toledo E, Wittenbecher C, Razquin C, Ruiz-Canela M, Clish CB, Liang L, Alonso A, Hernández-Alonso P, Becerra-Tomás N, Arós-Borau F, Corella D, Ros E, Estruch R, García-Rodríguez A, Fitó M, Lapetra J, Fiol M, Alonso-Gomez ÁM, Serra-Majem L, Deik A, Salas-Salvadó J, Hu FB, Martínez-González MA. Plasma lipidome and risk of atrial fibrillation: results from the PREDIMED trial. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:355-364. [PMID: 37004634 PMCID: PMC10300169 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential role of the lipidome in atrial fibrillation (AF) development is still widely unknown. We aimed to assess the association between lipidome profiles of the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) trial participants and incidence of AF. We conducted a nested case-control study (512 incident centrally adjudicated AF cases and 735 controls matched by age, sex, and center). Baseline plasma lipids were profiled using a Nexera X2 U-HPLC system coupled to an Exactive Plus orbitrap mass spectrometer. We estimated the association between 216 individual lipids and AF using multivariable conditional logistic regression and adjusted the p values for multiple testing. We also examined the joint association of lipid clusters with AF incidence. Hitherto, we estimated the lipidomics network, used machine learning to select important network-clusters and AF-predictive lipid patterns, and summarized the joint association of these lipid patterns weighted scores. Finally, we addressed the possible interaction by the randomized dietary intervention.Forty-one individual lipids were associated with AF at the nominal level (p < 0.05), but no longer after adjustment for multiple-testing. However, the network-based score identified with a robust data-driven lipid network showed a multivariable-adjusted ORper+1SD of 1.32 (95% confidence interval: 1.16-1.51; p < 0.001). The score included PC plasmalogens and PE plasmalogens, palmitoyl-EA, cholesterol, CE 16:0, PC 36:4;O, and TG 53:3. No interaction with the dietary intervention was found. A multilipid score, primarily made up of plasmalogens, was associated with an increased risk of AF. Future studies are needed to get further insights into the lipidome role on AF.Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN35739639.
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Sanchis P, Prieto RM, Konieczna J, Grases F, Abete I, Salas-Salvadó J, Martín V, Ruiz-Canela M, Babio N, García-Gavilán JF, Goday A, Costa-Bauza A, Martínez JA, Romaguera D. Estimated Phytate Intake Is Associated with Bone Mineral Density in Mediterranean Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071791. [PMID: 37049631 PMCID: PMC10097286 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to explore the association of dietary phytate intake with bone mineral density (BMD) in a Mediterranean population of postmenopausal women. For this purpose, a cross-sectional analysis of 561 women aged 55-75 years with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from a Mediterranean area and with data on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans in femur and lumbar spine was performed. Estimated phytate intake was calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Our results indicated that phytate intake was associated with BMD [β(95%CI) per each 25 mg/100 kcal] in femoral neck [0.023(0.060-0.040) g/cm2], femoral Ward's triangle [0.033(0.013-0.054) g/cm2], total femur [0.018(0.001-0.035) g/cm2], and all the analyzed lumbar spine sites [L1-L4: 0.033(0.007-0.059) g/cm2] after adjusting for potential confounders. The sensitivity analysis showed that phytate intake was directly associated with lumbar spine BMD in women younger than 66 years, with a body mass index higher than 32.6 kg/cm2 and without type 2 diabetes (all p-for interactions < 0.05). The overall results indicated that phytate, a substance present in food as cereals, legumes and nuts, was positively associated with BMD in Mediterranean postmenopausal women. Phytate may have a protective effect on bone resorption by adsorbing on the surfaces of HAP. Nevertheless, large, long-term, and randomized prospective clinical studies must be performed to assess the possible benefits of phytate consumption on BMD in postmenopausal women.
