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Park SW, Kang J, Kim HS, Yoon S, Kim BS, Lim C, Lee D, Kim YH. Predicting prognosis through the discovery of specific biomarkers according to colorectal cancer lymph node metastasis. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3221-3233. [PMID: 37559990 PMCID: PMC10408476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent cancer worldwide, ranking as the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The presence or absence of lymph node metastases is one of the representative markers for predicting CRC prognosis, but often yields heterogeneous results. In this study, we conducted an integrative molecular analysis of CRC using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus. Through our analysis, we identified 372 upregulated genes that were differentially expressed in CRC patients. Additionally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed five significant pathways, including Hippo, FC-gamma, and forkhead box O signaling pathways, which are known to be associated with cancer. Survival analysis of 28 genes involved in these pathways led to the identification of 13 genes with prognostic significance (P < 0.05). To validate our findings, logistic regression models were generated and tested in multiple cohorts, demonstrating significant accuracy. Moreover, we identified six genes (BNIP3, CD63, RDX, RGCC, WASF1, and WASF3) whose combination predicted the best prognosis based on survival analysis. This predictive model holds promise as a potential biomarker for prognosis, survival, and treatment efficacy. In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the molecular characteristics of CRC and identifies prognostic biomarkers. The combination of differentially expressed genes and their involvement in cancer-related pathways enhances our understanding of CRC pathogenesis and opens avenues for personalized treatment approaches and improved patient outcomes.
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Song M, Hwang S, Son E, Yeo HJ, Cho WH, Kim TW, Kim K, Lee D, Kim YH. Geographical Differences of Risk of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis according to Urban/Rural Area: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies. J Urban Health 2023:10.1007/s11524-023-00735-w. [PMID: 37191813 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-023-00735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated an association between the risk asthma/allergic rhinitis and the environment. However, to date, no systematic review or meta-analysis has investigated these factors. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between urban/rural living and the risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis. We searched the Embase and Medline databases for relevant articles and included only cohort studies to observe the effects of time-lapse geographical differences. Papers containing information on rural/urban residence and respiratory allergic diseases were eligible for inclusion. We calculated the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using a 2 × 2 contingency table and used random effects to pool data. Our database search yielded 8388 records, of which 14 studies involving 50,100,913 participants were finally included. The risk of asthma was higher in urban areas compared to rural areas (RR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.12-1.44, p < 0.001), but not for the risk of allergic rhinitis (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.87-1.59, p = 0.30). The risk of asthma in urban areas compared to rural areas was higher in the 0-6 years and 0-18 years age groups, with RRs of 1.21 (95% CI, 1.01-1.46, p = 0.04) and 1.35 (95% CI, 1.12-1.63, p = 0.002), respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the risk of asthma between urban and rural areas for children aged 0-2 years, with a RR of 3.10 (95% CI, 0.44-21.56, p = 0.25). Our study provides epidemiological evidence for an association between allergic respiratory diseases, especially asthma, and urban/rural living. Future research should focus on identifying the factors associated with asthma in children living in urban areas. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021249578).
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Son H, Choi HS, Baek SE, Kim YH, Hur J, Han JH, Moon JH, Lee GS, Park SG, Woo CH, Eo SK, Yoon S, Kim BS, Lee D, Kim K. Shear stress induces monocyte/macrophage-mediated inflammation by upregulating cell-surface expression of heat shock proteins. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114566. [PMID: 36963359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of endothelial cells is associated with the accumulation of monocytes/macrophages underneath the surface of the arteries, where cells are prone to mechanical stimulation, such as shear stress. However, the impact of mechanical stimuli on monocytic cells remains unclear. To assess whether mechanical stress affects monocytic cell function, we examined the expression of inflammatory molecules and surface proteins, whose levels changed following shear stress in human THP-1 cells. Shear stress increased the inflammatory chemokine CCL2, which enhanced the migration of monocytic cells and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)- 1β at transcriptional and protein levels. We identified that the surface levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), HSP90, and HSP105 increased using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, which was confirmed by western blot analysis, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence. Treatment with HSP70/HSP105 and HSP90 inhibitors suppressed the expression and secretion of CCL2 and monocytic cell migration, suggesting an association between HSPs and inflammatory responses. We also demonstrated the coexistence and colocalization of increased HSP90 immunoreactivity and CD68 positive cells in atherosclerotic plaques of ApoE deficient mice fed a high-fat diet and human femoral artery endarterectomy specimens. These results suggest that monocytes/macrophages affected by shear stress polarize to a pro-inflammatory phenotype and increase surface protein levels involved in inflammatory responses. The regulation of the abovementioned HSPs upregulated on the monocytes/macrophages surface may serve as a novel therapeutic target for inflammation due to shear stress.
