1
|
Kwon YK, Valentino PL, Healey PJ, Dick AAS, Hsu EK, Perkins JD, Sturdevant ML. Optimizing pediatric liver transplantation: Evaluating the impact of donor age and graft type on patient survival outcome. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14771. [PMID: 38702924 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the combined effects of donor age and graft type on pediatric liver transplantation outcomes with an aim to offer insights into the strategic utilization of these donor and graft options. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted using a national database on 0-2-year-old (N = 2714) and 3-17-year-old (N = 2263) pediatric recipients. These recipients were categorized based on donor age (≥40 vs <40 years) and graft type. Survival outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models, followed by an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis to examine overall patient survival. RESULTS Living and younger donors generally resulted in better outcomes compared to deceased and older donors, respectively. This difference was more significant among younger recipients (0-2 years compared to 3-17 years). Despite this finding, ITT survival analysis showed that donor age and graft type did not impact survival with the exception of 0-2-year-old recipients who had an improved survival with a younger living donor graft. CONCLUSIONS Timely transplantation has the largest impact on survival in pediatric recipients. Improving waitlist mortality requires uniform surgical expertise at many transplant centers to provide technical variant graft (TVG) options and shed the conservative mindset of seeking only the "best" graft for pediatric recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong K Kwon
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Transplantation, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Surgery, Clinical and Bio-Analytics Transplant Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pamela L Valentino
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Patrick J Healey
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Transplantation, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Surgery, Clinical and Bio-Analytics Transplant Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andre A S Dick
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Transplantation, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Surgery, Clinical and Bio-Analytics Transplant Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Evelyn K Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James D Perkins
- Department of Surgery, Clinical and Bio-Analytics Transplant Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark L Sturdevant
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Surgery, Clinical and Bio-Analytics Transplant Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hakeem AR, Gee H, Attia M, Raj Prasad K. Gastric sleeve as an extra-anatomical roux for biliary reconstruction in a pediatric third liver transplant. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14769. [PMID: 38659292 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sir Roy Calne in 1976 described "Biliary reconstruction is the Achilles heel of liver transplantation," and it remains true. In some patients, such as those with short-gut syndrome and concomitant biliary atresia, neither duct to duct nor Roux biliary reconstruction is feasible. METHODS We present a case of child's third liver transplant (LT), where an innovative extra-anatomical biliary bypass was created using a sleeve from greater curvature of the stomach. RESULTS The patient is well nearly 10 years following the LT. CONCLUSIONS This technique could prove to be an important addition to the armamentarium of a surgeon in difficult retransplants and in patients with short-gut syndrome as it provides a viable option with good long-term outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahman Hakeem
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, St James's University Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Harrison Gee
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, St James's University Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Magdy Attia
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, St James's University Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - K Raj Prasad
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, St James's University Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mulé G, de Ville de Goyet J, Mularoni A. Hepatic granulomas in a pediatric liver transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 2024; 26:e14254. [PMID: 38351508 DOI: 10.1111/tid.14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mulé
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, ISMETT-IRCCS (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Palermo, Italy
| | - Jean de Ville de Goyet
- Department of Pediatrics, Surgery and Transplantation Pediatric Unit, ISMETT-IRCCS (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mularoni
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, ISMETT-IRCCS (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Beati F, Mosca A, Pietrobattista A, Liccardo D, Ronci S, Monti L, Francalanci P, Spada M, Maggiore G, Bagolan P, Fusaro F. Biliary atresia in preterm infants: a single center experience and review of literature. Front Surg 2024; 11:1353424. [PMID: 38496210 PMCID: PMC10940420 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1353424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) remains challenging, and there is still uncertainty regarding the optimal time to perform a Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE). Little is known about the difficulties in the diagnosis and outcomes of BA in preterm infants (PBA). This study, which represents the first Italian report of preterm infants with BA, aims to describe a single-center experience of BA in preterm newborns. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all infants consecutively diagnosed with BA who underwent a Kasai procedure at the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital between January 1998 and December 2021. Prematurity was defined as a gestational age (GA) of <37 weeks. Demographic, laboratory, and histology data were recorded, and the main outcomes considered were clearance of jaundice (COJ), native liver survival, and mortality. Results A total of 21 PBA were compared with 117 term BA controls (TBA). The median GA of PBA was 35.1 (32-36.1) weeks, with a mean birth weight of 2,100 (1,897-2,800) g. Age at first presentation was significantly lower in PBA patients: 46 (22-68) vs. 61 (44-72) days; p = 0.02. The median age at KPE was similar between the two groups: 70 days (33 corrected) for PBA vs. 67 in TBA; p = 0.8. At the time of surgery, median serum bilirubin was lower in the PBA group (7.7 vs. 8.6 mg/dl, p = 0.04). Similarly, the median APRi at the time of KPE was lower but not significant in the PBA group: 1.09 vs. 1.16; p = 0.8. No differences were found in terms of COJ between the PBA and TBA groups: n = 9 (43%) vs. 34 (35%); p = 0.2. Overall native liver survival was similar between the two groups: 8.6 (4.8-12.2) for the PBA group vs. 7.6 (5.6-9.5) years for the TBA group with no significant differences; p = 0.45. Post-KPE native liver survival was similar between the two groups: 38% vs. 52% at 5 years for the TBA and PBA groups, respectively; p = 0.54. Conclusion The PBA and TBA groups appear to have similar outcomes in terms of COJ, overall native liver survival, and 5-year liver survival. Considering the corrected GA, early KPE is related to lower cholestatic damage. Further multicenter studies are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Beati
- Neonatal Surgery Unit, Area of Fetal, Neonatal and Cardiological Sciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Mosca
- Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Transplant Unit and Medical Genetics Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Pietrobattista
- Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Transplant Unit and Medical Genetics Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Transplant Unit and Medical Genetics Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Ronci
- Neonatal Surgery Unit, Area of Fetal, Neonatal and Cardiological Sciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Monti
- Department of Radiology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Francalanci
- Pathology Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Spada
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation and Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maggiore
- Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Transplant Unit and Medical Genetics Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Bagolan
- Neonatal Surgery Unit, Area of Fetal, Neonatal and Cardiological Sciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Fusaro
- Neonatal Surgery Unit, Area of Fetal, Neonatal and Cardiological Sciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shohet A, Ziv N, Gavish R, Haskin O, Alfandary H, Waisbourd-Zinman O, Mozer-Glassberg Y, Krause I. Clinical profile of re-hospitalizations in pediatric kidney and liver transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14658. [PMID: 38009427 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid organ transplantation has evolved in recent decades, resulting in a rise in patient and graft survival. Frequent hospitalizations affect graft function, patients' health, and quality of life. This study characterizes the frequency and causes of post-transplant hospitalizations among pediatric recipients. METHODS This is a retrospective observational study evaluating pediatric kidney transplant recipients (KTR) and liver transplant recipients (LTR) aged 0-21 years, followed at a tertiary pediatric center in Israel from 2012 to 2017. Data were collected starting at 60 days post-transplantation. Diagnoses of admissions were based on clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings. RESULTS Forty-nine KTR experienced 199 all-cause re-hospitalizations (median number of re-hospitalizations per patient - 3 (IQR [interquartile range] 1-5.5), while 351 re-hospitalizations were recorded in 56 LTR (median - 5 [IQR 2-8.8]). Median follow-up time was 2.2 years for KTR (IQR 1-3.9) and 3 years for LTR (IQR 2.1-4.1). The most common cause for hospitalization for both cohorts was infection (50.8% and 62%, respectively). Gram-negative bacteria were the most common pathogens identified in KTR, while viral pathogens were more common in LTR (51% and 57% of pathogen-identified cases, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This is the largest study to describe rehospitalizations for pediatric solid organ recipients. The hospital admission rate was higher in LTR in comparison to KTR. Infections were the most common cause of hospitalization throughout the whole study period in both populations. Frequent hospitalizations impose a heavy burden on patients and their families; better understanding of hospitalization causes may help to minimize their frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Shohet
- Department of Pediatrics "C", Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Noa Ziv
- Department of Pediatrics "C", Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rachel Gavish
- Department of Pediatrics "C", Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orly Haskin
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Nephrology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Hadas Alfandary
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Nephrology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Orith Waisbourd-Zinman
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Yael Mozer-Glassberg
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Irit Krause
- Department of Pediatrics "C", Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bilhartz JL, Lopez MJ, Eder SJ, Magee JC, Rea K, Sturza J, Fredericks EM. Changes over time in self-efficacy and the allocation of responsibility for health management tasks in pediatric liver transplant recipients: Targets to improve the transition process. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14673. [PMID: 38059409 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The process of transition to adult-based care encompasses a critical period in the life of an adolescent and young adult living with a chronic illness and one that comes with an increase in the risk of poor health outcomes. As yet, there is a dearth of empirical data to help optimize this process to ensure the best long-term outcome. METHODS This study used a principal components analysis to determine specific constructs measured by a revised version of the transition readiness survey used in our clinic. We investigated changes in these constructs over time. We further investigated the relationship between the change in these constructs over time spent in a focused transition program with adherence. RESULTS The primary component underlying our transition readiness survey for patients and parents represented self-efficacy. Time spent in the transition program was an independent predictor of change in self-efficacy (rho 0.299, p = .015); however, the magnitude of that change had no relationship to adherence. Change in parent-proxy self-efficacy was found to have a statistically significant relationship with tacrolimus standard deviation (rho -0.301, p = .026). There was disagreement identified between patient and parent responses on the survey. Neither change in patient nor parent reports of self-efficacy was found to have a relationship with post-transfer adherence. CONCLUSIONS This study reaches the novel conclusion that self-efficacy and parent-proxy self-efficacy are dynamic concepts that change over time spent in a focused transition program. The patient-parent disagreement and the relationship between parent-proxy self-efficacy and adherence stress the importance of involving parents/guardians in the transition process as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Bilhartz
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- University of Michigan Transplant Center, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - M James Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- University of Michigan Transplant Center, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sally J Eder