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Grants
- NIH 1R01DK127601 NIH HHS
- Advanced Research Grant 2014-2019; agreement #34091 European Research Council
- PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462,PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722,PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919,PI14/00853,PI14/01374, PI14/00972, PI14/00728, PI14/01471, PI16/00 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
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Henn M, Babio N, Romaguera D, Vázquez-Ruiz Z, Konieczna J, Vioque J, Torres-Collado L, Razquin C, Buil-Cosiales P, Fitó M, Schröder H, Hu FB, Abete I, Zulet MÁ, Fernández-Villa T, Martín V, Estruch R, Vidal J, Paz-Graniel I, Martínez JA, Salas-Salvadó J, Martínez-González MA, Ruiz-Canela M. Increase from low to moderate, but not high, caffeinated coffee consumption is associated with favorable changes in body fat. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:477-485. [PMID: 36870243 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Higher consumption of coffee and caffeine has been linked to less weight gain and lower body mass index in prospective cohort studies. The aim of the study was to longitudinally assess the association of changes in coffee and caffeine intake with changes in fat tissue, in particular, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) using dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). METHODS In the setting of a large, randomized trial of Mediterranean diet and physical activity intervention, we evaluated 1483 participants with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Repeated measurements of coffee consumption from validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and DXA measurements of adipose tissue were collected at baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 3 years of follow-up. DXA-derived measurements of total and regional adipose tissue expressed as % of total body weight were transformed into sex-specific z-scores. Linear multilevel mixed-effect models were used to investigate the relationship between changes in coffee consumption and corresponding concurrent changes in fat tissue during a 3-year follow-up. RESULTS After adjustment for intervention group, and other potential confounders, an increase in caffeinated coffee consumption from no or infrequent consumption (≤3 cups/month) to moderate consumption (1-7 cups/week) was associated with reductions in total body fat (Δ z-score: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.02), trunk fat (Δ z-score: -0.07; 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.02), and VAT (Δ z-score: -0.07; 95% CI: -0.13 to -0.01). Neither changes from no or infrequent consumption to high levels of caffeinated coffee consumption (>1 cup/day) nor any changes in decaffeinated coffee consumption showed significant associations with changes in DXA measures. CONCLUSIONS Moderate changes in the consumption of caffeinated coffee, but not changes to high consumption, were associated with reductions in total body fat, trunk fat and VAT in a Mediterranean cohort with MetS. Decaffeinated coffee was not linked to adiposity indicators. Moderate consumption of caffeinated coffee may be part of a weight management strategy. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870) with number 89898870 and registration date of 24 July 2014, retrospectively registered.
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Santos JL, Ruiz-Canela M, Razquin C, Clish CB, Guasch-Ferré M, Babio N, Corella D, Gómez-Gracia E, Fiol M, Estruch R, Lapetra J, Fitó M, Aros F, Serra-Majem L, Liang L, Martínez MÁ, Toledo E, Salas-Salvadó J, Hu FB, Martínez-González MA. Circulating citric acid cycle metabolites and risk of cardiovascular disease in the PREDIMED study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:835-843. [PMID: 36739229 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Plasma citric acid cycle (CAC) metabolites might be likely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, studies assessing the longitudinal associations between circulating CAC-related metabolites and CVD risk are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of baseline and 1-year levels of plasma CAC-related metabolites with CVD incidence (a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death), and their interaction with Mediterranean diet interventions. METHODS AND RESULTS Case-cohort study from the PREDIMED trial involving participants aged 55-80 years at high cardiovascular risk, allocated to MedDiets or control diet. A subcohort of 791 participants was selected at baseline, and a total of 231 cases were identified after a median follow-up of 4.8 years. Nine plasma CAC-related metabolites (pyruvate, lactate, citrate, aconitate, isocitrate, 2-hydroxyglutarate, fumarate, malate and succinate) were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Weighted Cox multiple regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs). Baseline fasting plasma levels of 3 metabolites were associated with higher CVD risk, with HRs (for each standard deviation, 1-SD) of 1.46 (95%CI:1.20-1.78) for 2-hydroxyglutarate, 1.33 (95%CI:1.12-1.58) for fumarate and 1.47 (95%CI:1.21-1.78) for malate (p of linear trend <0.001 for all). A higher risk of CVD was also found for a 1-SD increment of a combined score of these 3 metabolites (HR = 1.60; 95%CI: 1.32-1.94, p trend <0.001). This result was replicated using plasma measurements after one-year. No interactions were detected with the nutritional intervention. CONCLUSION Plasma 2-hydroxyglutarate, fumarate and malate levels were prospectively associated with increased cardiovascular risk. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER ISRCTN35739639.
