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Quantum Computing for Dealing with Inaccurate Knowledge Related to the Certainty Factors Model. MATHEMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/math10020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we illustrate that inaccurate knowledge can be efficiently implemented in a quantum environment. For this purpose, we analyse the correlation between certainty factors and quantum probability. We first explore the certainty factors approach for inexact reasoning from a classical point of view. Next, we introduce some basic aspects of quantum computing, and we pay special attention to quantum rule-based systems. In this context, a specific use case was built: an inferential network for testing the behaviour of the certainty factors approach in a quantum environment. After the design and execution of the experiments, the corresponding analysis of the obtained results was performed in three different scenarios: (1) inaccuracy in declarative knowledge, or imprecision, (2) inaccuracy in procedural knowledge, or uncertainty, and (3) inaccuracy in both declarative and procedural knowledge. This paper, as stated in the conclusions, is intended to pave the way for future quantum implementations of well-established methods for handling inaccurate knowledge.
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A systematic approach to API usability: Taxonomy-derived criteria and a case study. INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infsof.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Alvarez-Estevez D, Moret-Bonillo V. Revisiting the Wang-Mendel algorithm for fuzzy classification. EXPERT SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/exsy.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Alonso-Ríos D, Mosqueira-Rey E, Moret-Bonillo V. A Systematic and Generalizable Approach to the Heuristic Evaluation of User Interfaces. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2018.1424101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Emerging technologies in artificial intelligence: quantum rule-based systems. PROGRESS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13748-017-0140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Fernández-Varela I, Hernández-Pereira E, Álvarez-Estévez D, Moret-Bonillo V. Combining machine learning models for the automatic detection of EEG arousals. Neurocomputing 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2016.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Fernández-Varela I, Alvarez-Estevez D, Hernández-Pereira E, Moret-Bonillo V. A simple and robust method for the automatic scoring of EEG arousals in polysomnographic recordings. Comput Biol Med 2017; 87:77-86. [PMID: 28554078 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical diagnosis of sleep disorders relies on the polysomnographic test to examine the neurophysiological markers of the sleep process. In this test, the recording of the electroencephalographic activity and the submental electromyogram is the source of the analysis for the detection of electroencephalographic arousals. The identification of these events is important for the evaluation of the sleep continuity because they cause the fragmentation of the normal sleep process. This work proposes a new technique for the automatic detection of arousals in polysomnographic recordings, presenting a non-computationally complex method with the idea of providing an easy integration with other algorithms. METHODS The proposed algorithm combines different well-known signal analysis solutions to identify relevant arousal patterns with special emphasis on robustness and artifacts tolerance. It is a multistage method that after obtaining an initial set of events, improves the detection finding common EEG arousal patterns. Finally, false positives are discarded after examining each candidate within the context of clinical definitions. RESULTS 22 polysomnographic recordings from real patients were used to validate the method. The results obtained were encouraging, achieving a precision value of 0.86 and a F1 score value of 0.79. When compared with the gold standard, the method achieves a substantial agreement (Kappa coefficient of 0.78), with an almost perfect agreement with ten recordings. CONCLUSIONS The algorithm designed achieved encouraging results and shows robust behavior in presence of signal artifacts. Its low-coupled design allows its implementation on different development platforms, and an easy combination with other methods.
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Fernández-Leal Á, Cabrero-Canosa M, Mosqueira-Rey E, Moret-Bonillo V. A knowledge model for the development of a framework for hypnogram construction. Knowl Based Syst 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Alvarez-Estevez D, Moret-Bonillo V. Spectral Heart Rate Variability analysis using the heart timing signal for the screening of the Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome. Comput Biol Med 2016; 71:14-23. [PMID: 26866445 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Some approaches have been published in the past using Heart Rate Variability (HRV) spectral features for the screening of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (SAHS) patients. However there is a big variability among these methods regarding the selection of the source signal and the specific spectral components relevant to the analysis. In this study we investigate the use of the Heart Timing (HT) as the source signal in comparison to the classical approaches of Heart Rate (HR) and Heart Period (HP). This signal has the theoretical advantage of being optimal under the Integral Pulse Frequency Modulation (IPFM) model assumption. Only spectral bands defined as standard for the study of HRV are considered, and for each method the so-called LF/HF and VLFn features are derived. A comparative statistical analysis between the different resulting methods is performed, and subject classification is investigated by means of ROC analysis and a Naïve-Bayes classifier. The standard Apnea-ECG database is used for validation purposes. Our results show statistical differences between SAHS patients and controls for all the derived features. In the subject classification task the best performance in the testing set was obtained using the LF/HF ratio derived from the HR signal (Area under ROC curve=0.88). Only slight differences are obtained due to the effect of changing the source signal. The impact of using the HT signal in this domain is therefore limited, and has not shown relevant differences with respect to the use of the classical approaches of HR or HP.
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Hernández-Pereira EM, Álvarez-Estévez D, Moret-Bonillo V. Automatic classification of respiratory patterns involving missing data imputation techniques. BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Alvarez-Estevez D, Moret-Bonillo V. Computer-assisted diagnosis of the Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: An overview of different approaches. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2015:4544-9. [PMID: 26737305 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Automatic diagnosis of the Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (SAHS) has become an important area of research due to the growing interest in the field of sleep medicine, and the costs associated to its manual diagnosis. The increment and heterogeneity of the different techniques, however, makes somewhat difficult to adequately follow recent developments. In this paper an overview within the area of computer-assisted diagnosis of SAHS has been performed. This overview of the different methods is presented together with a critical discussion of the current state-of-the-art.