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John C Magee
- University of Michigan Transplant Center, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelly Rea
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Julie Sturza
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Emily M Fredericks
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- University of Michigan Transplant Center, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tran TT, Ho PD, Luu NAT, Truong TYN, Nguyen HVK, Bui HT, Pham NT, Tran DA, Pirotte T, Gurevich M, Reding R. Implementing living-donor pediatric liver transplantation in Southern Vietnam: 15-year results and perspectives. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14441. [PMID: 37294691 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ND2 in Ho Chi Minh City is currently the only public center that performs PLT in Southern Vietnam. In 2005, the first PLT was successfully performed, with support from Belgian experts. This study reviews the implementation of PLT at our center and evaluates the results and challenges. METHODS Implementation of PLT at ND2 required medico-surgical team building and extensive improvement of hospital facilities. Records of 13 transplant recipients from 2005 to 2020 were studied retrospectively. Short- and long-term complications, as well as the survival rates, were reported. RESULTS The mean follow-up time was 8.3 ± 5.7 years. Surgical complications included one case of hepatic artery thrombosis that was successfully repaired, one case of colon perforation resulting in death from sepsis, and two cases of bile leak that were drained surgically. PTLD was observed in five patients, of whom three died. There were no cases of retransplantation. The 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year patient survival rates were 84.6%, 69.2%, and 69.2%, respectively. There were no cases of complication or death among the donors. CONCLUSION Living-donor PLT was developed at ND2 for providing a life-saving treatment to children with end-stage liver disease. Early surgical complication rate was low, and the patient survival rate was satisfactory at 1 year. Long-term survival decreased considerably due to PTLD. Future challenges include surgical autonomy and improvement of long-term medical follow-up with a particular emphasis on prevention and management of Epstein-Barr virus-related disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Tri Tran
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases and Liver Transplant, Children's Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phi Duy Ho
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases and Liver Transplant, Children's Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen An Thuan Luu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases and Liver Transplant, Children's Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Yen Nhi Truong
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases and Liver Transplant, Children's Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hong Van Khanh Nguyen
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases and Liver Transplant, Children's Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hai Trung Bui
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases and Liver Transplant, Children's Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Dong A Tran
- Children's Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thierry Pirotte
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Gurevich
- Department of Surgery, Schneider's Children Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Raymond Reding
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lauterio A, Cillo U, Spada M, Trapani S, De Carlis R, Bottino G, Bernasconi D, Scalamogna C, Pinelli D, Cintorino D, D'Amico FE, Spagnoletti G, Miggino M, Romagnoli R, Centonze L, Caccamo L, Baccarani U, Carraro A, Cescon M, Vivarelli M, Mazaferro V, Ettorre GM, Rossi M, Vennarecci G, De Simone P, Angelico R, Agnes S, Di Benedetto F, Lupo LG, Zamboni F, Zefelippo A, Patrono D, Diviacco P, Laureiro ZL, Gringeri E, Di Francesco F, Lucianetti A, Valsecchi MG, Gruttadauria S, De Feo T, Cardillo M, De Carlis L, Colledan M, Andorno E. Improving outcomes of in situ split liver transplantation in Italy over the last 25 years. J Hepatol 2023; 79:1459-1468. [PMID: 37516203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Split liver transplant(ation) (SLT) is still considered a challenging procedure that is by no means widely accepted. We aimed to present data on 25-year trends in SLT in Italy, and to investigate if, and to what extent, outcomes have improved nationwide during this time. METHODS The study included all consecutive SLTs performed from May 1993 to December 2019, divided into three consecutive periods: 1993-2005, 2006-2014, and 2015-2019, which match changes in national allocation policies. Primary outcomes were patient and graft survival, and the relative impact of each study period. RESULTS SLT accounted for 8.9% of all liver transplants performed in Italy. A total of 1,715 in situ split liver grafts were included in the analysis: 868 left lateral segments (LLSs) and 847 extended right grafts (ERGs). A significant improvement in patient and graft survival (p <0.001) was observed with ERGs over the three periods. Predictors of graft survival were cold ischaemia time (CIT) <6 h (p = 0.009), UNOS status 2b (p <0.001), UNOS status 3 (p = 0.009), and transplant centre volumes: 25-50 cases vs. <25 cases (p = 0.003). Patient survival was significantly higher with LLS grafts in period 2 vs. period 1 (p = 0.008). No significant improvement in graft survival was seen over the three periods, where predictors of graft survival were CIT <6 h (p = 0.007), CIT <6 h vs. ≥10 h (p = 0.019), UNOS status 2b (p = 0.038), and UNOS status 3 (p = 0.009). Retransplantation was a risk factor in split liver graft recipients, with significantly worse graft and patient survival for both types of graft (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis showed Italian SLT outcomes to have improved over the last 25 years. These results could help to dispel reservations regarding the use of this procedure. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Split liver transplant(ation) (SLT) is still considered a challenging procedure and is by no means widely accepted. This study included all consecutive in situ SLTs performed in Italy from May 1993 to December 2019. With more than 1,700 cases, it is one of the largest series, examining long-term national trends in in situ SLT since its introduction. The data presented indicate that the outcomes of SLT improved during this 25-year period. Improvements are probably due to better recipient selection, refinements in surgical technique, conservative graft-to-recipient matching, and the continuous, yet carefully managed, expansion of donor selection criteria under a strict mandatory split liver allocation policy. These results could help to dispel reservations regarding the use of this procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lauterio
- Department of Transplantation, Division of General Surgery and Transplantation, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Umberto Cillo
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Spada
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Liver and Kidney Transplantation, European Reference Network "TransplantChild", Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Trapani
- Italian National Transplant Center-Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo De Carlis
- Department of Transplantation, Division of General Surgery and Transplantation, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; PhD Course in Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuliano Bottino
- Department of Hepatobiliarypancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, A.O.U. S. Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Bernasconi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Bicocca Bioinformatics Biostatistics and Bioimaging Centre-B4, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Scalamogna
- North Italy Transplant Program (NITp), UOC Coordinamento Trapianti, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Pinelli
- Department of Organ Failure and Transplantation, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Davide Cintorino
- Department for the Treatment and Study of Abdominal Diseases and Abdominal Transplantation, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), UPMC (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Gionata Spagnoletti
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Liver and Kidney Transplantation, European Reference Network "TransplantChild", Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Miggino
- Department of Hepatobiliarypancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, A.O.U. S. Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Renato Romagnoli
- Liver Transplant Center, General Surgery 2U, University of Turin, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Leonardo Centonze
- Department of Transplantation, Division of General Surgery and Transplantation, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucio Caccamo
- Division of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Umberto Baccarani
- Department of Medicine, Liver Transplant Center, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Amedeo Carraro
- Liver Transplant Unit, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Cescon
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplant Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Vivarelli
- HPB Surgery and Transplantation Unit, United Hospital of Ancona, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mazaferro
- Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Surgery, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione IRCCS Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Ettorre
- Division of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Rossi
- General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Sapienza University of Rome, Umberto I Polyclinic of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vennarecci
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, AORN Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo De Simone
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation AOU Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Angelico
- Department of Surgical Sciences, HPB and Transplant Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Agnes
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation Service, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Foundation A. Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Di Benedetto
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
| | - Luigi Giovanni Lupo
- General Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Fausto Zamboni
- Department of Surgery, General and Hepatic Transplantation Surgery Unit, A.O.B. Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Arianna Zefelippo
- Division of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Damiano Patrono
- Liver Transplant Center, General Surgery 2U, University of Turin, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Diviacco
- Department of Hepatobiliarypancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, A.O.U. S. Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Zoe Larghi Laureiro
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Liver and Kidney Transplantation, European Reference Network "TransplantChild", Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Enrico Gringeri
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Di Francesco
- Department for the Treatment and Study of Abdominal Diseases and Abdominal Transplantation, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), UPMC (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lucianetti
- First Department of General Surgery, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Piazza OMS 1, 24127, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Bicocca Bioinformatics Biostatistics and Bioimaging Centre-B4, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gruttadauria
- Department for the Treatment and Study of Abdominal Diseases and Abdominal Transplantation, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), UPMC (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center), Palermo, Italy; Department of Surgery and Medical and Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Tullia De Feo
- North Italy Transplant Program (NITp), UOC Coordinamento Trapianti, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Cardillo
- Italian National Transplant Center-Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano De Carlis
- Department of Transplantation, Division of General Surgery and Transplantation, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Colledan
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Department of Organ Failure and Transplantation, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Enzo Andorno
- Department of Hepatobiliarypancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, A.O.U. S. Martino, Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sanha V, Franzini TA, Junior WF, Kalil AN. Are the Post-transplant Outcomes of Kasai's Early Failure and Late Failure Comparable to the Primary Liver Transplantation? Cureus 2023; 15:e51424. [PMID: 38299129 PMCID: PMC10828627 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
It is uncertain whether prior Kasai procedures negatively impact the outcomes of liver transplantation (LT). The prior meta-analysis did not distinguish between Kasai early failure (K-EF) and late failure (K-LF). Numerous studies have been recently published; therefore, we perform a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed and Embase databases to identify studies comparing the outcomes of biliary atresia (BA) patients undergoing primary LT versus patients with prior Kasai procedures. Subgroup analysis was done at the time of Kasai failure (early vs. late). Twenty-five studies comprising 6,408 patients receiving LT were included in the analysis. We found a statistically significant increase in one-year graft survival in K-LF versus primary liver transplant (pLT) (P = 0.0003). One-year patient survival was also increased in K-LF, although not statistically significant (P = 0.09). No difference in the one- and five-year graft and patient survival, reoperation rate, infection, and biliary complication was seen in pLT vs overall prior Kasai (K-EF and K-LF). These results suggest that prior kasai procedure does not negatively impact the outcome of LT. In addition, BA patients with prior Kasai undergoing LT later in life tend to perform better than primary liver transplants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valberto Sanha