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Salas-Salvadó J, Nishi SK, Sabaté J, Ros E. Where We Are and Where We Are Going in Nut Research. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071691. [PMID: 37049530 PMCID: PMC10096602 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuts have been part of the human diet for thousands of years [...]
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Khoury N, Martínez MÁ, Paz-Graniel I, Martínez-González MÁ, Corella D, Castañer O, Martínez JA, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, López-Miranda J, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem JL, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Tur JA, Sanjurjo SC, Pintó X, Gaforio JJ, Matía-Martín P, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Daimiel L, Ros E, Sayon-Orea C, Sorli JV, Pérez-Vega KA, Garcia-Rios A, Bellvert NG, Gómez-Gracia E, Zulet MA, Chaplin A, Casas R, Salcedo-Bellido I, Tojal-Sierra L, Bernal-Lopez MR, Vazquez Z, Asensio EM, Goday A, Peña-Orihuela PJ, Pastor AS, Garcia-Arellano A, Fitó M, Babio N, Salas-Salvadó J. Dietary intake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans, adiposity and obesity status. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115697. [PMID: 36972775 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The principal source of exposure to Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (PCDD/Fs) in humans comes from food intake. PCDD/Fs, are a family of potential endocrine disruptors and have been associated with different chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. However, studies assessing the relationship between dietary exposure to PCDD/Fs and adiposity or obesity status in a middle-aged population are limited. OBJECTIVE To assess cross-sectionally and longitudinally the associations between estimated dietary intake (DI) of PCDD/Fs and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and the prevalence/incidence of obesity and abdominal obesity in a middle-aged population. METHODS In 5899 participants aged 55-75 years (48% women) living with overweight/obesity from the PREDIMED-plus cohort, PCDD/Fs DI was estimated using a 143-item validated food-frequency questionnaire, and the levels of food PCDD/F expressed as Toxic Equivalents (TEQ). Consequently, cross-sectional and prospective associations between baseline PCDD/Fs DI (in pgTEQ/week) and adiposity or obesity status were assessed at baseline and after 1-year follow-up using multivariable cox, logistic or linear regression models. RESULTS Compared to participants in the first PCDD/F DI tertile, those in the highest tertile presented a higher BMI (β-coefficient [confidence interval]) (0.43kg/m2 [0.22; 0.64]; P-trend <0.001), a higher waist circumference (1.11 cm [0.55; 1.66]; P-trend <0.001), and a higher prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity (1.05 [1.01; 1.09] and 1.02 [1.00; 1.03]; P-trend = 0.09 and 0.027, respectively). In the prospective analysis, participants in the top PCDD/F DI baseline tertile showed an increase in waist circumference compared with those in the first tertile after 1-year of follow-up (β-coefficient 0.37 cm [0.06; 0.70]; P-trend = 0.015). CONCLUSION Higher DI of PCDD/Fs was positively associated with adiposity parameters and obesity status at baseline and with changes in waist circumference after 1-year of follow-up in subjects living with overweight/obesity. Further large prospective studies using a different population with longer follow-up periods are warranted in the future to strengthen our results.