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Jo A, Kwak JH, Woo SY, Kim BY, Son Y, Choi HS, Kim J, Kwon M, Cho HR, Eo SK, Nam JH, Kim HS, Baryawno N, Lee D, Kim K. Oxime derivative TFOBO promotes cell death by modulating reactive oxygen species and regulating NADPH oxidase activity in myeloid leukemia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7519. [PMID: 35525902 PMCID: PMC9079095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several derivatives derived from the oxime structure have been reported as potential anticancer agents in various cancers. Here, we first tested a novel oxime-containing derivative of 2-((2,4,5-trifluorobenzyl)oxy)benzaldehyde oxime (TFOBO) to evaluate its anticancer effect in myeloid leukemic cells. Compared to (2-((2,4,5-trifluorobenzyl)oxy)phenyl)methanol (TFOPM), the oxime derivative TFOBO suppresses leukemic cell growth by significantly increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and cell death. Leukemic cells treated with TFOBO displayed apoptotic cell death, as indicated by nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, and annexin V staining. TFOBO increases Bax/Bcl2 levels, caspase9, and caspase3/7 activity and decreases mitochondrial membrane potential. ROS production was reduced by N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a ROS scavenger, diphenyleneiodonium chloride, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor, after exogenous TFOBO treatment. ROS inhibitors protect leukemic cells from TFOBO-induced cell death. Thus, our study findings suggest that TFOBO promotes apoptosis by modulating ROS and regulating NADPH oxidase activity. Collectively, the oxime-containing derivative TFOBO is a novel therapeutic drug for myeloid leukemia.
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Kim YK, Kwon EJ, Yu Y, Kim J, Woo SY, Choi HS, Kwon M, Jung K, Kim HS, Park HR, Lee D, Kim YH. Microbial and molecular differences according to the location of head and neck cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:135. [PMID: 35346218 PMCID: PMC8962034 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microbiome has been shown to substantially contribute to some cancers. However, the diagnostic implications of microbiome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain unknown. Methods To identify the molecular difference in the microbiome of oral and non-oral HNSCC, primary data was downloaded from the Kraken-TCGA dataset. The molecular differences in the microbiome of oral and non-oral HNSCC were identified using the linear discriminant analysis effect size method. Results In the study, the common microbiomes in oral and non-oral cancers were Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Selenomonas and Treponema and Clostridium and Pseudoalteromonas, respectively. We found unique microbial signatures that positively correlated with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in oral cancer and positively and negatively correlated KEGG pathways in non-oral cancer. In oral cancer, positively correlated genes were mostly found in prion diseases, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Salmonella infection, and Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection. In non-oral cancer, positively correlated genes showed Herpes simplex virus 1 infection and Spliceosome and negatively correlated genes showed results from PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Focal adhesion, Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, ECM-receptor interaction and Dilated cardiomyopathy. Conclusions These results could help in understanding the underlying biological mechanisms of the microbiome of oral and non-oral HNSCC. Microbiome-based oncology diagnostic tool warrants further exploration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02554-6.