- General Surgery, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, BRA
| | - Tales A Franzini
- Medicine, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, BRA
| | - Waldemir F Junior
- Surgery, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, BRA
| | - Antonio N Kalil
- General Surgery and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) & Transplant Surgery, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, BRA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Siddiqui A, Faraoni D, Williams RJ, Eytan D, Levin D, Mazwi M, Ng VL, Sayed BA, Laussen P, Steinberg BE. Development and validation of a multivariable prediction model in pediatric liver transplant patients for predicting intensive care unit length of stay. Paediatr Anaesth 2023; 33:938-945. [PMID: 37555370 DOI: 10.1111/pan.14736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation is the life-saving treatment for many end-stage pediatric liver diseases. The perioperative course, including surgical and anesthetic factors, have an important influence on the trajectory of this high-risk population. Given the complexity and variability of the immediate postoperative course, there would be utility in identifying risk factors that allow prediction of adverse outcomes and intensive care unit trajectories. AIMS The aim of this study was to develop and validate a risk prediction model of prolonged intensive care unit length of stay in the pediatric liver transplant population. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of consecutive pediatric isolated liver transplant recipients at a single institution between April 1, 2013 and April 30, 2020. All patients under the age of 18 years receiving a liver transplant were included in the study (n = 186). The primary outcome was intensive care unit length of stay greater than 7 days. RESULTS Recipient and donor characteristics were used to develop a multivariable logistic regression model. A total of 186 patients were included in the study. Using multivariable logistic regression, we found that age < 12 months (odds ratio 4.02, 95% confidence interval 1.20-13.51, p = .024), metabolic or cholestatic disease (odds ratio 2.66, 95% confidence interval 1.01-7.07, p = .049), 30-day pretransplant hospital admission (odds ratio 8.59, 95% confidence interval 2.27-32.54, p = .002), intraoperative red blood cells transfusion >40 mL/kg (odds ratio 3.32, 95% confidence interval 1.12-9.81, p = .030), posttransplant return to the operating room (odds ratio 11.45, 95% confidence interval 3.04-43.16, p = .004), and major postoperative respiratory event (odds ratio 32.14, 95% confidence interval 3.00-343.90, p < .001) were associated with prolonged intensive care unit length of stay. The model demonstrates a good discriminative ability with an area under the receiver operative curve of 0.888 (95% confidence interval, 0.824-0.951). CONCLUSIONS We develop and validate a model to predict prolonged intensive care unit length of stay in pediatric liver transplant patients using risk factors from all phases of the perioperative period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asad Siddiqui
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Faraoni
- Arthur S. Keats Division of Pediatric Cardiovascular Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - R J Williams
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danny Eytan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rambam Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - David Levin
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mjaye Mazwi
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vicky L Ng
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Blayne A Sayed
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Laussen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Benjamin E Steinberg
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jeon HJ, Kang JM, Koh H, Kim MS, Ihn K. Postoperative Bloodstream Infection Is Associated with Early Vascular Complications in Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients with Biliary Atresia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6760. [PMID: 37959226 PMCID: PMC10648914 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infection (BSI) after pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) is a common and severe complication that affects patient survival. Children with biliary atresia (BA) are at an increased risk for clinically significant infections. This study evaluated the impact of post-PLT BSI on clinical outcomes in children with BA. A total of 67 patients with BA aged <18 years who underwent PLT between April 2006 and September 2020 were analyzed and divided into two groups according to the occurrence of post-PLT BSI within 1 month (BSI vs. no BSI = 13 [19.4%] vs. 54 [80.6%]). The BSI group was significantly younger at the time of PLT and had a higher frequency of BSI at the time of PLT than the no BSI group. Early vascular complications within 3 months and reoperations were significantly more frequent in the BSI group. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that bacteremia within 1 month of PLT and graft-to-recipient weight ratio >4% were significantly associated with vascular complications. In conclusion, BSI after PLT is associated with increased vascular complications and reoperations. Proper control of bacterial infections and early liver transplantation before uncontrolled BSI may reduce vascular complications and unexpected reoperations in children with BA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jong Jeon
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10444, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji-Man Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Koh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Ihn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Severance Children’s Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dewey MM, Kodali A, Jiao Y, Drobish JK. Outcomes in pediatric liver transplant recipients receiving bilateral continuous erector spinae plane blocks. Pediatr Transplant 2023; 27:e14558. [PMID: 37288575 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regional anesthesia allows for opioid-sparing and enhanced recovery after many major surgeries. Erector spinae blockade, with reduced bleeding risk and the option for continuous infusion, offers an opportunity to promote this principle in pediatric liver transplant patients. Our goal was to evaluate pain scores, opioid use, and return of bowel function following continuous ESP blockade in pediatric liver transplant recipients. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included extubated patients who received a liver transplant at St. Louis Children's Hospital from July 2016 to July 2021. The control group, which did not meet the criteria for ESP blockade and received standard analgesia regimens, was compared to the group receiving continuous ESP blockade. Measured outcomes included pain scores, opioid consumption through postoperative day two, date of first bowel movement, and length of stay in the ICU and the hospital. RESULTS Patient demographics between control and ESP groups showed no significant differences. Pain scores between control and ESP groups also showed no significant differences. Intraoperative and postoperative opioid requirements, studied in oral morphine equivalents per kilogram (OME/kg), were significantly lower for patients with ESP blockade. Time to first bowel movement was also significantly earlier for the ESP group. No significant differences were found in length of ICU or hospital stay. There were no safety concerns or complications related to ESP blockade. CONCLUSIONS Use of continuous ESP blockade resulted in reduced opioid consumption through postoperative day two and earlier return of bowel function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Dewey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ahalya Kodali
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - York Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Julie K Drobish
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nessim Kostandy E, Wan D, Imseis E. Rare Case of Pediatric Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder Presenting With Pleural Masses Complicated by Pleural Effusions. ACG Case Rep J 2023; 10:e01158. [PMID: 37753100 PMCID: PMC10519540 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder is a complication in organ transplant recipients characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of B-lymphocytes, occurring in 6% of pediatric patients, with risk factors including primary Epstein-Barr virus infection, intensity of immunosuppression, and cytomegalovirus infection. The clinical symptoms are often nonspecific, and it is associated with a high mortality rate if left untreated. We describe a rare case of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder who presented with pleural-based masses resulting in pleural effusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erini Nessim Kostandy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - David Wan
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX
| | - Essam Imseis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston John P and Katherine G McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang AC, Ebel NH, Romero D, Enns GM, Esquivel CO, Bonham C. Outcomes after liver transplantation in MPV17 deficiency: A rebuttal. Pediatr Transplant 2023; 27:e14472. [PMID: 36872458 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Noelle H Ebel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford and Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Danielle Romero
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Gregory M Enns
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford and Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Carlos O Esquivel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Clark Bonham
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Batsis I, Bucuvalas J, Eisenberg E, Lau J, Squires JE, Feng S, Perito ER. Immunosuppression after pediatric liver transplant: The parents' perspective. Clin Transplant 2023; 37:e14931. [PMID: 36774540 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For children with liver transplants (LT), achieving an "ideal outcome" is a balancing act: too little immunosuppression begets graft injury; too much begets systemic complications. We aimed to delineate the parental perspective on this tightrope. METHODS Parents of children with LT completed an internet-based survey about their child's immunosuppression. RESULTS Children of respondents (n = 82) were a median 4 years from primary LT (range 0-22); 73% were on immunosuppression monotherapy. Parents' top concerns were related to immunosuppression complications; 46% were more concerned about immunosuppression complications than rejection; only 17% were more concerned about rejection than immunosuppression complications. Among parents of children on immunosuppression monotherapy, 29% still worried more about immunosuppression complications than rejection, 48% expressed equal concern for both. Time since LT (0-4 vs. >4 years) was not associated with concern level for rejection or immunosuppression complications. Caregivers were significantly more certain that their child's immunosuppression regimen was correct to prevent rejection than to mitigate complications (p < .005). CONCLUSION Caregivers of children with LTs reported higher levels of concern and uncertainty about immunosuppression complications than rejection risk. Understanding parent and patient perspectives on IS, and incorporating them into immunosuppression counseling and decision-making, is critical to achieving truly "ideal" long-term outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irini Batsis
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine, Kravis Children's Hospital at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Bucuvalas
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine, Kravis Children's Hospital at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Lau
- Patient and Family Engaged Partners, Society for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - James E Squires
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sandy Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emily R Perito
- Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Venuthurimilli AK, Gupta R, Singhal S, Madaan V, Kumar P, Singh A, Sah R, Rastogi H, Vohra S, Sahni R, Bharadwaj R, Kumar K, Malhotra S, Jerat N, Sibal A, Goyal N. Intraoperative portal vein stenting through umbilical vein approach: An innovative salvage procedure for portal vein thrombosis in pediatric liver transplant. Pediatr Transplant 2023; 27:e14427. [PMID: 36324265 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IPVS is considered a last resort or a salvage procedure in the event of recurrent PV thrombosis despite multiple attempts at redo PV anastomosis. We employed the opened umbilical vein approach to place the stent in the PV and deliver anticoagulation through a catheter. MATERIALS AND METHODS From Jan 2017 to Feb 2022, 150 patients underwent pediatric transplantation at department of liver transplant and hepatobiliary surgery unit, Indraprastha Apollo hospitals, New Delhi. Age, weight, PELD Score, diagnosis, portal vein diameter on preoperative CT, Portal flow after stenting, decrease in spleen size after stenting in follow-up CT were collected from a prospectively maintained data base and reviewed. RESULTS Eight patients underwent IPVS following LDLT (mean age-10.6 ± 2.2 months, mean weight 8.1 ± 1.6, mean PELD score 32.7 ± 7.3). The mean PV diameter on preoperative CT scan was 3.6 mm (range 2.7-5.6 mm). The mean portal flow following stenting was 718.75 cc/min. Percentage reduction in size of the spleen was 26.35% beyond 2nd post-operative week. No patient had recurrent PV thrombosis following IPVS and all maintained an adequate portal flow throughout the immediate postoperative period. Two patients had in-hospital mortality secondary to septic complications. CONCLUSION Umbilical vein approach is technically feasible, easy to manipulate the stent and catheter placement after stenting helps to deliver anticoagulants locally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Venuthurimilli