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Bouzas C, Pastor R, Garcia S, Monserrat-Mesquida M, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Goday A, Martínez JA, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Fernández-Barceló O, Vioque J, Romaguera D, Lopez-Miranda J, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Riquelme-Gallego B, Martín-Sánchez V, Pintó X, Delgado-Rodriguez M, Matía P, Vidal J, Cardenas-Salas JJ, Daimiel L, Ros E, Toledo E, Manzanares JM, Gonzalez-Monge I, Muñoz MÁ, Martinez-Urbistondo D, Tojal-Sierra L, Muñoz-Bravo C, Miralles-Gisbert S, Martin M, García-Ríos A, Castro-Barquero S, Fernández-García JC, Santos-Lozano JM, Basterra-Gortari FJ, Gutiérrez-Carrasquilla L, Guillem-Saiz P, Satorres A, Abete I, Sorto-Sanchez C, Díez-Espino J, Babio N, Fitó M, Tur JA. Comparative effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors agonists, 4-dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors, and metformin on metabolic syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114561. [PMID: 36934556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess the comparative effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), 4-dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors (DPP-4I), and metformin treatment during one year on metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and severity in MetS patients. METHODS Prospective study (n = 6165 adults) within the frame of PREDIMED-Plus trial. The major end-point was changes on MetS components and severity after one- year treatment of GLP-1RA, DPP-4I, and metformin. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height and waist circumference), body mass index (BM), and blood pressure were registered. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting. Plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), plasma triglycerides and cholesterol were measured. Dietary intakes as well as physical activity were assessed through validated questionnaires. RESULTS MetS parameters improved through time. The treated groups improved glycaemia compared with untreated (glycaemia ∆ untreated: -1.7 mg/dL(± 13.5); ∆ metformin: - 2.5(± 23.9) mg/dL; ∆ DPP-4I: - 4.5(± 42.6); mg/dL ∆ GLP-1RA: - 4.3(± 50.9) mg/dL; and HbA1c: ∆ untreated: 0.0(± 0.3) %; ∆ metformin: - 0.1(± 0.7) %; ∆ DPP-4I: - 0.1(± 1.0) %; ∆ GLP-1RA: - 0.2(± 1.2) %. Participants decreased BMI and waist circumference. GLP-1RA and DPP-4I participants registered the lowest decrease in BMI (∆ untreated: -0.8(± 1.6) kg/m2; ∆ metformin: - 0.8(± 1.5) kg/m2; ∆ DPP-4I: - 0.6(± 1.3) kg/m2; ∆ GLP-1RA: - 0.5(± 1.2) kg/m2. and their waist circumference (∆ untreated: -2.8(± 5.2) cm; ∆ metformin: - 2.6(± 15.2) cm; ∆ DPP-4I: - 2.1(± 4.8) cm; ∆ GLP-1RA: - 2.4(± 4.1) cm. CONCLUSION In patients with MetS and healthy lifestyle intervention, those treated with GLP-1RA and DPP-4I obtained better glycemic profile. Anthropometric improvements were modest.
