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Rao ZZ, Tang ZW, Wen J. Advances in drug resistance of triple negative breast cancer caused by pregnane X receptor. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:335-342. [DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i9.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] [Imported: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), refers breast cancer negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, characterized by high drug resistance, high metastasis and high recurrence, treatment of which is a difficult problem in the clinical treatment of breast cancer. In order to better treat TNBC clinically, it is a very urgent task to explore the mechanism of TNBC resistance in basic breast cancer research. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor whose main biological function is to participate in the metabolism, transport and clearance of allobiological agents in PXR. PXR plays an important role in drug metabolism and clearance, and PXR is highly expressed in tumor tissues of TNBC patients, which is related to the prognosis of breast cancer patients. This reviews synthesized the important role of PXR in the process of high drug resistance to TNBC chemotherapeutic drugs and related research progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Zhou Rao
- Department of Physiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha 410003, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhong-Wen Tang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Ivanov N, Krastev B, Miteva DG, Batselova H, Alexandrova R, Velikova T. Effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with oncological diseases: State-of-the-art. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:343-356. [DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i9.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] [Imported: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was declared to be no longer “a public health emergency of international concern” with its wide range of clinical manifestations and late complications, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection proved to be a serious threat, especially to the elderly and patients with comorbidities. Patients with oncologic diseases are vulnerable to severe infection and death. Indeed, patients with oncohematological diseases have a higher risk of severe COVID-19 and impaired post-vaccination immunity. Unfortunately, cancer patients are usually excluded from vaccine trials and investigations of post-vaccinal immune responses and the effectiveness of the vaccines. We aimed to elucidate to what extent patients with cancer are at increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 and what is their overall case fatality rate. We also present the current concept and evidence on the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines, including boosters, in oncology patients. In conclusion, despite the considerably higher mortality in the cancer patient group than the general population, countries with high vaccination rates have demonstrated trends toward improved survival of cancer patients early and late in the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedelcho Ivanov
- Department of Clinical Immunology with Stem Cell Bank, University Hospital Alexanrovska, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Boris Krastev
- Medical Center Nadezhda, Medical Center Nadezhda, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | | | - Hristiana Batselova
- Department of Epidemiology and Disaster Medicine, Medical University, Plovdiv, University Hospital St. George, Plovdiv 6000, Bulgaria
| | - Radostina Alexandrova
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelina Velikova
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
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Wang J, Luo LZ, Liang DM, Guo C, Huang ZH, Sun GY, Wen J. Progress in the research of cuproptosis and possible targets for cancer therapy. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:324-334. [DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i9.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] [Imported: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing novel cancer therapies that exploit programmed cell death pathways holds promise for advancing cancer treatment. According to a recently published study in Science, copper death (cuproptosis) occurs when intracellular copper is overloaded, triggering aggregation of lipidated mitochondrial proteins and Fe–S cluster proteins. This intriguing phenomenon is triggered by the instability of copper ions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind cuproptosis and its associated genes, as identified by Tsvetkov, including ferredoxin 1, lipoic acid synthase, lipoyltransferase 1, dihydrolipid amide dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoamide transacetylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase α1, pyruvate dehydrogenase β, metallothionein, glutaminase, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, may open new avenues for cancer therapy. Here, we provide a new understanding of the role of copper death and related genes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- Children Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lan-Zhu Luo
- Children Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dao-Miao Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Huang
- Children Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guo-Ying Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Kanemo P, Musa KM, Deenadayalan V, Litvin R, Odeyemi OE, Shaka A, Baskaran N, Shaka H. Readmission rates and outcomes in adults with and without COVID-19 following inpatient chemotherapy admission: A nationwide analysis. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:311-323. [PMID: 37700808 PMCID: PMC10494557 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i8.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] [Imported: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has received considerable attention in the scientific community due to its impact on healthcare systems and various diseases. However, little focus has been given to its effect on cancer treatment. AIM To determine the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer patients' care. METHODS A retrospective review of a Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD) was conducted to analyze hospitalization patterns of patients receiving inpatient chemotherapy (IPCT) during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Two cohorts were defined based on readmission within 30 d and 90 d. Demographic information, readmission rates, hospital-specific variables, length of hospital stay (LOS), and treatment costs were analyzed. Comorbidities were assessed using the Elixhauser comorbidity index. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of readmission. Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata® Version 16 software. As the NRD data is anonymous and cannot be used to identify patients, institutional review board approval was not required for this study. RESULTS A total of 87755 hospitalizations for IPCT were identified during the pandemic. Among the 30-day index admission cohort, 55005 patients were included, with 32903 readmissions observed, resulting in a readmission rate of 59.8%. For the 90-day index admission cohort, 33142 patients were included, with 24503 readmissions observed, leading to a readmission rate of 73.93%. The most common causes of readmission included encounters with chemotherapy (66.7%), neutropenia (4.36%), and sepsis (3.3%). Comorbidities were significantly higher among readmitted hospitalizations compared to index hospitalizations in both readmission cohorts. The total cost of readmission for both cohorts amounted to 1193000000.00 dollars. Major predictors of 30-day readmission included peripheral vascular disorders [Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.09, P < 0.05], paralysis (HR = 1.26, P < 0.001), and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (HR = 1.14, P = 0.03). Predictors of 90-day readmission included lymphoma (HR = 1.14, P < 0.01), paralysis (HR = 1.21, P = 0.02), and peripheral vascular disorders (HR = 1.15, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the management of patients undergoing IPCT. These findings highlight the urgent need for a more strategic approach to the care of patients receiving IPCT during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kanemo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rapides Regional Medical Center, Alexandria, LA 71301, United States