- Liver Transplant and Hepato-Pancreatobiliary Surgery Unit (LTHPS), Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Rigved Gupta
- Liver Transplant and Hepato-Pancreatobiliary Surgery Unit (LTHPS), Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Singhal
- Liver Transplant and Hepato-Pancreatobiliary Surgery Unit (LTHPS), Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Varun Madaan
- Liver Transplant and Hepato-Pancreatobiliary Surgery Unit (LTHPS), Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Liver Transplant and Hepato-Pancreatobiliary Surgery Unit (LTHPS), Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanand Singh
- Liver Transplant and Hepato-Pancreatobiliary Surgery Unit (LTHPS), Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Rambabu Sah
- Liver Transplant and Hepato-Pancreatobiliary Surgery Unit (LTHPS), Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Rastogi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi
| | - Sandeep Vohra
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Reeti Sahni
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Bharadwaj
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, New Delhi, India
| | - Karunesh Kumar
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, New Delhi, India
| | - Smita Malhotra
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, New Delhi, India
| | - Namit Jerat
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, New Delhi, India
| | - Anupam Sibal
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, New Delhi, India
| | - Neerav Goyal
- Liver Transplant and Hepato-Pancreatobiliary Surgery Unit (LTHPS), Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sakhuja S, Himes R, Carreker C, Guffey D, Beer S, Amin M, Hiremath G, Mysore K. Impact of psychosocial factors on medication level variability index and outcomes in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2023; 27:e14425. [PMID: 36325588 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregivers play an important role in maintaining a functioning graft after pediatric liver transplantation. Therefore, the psychosocial factors of both patients and caregivers can have a critical impact on transplant outcomes. Appropriate assessment and recognition of these factors pre-transplantation may allow transplant teams to better define the needs of pediatric organ recipients and develop specific countermeasures, which may then contribute toward improving transplant outcomes. METHODS We studied 136 pediatric LT recipients followed at Texas Children's Hospital. Licensed social workers conducted comprehensive pre-transplant assessments on each patient, consisting of 22 psychosocial variables that were thought to impact adherence, which were reviewed during our study period. Non-adherence was determined using the MLVI for up to 4 years after transplantation. Biopsy-confirmed rejection episodes were assessed in the first 3 years after liver transplantation. RESULTS Factors significantly associated with non-adherence (defined as MLVI >2) included parental age and parental education level at assessment, type of insurance, and household income. The number of ACR episodes trended higher in patients with non-adherence, and these patients had a higher number of moderate to severe rejection episodes but this trend was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial characteristics such as parental age, education level, insurance, and household income may contribute significantly to suboptimal adherence to medications after transplantation. Identification of these psychosocial factors and early intervention is essential to the success and equitable care of our pediatric LT recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Sakhuja
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan Himes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Colleen Carreker
- Department of Patient and Family Services, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Danielle Guffey
- Institution for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stacey Beer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mansi Amin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Girish Hiremath
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt Children's, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Krupa Mysore
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rasmussen SK, Lemoine CP, Superina R, Sayed B, Goldaracena N, Soltys KA, Griesemer A, Dick A, Angelis M, Chin LT, Florman S, Ganoza A, Lyer K, Kang SM, Magliocca J, Squires J, Eisenberg E, Bray D, Tunno J, Reyes JD, Mazariegos GV. State of pediatric liver transplantation in the United States and achieving zero wait list mortality with ideal outcomes: A statement from the Starzl Network for Excellence in Pediatric Transplant Surgeon's Working Group. Pediatr Transplant 2023; 27 Suppl 1:e14283. [PMID: 36468324 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplant is a life-saving therapy that can restore quality life for several pediatric liver diseases. However, it is not available to all children who need one. Expertise in medical and surgical management is heterogeneous, and allocation policies are not optimally serving children. Technical variant grafts from both living and deceased donors are underutilized. METHODS Several national efforts in pediatric liver transplant to improve access to and outcomes from liver transplant for children have been instituted and include adjustments to allocation policies, UNOS-sponsored collaborative improvement projects, and the emergence of national learning networks to study ongoing challenges in the field the Surgical Working group of the Starzl Network for Excellence in Pediatric Transplantation (SNEPT) discusses key issues and proposes potential solutions to eliminate the persistent wait list mortality that pediatric patients face. RESULTS A discussion of the factors impacting pediatric patients' access to liver transplant is undertaken, along with a proposal of several measures to ensure equitable access to life-saving liver transplant. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric liver transplant wait list mortality can and should be eliminated. Several measures, including collaborative efforts among centers, could be leveraged to acheive this goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Rasmussen
- Department of Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caroline P Lemoine
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Riccardo Superina
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Blayne Sayed
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kyle A Soltys
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam Griesemer
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andre Dick
- Department of Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - L Thomas Chin
- Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Sander Florman
- Mt Sinai Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Armando Ganoza
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kishore Lyer
- Mt Sinai Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- Mt Sinai Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Magliocca
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James Squires
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Eisenberg
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Patient and Family Voice Committee, Starzl Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Bray
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Patient and Family Voice Committee, Starzl Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Tunno
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jorge D Reyes
- Department of Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - George V Mazariegos
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Arroyo-Orvañanos J, Hernández-Plata JA, Erro-Aboytia R, Nieto-Zermeño J, Reyes-López A, Varela-Fascinetto G. Cytomegalovirus infection and disease in pediatric liver transplantation: Burden of disease under a preemptive therapy approach. Pediatr Transplant 2023; 27:e14356. [PMID: 35842927 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CMV remains a frequent complication after liver transplantation. Few studies exist in children reporting the epidemiology and outcomes of CMV after LT with current prevention strategies. Our goal is to report the incidence of CMV infection and disease in pediatric LT recipients under preemptive therapy, identify risk factors, complications, and adverse reactions to treatment. METHODS All pediatric LT recipients from a single center (1998-2018) were included. Antigenemia pp65 (1998-2003) and QNAT or both were used to inform preemptive therapy. Cutoff value for starting treatment was Agpp65 > 10 + cells/200 000 or QNAT >1500 copies/ml or any value in high-risk recipients (D+/R-). RESULTS One hundred eighteen LT were analyzed. CMV infection was detected in 67% of patients, only 44 (37%) required treatment, and 5 (4%) developed CMV disease. All patients responded well to treatment, and no graft or patients were lost to CMV effects. There were no differences in mortality, CMV indirect effects, or other complications between those who required treatment and those who did not. Thirty-two percent of the patients who received antivirals developed an adverse hematological reaction. Risk factors associated with CMV infection requiring treatment were D+/R- (OR 13.9, p = .01) and fulminant hepatitis (OR 4.8, p = .02). CONCLUSIONS Preemptive therapy for CMV in children is safe and effective, yields low CMV infection rates that require treatment, and minimal rates of CMV disease, without increasing CMV-related complications. Using this strategy, 63% of our patients did not receive treatment. Therefore, drug exposure, adverse reactions, and resistance risk were minimized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Arroyo-Orvañanos
- Transplantation Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rosa Erro-Aboytia
- Transplantation Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Nieto-Zermeño
- Transplantation Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Reyes-López
- Transplantation Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang AC, Ebel NH, Romero D, Martin B, Jhun I, Brown M, Enns GM, Esquivel C, Bonham C. Outcomes after liver transplantation in MPV17 deficiency (Navajo neurohepatopathy): A single-center case series. Pediatr Transplant 2022; 26:e14274. [PMID: 35466509 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MPV17-related mitochondrial DNA maintenance defect (MPV17 deficiency) is a rare, autosomal recessive mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome with a high mortality rate in infancy and early childhood due to progression to liver failure. Liver transplantation for children with MPV17 deficiency has been considered controversial due to uncertainty about the potential progression of extrahepatic manifestations following liver transplantation. METHODS We describe our institution's experience for two infants diagnosed with infantile MPV17 deficiency who presented in acute on chronic liver failure, but with normal development and normal neurological status who successfully underwent liver transplantation. RESULTS Both patients underwent successful liver transplantation with normal development and neurological status at 3 years and 16 months post-transplant, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this rare disease population, we describe two infants with MPV17 deficiency who underwent liver transplantation for acute on chronic liver failure who continue to have normal development, without progression of neurological disease. MPV17 deficiency should not be considered a contraindication to liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Huang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Noelle H Ebel
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Danielle Romero
- Department of Pediatric Liver Transplant, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Brock Martin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Iny Jhun
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Megan Brown
- Department of Pediatric Liver Transplant, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Gregory M Enns
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Carlos Esquivel
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Clark Bonham
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kanneganti M, Xu Y, Huang YS, Kitt E, Fisher BT, Abt PL, Rand EB, Schaubel DE, Bittermann T. Center Variability in Acute Rejection and Biliary Complications After Pediatric Liver Transplantation. Liver Transpl 2022; 28:454-465. [PMID: 34365719 PMCID: PMC8821725 DOI: 10.1002/lt.26259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Transplant center performance and practice variation for pediatric post-liver transplantation (LT) outcomes other than survival are understudied. This was a retrospective cohort study of pediatric LT recipients who received transplants between January 1, 2006, and May 31, 2017, using United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) data that were merged with the Pediatric Health Information System database. Center effects for the acute rejection rate at 1 year after LT (AR1) using UNOS coding and the biliary complication rate at 1 year after LT (BC1) using inpatient billing claims data were estimated by center-specific rescaled odds ratios that accounted for potential differences in recipient and donor characteristics. There were 2216 pediatric LT recipients at 24 freestanding children's hospitals in the United States during the study period. The median unadjusted center rate of AR1 was 36.92% (interquartile range [IQR], 22.36%-44.52%), whereas that of BC1 was 32.29% (IQR, 26.14%-40.44%). Accounting for recipient case mix and donor factors, 5/24 centers performed better than expected with regard to AR1, whereas 3/24 centers performed worse than expected. There was less heterogeneity across the center effects for BC1 than for AR1. There was no relationship observed between the center effects for AR1 or BC1 and center volume. Beyond recipient and allograft factors, differences in transplant center management are an important driver of center AR1 performance, and less so of BC1 performance. Further research is needed to identify the sources of variability so as to implement the most effective solutions to broadly enhance outcomes for pediatric LT recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mounika Kanneganti