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Water intake, hydration status and 2-year changes in cognitive performance: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2023; 21:82. [PMID: 36882739 PMCID: PMC9993798 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water intake and hydration status have been suggested to impact cognition; however, longitudinal evidence is limited and often inconsistent. This study aimed to longitudinally assess the association between hydration status and water intake based on current recommendations, with changes in cognition in an older Spanish population at high cardiovascular disease risk. METHODS A prospective analysis was conducted of a cohort of 1957 adults (aged 55-75) with overweight/obesity (BMI between ≥ 27 and < 40 kg/m2) and metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-Plus study. Participants had completed bloodwork and validated, semiquantitative beverage and food frequency questionnaires at baseline, as well as an extensive neuropsychological battery of 8 validated tests at baseline and 2 years of follow-up. Hydration status was determined by serum osmolarity calculation and categorized as < 295 mmol/L (hydrated), 295-299.9 mmol/L (impending dehydration), and ≥ 300 mmol/L (dehydrated). Water intake was assessed as total drinking water intake and total water intake from food and beverages and according to EFSA recommendations. Global cognitive function was determined as a composite z-score summarizing individual participant results from all neuropsychological tests. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to assess the associations between baseline hydration status and fluid intake, continuously and categorically, with 2-year changes in cognitive performance. RESULTS The mean baseline daily total water intake was 2871 ± 676 mL/day (2889 ± 677 mL/day in men; 2854 ± 674 mL/day in women), and 80.2% of participants met the ESFA reference values for an adequate intake. Serum osmolarity (mean 298 ± 24 mmol/L, range 263 to 347 mmol/L) indicated that 56% of participants were physiologically dehydrated. Lower physiological hydration status (i.e., greater serum osmolarity) was associated with a greater decline in global cognitive function z-score over a 2-year period (β: - 0.010; 95% CI - 0.017 to - 0.004, p-value = 0.002). No significant associations were observed between water intake from beverages and/or foods with 2-year changes in global cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS Reduced physiological hydration status was associated with greater reductions in global cognitive function over a 2-year period in older adults with metabolic syndrome and overweight or obesity. Future research assessing the impact of hydration on cognitive performance over a longer duration is needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Registry, ISRCTN89898870. Retrospectively registered on 24 July 2014.
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Razquin C, Ruiz-Canela M, Wernitz A, Toledo E, Corella D, Alonso-Gómez Á, Fitó M, Gómez-Gracia E, Estruch R, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Ros E, Arós F, Salas-Salvadó J, Schulze MB, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. Effects of Supplemented Mediterranean Diets on Plasma-Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease after 1 Year of Intervention in the PREDIMED Trial. Clin Chem 2023; 69:283-294. [PMID: 36683466 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvac221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma fatty acids (FAs) have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Diet and endogenous metabolism influence the FA profile of the plasma phospholipid (PL) fraction. In the PREDIMED trial, we examined 1-year changes in the FA profile of plasma PL according to a nutritional intervention with Mediterranean diets, either supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (MedDiet + EVOO) or mixed nuts (MedDiet + nuts), in a high cardiovascular risk population. We also analyzed if 1-year changes in PL FAs were associated with subsequent cardiovascular risk. METHODS We included 779 participants in our case-cohort study: 185 incident cases and 594 participants in the subcohort (including 31 overlapping cases). The end point was the incidence of CVD. We measured the FAs of plasma PL at baseline and after 1 year of intervention. RESULTS MedDiet + EVOO increased C17:0 and C20:3n9 in linear regression models [β coefficientperSD : 0.215 (95% CI, 0.032-0.399) and 0.271 (0.107-0.434), respectively] and decreased 16:1n7 and C22:4n6 [βperSD: -0.239 (95% CI, -0.416 to -0.061) and -0.287 (95% CI, -0.460 to -0.113), respectively] vs the control group. MedDiet + nuts increased C18:3n3 [βperSD: 0.382 (95% CI, 0.225 - 0.539)], C18:2n6 [βper SD: 0.250 (95% CI, 0.073 - 0.428)], C18:0 [βperSD: 0.268 (95% CI, 0.085-0.452)], and C22:0 [βper SD: 0.216 (95% CI, 0.031-0.402)]; and decreased the sum of six n6 FAs [βper SD: -0.147 (95% CI, -0.268 to -0.027)] vs the control group. The 1-year increase in C18:2n6 was inversely associated with the subsequent CVD risk (HRperSD: 0.64 (95% CI, 0.44-0.92)). CONCLUSIONS MedDiet interventions changed n6 FAs and C16:1n7c; other changes were specific for each group: MedDiet + EVOO increased C17:0 and C20:3n9, and MedDiet + Nuts C18:3n3, C18:2n6, C18:0, and C22:0 FAs.
