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Yang TF, Li XR, Kong MW. Molecular mechanisms underlying roles of long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 in digestive system cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4300-4308. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This editorial reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) in digestive system cancers based on two recent studies on lncRNAs in digestive system tumors. The first study, by Zhao et al, explored how hBD-1 affects colon cancer, via the lncRNA TCONS_00014506, by inhibiting mTOR and promoting autophagy. The second one, by Li et al, identified the lncRNA prion protein testis specific (PRNT) as a factor in oxaliplatin resistance by sponging ZNF184 to regulate HIPK2 and influence colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance, suggesting PRNT as a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer. Both of these two articles discuss the mechanisms by which lncRNAs contribute to the development and progression of digestive system cancers. As a recent research hotspot, SNHG16 is a typical lncRNA that has been extensively studied for its association with digestive system cancers. The prevailing hypothesis is that SNHG16 participates in the development and progression of digestive system tumors by acting as a competing endogenous RNA, interacting with other proteins, regulating various genes, and affecting downstream target molecules. This review systematically examines the recently reported biological functions, related molecular mechanisms, and potential clinical significance of SNHG16 in various digestive system cancers, and explores the relationship between SNHG16 and digestive system cancers. The findings suggest that SNHG16 may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for human digestive system cancers.
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Deqing LC, Zhang JW, Yang J. Endoscopic diagnosis and management of gallbladder carcinoma in minimally invasive era: New needs, new models. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4333-4337. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare and lethal malignancy; however, it represents the most common type of biliary tract cancer. Patients with GBC are often diagnosed at an advanced stage, thus, unfortunately, losing the opportunity for curative surgical intervention. This situation leads to lower quality of life and higher mortality rates. In recent years, the rapid development of endoscopic equipment and techniques has provided new avenues and possibilities for the early and minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment of GBC. This editorial comments on the article by Pavlidis et al. Building upon their work, we explore the new needs and corresponding models for managing GBC from the endoscopic diagnosis and treatment perspective.
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Qin Y, Ma FY, Zhang Z, Zhao CH, Huang B. Vascular endothelial growth factor pathway’s influence on bevacizumab efficacy in metastatic colorectal cancer treatment. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4514-4517. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this article, an article published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology, which focuses on whether the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) affects the effectiveness of chemotherapy regimens, including bevacizumab, in treating patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Through neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bevacizumab inhibits tumor angiogenesis, impairing neovascularization and thereby depriving the tumor of essential nutrients and oxygen. Conversely, PD-L1 binding to VEGF receptor 2 promotes angiogenesis, supporting tumor vasculature. The interplay between these pathways complicates the assessment of bevacizumab’s efficacy in cancer therapy, notably in CRC, where VEGF and PD-L1 significantly affect treatment response. This review examines metastatic CRC treatment strategies, focusing on bevacizumab’s mechanism of action and the role of PD-L1 in this therapeutic context.
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Zhang S, Hu RH, Cui XM, Song C, Jiang XH. Current clinical trials on gastric cancer surgery in China. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4369-4382. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the leading diagnosed malignancy worldwide, especially in China. Radical surgery is the cornerstone of GC treatment. We reviewed previous clinical trials and aimed to provide an update on the factors related to the surgical treatment of GC. The number of registered clinical trials in the field of GC surgery is rapidly increasing. With the development and popularization of endoscopic, laparoscopic, and robotic techniques, GC surgery has gradually entered a new era of precise minimally invasive surgery. Postoperative quality of life has become a major issue in addition to surgical oncological safety. Although great progress has been made in clinical research on GC in China, there are still deficiencies. Many studies enrolled large numbers of patients, but the research data were not of high quality. The characteristics of GC in China include a high incidence, large population, and large proportion of patients with advanced GC, which provides sufficient reason for studying this disease. There is still a need for well-designed, large, randomized clinical trials to improve our knowledge of the surgical treatment of GC.
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Yang H, Qiu GP, Liu J, Yang TQ. Drug-eluting beads chemoembolization combined with programmed cell death 1 inhibitor and lenvatinib for large hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4392-4401. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), lenvatinib, and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor has been widely used in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has achieved promising results. However, there are few studies comparing whether drug-eluting beads TACE (D-TACE) can bring more survival benefits to patients with large HCC compared to conventional TACE (C-TACE) in this triplet therapy.