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yuwen Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yuan-Shung Huang
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eimear Kitt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brian T Fisher
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Division of Infectious Diseases, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter L Abt
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elizabeth B Rand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Douglas E Schaubel
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Therese Bittermann
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Katzenstein HM, Malogolowkin MH, Krailo MD, Piao J, Towbin AJ, McCarville MB, Tiao GM, Dunn SP, Langham MR, McGahren ED, Finegold MJ, Ranganathan S, Weldon CB, Thompson PA, Trobaugh-Lotrario AD, O’Neill AF, Furman WL, Chung N, Randazzo J, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Meyers RL. Doxorubicin in combination with cisplatin, 5-flourouracil, and vincristine is feasible and effective in unresectable hepatoblastoma: A Children's Oncology Group study. Cancer 2022; 128:1057-1065. [PMID: 34762296 PMCID: PMC9066555 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Children's Oncology Group (COG) adopted cisplatin, 5-flourouracil, and vincristine (C5V) as standard therapy after the INT-0098 legacy study showed statistically equivalent survival but less toxicity in comparison with cisplatin and doxorubicin. Subsequent experience demonstrated doxorubicin to be effective in patients with recurrent disease after C5V, and this suggested that it could be incorporated to intensify therapy for patients with advanced disease. METHODS In this nonrandomized, phase 3 COG trial, the primary aim was to explore the feasibility and toxicity of a novel therapeutic cisplatin, 5-flourouracil, vincristine, and doxorubicin (C5VD) regimen with the addition of doxorubicin to C5V for patients considered to be at intermediate risk. Patients were eligible if they had unresectable, nonmetastatic disease. Patients with a complete resection at diagnosis and local pathologic evidence of small cell undifferentiated histology were also eligible for an assessment of feasibility. RESULTS One hundred two evaluable patients enrolled between September 14, 2009, and March 12, 2012. Delivery of C5VD was feasible and tolerable: the mean percentages of the target doses delivered were 96% (95% CI, 94%-97%) for cisplatin, 96% (95% CI, 94%-97%) for 5-fluorouracil, 95% (95% CI, 93%-97%) for doxorubicin, and 90% (95% CI, 87%-93%) for vincristine. Toxicity was within expectations, with death as a first event in 1 patient. The most common adverse events were febrile neutropenia (n = 55 [54%]), infection (n = 48 [47%]), mucositis (n = 31 [30%]), hypokalemia (n = 39 [38%]), and elevated aspartate aminotransferase (n = 28 [27%]). The 5-year event-free and overall survival rates for the 93 patients who did not have complete resection at diagnosis were 88% (95% CI, 79%-93%) and 95% (95% CI, 87%-98%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The addition of doxorubicin to the previous standard regimen of C5V is feasible, tolerable, and efficacious, and this suggests that C5VD is a good regimen for future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Howard M Katzenstein
- Nemours Children’s Specialty Care and Wolfson Children’s Hospital, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | - Mark D Krailo
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jin Piao
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - M Beth McCarville
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center and St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Gregory M Tiao
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Max R Langham
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center and St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Allison F O’Neill
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Wayne L Furman
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center and St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | - Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center and St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Purvis JW, Orandi BJ, Dhall D, McLeod C, Sanchez LHG, Gray M, Frey K, Sheikh SS, Cannon RM, Terrault NA, Lewis CE, Locke JE. Hepatic macrosteatosis in the US pediatric deceased liver donor population. Pediatr Transplant 2022; 26:e14155. [PMID: 34590386 PMCID: PMC8752486 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pediatric obesity epidemic is associated with early development of hepatic macrosteatosis, a hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty LI disease, which is thought to be more rapidly progressive in children than adults. Macrosteatosis in adult allografts is associated with allograft loss, but this has not been examined in pediatric donors. METHODS We studied all pediatric potential whole LI donors (2005-2018) who had a LI biopsy in the SRTR (n = 862) and whose LI was transplanted (n = 862). Macrosteatosis was abstracted from biopsy reports and compared to values in the SRTR standard analytic file. Recipients of macrosteatotic pediatric allografts were matched 1:1 to recipients of non-macrosteatotic pediatric allografts by propensity score matching on donor/recipient variables. All-cause allograft loss was estimated via Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS From 2005 to 2018, the proportion of pediatric donors (age ≥2 years) with obesity increased (14.8% to 21.7%; p < .001), as did the proportion of pediatric deceased whole LI-only donor allografts with macrosteatosis (n = 10 648; 1.8% to 3.9%; p < .001). The median degree of macrosteatosis among macrosteatotic donors was 10% (IQR 5-30). There were no significant differences in all-cause allograft loss between recipients of pediatric LI allografts with and without macrosteatosis at 90 days (p = .11) or 1 year (p = .14) post-transplant in Kaplan-Meier analysis or a Cox proportional hazards model (p > .05). CONCLUSION Obese pediatric LI donors have increased over time and were more likely to have hepatic macrosteatosis; however, pediatric macrosteatosis did not appear to adversely affect recipient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W. Purvis
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation; Birmingham, AL
| | - Babak J. Orandi
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation; Birmingham, AL
| | - Deepti Dhall
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology; Birmingham, AL
| | - Chandler McLeod
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation; Birmingham, AL
| | - Luz Helena Gutierrez Sanchez
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Meagan Gray
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Kayla Frey
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation; Birmingham, AL
| | - Saulat S. Sheikh
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation; Birmingham, AL
| | - Robert M. Cannon
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation; Birmingham, AL
| | - Norah A. Terrault
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases
| | - Cora E. Lewis
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology
| | - Jayme E. Locke
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation; Birmingham, AL
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Grant A, Ng VL, Nicholas D, Dhawan A, Yazigi N, Ee LC, Stormon MO, Gilmour SM, Schreiber RA, Carmody E, Otley AR. The effects of child anxiety and depression on concordance between parent-proxy and self-reported health-related quality of life for pediatric liver transplant patients. Pediatr Transplant 2021; 25:e14072. [PMID: 34245065 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HRQOL is a key outcome following pediatric LT. Parent-proxy reports may substitute for patients unable to report their own HRQOL. This study compared parent-proxy and self-reported HRQOL in children who have undergone LT. METHODS Pediatric LT recipients between the ages of 8 and 18 years, and a parent, completed self and proxy versions of the PeLTQL questionnaire, PedsQL Generic and Transplant modules, and standardized measures of depression and anxiety. RESULTS Data from 129 parent-patient dyads were included. Median parent age was 44 years, and most (89%) were mothers. Median patient age was 2.5 years at LT and 13.6 years at the time of study participation. Parents had significantly lower scores than patients on PedsQL total generic (70.8 ± 18.5 and 74.3 ± 19.0, p = .01), PeLTQL coping and adjustment (63.0 ± 15.6 and 67.3 ± 16.2, p < .01), and social-emotional (66.3 ± 14.9 and 71.9 ± 15.6, p < .001) domains. Higher patient anxiety and depression were related to larger absolute differences between parent-proxy and self-reported scores on all HRQOL measures (all p < .05). In this disparity, parents reported higher HRQOL scores than their child as self-reported anxiety and depression scores increased. CONCLUSIONS Differences in concordance between parent-proxy and self-reported HRQOL scores can be more prominent when children have more symptoms of anxiety and depression. Children's mental health symptoms should be queried, if feasible, when interpreting differences in parent and child reports of HRQOL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Grant
- Maritime Intestinal Research Alliance, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Vicky L Ng
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Nada Yazigi
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Looi C Ee
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplant, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Erin Carmody
- Maritime Intestinal Research Alliance, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Anthony R Otley
- Maritime Intestinal Research Alliance, Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zakaria HM, Alobthani S, Elsarawy A, Saleh Y, Zidan A, Alabbad S, Elsheikh Y, Algoufi T, Shagrani M, Troisi RI, Broering D. Large for size in pediatrics liver transplant using left lateral segment grafts: A single center experience. Pediatr Transplant 2021; 25:e14044. [PMID: 34076330 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are still controversies in using the large left lateral segment in pediatrics LT, with the possibility of the problem of LFS grafts, and the use of monosegmental or reduced liver grafts in small infants. This study aimed to evaluate our experience with LFSG in pediatrics LT. METHODS A cohort retrospective analysis was conducted including pediatric recipients who underwent LT between January 2011 and October 2019. We compared recipients with GRWR ≥ 4% (LFS) vs GRWR < 4% as an average for size grafts. RESULTS There were 331 pediatric LT, 74 patients with GRWR ≥ 4%, and 257 patients with GRWR < 4%. In the group of LFS grafts, temporary abdominal closure by silicon patch was done in 39 patients (52.7%), 2 patients (2.7%) had postoperative HAT, 3 patients (4.1%) early PVT, 1 patient (1.3%) bile leak, and 3 patients (4.1%) had wound infection, with no significant difference in these complications between the 2 groups. In patients with LFS- grafts, the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-year patients survival rates were 94.6%, 91.7%, 91.7%, and 91.7%, respectively, while the survival rates in patients of the other group were 96.1%, 92.6%, 91.9%, and 91.9%, respectively, with no significant difference (p = .85). CONCLUSION Using LFS graft by left lateral segment in pediatric LT with potential delayed abdominal closure is a safe and feasible option with good outcomes and unnecessary need for graft reduction if performed by an experienced multidisciplinary team.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Mohamed Zakaria
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-koom, Egypt.,Department of Liver and Small Bowel Transplantation & HPB Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah Alobthani
- Department of Liver and Small Bowel Transplantation & HPB Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Elsarawy
- Department of Liver and Small Bowel Transplantation & HPB Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Oncosurgery, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yahia Saleh
- Department of Liver and Small Bowel Transplantation & HPB Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Zidan
- Department of Liver and Small Bowel Transplantation & HPB Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of General Surgery, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Saleh Alabbad
- Department of Liver and Small Bowel Transplantation & HPB Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Elsheikh
- Department of Liver and Small Bowel Transplantation & HPB Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of General Surgery, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Talal Algoufi
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Liver and Small Bowel Transplantation, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shagrani
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Liver and Small Bowel Transplantation, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roberto Ivan Troisi
- Department of Liver and Small Bowel Transplantation & HPB Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Dieter Broering