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Paz-Graniel I, Salas-Salvadó J. Coffee and health. Med Clin (Barc) 2023; 160:352-354. [PMID: 36801110 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Glenn AJ, Aune D, Freisling H, Mohammadifard N, Kendall CWC, Salas-Salvadó J, Jenkins DJA, Hu FB, Sievenpiper JL. Nuts and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes: A Review of the Evidence and Future Directions. Nutrients 2023; 15:911. [PMID: 36839269 PMCID: PMC9964942 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuts are nutrient-rich foods that contain many bioactive compounds that are beneficial for cardiovascular health. Higher consumption of nuts has been associated with a reduced risk of several cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in prospective cohort studies, including a 19% and 25% lower risk of CVD incidence and mortality, respectively, and a 24% and 27% lower risk of coronary heart disease incidence and mortality, respectively. An 18% lower risk of stroke mortality, a 15% lower risk of atrial fibrillation, and a 19% lower risk of total mortality have also been observed. The role of nuts in stroke incidence, stroke subtypes, peripheral arterial disease and heart failure has been less consistent. This narrative review summarizes recommendations for nuts by clinical practice guidelines and governmental organizations, epidemiological evidence for nuts and CVD outcomes, nut-containing dietary patterns, potential mechanisms of nuts and CVD risk reduction, and future research directions, such as the use of biomarkers to help better assess nut intake. Although there are still some uncertainties around nuts and CVD prevention which require further research, as summarized in this review, there is a substantial amount of evidence that supports that consuming nuts will have a positive impact on primary and secondary prevention of CVD.
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Nishi SK, Viguiliouk E, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA, Hu FB, Sievenpiper JL, Atzeni A, Misra A, Salas-Salvadó J. Nuts in the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040878. [PMID: 36839236 PMCID: PMC9965730 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a continuously growing global concern affecting >10% of adults, which may be mitigated by modifiable lifestyle factors. Consumption of nuts and their inclusion in dietary patterns has been associated with a range of beneficial health outcomes. Diabetes guidelines recommend dietary patterns that incorporate nuts; however, specific recommendations related to nuts have been limited. This review considers the epidemiological and clinical evidence to date for the role of nut consumption as a dietary strategy for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related complications. Findings suggest nut consumption may have a potential role in the prevention and management of T2D, with mechanistic studies assessing nuts and individual nut-related nutritional constituents supporting this possibility. However, limited definitive evidence is available to date, and future studies are needed to elucidate better the impact of nuts on the prevention and management of T2D.
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Castro-Barquero S, Casas R, Rimm EB, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Romaguera D, Martínez JA, Salas-Salvadó J, Martínez-González MA, Vidal J, Ruiz-Canela M, Konieczna J, Sacanella E, García-Gavilán JF, Fitó M, García-Arellano A, Estruch R. Loss of Visceral Fat is Associated with a Reduction in Inflammatory Status in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200264. [PMID: 36416291 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Excessive visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with higher secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules, contributing to systemic inflammation and obesity-related metabolic disturbances. METHODS AND RESULTS This prospective analysis includes 117 overweight/obese adults (55-75 years) from the PREDIMED-Plus study. Fourteen inflammatory markers and adipokines are measured using a Bio-Plex assay with multiplex technology: insulin, glucagon, IL-6, visfatin, ghrelin, GLP-1, TNF-α, MCP-1, PAI-1, resistin, C-peptide, leptin, adipsin, and adiponectin. Participants are categorized into tertiles according to changes in VAT after 1-year of follow-up, determined by dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry. Participants allocate in tertile 3, which represent an increase of VAT content after 1-year of follow-up compared to tertile 1, show significant differences in insulin (T3 vs T1, fully adjusted model: p = 0.037, p for trend 0.042), PAI-1 (fully adjusted model: p = 0.05, p for trend 0.06), c-peptide (fully adjusted model: p = 0.037, p for trend 0.042), and TNF-α (fully adjusted model p = 0.037, p for trend 0.042). CONCLUSION The results evidence that a reduction in VAT is associated with clinical improvements in several inflammatory and adiposity markers, mainly in insulin, c-peptide, and PAI-1 levels, and these improvements may contribute to a reduction in cardiometabolic disturbances observe in obesity.
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