AIM To compare the efficacy and adverse events (AEs) of triple therapy comprising D-TACE, PD-1 inhibitors, and lenvatinib (D-TACE-P-L) and C-TACE, PD-1 inhibitors, and lenvatinib (C-TACE-P-L) in patients with large HCC (maximum diameter ≥ 5 cm), and analyze the prognostic factors.
METHODS Following a comprehensive review of our hospital’s medical records, this retrospective study included 104 patients: 50 received D-TACE-P-L, and 54 received C-TACE-P-L. We employed Kaplan-Meier estimation to assess the median progression-free survival (PFS) between the two groups, utilized Cox multivariate regression analysis to identify prognostic factors, and applied the χ2 test to evaluate AEs.
RESULTS The objective response rate (ORR) and median PFS were significantly higher in the D-TACE-P-L group compared to the C-TACE-P-L group (ORR: 66.0% vs 44.4%, P = 0.027; median PFS: 6.8 months vs 5.0 months, P = 0.041). Cox regression analysis identified treatment option, portal vein tumor thrombus, and hepatic vein invasion as protective factors for PFS. AEs were comparable between the two groups.
CONCLUSION D-TACE-P-L may have significantly better PFS and ORR for large HCC, while exhibiting similar AEs to C-TACE-P-L.
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Deng RZ, Zheng X, Lu ZL, Yuan M, Meng QC, Wu T, Tian Y. Effect of colorectal cancer stem cells on the development and metastasis of colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4354-4368. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The relevant mechanism of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is discussed, and the application prospects of TAMs in reversing the treatment tolerance of ICIs are discussed to provide a reference for related studies. As a class of drugs widely used in clinical tumor immunotherapy, ICIs can act on regulatory molecules on cells that play an inhibitory role - immune checkpoints - and kill tumors in the form of an immune response by activating a variety of immune cells in the immune system. The sensitivity of patients with different types of colorectal cancer to ICI treatment varies greatly. The phenotype and function of TAMs in the colorectal cancer microenvironment are closely related to the efficacy of ICIs. ICIs can regulate the phenotypic function of TAMs, and TAMs can also affect the tolerance of colorectal cancer to ICI therapy. TAMs play an important role in ICI resistance, and making full use of this target as a therapeutic strategy is expected to improve the immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.
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Okpete UE, Byeon H. Elevated ETV4 expression in cholangiocarcinoma is linked to poor prognosis and may guide targeted therapies. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4528-4531. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a highly aggressive bile duct cancer, is associated with late-stage diagnosis and limited treatment options, leading to poor patient outcomes. Early detection and personalized treatment strategies are crucial. The study by Wang et al highlights the prognostic potential of the PEA3 subfamily genes (ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5) in CCA, identifying ETV4 as a particularly promising biomarker. Their bioinformatic analysis revealed that elevated ETV4 expression correlates with poorer survival, positioning it as a strong indicator of disease progression. These findings suggest that ETV4 could enhance prognostic precision and guide personalized therapies, although further validation through large-scale clinical trials is essential. Challenges in clinical application include the need for comprehensive experimental validation and addressing the tumor heterogeneity in CCA. Future research should focus on validating these biomarkers in diverse cohorts and developing targeted therapies, especially in regions where CCA is endemic.
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Feng X, Chai YH, Jiang KX, Jiang WB, Chen WC, Pan Y. Bibliometric analysis of olaparib and pancreatic cancer from 2009 to 2022: A global perspective. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4489-4505. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic screening for breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA)1/2 mutations can inform breast/ovarian/pancreatic cancer patients of suitable therapeutic interventions. Four to seven percent of pancreatic cancer patients have germline BRCA mutations. BRCA genes aid in DNA repair, especially homologous recombination, which impacts genomic stability and cancer cell growth. BRCA1 regulates the cell cycle, ubiquitination, and chromatin remodeling, whereas BRCA2 stimulates the immune response. They predict the efficacy of platinum chemotherapy or polymerase (PARP) inhibitors such as olaparib.
AIM To determine the trends and future directions in the use of olaparib for pancreatic cancer treatment.
METHODS To evaluate the trends in how olaparib works in pancreatic cancer, we performed a bibliometric analysis. One hundred and ninety-six related publications were accessed from the Web of Science Core Collection and were published between 2009 and 2022. The analytic parameters included publications, related citations, productive countries and institutes, influential authors, and keyword development.