- Department of Liver and Small Bowel Transplantation & HPB Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Banc-Husu AM, Badke CM, Sanchez-Pinto LN, Alonso EM. Dexmedetomidine leading to profound bradycardia in a pediatric liver transplant recipient. Pediatr Transplant 2021; 25:e13895. [PMID: 33118274 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine, an α2 -agonist, is used in the PICU for its sedative properties as it minimally affects respiratory status. However, hemodynamic instability is one of its known side effects. There is limited published experience with its use in pediatric liver transplant. We present a case of a 9-month-old infant who received a deceased donor liver transplantation for biliary atresia and received an IV dexmedetomidine infusion for sedation starting at 20 hours post-operatively. The patient received an IV bolus of 0.08 mcg/kg followed by an increase to 1 mcg/kg/hour. She was also receiving a fentanyl infusion for sedation at the time of dexmedetomidine initiation. Approximately 3 hours after initiation, she developed bradycardia as low as 30 beats-per-minute with an associated sinus pause of 7 seconds. She was given chest compressions by the bedside nurse briefly before arousing and becoming agitated. Evaluation of other etiologies for the patient's bradycardia was unrevealing. Thus, bradycardia was attributed to dexmedetomidine therapy which was discontinued without recurrence. Hemodynamic instability, specifically bradycardia, is known to occur with dexmedetomidine administration. As this medication is primarily metabolized by the liver, its use immediately after transplantation, when liver function is still recovering, may be associated with an increased risk of side effects. Understanding risk factors for bradycardia and hemodynamic instability early after liver transplantation, particularly with dexmedetomidine, is critical to allow clinicians to identify the patients for higher risk for dexmedetomidine side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Banc-Husu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Colleen M Badke
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lazaro Nelson Sanchez-Pinto
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Estella M Alonso
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Katz M, Gillespie S, Stevens JP, Hall L, Kolachala V, Ford R, Levin K, Gupta NA. African American Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients Have an Increased Risk of Death After Transferring to Adult Healthcare. J Pediatr 2021; 233:119-125.e1. [PMID: 33667506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the long-term outcomes in pediatric liver transplant recipients after they have transferred to an adult provider and assess for racial disparities in health outcomes. STUDY DESIGN This is a single-center, retrospective review of pediatric patients who underwent liver transplantation between July 1990 and August 2015 at a tertiary healthcare system with a large transplant center. Patient mortality and retransplantation were assessed after transfer to adult care. RESULTS There were 120 patients who were transferred, of whom 19 did not meet the inclusion criteria. Of the remaining 101 patients, 64 (63%) transferred care to a nearby affiliated tertiary adult facility, 29 (29%) were followed by other healthcare systems, and 8 (8%) were lost to follow-up. Of the patients followed at our affiliated adult center, 18 of the 64 (28%) died. Of those 18 deaths, 4 (22%) occurred within the first 2 years after transfer, and 10 (55%) within 5 years of transfer. Four patients were retransplanted by an adult provider, of whom 2 eventually received a third transplant. African Americans had higher rates of death after transfer than patients of other races (44% mortality vs 16%, representing 67% of all cases of death; P = .032), with nearly 50% mortality at 20 years from time of transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Death is common in pediatric liver transplant recipients after transfer to adult care, with African Americans having disproportionately higher mortality. This period of transition of care is a vulnerable time, and measures must be taken to ensure the safe transfer of young adults with chronic health care needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Katz
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Scott Gillespie
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - James P Stevens
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Transplant services, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lori Hall
- Transplant services, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Vasantha Kolachala
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ryan Ford
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Keri Levin
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Nitika A Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Transplant services, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kehar M, Ebel NH, Ng VL, Baquero JER, Leung DH, Slowik V, Ovchinsky N, Shah AA, Arnon R, Miloh T, Gupta N, Mohammad S, Kogan-Liberman D, Squires JE, Sanchez MC, Hildreth A, Book L, Chu C, Alrabadi L, Azzam R, Chepuri B, Elisofon S, Falik R, Gallagher L, Kader H, Mogul D, Mujawar Q, Namjoshi SS, Valentino PL, Vitola B, Waheed N, Zheng MH, Lobritto S, Martinez M. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Infection in Children With Liver Transplant and Native Liver Disease: An International Observational Registry Study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72:807-814. [PMID: 33605666 PMCID: PMC8183254 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased mortality risk because of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) infection in adults with native liver disease (LD) and liver transplant (LT) is associated with advanced age and comorbid conditions. We aim to report outcomes for children with LD and LT enrolled in the NASPGHAN/SPLIT SARS-CoV2 registry. METHODS In this multicenter observational cohort study, we collected data from 91 patients <21 years (LD 44, LT 47) with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV2 infection between April 21 and September 17, 2020. RESULTS Patients with LD were more likely to require admission (70% vs 43% LT, P = 0.007) and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) management (32% vs 4% LT, P = 0.001). Seven LD patients required mechanical ventilation (MV) and 2 patients died; no patients in the LT cohort died or required MV. Four LD patients presented in pediatric acute liver failure (PALF), 2 with concurrent multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C); all recovered without LT. Two LD patients had MIS-C alone and 1 patient died. Bivariable logistic-regression analysis found that patients with nonalcoholic fatty LD (NAFLD) (odds ratio [OR] 5.6, P = 0.02) and LD (OR 6.1, P = 0.01, vs LT) had higher odds of severe disease (PICU, vasopressor support, MV, renal replacement therapy or death). CONCLUSIONS Although not directly comparable, LT recipients had lower odds of severe SARS-CoV2 infection (vs LD), despite immunosuppression burden. NAFLD patients reported to the registry had higher odds of severe SARS-CoV2 disease. Future controlled studies are needed to evaluate effective treatments and further stratify LD and LT patients with SARS-CoV2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kehar
- Queen's University, Kingston
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Vicky L. Ng
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Amit A. Shah
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Nitika Gupta
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Linda Book
- Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachel Falik
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Lisa Gallagher
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Howard Kader
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nadia Waheed
- Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lemoine C, Brandt K, Carlos Caicedo J, Superina R. Internal split liver transplants reduce the waiting list time for teenagers with a low calculated Model for End-stage Liver Disease score. Pediatr Transplant 2021; 25:e13874. [PMID: 33245634 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Split liver transplantation allows for the simultaneous transplantation of two patients, typically a child and an adult, with a single organ. We report our experience with "internal splits" in which 10 pediatric patients from our institution were transplanted with five organs. We hypothesized that this would reduce the WL time for teenagers with a low calculated MELD score. METHODS A retrospective chart review of those 10 patients was done. Their WL time was compared with local, regional, and national data. P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS The median age of the five primary recipients to whom the liver was first allocated was 2.3 years (0.7-7.4) (median weight 10.4 kg (8.4-17.7)). They received a segment 2-3 graft. Five "secondary" recipients (median age 17.4 years (16.6-18.9); median weight 66.2 kg (53.7-70.0)) were identified on our WL to receive the trisector graft. At transplant, their median calculated MELD score was 11 (8-20). Their mean WL time (241.6 ± 218.9 days) was significantly shorter than local (480.6 ± 833.6 days), regional (370.4 ± 563.4 days), and national patients (245.6 ± 465.4 days) with MELD ≤ 20 (P = .047). There was no significant difference between their WL time and that of patients with a MELD 8 ≤ x≤31 (equivalent to their median exception score, P = .63). Patient and graft survival was 100% for all 10 patients. CONCLUSION In our experience, simultaneous internal split liver transplantation allowed teenagers with a low calculated MELD score to be transplanted faster than patients with a similar score. Promoting the use of internal split liver transplantation could help reduce the pediatric waitlist mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lemoine
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine Brandt
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Caicedo
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Riccardo Superina
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rohringer TJ, Hannick JH, Lorenzo A, Avitzur Y, Temple M, Parra DA. Percutaneous removal of biliary stones post-liver transplant in a pediatric patient: Case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Transplant 2020; 24:e13715. [PMID: 32324334 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This case report describes an 8-year-old girl who underwent a segmental LT for a primary diagnosis of citrullinemia at the age of 12 months. She presented with cholangitis secondary to stenosis of the biliary-enteric anastomosis. MRI revealed dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts associated with multiple stones. An endoscopic approach failed to decompress the bile ducts and remove the stones. A percutaneous approach was then undertaken. After placement of a temporary external biliary drain for 12 days, a 26 French sheath was placed to access the bile ducts. Using a 14Fr flexible cystoscope, 80%-90% of the biliary stones were removed. This was followed by antegrade balloon dilatation of the biliary-enteric anastomosis. Two months later, the procedure was repeated, resulting in complete clearance of the biliary stones. An internal-external biliary drain was maintained in placed for 10 months. The patient has been asymptomatic, with no evidence of stone recurrence for 13 months after drain removal. Percutaneous biliary stone removal is commonly performed in adults with non-transplanted livers, especially in complex cases, and has also been shown to be successful in the pediatric population. However, it is rarely reported in transplanted livers in adults, and to the best of our knowledge, no pediatric cases have been reported. This case illustrates that this technique can be successfully utilized in pediatric LT patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taryn J Rohringer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Image Guided Therapy, Diagnostic Imaging Department, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica H Hannick
- Division of Pediatric Urology, UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Division of Urology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armando Lorenzo
- Division of Urology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yaron Avitzur
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Temple
- Division of Image Guided Therapy, Diagnostic Imaging Department, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dimitri A Parra
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Image Guided Therapy, Diagnostic Imaging Department, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Taylor SA, Venkat V, Arnon R, Gopalareddy VV, Rosenthal P, Erinjeri J, Anand R, Daniel JF; Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation. Improved Outcomes for Liver Transplantation in Patients with Biliary Atresia Since Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease Implementation: Analysis of the Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation Registry. J Pediatr 2020; 219:89-97. [PMID: 32005543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify changes in demographics, outcomes, and risk factors for patient and graft loss in patients with biliary atresia undergoing liver transplantation since Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease implementation (2002). STUDY DESIGN Demographics and outcomes were compared between patients enrolled in the Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation registry before (n = 547) and after (n = 1477) 2002. Kruskal-and χ2 Wallis tests identified significant differences between eras. Risk factors for patient and graft loss after 2002 were determined by Cox regression model analysis of time to event data. RESULTS Significant patient differences after 2002 support increasing disease severity including more status 1 patients and those with a derived Model for End-Stage Liver Disease/Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease score of greater than 30 awaiting transplant. Both patient and graft survival improved after 2002 from 90% to 97% and 81% to 90%, respectively (primary transplant; P < .0001). Significant differences in complications within 30 days included reduced relisting for transplant, rejection, culture-positive infection, repeat operation, hepatic artery thrombosis, portal vein thrombosis, and death/transplant before discharge. Multivariable analysis identified deceased technical variant vs whole graft and retransplantation predictive for patient death, hazard ratios of 4.041 and 8.308, respectively. Deceased technical variant vs whole graft (hazard ratio, 1.963) and donor age 0-5 months vs 1-17 years (hazard ratio, 5.525) were risk factors for graft loss. CONCLUSIONS The overall outcomes of patients receiving liver transplantation for patients with biliary atresia have improved since 2002 despite evidence of increased disease severity at the time of transplant. Risk factors impacting post-transplant morbidity and mortality in patients with biliary atresia are now mainly surgical including donor variables.