| | - Keffi Mubarak Musa
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria 88445, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Vaishali Deenadayalan
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL 60623, United States
| | - Rafaella Litvin
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL 60623, United States
| | - Olubunmi Emmanuel Odeyemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso 210101, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Abdultawab Shaka
- Department of Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, St. Kitts, Frankfort, IL 60423, United States
| | - Naveen Baskaran
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Hafeez Shaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL 60623, United States
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Fang ZX, Hou YY, Wu Z, Wu BX, Deng Y, Wu HT, Liu J. Immune responses of six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 4 functions as a novel biomarker in gastric cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:297-310. [PMID: 37700807 PMCID: PMC10494559 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i8.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] [Imported: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune cells play an important role in regulating the behavior of tumor cells. According to emerging evidence, six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 4 (STEAP4) performs a crucial part in tumor microenvironmental immune response and tumorigenesis, and serves as the potential target for cellular and antibody immunotherapy. However, the immunotherapeutic role of STEAP4 in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. AIM To investigate the expression of STEAP4 in GC and its relationship with immune infiltrating cells, and explore the potential value of STEAP4 as an immune prognostic indicator in GC. METHODS The expression level of STEAP4 was characterized by immunohistochemistry in tumors and adjacent non-cancerous samples in 96 GC patients. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource was used to study the correlation between STEAP4 and tumor immune infiltration level and immune infiltration gene signature. R package was used to analyze the relationship between STEAP4 expression and immune and stromal scores in GC (GSE62254) by the ESTIMATE algorithm, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis were applied to analyze the effect of STEAP4 on clinical prognosis. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that STEAP4 expression was higher in GC tissues than in adjacent tissues, and STEAP4 expression was positively correlated with the clinical stage of GC. In GC, the expression of STEAP4 was positively correlated with the infiltration levels of B cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. The expression level of STEAP4 was strongly correlated with most of the immune markers. In addition, STEAP4 expression was inversely correlated with tumor purity, but correlated with stromal score (r = 0.43, P < 0.001), immune score (r = 0.29, P < 0.001) and estimate score (r = 0.39, P < 0.001). Moreover, stromal, immune, and estimate scores were higher in the STEAP4 high expression group, whereas tumor purity was higher in the STEAP4 Low expression group. The relationship between STEAP4 expression and prognosis of patients with GC was further investigated, and the results showed that high STEAP4 expression was associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. In addition, Kaplan-Meier Plotter showed that high expression of STEAP4 was significantly correlated with poor survival of patients with GC. CONCLUSION The current findings suggest an oncogenic role for STEAP4 in GC, with significantly high levels being associated with poor prognosis. Investigation of the GC tumor microenvironment suggests the potential function of STEAP4 is connected with the infiltration of diverse immune cells, which may contribute to the regulation of the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, STEAP4 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for GC to improve the immune infiltration, as well as serve as a prognostic biomarker for judging the prognosis and immune infiltration status of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xuan Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Yu Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing-Xuan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
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Elhariri A, Alhaj A, Ahn D, Sonbol MB, Bekaii-Saab T, Wu C, Rutenberg MS, Stauffer J, Starr J, Majeed U, Jones J, Borad M, Babiker H. Targeting KRAS in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Progress in demystifying the holy grail. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:285-296. [PMID: 37700806 PMCID: PMC10494558 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i8.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] [Imported: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the most challenging diseases, with a very poor 5-year overall survival of around 11.5%. Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) mutation is seen in 90%-95% of PC patients and plays an important role in cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and survival, making it an essential mutation for targeted therapy. Despite extensive efforts in studying this oncogene, there has been little success in finding a drug to target this pathway, labelling it for decades as "undruggable". In this article we summarize some of the efforts made to target the KRAS pathway in PC, discuss the challenges, and shed light on promising clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elhariri
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Ahmed Alhaj
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Daniel Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ 85054, United States
| | - Mohamad Bassam Sonbol
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ 85054, United States
| | - Tanios Bekaii-Saab
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ 85054, United States
| | - Christina Wu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ 85054, United States
| | - Michael Scott Rutenberg
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - John Stauffer
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Jason Starr
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Umair Majeed