RESULTS This study visualizes and discusses the current research, including the present global trends and future directions in olaparib and pancreatic cancer. Overall, this study sheds light on optimizing the use of olaparib in pancreatic cancer treatment, offering valuable guidance for researchers in this field.
CONCLUSION Our findings identified trends in olaparib and pancreatic cancer, with China and the USA leading and with global cooperation tightening. O'Reilly EM's team and Memorial Sloan-Kettering had the highest output. The Journal of Clinical Oncology was the most cited journal. More PARP inhibitors are emerging, and combination therapy is suggested for future therapeutic trends.
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Cai XX, Huang ZF, Tu FY, Yu J. Impact and mechanism study of dioscin on biological characteristics of colorectal cancer cells. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4456-4467. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a considerable global health issue. Dioscin, a compound found in several medicinal plants, has shown potential anticancer effects.
AIM To find the relationship between CRC cells (HCT116) and diosgenin and clarified their mechanisms of action.
METHODS CRC cell line HCT116 was cultured by dividing cells into control and dioscin groups (dioscin + Jagged 1 group; Jagged 1 group, 5 μg/mL; and dioscin group, 2.5 μg/mL). The dioscin groups were given different concentrations of dioscin. Cell Counting Kit-8 was chosen for testing cell viability in different groups. Flow cytometry was established to undiscover the apoptosis rate of human liver cancer cell line 11. Real-time PCR as well as Western blot analyses were applied to reveal the expression levels of caspase-3, Notch, and other proteins. Transwell and scratch experiments were conducted to assess cell migration and invasion abilities.
RESULTS This study indicated that dioscin restricted the growth of HCT116 cells, boosted cell apoptosis, and rose the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio as well as the expression of Caspase-3. Dioscin also inhibited physiological activities, for instance cell migration, and significantly reduced the expression levels of proteins for instance Notch1 (P < 0.05). Dioscin partially reversed the effects of Jagged 1.
CONCLUSION Dioscin exerts a certain inhibitory effect on HCT116, and its mechanism of action may be linked, with the inhibition of the Notch1 signaling pathway.
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Wang W, Wang J, Ren XX, Yue HL, Li Z. Effects of invigorating-spleen and anticancer prescription on extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in colon cancer mice model. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4468-4476. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer (CC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the gastrointestinal system. Overall, CC had the third highest incidence but the second highest mortality rate globally in 2020. Nowadays, CC is mainly treated with capecitabine chemotherapy regimen, supplemented by radiotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapy, but there are still limitations, so Chinese medicine plays an important role.
AIM To investigate the effects of invigorating-spleen and anticancer prescription (ISAP) on body weight, tumor inhibition rate and expression levels of proteins in extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in CC mice model.
METHODS The CC mice model were established and the mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, including the control group, capecitabine group, the low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups of ISAP, with 8 mice in each group, respectively. After 2 weeks of intervention, the body weight and tumor inhibition rate of mice were observed, and the expression of RAS, ERK, phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK), C-MYC and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) proteins in the tissues of tumors were detected.
RESULTS Compared with the control group, the differences of body weight before and after treatment was much smaller in the groups of ISAP, with the smallest difference in the high-dose group of ISAP, while the capecitabine group had the greatest difference, indicating ISAP had a significant inhibiting effect on the growth of transplanted tumor in mice. The expression of RAS protein was decreased in the low- and medium-dose groups of ISAP, and the change of p-ERK was significant in the medium- and high- dose groups of ISAP. MMP2 protein expression was significantly decreased in both the low-dose and medium-dose groups of ISAP. There were no significant changes in ERK in the ISAP group compared to the capecitabine group, while RAS, MMP2, and C-MYC protein expression were reduced in the ISAP group. The expression level of C-MYC protein decreased after treated with ISAP, and the decrease was the most significant in the medium-dose group of ISAP.
CONCLUSION ISAP has a potential inhibiting effect on transplanted tumor in mice, and could maintain the general conditions, physical strength and body weight of mice. The expression levels of RAS, p-ERK, MMP2 and c-myc were also decreased to a certain extent. By inhibiting the expression of upstream proteins, the expression levels of downstream proteins in ERK/MAPK signaling pathway were significantly decreased. Therefore, it can be concluded that ISAP may exert an anti-tumor effect by blocking the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway and inhibiting the expression of MMP2 and c-myc proteins.