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee A, Mendoza J, Brubaker AL, Stoltz DJ, McKenzie R, Bonham CA, Esquivel CO, Gallo AE. Eliminating international normalized ratio threshold for transfusion in pediatric patients with acute liver failure. Clin Transplant 2020; 34:e13819. [PMID: 32037570 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transfusion protocols are not well-studied for pediatric patients with acute liver failure (ALF). This study evaluates the utility of an international normalized ratio (INR)-based transfusion threshold for these patients. METHODS Forty-four ALF pediatric patients from 2009 to 2018 were reviewed and divided into two groups: (a) a threshold group including patients between 2009 and 2015 who were transfused for an INR above 3.0, per institutional policy (n = 30), and (b) a post-threshold group including patients after 2015 through 2018 who were transfused based on clinical judgment (n = 14). Preoperative INRs, preoperative transfusions, intraoperative transfusions, early reoperation, renal function, graft function and deaths were compared. RESULTS Liver failure severity was similar between threshold and post-threshold groups. Threshold patients had a lower average INR prior to transplantation, 2.8 (range 1.8-3.8) vs 4.4 (range 2.1-9.0), respectively (P = .01). Twenty-six threshold patients (87%) received preoperative FFP compared with seven post-threshold patients (50%, P = .0088). Two threshold patients (7%) received preoperative cryoprecipitate compared with five post-threshold patients (36%, P = .014). The incidence of pre-transplant bleeding, operative transfusions, and 1-year patient and graft survival did not differ significantly. CONCLUSION Clinical judgment vs an INR-based threshold for transfusions did not increase perioperative complications in children with ALF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lee
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Julianne Mendoza
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Aleah L Brubaker
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Daniel J Stoltz
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Rebecca McKenzie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Clark A Bonham
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Carlos O Esquivel
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Amy E Gallo
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Indur Wadhwani S, Hsu EK, Shaffer ML, Anand R, Lee Ng V, Bucuvalas JC. Predicting ideal outcome after pediatric liver transplantation: An exploratory study using machine learning analyses to leverage Studies of Pediatric Liver Transplantation Data. Pediatr Transplant 2019; 23:e13554. [PMID: 31328849 PMCID: PMC7980252 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Machine learning analyses allow for the consideration of numerous variables in order to accommodate complex relationships that would not otherwise be apparent in traditional statistical methods to better classify patient risk. The SPLIT registry data were analyzed to determine whether baseline demographic factors and clinical/biochemical factors in the first-year post-transplant could predict ideal outcome at 3 years (IO-3) after LT. Participants who received their first, isolated LT between 2002 and 2006 and had follow-up data 3 years post-LT were included. IO-3 was defined as alive at 3 years, normal ALT (<50) or GGT (<50), normal GFR, no non-liver transplants, no cytopenias, and no PTLD. Heat map analysis and RFA were used to characterize the impact of baseline and 1-year factors on IO-3. 887/1482 SPLIT participants met inclusion criteria; 334 had IO-3. Demographic, biochemical, and clinical variables did not elucidate a visual signal on heat map analysis. RFA identified non-white race (vs white race), increased length of operation, vascular and biliary complications within 30 days, and duct-to-duct biliary anastomosis to be negatively associated with IO-3. UNOS regions 2 and 5 were also identified as important factors. RFA had an accuracy rate of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.68-0.74), PPV = 0.83, and NPV = 0.70. RFA identified participant variables that predicted IO-3. These findings may allow for better risk stratification and personalization of care following pediatric liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelyn K. Hsu
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Vicky Lee Ng
- Hospital for Sick Children, Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - John C. Bucuvalas
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Kravis Children’s Hospital New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kosaka T, Eguchi S, Hidaka M, Adachi T, Yoshino K, Kanetaka K, Takatsuki M, Ito S. IVC angioplasty using an autologous vascular graft for IVC stenosis due to metallic stent in a pediatric liver transplant. Pediatr Transplant 2019; 23:e13475. [PMID: 31124585 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A 12-year-old girl underwent LDLT using a left lobe graft for hepatic dysfunction associated with citrin deficiency. A continuous anastomosis suture technique was performed between the recipient's IVC and the donor's left hepatic vein. At age 14, the patient developed intractable ascites. Venography of the IVC and hepatic vein showed twisted-shape stenosis of the hepatic vein-IVC anastomosis with intravascular pressure gradient, probably due to the enlarged transplanted liver, for which a metallic stent was placed. The ascites disappeared, and the patient was making satisfactory progress eight months after surgery. However, nine months after surgery, the ascites appeared again with edema in the lower extremities. Since the stent that had been inserted was suspected of hampering the outflow of the graft liver and IVC, it was decided to conduct stent removal and IVC angioplasty. After intravascular exploration, the stent was removed. Angioplasty was performed. An autologous vascular graft patch was designed to be wedge-shaped to fit the incised part of the IVC, and it was sutured with 5-0 non-absorbable surgical sutures using a continuous suture technique. No postoperative complications or perioperative graft dysfunction were observed. The ascites decreased markedly, and the edema in the lower extremities disappeared. Thus, we were able to successfully perform IVC angioplasty using an autologous vascular graft patch in a patient who developed IVC stenosis after stenting. This procedure is one of the most effective treatment options, especially for pediatric patients requiring long-term vascular patency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiichiro Kosaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Susumu Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hidaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Adachi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kyouhei Yoshino
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kengo Kanetaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mitsuhisa Takatsuki
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ito
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang Y, Wang J, Jin S, Xiang B, Yang J, Li K, Huang B, Lai W, Yan L, Zhao J. Post-traumatic stress disorder in living donors after pediatric liver transplantation: A cross-sectional investigation study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15565. [PMID: 31096459 PMCID: PMC6531068 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in recipients, but the risk factors associated with PTSD in living donors are unknown. To investigate this progression in pediatric living donors, a cross-sectional investigation was carried out.All participants completed 2 questionnaires: a PTSD self-rating scale (PTSD-SS) and a validated Chinese version of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36). Clinical and demographic data were collected from medical records and self-report questionnaires. Univariate analysis was conducted to identify statistical differences.The prevalence of full PTSD (all symptom clusters) and partial PTSD (2 out of 3 symptom clusters) was 12.1% and 31.1%, respectively. Those with an educational status of elementary school (P = .001), who were donors to their children (P = .008), who were in the first 6 months after transplant (P < .001), or were involved in transplants where the recipients had severe complications (P = .02) were more likely to have higher PTSD-SS scores than other groups. The non-PTSD group had a higher health-related quality-of-life score compared with the full and partial PTSD groups in the domains of physical function, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health. In addition, the occurrence of PTSD was related to a poorer quality of life.The occurrence of PTSD was common in living donors after pediatric liver transplantation. Those with a lower educational status, who were donors to their children, were in the first 6 months after transplant, or were involved in transplants where the recipients had severe complications were most likely to experience PTSD. Post-traumatic stress symptom severity was significantly associated with a poorer quality of life after transplant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sheikh A, Chau KY, Evans HM. Histological findings in protocol biopsies following pediatric liver transplant: Low incidence of abnormalities at 5 years. Pediatr Transplant 2018; 22:e13212. [PMID: 29749699 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Histological abnormalities, including chronic hepatitis, fibrosis, and steatosis, are increasingly reported in liver biopsies of children after LT. These changes may be progressive and represent a form of rejection. Liver biochemistry is often initially normal. Our LT program began in 2002, utilizing tacrolimus and low-dose steroids for the first year post-LT. Patients undergo a protocol biopsy at 1 year post-LT prior to stopping steroids, then at 5 years and every 5 years thereafter. Target tacrolimus levels are 5-8 μg/L and 3-5 μg/L after 3 and 12 months, respectively. Between 2002 and 2009, 51 LT were performed; 50 (98%) and 49 (96%) patients survived for 1 and 5 years, respectively. A total of 43 patients (median age at LT 2.3 years) underwent a protocol biopsy at 1 year (16 male; median time post-LT 12.5 months), and 44 (20 male; median time post-LT 5.1 years) at 5 years. By 5 years, 3 had transferred to adult services; 1 was re-transplanted for graft failure and 1 moved overseas. Biopsies were reviewed by 2 pathologists. Most patients (31/44) were on tacrolimus monotherapy at 5 years. At 1 and 5 years, 29 of 43 (67.5%) and 31 of 44 (71%) biopsies were normal, respectively. Two of 44 had chronic allograft hepatitis at 5 years. Two of 43 and 1 of 44 had isolated fibrosis, 3 of 43 and 3 of 44 steatosis, and 3 of 43 and 4 of 44 acute rejection at 1 and 5 years, respectively. Other findings included predominantly biliary changes (6/43 & 3/44 at 1 and 5 years, respectively). Tacrolimus levels at 5 years were slightly higher than anticipated (median trough level 5.8 μg/L). With an immunosuppressive regimen of tacrolimus and low-dose steroids for 1 year followed by tacrolimus monotherapy thereafter, the majority of PLB were normal and no progressive changes were observed at 5 years. Compared to other LT programs, we have lower rates of chronic allograft hepatitis, steatosis, and fibrosis at 5 years. However, the tacrolimus levels at 5 years were higher than planned and this may have played a role. Further evaluation is also required to determine the potential long-term adverse effects of corticosteroid use on linear growth and bone mineral density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Sheikh
- Paediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Starship Child Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kai Y Chau
- Anatomical Pathology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helen M Evans
- Paediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Starship Child Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mouat S, Bishop J, Glamuzina E, Chin S, Best EJ, Evans HM. Fatal hyperammonemia associated with disseminated Serratia marcescens infection in a pediatric liver transplant recipient. Pediatr Transplant 2018; 22:e13180. [PMID: 29624817 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperammonemia is a rare and important complication post-liver transplantation. We review a case of a 5-month-old boy with biliary atresia who received a split liver transplant following a variceal bleed. The transplant was complicated by recurrent portal vein thrombosis. Colonized with Serratia marcescens pretransplant, he developed disseminated infection associated with very high levels of ammonia that led to his death. It is important to be aware of serum ammonia levels in patients with portal vein thrombosis, particularly in the setting of gastrointestinal bleeding and sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Mouat
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Bishop
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emma Glamuzina
- Starship Children's Health, Adult and Paediatric National Metabolic Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon Chin