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Jeremy Jones
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Mitesh Borad
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ 85054, United States
| | - Hani Babiker
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
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Oey O, Sunjaya AF, Khan Y, Redfern A. Stromal inflammation, fibrosis and cancer: An old intuition with promising potential. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:230-246. [PMID: 37583950 PMCID: PMC10424089 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i7.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that the biology of cancer is influenced by not only malignant cells but also other components of the tumour microenvironment. Chronic inflammation and fibrosis have long been postulated to be involved in carcinogenesis. Chronic inflammation can promote tumorigenesis via growth factor/cytokine-mediated cellular proliferation, apoptotic resistance, immunosuppression; and free-radical-induced oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage. Fibrosis could cause a perturbation in the dynamics of the tumour microenvironment, potentially damaging the genome surveillance machinery of normal epithelial cells. In this review, we will provide an in-depth discussion of various diseases characterised by inflammation and fibrosis that have been associated with an increased risk of malignancy. In particular, we will present a comprehensive overview of the impact of alterations in stromal composition on tumorigenesis, induced as a consequence of inflammation and/or fibrosis. Strategies including the application of various therapeutic agents with stromal manipulation potential and targeted cancer screening for certain inflammatory diseases which can reduce the risk of cancer will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Oey
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Crawley NA, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gardner Hospital, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Angela Felicia Sunjaya
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Yasir Khan
- Department of Medical Oncology, St John of God Midland Public and Private Hospital, Midland 6056, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew Redfern
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch 6150, WA, Australia
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Panichella JC, Araya S, Nannapaneni S, Robinson SG, You S, Gubara SM, Gebreyesus MT, Webster T, Patel SA, Hamidian Jahromi A. Cancer screening and management in the transgender population: Review of literature and special considerations for gender affirmation surgery. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:265-284. [PMID: 37583948 PMCID: PMC10424092 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i7.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature focused on cancer screening and management is lacking in the transgender population. AIM To action to increase contributions to the scientific literature that drives the creation of cancer screening and management protocols for transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) patients. METHODS We performed a systematic search of PubMed on January 5th, 2022, with the following terms: "TGNC", OR "transgender", OR "gender non-conforming", OR "gender nonbinary" AND "cancer screening", AND "breast cancer", AND "cervical cancer", AND "uterine cancer", AND "ovarian cancer", AND "prostate cancer", AND "testicular cancer", AND "surveillance", AND "follow-up", AND "management". 70 unique publications were used. The findings are discussed under "Screening" and "Management" categories. RESULTS Screening: Current cancer screening recommendations default to cis-gender protocols. However, long-term gender-affirming hormone therapy and loss to follow-up from the gender-specific specialties contribute to a higher risk for cancer development and possible delayed detection. The only known screening guidelines made specifically for this population are from the American College of Radiology for breast cancer. Management: Prior to undergoing Gender Affirmation Surgery (GAS), discussion should address cancer screening and management in the organs remaining in situ. Cancer treatment in this population requires consideration for chemotherapy, radiation, surgery and/or reconstruction. Modification of hormone therapy is decided on a case-by-case basis. The use of prophylactic vs aesthetic techniques in surgery is still debated. CONCLUSION When assessing transgender individuals for GAS, a discussion on the future oncologic risk of the sex-specific organs remaining in situ is essential. Cancer management in this population requires a multidisciplinary approach while the care should be highly individualized with considerations to social, medical, surgical and gender affirming surgery related specifications. Special considerations have to be made during planning for GAS as surgery will alter the anatomy and may render the organ difficult to sample for screening purposes. A discussion with the patient regarding the oncologic risk of remaining organs is imperative prior to GAS. Other special considerations to screening such as the conscious or unconscious will to unassociated with their remaining organs is also a key point to address. We currently lack high quality studies pertinent to the cancer topic in the gender affirmation literature. Further research is required to ensure more comprehensive and individualized care for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet C Panichella
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Sthefano Araya
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States
| | - Siddhartha Nannapaneni
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States
| | - Samuel G Robinson
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Susan You
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Sarah M Gubara
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Maria T Gebreyesus
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Theresa Webster
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 18045, United States
| | - Sameer A Patel
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States
| | - Alireza Hamidian Jahromi
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Temple University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
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Pavlidis ET, Pavlidis TE. Role of prophylactic central neck lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma in the era of de-escalation. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:247-258. [PMID: 37583949 PMCID: PMC10424091 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i7.