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He YG, Wang Z, Li J, Xi W, Zhao CY, Huang XB, Zheng L. Pathologic complete response to conversion therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma using patient-derived organoids: A case report. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4506-4513. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For primary liver cancer, the key to conversion therapy depends on the effectiveness of drug treatment. Patient-derived tumor organoids have been demonstrated to improve the efficacy of conversion therapy by identifying individual-targeted effective drugs, but their clinical effects in liver cancer remain unknown.
CASE SUMMARY We described a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who achieved pathologic complete response (pCR) to conversion therapy guided by the patient-derived organoid (PDO) drug sensitivity testing. Despite insufficiency of the remaining liver volume after hepatectomy, the patient obtained tumor reduction after treatment with the PDO-sensitive drugs and successfully underwent radical surgical resection. Postoperatively, pCR was observed.
CONCLUSION PDOs contributes to screening sensitive drugs for HCC patients to realize the personalized treatment and improve the conversion therapy efficacy.
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Mattiolo P. Practical hints for the diagnosis of mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms of the digestive system. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4326-4332. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, a comment on the article by Díaz-López et al published in the recent issue of the 2024 is provided. We focus on the practical implications critical for providing a correct and complete diagnosis of mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) in the gastrointestinal system. The diagnosis of MiNEN begins with the recognition of neuroendocrine features in one component of a biphasic tumor. The non-neuroendocrine counterpart can be virtually represented by any neoplastic type, even though the most frequent histologies are glandular and squamous. However, qualification of the neuroendocrine component requires histological and immunohistochemical confirmation. Neuroendocrine tumors are characterized by a peculiar architectural organization and bland nuclei with granular “salt and pepper” chromatin. Although neuroendocrine carcinomas have multiple and variable presentations, they typically show a solid or organoid architecture. The histological aspect needs to be confirmed by immunohistochemistry, and a diagnosis is confirmed whenever the expression of keratin and neuroendocrine markers is observed. Once both histopathological and immunohistochemical features of neuroendocrine neoplasms are identified, it is important to consider the three major pitfalls of MiNEN diagnostics: (1) Entrapment of neuroendocrine non-neoplastic cells within the tumor mass; (2) Differential diagnosis with amphicrine neoplasms; and (3) Differential diagnosis of tumors that partially express neuroendocrine markers. According to the current guidelines for diagnosing digestive MiNEN, each component must represent at least 30% of the entire neoplastic mass. Although the high-grade histopathological subtype frequently determines disease prognosis, both components can significantly affect prognosis. Thus, if one of the components, either neuroendocrine or non-neuroendocrine, does not fulfill the volumetric criteria, the guidelines still encourage reporting it. These strict criteria are essential for correctly recognizing and characterizing digestive MiNENs. This task is essential because it has prognostic relevance and substantial potential value for guiding further studies in this field. In the future, systematic analyses should be performed to validate or reconsider the current 30% cutoff value.
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Zhang DX, Niu ZY, Wang Y, Zu M, Wu YH, Shi YY, Zhang HJ, Zhang J, Ding SG. Endoscopic and pathological features of neoplastic transformation of gastric hyperplastic polyps: Retrospective study of 4010 cases. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4424-4435. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperplastic polyps, which represent 30%-93% of all gastric epithelial polyps, are the second most common type of gastric polyps after fundic gland polyps. They were previously considered to have no risk of neoplastic transformation. Recently, an increasing number of cases of gastric hyperplastic polyps (GHPs) combined with neoplastic changes have been reported; however, the specific mechanism underlying their transformation has not been thoroughly explored.
AIM To investigate the clinical, endoscopic, and pathological characteristics of the neoplastic transformation of GHPs and explore the risk factors.
METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 4010 cases of GHPs diagnosed by gastroscopy and pathological examination at the hospital from 2005 to 2021. In total, 3874, 119, and 17 cases were in the group without intraepithelial neoplasia (IN), with low-grade IN, and with high-grade IN, respectively. The data analysis examined the association of endoscopic and pathological features with risk factors for neoplastic transformation. Factors with significant differences were entered into univariate logistic regression, followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS Univariate analysis revealed diameter, multiple polyp presence, redness, rough surface, lobulation, erosion, Yamada classification, location, and gastric mucosa were risk factors for neoplastic transformation. Multivariate analysis showed that age > 65 years [odds ratio (OR) = 1.789; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.227-2.609; P = 0.003], male sex (OR = 1.680; 95%CI: 1.158-2.438; P = 0.006), multiple polyps (OR = 1.851; 95%CI: 1.230-2.784; P = 0.003), pedunculated or semi-pedunculated shape (OR = 2.722; 95%CI: 1.689-4.388; P < 0.001), and polyp diameter were significantly associated with GHPs that demonstrated neoplastic transformation. Compared with chronic superficial gastritis, autoimmune gastritis, atrophic gastritis, and gastritis with IN were independent risk factors for neoplastic transformation [(OR = 2.672; 95%CI: 1.559-4.579; P < 0.001), (OR = 1.876; 95%CI: 1.134-3.103; P = 0.014), and (OR = 5.299; 95%CI: 3.173–8.849; P < 0.001), respectively].
CONCLUSION Male sex, age > 65 years, multiple polyps, pedunculated or semi-pedunculated shape, polyp size > 1 cm, and specific background gastric mucosa are key indicators for predicting neoplastic transformation of GHPs.
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Zhang C, Dong HK, Gao JM, Zeng QQ, Qiu JT, Wang JJ. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of MET-variant digestive tract tumors. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4338-4353. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the MET gene plays an important role in various cellular processes such as growth, survival, migration and angiogenesis, and its abnormal activation is closely related to the occurrence and development of various tumors. This article reviews the recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of MET-variant digestive tract tumors. In terms of diagnosis, the application of next-generation sequencing technology and liquid biopsy technology makes the detection of MET variants more accurate and efficient, providing a reliable basis for individualized treatment. In terms of treatment, MET inhibitors such as crizotinib and cabotinib have shown good efficacy in clinical trials. In addition, the combination of immunotherapy and MET inhibitors also demonstrated potential synergies, further improving the therapeutic effect. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of drug resistance mechanisms are still one of the difficulties in current research. In the future, it is necessary to further deepen the understanding of the mechanism of MET variation and explore new combination treatment strategies to improve the overall survival rate and quality of life of patients. The diagnosis and treatment of MET-variant digestive tract tumors are moving towards precision and individualization, and have broad application prospects.
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Zhang R, Liu YH, Li Y, Li NN, Li Z. Present and prospect of transarterial chemoembolization combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitor and PD-1 inhibitor for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4315-4320. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, we comment on the article (World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16: 1236-1247), which is a retrospective study of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we focus specifically on the mechanisms of this triple therapy, administration sequence and selection of each medication, and implications for future clinical trials. Based on the interaction mechanisms between medications, the triple therapy of TACE + TKI + PD-1 is proposed to complement the deficiency of each monotherapy, and achieve synergistic antitumor effects. Although this triple therapy has been evaluated by several retrospective trials, it is still controversial whether the triple therapy achieves better clinical benefits, due to the flawed study design and heterogeneity in medications. In addition, the administration sequence, which may greatly affect the clinical benefit, needs to be fully considered at clinical decision-making for obtaining better prognosis. We hope that this editorial could contribute to the design and optimization of future trials.
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Sforzin I, Borad M, Uson Junior PLS. Are preoperative inflammatory and nutritional markers important for the prognosis of patients with peritoneal metastasis of colorectal cancer? World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4522-4527. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of cancer that grows from polypoid lesions developing over the years. It has a high incidence of about 1.8 million new cases annually. While screening and lifestyle modifications have stabilized the rate of CRC in high-income countries, the incidence of early-onset CRC is increasing globally. The worst prognosis for this cancer is linked to recurrence and metastasis, with peritoneal metastasis occurring in 8% to 20% of cases. In these cases, treatment with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is indicated. However, this approach is risky and requires careful selection of patients who will truly benefit from it. This article will discuss the correlation between nutrition and inflammation in patients with peritoneal metastasis and advanced CRC, emphasizing the importance of nutritional and inflammatory markers for assessing disease status. Finally, we will highlight the main biomarkers in the field.