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Alvarez-Estevez D, Moret-Bonillo V. Computer-Assisted Diagnosis of the Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: A Review. SLEEP DISORDERS 2015; 2015:237878. [PMID: 26266052 PMCID: PMC4523666 DOI: 10.1155/2015/237878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Automatic diagnosis of the Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (SAHS) has become an important area of research due to the growing interest in the field of sleep medicine and the costs associated with its manual diagnosis. The increment and heterogeneity of the different techniques, however, make it somewhat difficult to adequately follow the recent developments. A literature review within the area of computer-assisted diagnosis of SAHS has been performed comprising the last 15 years of research in the field. Screening approaches, methods for the detection and classification of respiratory events, comprehensive diagnostic systems, and an outline of current commercial approaches are reviewed. An overview of the different methods is presented together with validation analysis and critical discussion of the current state of the art.
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Zuo L, Hemmelgarn BT, Jouett NP, Smith ML, Eugenín J, Beltrán-Castillo S, von Bernhardi R, de Figueiredo Müller-Ribeiro FC, Ribeiro-Marins F, Fontes MAP, Cysique LA, Gandevia SC, Tellez HF, Mekjavic IB, Perlitz V, Kerkhof PLM, de Munck J, Moret-Bonillo V, Nieman G, Gatto LA. Commentaries on Viewpoint: The ongoing need for good physiological investigation: Obstructive sleep apnea in HIV patients as a paradigm. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:247-50. [PMID: 25593220 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00989.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Moret-Bonillo V. Can artificial intelligence benefit from quantum computing? PROGRESS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13748-014-0059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Alonso-Ríos D, Mosqueira-Rey E, Moret-Bonillo V. A Taxonomy-Based Usability Study of an Intelligent Speed Adaptation Device. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2014.907463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Moret-Bonillo V, Alvarez-Estévez D, Fernández-Leal A, Hernández-Pereira E. Intelligent approach for analysis of respiratory signals and oxygen saturation in the sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. Open Med Inform J 2014; 8:1-19. [PMID: 25035712 PMCID: PMC4101190 DOI: 10.2174/1874431101408010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work deals with the development of an intelligent approach for clinical decision making in the diagnosis of the Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome, SAHS, from the analysis of respiratory signals and oxygen saturation in arterial blood, SaO2. In order to accomplish the task the proposed approach makes use of different artificial intelligence techniques and reasoning processes being able to deal with imprecise data. These reasoning processes are based on fuzzy logic and on temporal analysis of the information. The developed approach also takes into account the possibility of artifacts in the monitored signals. Detection and characterization of signal artifacts allows detection of false positives. Identification of relevant diagnostic patterns and temporal correlation of events is performed through the implementation of temporal constraints.
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Hernández-Pereira E, Alvarez-Estévez D, Moret-Bonillo V. Improving detection of apneic events by learning from examples and treatment of missing data. Stud Health Technol Inform 2014; 207:213-24. [PMID: 25488227 DOI: pmid/25488227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a comparative study over the respiratory pattern classification task involving three missing data imputation techniques, and four different machine learning algorithms. The main goal was to find a classifier that achieves the best accuracy results using a scalable imputation method in comparison to the method used in a previous work of the authors. The results obtained show that the Self-organization maps imputation method allows any classifier to achieve improvements over the rest of the imputation methods, and that the Feedforward neural network classifier offers the best performance regardless the imputation method used.
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A method for the automatic analysis of the sleep macrostructure in continuum. EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2012.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Álvarez-Estévez D, Sánchez-Maroño N, Alonso-Betanzos A, Moret-Bonillo V. Reducing dimensionality in a database of sleep EEG arousals. EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2010.12.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Alvarez-Estévez D, Moret-Bonillo V. Identification of electroencephalographic arousals in multichannel sleep recordings. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011; 58:54-63. [PMID: 20840892 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2010.2075930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalographic arousals are defined as abrupt shifts in electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency during sleep. Occurrence of arousals results in fragmented sleep, being one of the most important causes of daytime sleepiness among sleep disorders. Detection of arousals requires a polysomnographic (PSG) recording to be made during the patient's sleep. The resulting PSG is then analyzed offline by the physician. This is a time-consuming task, hence, automation of this process is pursued. The analysis, which involves the correlation of various events in time occurring among the different channels, in conjunction with the complexity of the related biomedical signals, makes this task also difficult to achieve in the computer algorithm. In this paper, we present a method for the detection of EEG arousals working on multichannel PSGs. The algorithm detects arousals using the information available through two EEG channels and the electromyography. A signal-processing technique is first proposed for the analysis of biomedical signals and extraction of relevant information. Individual events are detected from the signals and subsequently are related in time. Finally, a classification phase carries out the final decision on the presence of the event. Classifiers based on Fisher's linear and quadratic discriminants, support vector machines and artificial neural networks are compared at this phase. Experiments conducted on 20 patients reported a sensitivity and specificity respectively of 0.86 and 0.76 in the detection of the arousal events.
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Alonso-Ríos D, Vázquez-García A, Mosqueira-Rey E, Moret-Bonillo V. A Context-of-Use Taxonomy for Usability Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2010.502099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Alonso-Ríos D, Vázquez-García A, Mosqueira-Rey E, Moret-Bonillo V. Usability: A Critical Analysis and a Taxonomy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10447310903025552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Álvarez-Estévez D, Moret-Bonillo V. Fuzzy reasoning used to detect apneic events in the sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2008.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Fernández-Leal Á, Moret-Bonillo V, Mosqueira-Rey E. Causal temporal constraint networks for representing temporal knowledge. EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2007.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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