Recurrent Hemoptysis in an Adult Patient With an Unfamiliar Cause

Most adult patients who experience recurrent hemoptysis have respiratory or coagulopathy-related causes and cardiac aetiology in very few cases. In this rare case of 56 years aged male patient who presented to us with chronic recurrent hemoptysis, Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) was the culprit aetiology, and he was successfully managed by minimal intervention.

Survival of left ventricular rupture post mitral valve replacement

A fatal and uncommon complication after mitral valve replacement is left ventricular (LV) rupture. We describe a case of a woman in her 40s with rheumatic heart disease and mitral regurgitation who underwent mitral valve replacement on cardiopulmonary bypass and experienced LV rupture but survived this catastrophe.

Cardiac Computed Tomography as a Diagnostic Modality for the Assessment of Complex Congenital Heart Disease Management

Here, we present a case of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return with the superior type of sinus venosus atrial septal defect. This case also had unusually persistent left-sided superior vena cava, which could not be diagnosed well in preoperative transthoracic echocardiography and required contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography scanning for proper diagnosing, operative planning, and avoidance of intraoperative problems. Postoperative, cardiac computed tomography scanning was also done to confirm adequate management.

Bilateral Extra-Cranial Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms in a Young Adult: A Rare Entity

Simultaneous bilateral aneurysms of the extra-cranial internal carotid artery (E-ICA) in a patient are one of the rarest lesions. Here, we report the case report of a 19‑year‑old male with bilateral E-ICA aneurysms. His left-sided, expanding aneurysm of E-ICA at skull base was successfully treated with surgical resection and interposition prosthetic graft placement. Successful surgical repair in this challenging field is safe and can be undertaken with an acceptable perioperative complication rate with excellent results.

Requirement of artificial intelligence technology awareness for thoracic surgeons

Background

We have recently witnessed incredible interest in computer-based, internet web-dependent mechanisms and artificial intelligence (AI)-dependent technique emergence in our day-to-day lives. In the recent era of COVID-19 pandemic, this nonhuman, machine-based technology has gained a lot of momentum.

Main body of the abstract

The supercomputers and robotics with AI technology have shown the potential to equal or even surpass human experts' accuracy in some tasks in the future. Artificial intelligence (AI) is prompting massive data interweaving with elements from many digital sources such as medical imaging sorting, electronic health records, and transforming healthcare delivery. But in thoracic surgical and our counterpart pulmonary medical field, AI's main applications are still for interpretation of thoracic imaging, lung histopathological slide evaluation, physiological data interpretation, and biosignal testing only. The query arises whether AI-enabled technology-based or autonomous robots could ever do or provide better thoracic surgical procedures than current surgeons but it seems like an impossibility now.

Short conclusion

This review article aims to provide information pertinent to the use of AI to thoracic surgical specialists. In this review article, we described AI and related terminologies, current utilisation, challenges, potential, and current need for awareness of this technology.

Retrieval of trapped and broken guide wire with immediate rescue off-pump coronary bypass surgery

The entrapment, fracture and dislodgement of diagnostic or therapeutic devices within the coronary circulation during a procedure are a rare complication occurring in 0.2-0.8% of cases. Despite technological improvements, this complication is still occurring because coronary angioplasty is often undertaken for complex anatomical situations. The complication of device fracture during the intervention procedure occurs due to entrapment, overcoiling and excessive traction of the guide wire. There has been no agreement as to whether and by which technique the immediate removal of the broken fragment of guide wire should be done. Here, we report a case of anterolateral myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. During the procedure, the guide wire was entrapped within the left anterior descending coronary artery. Despite many attempts, the wire could not be removed and even became fractured at the femoral insertion site; thus, urgent surgical removal of the wire with vessel grafting was done with a successful outcome. This gives a clear message about the importance of the ready availability of surgical backup and, particularly, the necessity for complex percutaneous interventions.