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Liu XH, Chen G, Cao DD, Liu H, Ke XK, Hu YG, Tan W, Ke D, Xu XM. Comparison of clinical features of patients with or without severe gastrointestinal complications in aggressive gastrointestinal lymphomas. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4409-4423. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (PGINHL) is an uncommon and heterogeneous group of lymphoid malignancies, that differs from indolent lymphoma and has a high incidence of severe gastrointestinal complications (GICs).
AIM To investigate and compare the clinicopathological characteristics, treatments and outcomes in the GICs and No-GICs group with aggressive PGINHL.
METHODS This retrospective analysis was performed on aggressive PGINHL patients between January 2013 and December 2021 at our hospital. The independent influence factors of GICs were obtained by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis, the selected variables significantly related to GICs were selected as the final predictors to construct nomogram. Kaplan-Meier curves further analyzed the survival of patients in GICs and No-GICs groups. Survival analysis of GICs group was performed using Cox regression.
RESULTS We focused on 124 aggressive PGINHL cases, which had a relatively high incidence 48.4% (60/124 cases) of GICs, the most common histological type in GICs group was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (n = 49, 81.7%). In the GICs group, small intestine was the most common anatomic site of lesion (43.3%), followed by large intestine (31.7%), and then stomach and esophagus (25.0%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for GICs were the small intestine [odd ratio (OR) = 3.33; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.47-9.41; P = 0.009), aggressive B-cell (OR = 0.09; 95%CI: 0.01-0.83; P = 0.033), maximum tumor diameter (OR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.07-1.47; P = 0.005), invaded deep serous layer (OR = 3.38; 95%CI: 1.24-9.19; P = 0.017). We developed a nomogram to predict risk of GICs in aggressive PGINHL patients based on independent risk factors. The value of area under curve calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.815, and calibration curve and decision curve analysis further indicated that the prediction effect was superior. The majority of patients with GICs were given combination therapy (chemotherapy combined with surgery or radiation). Event-free survival and overall survival in GICs group were no worse than those in the No-GICs group.
CONCLUSION The complication rate of GICs in patients with aggressive PGINHL was relatively high, particularly in PGI-DLBCL. The independent risk factors for GICs were the small intestine, PGI-TNKL, bulky tumor, and depth of invasion. A combination treatment, involving surgery, improved survival in the GICs group.
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Kong MW, Yu Y, Wan Y, Gao Y, Zhang CX. From biomarker discovery to combined therapies: Advancing hepatocellular carcinoma treatment strategies. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4518-4521. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This editorial reviews advances in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, focusing on a triple therapy approach and biomarker discovery. Zhang et al discuss the synergistic potential of transarterial chemoembolization combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and PD-1 inhibitors. Meanwhile, Li et al identify protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor II (PTPN2) as a biomarker for poor prognosis and immune evasion in HCC. The studies highlight the importance of combined therapies and biomarkers in improving HCC treatment efficacy and patient outcomes, with PTPN2 emerging as a potential therapeutic target. This article supplements the aforementioned studies with more recent research advancements, focusing on the molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of biomarkers.
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Xu QD, Liu H, Zhang HW, Gao XM, Li YG, Wu ZY. Effect of endoscopic submucosal dissection on gastrointestinal function and nutritional status in patients with early gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4402-4408. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) endangers the survival and prognosis of patients worldwide. Improving the prognosis of patients with early GC (EGC) is crucial to prolong their survival time.
AIM To analyze the effects of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) on gastrointestinal function and nutritional status in patients with EGC.
METHODS Eighty patients with EGC between January 2021 and January 2024 were divided according to different surgical protocol into following two groups: 42 patients who underwent ESD in the ESD group and 38 patients treated with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in the EMR group. Two groups were compared in the operative indices, lesion resection rate, postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function, nutritional status, and incidence of surgical complications.
RESULTS The overall resection rate of the lesion in the ESD group was higher. The operative bleeding volume and operation time were higher and gastrointestinal ventilation time was shorter in the ESD group than those in the EMR group (P< 0.05). The nutritional statuses of the two groups decreased after operation; however, the levels of albumin, prealbumin, hemoglobin, and transferrin were higher in the ESD group than in the EMR group (P < 0.05). The post-operative pepsinogen (PG) I level in the ESD group was higher than that in the EMR group, and the PG II level was lower than that in the EMR group (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications was compared between the two groups (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION ESD can promote the immediate recovery of patient’s postoperative gastrointestinal function, improve their nutritional level, and signifies its application in patients with EGC.