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. While there has been no appreciable increase in the observed mortality of well-differentiated thyroid cancer, there has been an overall rise in its incidence worldwide over the last few decades. Patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and clinical evidence of central (cN1) and/or lateral lymph node metastases require total thyroidectomy plus central and/or lateral neck dissection as the initial surgical treatment. Nodal status in PTC patients plays a crucial role in the prognostic evaluation of the recurrence risk. The 2015 guidelines of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) have more accurately determined the indications for therapeutic central and lateral lymph node dissection. However, prophylactic central neck lymph node dissection (pCND) in negative lymph node (cN0) PTC patients is controversial, as the 2009 ATA guidelines recommended that CND "should be considered" routinely in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for PTC. Although the current guidelines show clear indications for therapeutic CND, the role of pCND in cN0 patients with PTC is still debated. In small solitary papillary carcinoma (T1, T2), pCND is not recommended unless there are high-risk prediction factors for recurrence and diffuse nodal spread (extrathyroid extension, mutation in the BRAF gene). pCND can be considered in cN0 disease with advanced primary tumors (T3 or T4) or clinical lateral neck disease (cN1b) or for staging and treatment planning purposes. The role of the preoperative evaluation is fund-amental to minimizing the possible detrimental effect of overtreatment of the types of patients who are associated with low disease-related morbidity and mortality. On the other hand, it determines the choice of appropriate treatment and determines if close monitoring of patients at a higher risk is needed. Thus, pCND is currently recommended for T3 and T4 tumors but not for T1 and T2 tumors without high-risk prediction factors of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios T Pavlidis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Theodoros E Pavlidis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
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McMahon KR, Gemma N, Clapp M, Sanchez-Montejo P, Dibello J, Laipply E. Relationship between anal cancer recurrence and cigarette smoking. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:259-264. [PMID: 37583947 PMCID: PMC10424090 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i7.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of anal cancer has been increasing in the United States. Smoking is a well-established risk factor; however, the impact of smoking on disease re-currence and outcome has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to assess the association between anal cancer recurrence and cigarette smoking. AIM To investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking status and anal cancer treatment outcome. METHODS The cancer registry from a single, community hospital was screened for patients with anal cancer between 2010 and 2021. The following characteristics were gathered from the database: Age; sex; cigarette smoking history; American Joint Committee on Cancer Clinical Stage Group; response to therapy; recurrence; time to recurrence; mortality; time to death; and length of follow-up. Patients were divided into the following groups: Current smokers; former smokers; and never smokers. SPSSv25.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 95 patients from the database met the screening criteria. There were 37 never smokers, 22 former smokers, and 36 current smokers. There was no difference between groups in regards to race or sex. There was no difference in the American Joint Committee on Cancer Clinical Stage Group between groups. The former smokers were significantly older when compared to never smokers and current smokers (66.5 ± 13.17 vs 57.4 ± 7.82 vs 63.7 ± 13.80, P = 0.011). Former smokers and current smokers had a higher recurrence rate compared to never smokers (30.8% and 20.8% compared to zero, P = 0.009). There was not a significant difference in recurrence between former smokers and current smokers. There was no difference in the mortality, non-response rate, or time to death between the groups. CONCLUSION Our data contributes evidence that cigarette smoking status is associated with increased recurrence for patients with anal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R McMahon
- Department of General Surgery, Summa Health System, Akron, OH 44304, United States
| | - Nicholas Gemma
- Department of General Surgery, Summa Health System, Akron, OH 44304, United States
| | - McKenzie Clapp
- Department of General Surgery, Summa Health System, Akron, OH 44304, United States
| | | | - Joseph Dibello
- Department of General Surgery, Summa Health System, Akron, OH 44304, United States
| | - Erica Laipply
- Department of General Surgery, Summa Health System, Akron, OH 44304, United States
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11
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Brandão ABDM, Rodriguez S, Fleck Jr ADM, Marroni CA, Wagner MB, Hörbe A, Fernandes MV, Cerski CTS, Coral GP. Correction: Propensity-matched analysis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing a liver transplant. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:227-229. [PMID: 37398544 PMCID: PMC10311476 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i6.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Rereading the article “Propensity-matched analysis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing a liver transplant” (DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i8.688), published on August 24, we observe, with concern, that figures 3 and 4 are wrong. The authors have attached the correct figures for correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajacio Bandeira de Mello Brandão
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050170, RS, Brazil
- Liver Transplantation Group, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90020090, RS, Brazil
| | - Santiago Rodriguez
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050170, RS, Brazil
- Department of Hepatology, Hospital Vozandes Quito-HVQ, Quito 170521, Ecuador
| | - Alfeu de Medeiros Fleck Jr
- Liver Transplantation Group, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90020090, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudio Augusto Marroni
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050170, RS, Brazil
- Liver Transplantation Group, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90020090, RS, Brazil
| | - Mário B Wagner
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035002, RS, Brazil
| | - Alex Hörbe
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90020090, RS, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Matheus V Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050170, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos TS Cerski
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035002, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Perdomo Coral
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050170, RS, Brazil
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12
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Fiorentini G, Sarti D, Mambrini A, Hammarberg Ferri I, Bonucci M, Sciacca PG, Ballerini M, Bonanno S, Milandri C, Nani R, Guadagni S, Dentico P, Fiorentini C. Hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy vs chemotherapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: A multicenter retrospective observational comparative study. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:215-226. [PMID: 37398545 PMCID: PMC10311475 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i6.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies report the useful therapeutic results of regional hyperthermia in association with chemotherapy (CHT) and radiotherapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) is a new hyperthermia technique that induces immunogenic death or apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells in laboratory experiments and increases tumor response rate and survival in pancreatic cancer patients, offering beneficial therapeutic effects against this severe type of cancer.