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Yang J, Kim H, Shin K, Nam Y, Heo HJ, Kim GH, Hwang BY, Kim J, Woo S, Choi HS, Ko DS, Lee D, Kim YH. Molecular insights into the development of hepatic metastases in colorectal cancer: a metastasis prediction study. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 24:12701-12708. [PMID: 33378017 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202012_24168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer is presently the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. In this study, we identified molecular differences between hepatic and non-hepatic metastases in colorectal cancer and evaluated their prognostic significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS We downloaded primary data from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE6988, GSE62321, GSE50760, and GSE28722). To identify the molecular differences, we used the Significance Analysis of Microarray method. We selected nine prognostic genes (SYTL2, PTPLAD1, CDS1, RNF138, PIGR, WDR78, MYO7B, TSPAN3, and ATP5F1) with hepatic metastasis prediction score in colorectal cancer (hereafter referred to as LASSO Score). We confirmed the prognostic significance of the LASSO Score by using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, multivariate analysis, the time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) of Uno's C-index, and the AUC of the receiver operating characteristic curve at 1-5 years. RESULTS Survival analysis revealed that a high LASSO Score is associated with a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients with hepatic metastases (p = 0). Analysis of C-indices and AUC values from the receiver operating characteristic curve further supported this prediction by the LASSO Score. Multivariate analysis confirmed the prognostic significance of the LASSO Score (p = 1.13e-06). CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the biological mechanisms underlying hepatic metastases in colorectal cancer and will help in developing targeted therapies for colorectal cancer.
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Ha M, Son YR, Kim J, Park SM, Hong CM, Choi D, Kang W, Kim JH, Lee KJ, Park D, Han ME, Oh SO, Lee D, Kim YH. TEK is a novel prognostic marker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:1451-1458. [PMID: 30840266 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201902_17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer. However, effective therapeutics for ccRCC are lacking. Novel biomarkers could provide critical information when determining prognoses for patients with ccRCC. In this study, we sought to determine if the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase (TEK) could be a potential novel prognostic biomarker for ccRCC. TEK, originally identified as an endothelial cell-specific receptor, plays an important role in the modulation of vasculogenesis and remodeling. Altered TEK expression has been observed in tumor tissues (e.g., oral squamous cell carcinomas, leukemia) and breast, gastric and thyroid cancers. However, the role of TEK in ccRCC remains unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS Differential TEK expression between non-metastatic (stage M0) and metastatic (stage M1) ccRCC patient cohorts was determined from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). Furthermore, TEK expression was assessed as a prognostic factor using the time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) of Uno's C-index, the AUC value of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) at 5 years, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate analyses. RESULTS A Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that the downregulation of TEK expression was associated with a poor prognosis for patients with ccRCC with good discrimination (p<0.0001 and p=0.0044 for the TGCA and ICGC cohorts, respectively). Analyses of C-indices and receiver operating characteristic AUC values further support this discriminative ability. Moreover, multivariate analyses showed the prognostic significance of TEK expression levels (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although additional clinical investigations will be needed, our results suggest that TEK is a potential biomarker for ccRCC.
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Park JH, Lee NK, Lim HJ, Ji ST, Kim YJ, Jang WB, Kim DY, Kang S, Yun J, Ha JS, Kim H, Lee D, Baek SH, Kwon SM. Pharmacological inhibition of mTOR attenuates replicative cell senescence and improves cellular function via regulating the STAT3-PIM1 axis in human cardiac progenitor cells. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:615-628. [PMID: 32273566 PMCID: PMC7210934 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway efficiently regulates the energy state of cells and maintains tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of the mTOR pathway has been implicated in several human diseases. Rapamycin is a specific inhibitor of mTOR and pharmacological inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin promote cardiac cell generation from the differentiation of mouse and human embryonic stem cells. These studies strongly implicate a role of sustained mTOR activity in the differentiating functions of embryonic stem cells; however, they do not directly address the required effect for sustained mTOR activity in human cardiac progenitor cells. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of mTOR inhibition by rapamycin on the cellular function of human cardiac progenitor cells and discovered that treatment with rapamycin markedly attenuated replicative cell senescence in human cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs) and promoted their cellular functions. Furthermore, rapamycin not only inhibited mTOR signaling but also influenced signaling pathways, including STAT3 and PIM1, in hCPCs. Therefore, these data reveal a crucial function for rapamycin in senescent hCPCs and provide clinical strategies based on chronic mTOR activity.