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emma J Best
- Starship Children's Health, Infectious Diseases, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Paediatrics; Child and Youth Health Auckland, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helen M Evans
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gurnaney HG, Cook-Sather SD, Shaked A, Olthoff KM, Rand EB, Lingappan AM, Rehman MA. Extubation in the operating room after pediatric liver transplant: A retrospective cohort study. Paediatr Anaesth 2018; 28:174-178. [PMID: 29316006 DOI: 10.1111/pan.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early extubation immediately following liver transplantation is increasingly common in adult practice. Some pediatric institutions have begun to adopt this strategy. Careful patient selection is essential in minimizing risk. METHODS This retrospective cohort study evaluated infants and children who underwent liver transplantation between July 2011 and December 2014. Our primary objective was to determine early extubation rate. Secondary objectives were to identify clinical factors associated with successful early extubation compared with delayed extubation and to examine significant postoperative complications, intensive care unit length of stay, and hospital length of stay. RESULTS The early extubation rate was 57.8% (37/64, confidence interval [CI] 44.8%-70.1%) over this 3.5-year period, increasing from 42% in 2012 to 58% by the end of 2014. The patients in the early extubation group were more likely to be older than the delayed extubation group (mean [SD], 7 [5.3] years vs 3.5 [5.5] years, difference between the mean [95% CI], 3.5 [0.8, 6.2] years); were to have come from home on the day of surgery (78.4% vs 25.9%); and were less likely to be listed as United Network for Organ Sharing status 1A (2.7% vs 25.9%). The early extubation group received less packed red blood cell volume (mean [SD], 9 [13.2] mL/kg vs 40.6 [48.5] mL/kg, difference between the mean [95% CI], 31.6 [95% CI 14.9, 48.3] mL/kg) and fresh-frozen plasma (mean 2.7 [SD 9.5] vs 13.3 [SD15.1], difference between the mean [95% CI], 10.5 [4.4,16.7] mL/kg). None of the patients in the early extubation group required reintubation in the first 24 hours following transplant and none experienced hepatic artery thrombosis. The early extubation group had a shorter average postoperative PICU stay (mean 3.8 [SD 2.1] days vs 17.6 [SD 31.3] days, difference between the mean [95% CI], 9.5 [4.3, 14.7] days) and a shorter postoperative hospital stay overall (mean 10.7 [SD 4.3] days vs 29.7 [SD 43.1] days, difference between the mean [95% CI], 19.1 [8.6, 29.6] days). CONCLUSION More than half of our pediatric liver transplant patients were successfully extubated in the operating room immediately following surgery. We believe early extubation to be safe when employed in selected subpopulations of pediatric patients undergoing liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harshad G Gurnaney
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott D Cook-Sather
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abraham Shaked
- The Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kim M Olthoff
- The Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Rand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arul M Lingappan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohamed A Rehman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) is defined by the combination of portal hypertension and precapillary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Very little is known about this process in pediatric patients but prognosis is generally poor. We review our institutional experience and report on five patients with pediatric PoPH. The median age of PoPH diagnosis was six years and PAH was 14 years. PAH diagnosis was made by echocardiogram in all patients, four of whom also had cardiac catheterization. The median mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was 48.5 mmHg (interquartile range [IQR] = 46–60) with a median pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRi) of 9 WU*M2 (IQR = 8–22). All were acute pulmonary vasodilator testing non-responsive. All patients received targeted therapies. Three of five patients (60%) died despite an evidence-based approach to care. Of those who died, timing from the PoPH diagnosis to death ranged from three days to three years. Based upon our limited experience, PoPH is a disorder with significant mortality in childhood and challenges in treatment. Future research, focused on screening and early targeted treatment strategies, may alter the current dismal prognosis for these children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tingo
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center and Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, St Christopher’s Hospital for Children and Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erika B. Rosenzweig
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center and Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven Lobritto
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Columbia University Medical Center and Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Usha S. Krishnan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center and Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Usha Krishnan, Department of Pediatrics (Pediatric Cardiology), Columbia University Medical Center, Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of New York Presbyterian Hospital, CHN 2N # 255, 3959 Broadway, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Narkewicz MR, Horslen S, Belle SH, Rudnick DA, Ng VL, Rosenthal P, Romero R, Loomes KM, Zhang S, Hardison RM, Squires RH; Pediatric Acute Liver Failure Study Group. Prevalence and Significance of Autoantibodies in Children With Acute Liver Failure. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64:210-7. [PMID: 27496798 DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study is to estimate autoantibody (auto-AB) frequency, clinical characteristics, and 21-day outcome of participants in the Pediatric Acute Liver Failure Study Group (PALFSG) by antinuclear antibody, smooth muscle antibody, and liver-kidney microsomal (LKM) antibody status. METHODS Auto-ABs were determined at local and/or central laboratories. Subjects were assigned to autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), indeterminate, and other diagnoses groups. RESULTS Between 1999 and 2010, 986 subjects were enrolled in the PALFSG. At least 1 auto-AB result was available for 722 (73.2%). At least 1 auto-AB was positive for 202 (28.0%). Diagnoses for auto-AB+ subjects were AIH (63), indeterminate (75), and other (64). Auto-ABs were more common in Wilson disease (12/32, 37.5%) compared with other known diagnoses (52/253, 20.6%, P = 0.03). LKM+ subjects were younger (median 2.4 vs 9.1 years, P < 0.001) and more likely to undergo liver transplantation (53.3% vs 31.4% P = 0.02) than other auto-AB+/LKM- subjects. Steroid treatment of subjects who were auto-AB+ was not significantly associated with survival and the subgroup with known diagnoses other than AIH had a higher risk of death. CONCLUSIONS Auto-ABs are common in children with acute liver failure, occurring in 28%. Auto-AB+ subjects have similar outcomes to auto-AB negative subjects. LKM+ children are younger and more likely to undergo liver transplantation compared with other auto-AB+ subjects. Although auto-AB may indicate a treatable condition, positivity does not eliminate the need for a complete diagnostic evaluation because auto-ABs are present in other conditions. The significance of auto-AB in pediatric acute liver failure remains uncertain, but LKM+ appears to identify a unique population of children who merit further study.
Collapse
|
41
|
Desai CS, Sharma S, Gruessner A, Fishbein T, Kaufman S, Khan KM. Effect of small donor weight and donor-recipient weight ratio on the outcome of liver transplantation in children. Pediatr Transplant 2015; 19:366-70. [PMID: 25819141 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A small donor weight is a risk factor for HAT with potential for graft loss. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated outcomes of pediatric liver transplants utilizing donors <20 kg using the UNOS database from 01/2003 to 01/2012 (n = 1311). All isolated liver transplants with whole organ grafts were included. Recipients were divided into four groups based on donor weight: group 1, donor weight <5 kg (n = 34 [2%]); group 2, 5-10 kg (431 [33%]); group 3, 10-15 kg (560 [43%]); and group 4, 15-20 kg (286 [22%]). Actuarial patient survival for the first year post-transplant was significantly lower in groups 1 and 2 compared to groups 3 and 4 (p = 0.002), similarly the one-yr graft function (p < 0.0001). The difference was due to graft loss within the first month for groups 1 and 2. HAT was significantly higher in groups 1 and 2 compared to others (p = 0.0006). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated donor weight as the most predictive factor with analysis of the ROC curve showing a cutoff point at 7.8 kg. The donor-recipient weight ratio did, in none of the models, gain statistical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chirag S Desai
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Parashette KR, Zeytinoglu M, Kernek K, Molleston JP, Subbarao G. Clinical, endoscopic, and histologic features of eosinophilic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract in pediatric liver transplant patients. Pediatr Transplant 2013; 17:737-43. [PMID: 24025083 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppression during the post-transplantation period has led to dramatic outcome improvements in PLTR patients. There have been reports describing the development of food allergies and an increased predilection for development of EGI in PLTR. We aimed to identify the clinical, endoscopic and histologic features of EGI in PLTR patients. In this retrospective case series we analyzed medical record of all PLTR who underwent EGD and/or colonoscopy at our institution from 2000 to 2006. From 2000 to 2006, 32 PLTR patients underwent endoscopic evaluation. Seventeen (53%) of 32 patients were diagnosed with EGI. Endoscopic abnormalities were seen in the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine in 11 (65%), 11 (65%), and four (24%) patients, respectively. Eosinophilic inflammation was seen in the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine in 13 (76%), 10 (59%), and five (29%) patients, respectively. Nine of 17 patients underwent colonoscopy and endoscopic abnormalities were seen in four (44%) patients. Five patients (56%) had eosinophilic inflammation. In conclusion, we have characterized the clinical, endoscopic, and histologic features of EGI. Histologic and endoscopic examination reveals that, when present, EGI is often found at multiple segments along the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Ray Parashette
- Indiana University School of Medicine, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Adult liver transplant (LT) recipients commonly develop advanced kidney disease. However, burden of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) after pediatric LT has not been well-described. We performed a retrospective cohort study of pediatric LTs in the United States from 1990 to 2010. Multivariable Cox regression models were fit to determine risk factors for ESKD and death. Eight thousand nine hundred seventy six children received LTs. During median follow-up of 7.8 years, 2005 (22%) subjects died (mortality rate 26.1 cases/1000 person-years); 167 (2%) developed ESKD (incidence rate 2.2 cases/1000 person-years). Risk factors for ESKD included older age at LT (highest risk age >15 vs. < 5 years, HR = 4.94, p < 0.001), hepatitis C (HR 2.79, p = 0.004), liver re-transplant (HR 2.67, p < 0.001), eGFR pre-LT < 60 versus ≥ 60 (HR 2.37, p < 0.001), hepatitis B (HR 2.25, p = 0.027), black race (HR 1.46, p = 0.046), and male sex (HR 1.44, p = 0.022). LT recipients with ESKD had increased risk of mortality (HR 2.37, p < 0.001). Among pediatric LT recipients, rate of ESKD was lower than among adults and far exceeded by rate of death, however follow-up time in this study may underestimate lifetime burden of ESKD. Although uncommon, ESKD was highly associated with mortality. Pediatric LT recipients should be routinely monitored for kidney disease, particularly those at highest risk of ESKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- RL Ruebner
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - PP Reese
- University of Pennsylvania, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States,University of Pennsylvania, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - MR Denburg
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States,University of Pennsylvania, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - EB Rand
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - PL Abt
- University of Pennsylvania, Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - SL Furth
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States,University of Pennsylvania, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| |
Collapse
|