AIM To assess survival, tumor response and toxicity of mEHT alone or combined with CHT compared with CHT for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer.
METHODS This was a retrospective data collection on patients affected by locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer (stage III and IV) performed in 9 Italian centers, members of International Clinical Hyperthermia Society-Italian Network. This study included 217 patients, 128 (59%) of them were treated with CHT (no-mEHT) and 89 (41%) patients received mEHT alone or in association with CHT. mEHT treatments were performed applying a power of 60-150 watts for 40-90 min, simultaneously or within 72 h of administration of CHT.
RESULTS Median patients’ age was 67 years (range 31-92 years). mEHT group had a median overall survival greater than non-mEHT group (20 mo, range 1.6-24, vs 9 mo, range 0.4-56.25, P < 0.001). mEHT group showed a higher number of partial responses (45% vs 24%, P = 0.0018) and a lower number of progressions (4% vs 31%, P < 0.001) than the no-mEHT group, at the three months follow-up. Adverse events were observed as mild skin burns in 2.6% of mEHT sessions.
CONCLUSION mEHT seems safe and has beneficial effects on survival and tumor response of stage III-IV pancreatic tumor treatment. Further randomized studies are warranted to confirm or not these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giammaria Fiorentini
- Integrative Oncology, Integrative Oncology Outpatient Clinic, Bologna 40121, Italy
| | - Donatella Sarti
- Department of Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Urbino 60129, Italy
| | - Andrea Mambrini
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Toscana Nord Ovest, Massa Carrara Hospital, Massa 54100, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Bonucci
- Integrative Oncology, Association Research Center for Integrative Oncology Treatments, Roma 00166, Italy
| | | | - Marco Ballerini
- Hyperthermia Unit, Bellessere Medical Center, Terni 05100, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Milandri
- Medical Oncology, San Donato Hospital, Arezzo 52100, Italy
| | - Roberto Nani
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo 24121, Italy
| | - Stefano Guadagni
- Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of General Surgery, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Patrizia Dentico
- Hyperthermia Service, Medical Oncology Unit, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli 50053, Italy
| | - Caterina Fiorentini
- Prevention and Sports Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80331, Germany
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13
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Abunada A, Sirhan Z, Thyagarajan A, Sahu RP. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive breast cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:198-202. [PMID: 37275938 PMCID: PMC10236985 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i5.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The body of evidence investigating human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) directed therapy in patients with breast cancer (BC) has been growing within the last decade. Recently, the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been of particular interest in the treatment of human malignancies. This literature commentary is intended to highlight the most recent findings associated with the widely-studied TKI agents and their clinical significance in improving the outcomes of HER2 positive BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Abunada
- Department of Pharmacy, Sidra Medicine, Doha 0000, Qatar
| | - Zaid Sirhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States
| | - Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States
| | - Ravi P Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States
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14
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AlDreini S, Fatfat Z, Abou Ibrahim N, Fatfat M, Gali-Muhtasib H, Khalife H. Thymoquinone enhances the antioxidant and anticancer activity of Lebanese propolis. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:203-214. [PMID: 37275937 PMCID: PMC10236984 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i5.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by multiple cellular processes and are maintained at optimal levels in normal cells by endogenous antioxidants. In recent years, the search for potential exogenous antioxidants from dietary sources has gained considerable attention to eliminate excess ROS that is associated with oxidative stress related diseases including cancer. Propolis, a resinous honeybee product, has been shown to have protective effects against oxidative stress and anticancer effects against several types of neoplasms.
AIM To investigate the antioxidant and anticancer potential of Lebanese propolis when applied alone or in combination with the promising anticancer compound Thymoquinone (TQ) the main constituent of Nigella sativa essential oil.
METHODS Crude extracts of Lebanese propolis collected from two locations, Rashaya and Akkar-Danniyeh, were prepared in methanol and the total phenolic content was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activity was assessed by the ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and to inhibit H2O2-induced oxidative hemolysis of human erythrocytes. The anticancer activity was evaluated by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] MTT assay against HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells.
RESULTS The total phenolic content of propolis extract from Rashaya and Akkar-Danniyeh were 56.81 µg and 83.503 µg of gallic acid equivalent /mg of propolis, respectively. Both natural agents exhibited strong antioxidant activities as evidenced by their ability to scavenge DPPH free radical and to protect erythrocytes against H2O2-induced hemolysis. They also dose-dependently decreased the viability of both cancer cell lines. The IC50 value of each of propolis extract from Rashaya and Akkar-Danniyeh or TQ was 22.3, 61.7, 40.44 µg/mL for breast cancer cells at 72 h and 33.3, 50.9, 33.5 µg/mL for colorectal cancer cells at the same time point, respectively. Importantly, the inhibitory effects of propolis on DPPH radicals and cancer cell viability were achieved at half its concentration when combined with TQ.
CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Lebanese propolis extract has antioxidant and anticancer potential and its combination with TQ could possibly prevent ROS- mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima AlDreini
- Rammal Rammal Laboratory (ATAC Group), Faculty of Sciences I, Hadath 1003, Lebanon
| | - Zaynab Fatfat
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Najwa Abou Ibrahim
- Rammal Rammal Laboratory (ATAC Group), Faculty of Sciences I, Hadath 1003, Lebanon
| | - Maamoun Fatfat
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Hala Gali-Muhtasib
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Hala Khalife
- Rammal Rammal Laboratory (ATAC Group), Faculty of Sciences I, Hadath 1003, Lebanon
- Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Camerino University, Camerino 62032, Italy
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15
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Russo S, Conigliaro R, Coppini F, Dell'Aquila E, Grande G, Pigò F, Mangiafico S, Lupo M, Marocchi M, Bertani H, Cocca S. Acute left-sided malignant colonic obstruction: Is there a role for endoscopic stenting? World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:190-197. [PMID: 37275939 PMCID: PMC10236983 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i5.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapy of left-sided malignant colonic obstruction continues to be one of the largest problems in clinical practice. Numerous studies on colonic stenting for neoplastic colonic obstruction have been reported in the last decades. Thereby the role of self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) in the treatment of malignant colonic obstruction has become better defined. However, numerous prospective and retrospective investigations have highlighted serious concerns about a possible worse outcome after endoscopic colorectal stenting as a bridge to surgery, particularly in case of perforation. This review analyzes the most recent evidence in order to highlight pros and cons of SEMS placement in left-sided malignant colonic obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Russo
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Rita Conigliaro
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Francesca Coppini
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Azienda USL, IRCCs di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia 42122, Italy
| | - Emanuela Dell'Aquila
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 0144, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grande
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Flavia Pigò
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Santi Mangiafico
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Marinella Lupo
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Margherita Marocchi
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Helga Bertani
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Silvia Cocca
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena 41126, Italy
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16
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Wang RG, Wei L, Jiang B. Current progress on the endoscopic features of colorectal sessile serrated lesions. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:171-178. [PMID: 37124132 PMCID: PMC10134204 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i4.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with the discovery and refinement of serrated pathways, the World Health Organization amended the classification of digestive system tumors in 2019, recommending the renaming of sessile serrated adenomas/polyps to sessile serrated lesions (SSLs). Given the particularity of the endoscopic appearance of SSLs, it could easily be overlooked and missed in colonoscopy screening, which is crucial for the occurrence of interval colorectal cancer. Existing literature has found that adequate bowel preparation, reasonable withdrawal time, and awareness of colorectal SSLs have improved the quality and accuracy of detection. More particularly, with the continuous advancement and development of endoscopy technology, equipment, and accessories, a potent auxiliary tool is provided for accurate observation and immediate diagnosis of SSLs. High-definition white light endoscopy, chromoendoscopy, and magnifying endoscopy have distinct roles in the detection of colorectal SSLs and are valuable in identifying the size, shape, character, risk degree, and potential malignant tendency. This article delves into the relevant factors influencing the detection rate of colorectal SSLs, reviews its characteristics under various endoscopic techniques, and expects to attract the attention of colonoscopists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Gang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
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17
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Rocha Pinheiro SL, Lemos FFB, Marques HS, Silva Luz M, de Oliveira Silva LG, Faria Souza Mendes dos Santos C, da Costa Evangelista K, Calmon MS, Sande Loureiro M, Freire de Melo F. Immunotherapy in glioblastoma treatment: Current state and future prospects. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:138-159. [PMID: 37124134 PMCID: PMC10134201 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i4.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains as the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor, standing with a poor prognosis and treatment prospective. Despite the aggressive standard care, such as surgical resection and chemoradiation, median survival rates are low. In this regard, immunotherapeutic strategies aim to become more attractive for glioblastoma, considering its recent advances and approaches. In this review, we provide an overview of the current status and progress in immunotherapy for glioblastoma, going through the fundamental knowledge on immune targeting to promising strategies, such as Chimeric antigen receptor T-Cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine-based treatment, oncolytic virus and vaccine-based techniques. At last, it is discussed innovative methods to overcome diverse challenges, and future perspectives in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Campus Vitória da Conquista, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mariana Santos Calmon
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Matheus Sande Loureiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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18
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Bangolo AI, Fwelo P, Trivedi C, Sagireddy S, Aljanaahi H, Auda A, Mohamed M, Onyeka S, Fisher M, Thapa J, Tabucanon EJ, Georgiev L, Wishart A, Kumari S, Erikson C, Bangura M, Paddy O, Madhukar R, Gomez EL, Rathod J, Naria M, Hajal B, Awadhalla M, Siegel D, Parmar H, Biran N, Vesole DH, Phull P, Weissman S. Interaction between age and gender on survival outcomes in extramedullary multiple myeloma over the past two decades. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:179-189. [PMID: 37124133 PMCID: PMC10134202 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i4.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extramedullary multiple myeloma (MM) (EMM) is a rare and aggressive subentity of MM that can be present at diagnosis or develop anytime during the disease course. There is a paucity of data on the clinical characteristics and overall epidemiology of EMM. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of data on how the interaction of age and gender influences the survival of EMM.