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Ha M, Kim DW, Kim J, Hong CM, Park SM, Woo IA, Kim MY, Koo H, Namkoong J, Kim J, Han ME, Song P, Hur J, Kang CD, Kim YH, Lee D, Oh SO. Prognostic role of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2019; 23:365-369. [PMID: 31700702 PMCID: PMC6830282 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2019.1658638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) regulates the proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, migration, and metastasis of cancer cells. However, its function in the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is unknown. Here, we report that ADRB2 can be a novel prognostic factor for patients with ccRCC. The differential expression of ADRB2 in low-stage (stages I and II), high-stage (stages III and IV), low-grade (grades I and II), and high-grade (grades III and IV) ccRCC was identified in cohorts of patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the International Cancer Genome Consortium. We evaluated ADRB2 expression as a prognostic factor using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve, multivariate analysis, time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) of Uno’s C-index, and AUC of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) at five years. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that reduced ADRB2 expression is associated with poor prognosis in ccRCC patients. Analysis of C-indices and AUC-ROC further confirmed this result. Moreover, multivariate analysis confirmed the prognostic significance of ADRB2 expression. Collectively, these findings suggest that ADRB2 is a potential prognostic factor for ccRCC.
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Park SM, Kim J, Hong CM, Shin DH, Kim JY, Park DY, Sohn DH, Kim YH, Kwon SM, Kim JH, Bae SS, Kim K, Kim CD, Kang CD, Lee D. SIRT1 is dispensable for maturation of hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow niche. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2341-2345. [PMID: 31452717 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a histone deacetylase implicated in stem cell homeostasis. Conditional Sirt1 deletion in the hematopoietic stem and progenitor system promotes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) expansion under stress conditions. In addition, SIRT1 activators modulate the capacity and HSPC numbers in the bone marrow (BM). To investigate the role of SIRT1 in the BM niche, a conditional Sirt1 deletion in the BM niche was generated in a mouse model for the present study. Multicolor flow cytometric analyses were performed to determine HSC cell populations. Using 5-fluorouracil-induced proliferative stress, a survival curve was produced. In the present study, Sirt1 deletion in the BM niche demonstrated that the production of mature blood cells, lineage distribution within hematopoietic organs and frequencies of HSPC populations were comparable to those of controls. Additionally, Sirt1 deletion in the BM niche did not perturb HSC maturation under stress induced by transplantation. Therefore, these observations suggest that SIRT1 serves a dispensable role in HSC maturation in the BM niche.
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Kim J, Hong CM, Park SM, Shin DH, Kim JY, Kwon SM, Kim JH, Kim CD, Lim DS, Lee D. SURF4 has oncogenic potential in NIH3T3 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:43-47. [PMID: 29777698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
SURF4, which is located in the Surfeit gene cluster, encodes for a conserved integral membrane protein containing multiple putative transmembrane regions. However, the physiological role of SURF4 has not been determined. We found that SURF4 demonstrated aberrant amplification and increased expression in the tumor tissues of several human cancer patients. Overexpression of SURF4 led to increased cell proliferation, migration, and maintenance of anchorage-independent growth. In addition, NIH3T3 cells overexpressing SURF4 induced tumor growth in the mice. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that SURF4 has the potential for inducing cellular transformation and cell migration in vitro and has oncogenic transformation ability in vivo.
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Lee DH, Kim TS, Lee D, Lim DS. Mammalian sterile 20 kinase 1 and 2 are important regulators of hematopoietic stem cells in stress condition. Sci Rep 2018; 8:942. [PMID: 29343826 PMCID: PMC5772645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Hippo signaling pathway has been implicated in the self-renewal and differentiation of stem and progenitor cells. MST1 and MST2 (MST1/2) are core serine-threonine kinases in the Hippo signaling pathway, one of which, MST1, has been extensively investigated for its role in T cell and myeloid cell function. These studies have identified MST1 as a promising therapeutic target in immunological disease. However, the roles of MST1/2 in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function in vivo are not fully understood. Here, we report that mice with a conditional deletion of Mst1/2 exhibit impaired hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) function under stress condition. Furthermore, Mst1/2 deletion markedly altered mature cell output. Therefore, MST1/2 are indispensable for maintenance as well as function of stem and progenitor cells under steady state conditions and with transplantation stress.
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