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Christodoulidis G, Agko SE, Kouliou MN, Koumarelas KE. Unveiling the clinicopathological enigma of crawling-type gastric adenocarcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4321-4325. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this editorial we comment on the article by Xu et al. Gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) is a malignancy which arises from the gastric mucosa and encompasses heterogenous tumors with varying characteristics. There are two main classifications: Lauren’s and the World Health Organization distinguishing the diverse types of GA depending on clinical, genetic, morphological and epidemiological features. “Crawling-type” adenocarcinoma (CRA) is a subtype characterized by irregularly fused glands with low-grade cellular atypia. Moreover, CRA represents differentiated tumor cells resembling intestinal metaplasia which results in misdiagnosis. The diagnosis is of utmost importance, as well as the subclassification and thorough pathological assessment. With regard to the symptoms of GA, these depend on the stage of the disease. Diagnostic methods play a crucial role in assessing the extent of the tumor and the stage of the disease. Nevertheless, early detection of CRA remains challenging due to its histological features. In summary, CRA is a distinct type of GA with particular clinicopathological and histological characteristics. Despite its significance, it not distinguished as a subtype, resulting in diagnostic challenges. Diagnosis is based on careful observation and thorough biopsy analysis, indicating the importance of comprehensive pathological assessment.
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Li SL, Wang PY, Jia YP, Zhang ZX, He HY, Chen PY, Liu X, Liu B, Lu L, Fu WH. BIRC3 induces the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt pathway activation to promote trastuzumab resistance in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4436-4455. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trastuzumab-targeted therapy is currently the standard of care for advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive gastric cancer. However, the emergence of resistance to trastuzumab poses significant challenges.
AIM To identify the key genes associated with trastuzumab resistance. These results provide a basis for the development of interventions to address drug resistance and improve patient outcomes.
METHODS High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics were used to identify the differentially expressed pivotal gene BIRC3 and delineate its potential function and pathway regulation. Tumor samples were collected from patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer to evaluate the correlation between BIRC3 expression and trastuzumab resistance. We established gastric cancer cell lines with both highly expressed and suppressed levels of BIRC3, followed by comprehensive in vitro and in vivo experiments to confirm the involvement of BIRC3 in trastuzumab resistance and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms.
RESULTS In patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer, there is a significant correlation between elevated BIRC3 expression in tumor tissues and higher T stage, tumor node metastasis stage, as well as poor overall survival and progression-free survival. BIRC3 is highly expressed in trastuzumab-resistant gastric cancer cell lines, where it inhibits tumor cell apoptosis and enhances trastuzumab resistance by promoting the phosphorylation and activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt (PI3K-AKT) pathway in HER2-positive gastric cancer cells, both in vivo and in vitro.
CONCLUSION This study revealed a robust association between high BIRC3 expression and an unfavorable prognosis in patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer. Thus, the high expression of BIRC3 stimulated PI3K-AKT phosphorylation and activation, stimulating the proliferation of HER2-positive tumor cells and suppressing apoptosis, ultimately leading to trastuzumab resistance.
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Zhu DX, Chen M, Xu DH, He GD, Xu PP, Lin Q, Ren L, Xu JM. Pattern of colorectal surgery and long-term survival: 10-year experience from a single center. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4383-4391. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased in recent decades, and ranks fourth among males and third among females in China. Surgical resection remains the most important treatment modality for curative intent in CRC. Several studies found that surgeon volumes and specialization appeared to be associated with improved overall survival (OS). Moreover, numerous reports have suggested that specialization and minimally invasive surgery have gained increased popularity in CRC surgery. However, few studies have specifically examined the role and long-term survival of all stage CRC in a real-world study.
AIM To evaluate the effect of surgeon specialization on survival changes and minimally invasive surgery utilization in a real world study.
METHODS A retrospective analysis on the association between surgeon specialization and OS between 2008 and 2013 in Zhongshan Hospital CRC database was performed. Standard demographic, clinicopathologic, surgical and follow-up data were obtained from the CRC database. Surgeon specialty was categorized as colorectal surgeon (CS) and general surgeon (GS). CRC patients who underwent primary surgical resection were enrolled.