AIM To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with EMM over the past 2 decades and to identify epidemiologic characteristics that may impact overall prognosis.
METHODS A total of 858 patients diagnosed with EMM, between 2000 and 2017, were ultimately enrolled in our study by retrieving the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. We analyzed demographics, clinical characteristics, and overall mortality (OM) as well as cancer-specific mortality (CSM) of EMM. Variables with a P value < 0.1 in the univariate Cox regression were incorporated into the multivariate Cox model to determine the independent prognostic factors, with a hazard ratio (HR) of greater than 1 representing adverse prognostic factors.
RESULTS From a sample of 858 EMM, the male gender (63.25%), age range 60-79 years (51.05%), and non-Hispanic whites (66.78%) were the most represented. Central Nervous System and the vertebral column was the most affected site (33.10%). Crude analysis revealed higher OM in the age group 80+ [HR = 6.951, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 3.299-14.647, P = 0], Non-Hispanic Black population (HR = 1.339, 95%CI: 1.02-1.759, P = 0.036), Bones not otherwise specified (NOS) (HR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.043-2.902, P = 0.034), and widowed individuals (HR = 2.107, 95%CI: 1.511-2.938, P = 0). Skin involvement (HR = 0.241, 95%CI: 0.06-0.974, P = 0.046) and a yearly income of $75000+ (HR = 0.259, 95%CI: 0.125-0.538, P = 0) had the lowest OM in the crude analysis. Crude analysis revealed higher CSM in the age group 80+, Non-Hispanic Black, Bones NOS, and widowed. Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses only revealed higher OM in the age group 80+ (HR = 9.792, 95%CI: 4.403-21.774, P = 0) and widowed individuals (HR = 1.609, 95%CI: 1.101-2.35, P = 0.014). Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses of CSM also revealed higher mortality of the same groups. Eyes, mouth, and ENT involvement had the lowest CSM in the multivariate analysis. There was no interaction between age and gender in the adjusted analysis for OM and CSM.
CONCLUSION EMM is a rare entity. To our knowledge, there is a scarcity of data on the clinical characteristics and prognosis factors of patients with extramedullary multiple myeloma. In this retrospective cohort, using a United States-based population, we found that age, marital status, and tumor site were independent prognostic factors. Furthermore, we found that age and gender did not interact to influence the mortality of patients with EMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayrton I Bangolo
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Pierre Fwelo
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Chinmay Trivedi
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Sowmya Sagireddy
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Hamed Aljanaahi
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Auda Auda
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Maryama Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Sonia Onyeka
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Miriam Fisher
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Jyoti Thapa
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Erwin J Tabucanon
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Lyuben Georgiev
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Annetta Wishart
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Shilpee Kumari
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Conrad Erikson
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Mary Bangura
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Orent Paddy
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Rashmi Madhukar
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Eugenio L Gomez
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Joshua Rathod
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Mansi Naria
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Basel Hajal
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Mohammad Awadhalla
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - David Siegel
- Division of Myeloma, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, United States
| | - Harsh Parmar
- Division of Myeloma, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, United States
| | - Noa Biran
- Division of Myeloma, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, United States
| | - David H Vesole
- Division of Myeloma, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, United States
| | - Pooja Phull
- Division of Myeloma, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, United States
| | - Simcha Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
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Stuckey R, Luzardo Henríquez H, de la Nuez Melian H, Rivero Vera JC, Bilbao-Sieyro C, Gómez-Casares MT. Integration of molecular testing for the personalized management of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:160-170. [PMID: 37124135 PMCID: PMC10134203 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i4.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) are the most common forms of aggressive and indolent lymphoma, respectively. The majority of patients are cured by standard R-CHOP immunochemotherapy, but 30%–40% of DLBCL and 20% of FL patients relapse or are refractory (R/R). DLBCL and FL are phenotypically and genetically hereterogenous B-cell neoplasms. To date, the diagnosis of DLBCL and FL has been based on morphology, immunophenotyping and cytogenetics. However, next-generation sequencing (NGS) is widening our understanding of the genetic basis of the B-cell lymphomas. In this review we will discuss how integrating the NGS-based characterization of somatic gene mutations with diagnostic or prognostic value in DLBCL and FL could help refine B-cell lymphoma classification as part of a multidisciplinary pathology work-up. We will also discuss how molecular testing can identify candidates for clinical trials with targeted therapies and help predict therapeutic outcome to currently available treatments, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell, as well as explore the application of circulating cell-free DNA, a non-invasive method for patient monitoring. We conclude that molecular analyses can drive improvements in patient outcomes due to an increased understanding of the different pathogenic pathways affected by each DLBCL subtype and indolent FL vs R/R FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Stuckey
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas 35019, Spain
| | - Hugo Luzardo Henríquez
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas 35019, Spain
| | | | - José Carlos Rivero Vera
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas 35019, Spain
| | - Cristina Bilbao-Sieyro
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35019, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Morphology, Universitario de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas 35001, Spain
| | - María Teresa Gómez-Casares
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35019, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Medical Science, Universitario de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas 35001, Spain
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Filonenko D, Karnaukhov N, Kvetenadze G, Zhukova L. Unusual breast metastasis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A case report and literature review. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:131-137. [PMID: 37009526 PMCID: PMC10052332 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i3.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most frequent mesenchymal tumors of gastrointestinal tract. The most common sites of metastases are the liver and the peritoneum, whereas breast metastases from GIST are extremely rare. We present a second case of GIST breast metastasis.
CASE SUMMARY We found a case of breast metastasis from rectum GIST. A 55-year-old female patient presented with rectum tumor with multiply liver lesions and metastasis in the right breast. Abdominal-perineal extirpation of rectum was performed, histology and immunohistochemistry study showed GIST, mixed type with CD117 and DOG-1 positive staining. The patient was taking imatinib 400 mg for 22 mo with stable disease. Because of growth of the breast metastasis the treatment was changed twice: The dose of imatinib was doubled with further progression in the breast lesion and then the patient was receiving sunitinib for 26 mo with partial response in the right breast and stable disease in the liver lesions. The breast lesion increased and right breast resection was done – surgery on local progression, the liver metastases were stable. Histology and immunohistochemistry studies revealed GIST metastasis, CD 117 and DOG 1 positive with KIT exon 11 mutation. After surgery the patient resumed imatinib. Until now the patient has been taking imatinib 400 mg for 19 mo without progression, last follow up was in November 2022.
CONCLUSION GISTs breast metastases are extremely rare, we described the second case. At the same time second primary tumors have been reported frequently in patients diagnosed with GISTs and breast cancer is one of the most common second primary tumors in patients with GISTs. That is why it is very important to distinguish primary from metastatic breast lesions. Surgery on local progression made it possible to resume less toxic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Filonenko
- Department of Oncology Chemotherapy, SBIH Moscow Clinical Scientific and Practical Center Named After A.S.Loginov of DHM Moscow, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Nikolay Karnaukhov
- Department of Pathomorphology, SBIH "Moscow Clinical Scientific and Practical Center Named After A.S. Loginov'' DHM, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Gurami Kvetenadze
- Department of Surgery, SBIH "Moscow Clinical Scientific and Practical Center Named After A.S. Loginov'' DHM, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Zhukova
- Department of Oncology, SBIH "Moscow Clinical Scientific and Practical Center Named After A.S. Loginov'' DHM, Moscow 111123, Russia
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Kurdi M, Mulla N, Malibary H, Bamaga AK, Fadul MM, Faizo E, Hakamy S, Baeesa S. Immune microenvironment of medulloblastoma: The association between its molecular subgroups and potential targeted immunotherapeutic receptors. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:117-130. [PMID: 37009528 PMCID: PMC10052334 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i3.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is considered the commonest malignant brain tumor in children. Multimodal treatments consisting of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have improved patients’ survival. Nevertheless, the recurrence occurs in 30% of cases. The persistent mortality rates, the failure of current therapies to extend life expectancy, and the serious complications of non-targeted cytotoxic treatment indicate the need for more refined therapeutic approaches. Most MBs originating from the neurons of external granular layer line the outer surface of neocerebellum and responsible for the afferent and efferent connections. Recently, MBs have been segregated into four molecular subgroups: Wingless-activated (WNT-MB) (Group 1); Sonic-hedgehog-activated (SHH-MB) (Group 2); Group 3 and 4 MBs. These molecular alterations follow specific gene mutations and disease-risk stratifications. The current treatment protocols and ongoing clinical trials against these molecular subgroups are still using common chemotherapeutic agents by which their efficacy have improved the progression-free survival but did not change the overall survival. However, the need to explore new therapies targeting specific receptors in MB microenvironment became essential. The immune microenvironment of MBs consists of distinctive cellular heterogeneities including immune cells and none-immune cells. Tumour associate macrophage and tumour infiltrating lymphocyte are considered the main principal cells in tumour microenvironment, and their role are still under investigation. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of interaction between MB cells and immune cells in the microenvironment, with an overview of the recent investigations and clinical trials
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Kurdi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 213733, Saudi Arabia
- Neuromuscular Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Mulla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam Malibary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K Bamaga
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Motaz M Fadul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eyad Faizo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tabuk University, Tabuk 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Hakamy
- Neurmuscular Unit, Center of Excellence of Genomic Medicine, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
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