RESULTS A total of 5141 CRC patients who underwent primary surgical resection between 2008 and 2013 were evaluated, 1748 (34.0%) of these by CS. The percentage of minimally invasive procedures in the CS group showed an increasing trend. There was no benefit associated with surgeon specialization for stage I, II and IV patients. Surgeon specialization exhibited a significant association with OS solely among stage III patients, with 5-year OS rates of 76% and 67% for the CS and GS groups, respectively (P < 0.01). Further analyses found that surgeon specialization was significantly associated with survival only in stage III rectal patients, and the 5-year OS rate in the CS group and GS group was 80% and 67%, respectively (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION Surgeon specialization is associated with improved OS after primary surgery in stage III rectal patients. An appropriate surgical technique, perioperative program and adjuvant therapy may contribute to survival benefit in these patients.
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Yu HB, Jia KF, Wang XF, Li BY, Xin Q. Navigating the complex landscape of crawling-type gastric adenocarcinomas: Insights and implications for clinical practice. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4309-4314. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, we comment on an article by Xu et al. This article describes a case of crawling-type gastric adenocarcinoma (CRA) distinguished by its rare occurrence and diagnostic complexity. We reviewed the detailed case-report findings showcasing clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics of CRA that shed light on its elusive nature and challenges for early detection and treatment. This case underscored the significance of advanced diagnostic tools such as endoscopic submucosal dissection. Emphasis was placed on the molecular peculiarities of CRA, including the higher mutation rates of genes such as TP53 and RHOA and the notable absence of HER2 amplification, differentiating it from more conventional forms of gastric adenocarcinoma. In this editorial, we advocate for a multidisciplinary approach to effectively manage this rare subtype and highlight the necessity for precision in both diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Moreover, a heightened awareness urging the adoption of advanced diagnostic techniques and collaborative approaches is necessary among clinicians and researchers. We aim to contribute to the ongoing discourse in gastrointestinal oncology, emphasizing the importance of recognizing and addressing the complexities associated with rare cancer subtypes such as CRA.
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Wei ZH, Tuo M, Ye C, Wu XF, Wang HH, Ren WZ, Liu G, Xiang T. Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in gastric cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4477-4488. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] [Imported: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent studies, accumulating evidence has revealed a strong association between the inflammatory response and the prognosis of many tumors. There is a certain correlation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with the prognosis in gastric cancer (GC) patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). However, the existing research results have remained controversial.
AIM To explore the relationship between NLR ratio and prognosis of GC patients receiving NAC.
METHODS A thorough systematic search was performed in databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, the search is available until February 29, 2024, and studies exploring the interaction of NLR with clinical outcomes were collected. Relevant studies meeting pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were carefully chosen. The outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), relapse-free survival, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). The hazard ratio (HR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were utilized for estimation.
RESULTS Our analysis encompassed 852 patients and incorporated data from 12 cohort studies. The comprehensive analysis revealed a significant association of high NLR with reduced OS (HR = 1.76; 95%CI: 1.22-2.54, P = 0.003), relapse-free survival (HR = 3.73; 95%CI: 1.74-7.96, P = 0.0007), and PFS (HR = 2.32; 95%CI: 1.42-3.81, P = 0.0008) in patients. However, this correlation in disease-free survival was not significant. NLR demonstrated its crucial role in effectively predicting the OS of GC patients undergoing NAC at different detection times, ages, regions, and NLR thresholds.
CONCLUSION In GC patients receiving NAC, an elevated NLR is strongly associated with reduced OS and PFS. NLR has become an effective biomarker for patient prognosis evaluation, providing valuable insights for the treatment strategies of NAC in GC patients.
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Liu XJ, Lin YX, Chen LX, Yang WJ, Hu B. Multidisciplinary approaches in the management of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Exploring future directions. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4052-4054. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] [Imported: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, we read the article “Pathologically successful conversion hepatectomy for advanced giant hepatocellular carcinoma after multidisciplinary therapy: A case report and review of the literature” published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology. The prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poor, and multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment is currently the main research direction. This case report demonstrated the efficacy of the combination therapy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, epclusa, lenvatinib and sintilimab for a patient with advanced HCC, and the report can serve as a reference for clinical practice. We would also like to share some of our views.
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