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Xiong L, Bin Zhou, Young JL, Wintergerst K, Cai L. Exposure to low-dose cadmium induces testicular ferroptosis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 234:113373. [PMID: 35272187 PMCID: PMC10858319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
As an environmental pollutant, cadmium (Cd) has been widely reported to induce male infertility due to its gonadotoxicity. However, the specific mechanism of Cd-induced testicular damage remains unclear. We investigated whether Cd causes testicular injury through ferroptosis. Male C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to 0, 0.5, or 5 ppm Cd via drinking water, starting in utero, and continuing through 24 weeks post-weaning. The results showed that Cd accumulated in the testes in a dose-dependent manner. Cd exposure at a concentration of 5 ppm, but not 0.5 ppm, caused a mass loss and detachment of germ cells, as well as a decreased meiotic index and testis weight. Exposure to 5 ppm Cd caused iron accumulation, increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitro tyrosine (3-NT), and decreased expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and SOD2. We also found that exposure to 5 ppm Cd significantly decreased the expression of SLC7A11, a marker of ferroptosis in mice, along with the expression of SLC40A1 mRNA and ferritin heavy chain (FTH) protein, whereas there was no obvious change in the mRNA expression of Tfrc, ZIP8, ZIP14, and NCOA4. These findings indicate that 5 ppm Cd exposure increased testicular ferroptosis, which may be attributed to the reduction of stored iron export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xiong
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Genetics, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jamie L Young
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kupper Wintergerst
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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2
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Zhou W, Young JL, Men H, Zhang H, Yu H, Lin Q, Xu H, Xu J, Tan Y, Zheng Y, Cai L. Sex differences in the effects of whole-life, low-dose cadmium exposure on postweaning high-fat diet-induced cardiac pathogeneses. Sci Total Environ 2022; 809:152176. [PMID: 34875320 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed the development of cardiac remodeling (hypertrophy or fibrosis) in mice with either post-weaning high-fat diet (HFD, 60% kcal fat) feeding or exposure to chronic low-dose cadmium. Here, we determined whether whole-life exposure to environmentally relevant, low-dose cadmium affects the susceptibility of offspring to post-weaning HFD-induced cardiac pathologies and function. Besides, we also determined whether these effects are sex-dependent. Male and female mice were exposed to cadmium-containing (0, 0.5, or 5 parts per million [ppm]) drinking water before breeding; the pregnant mice and dams with offspring continually drank the same cadmium-containing water. After weaning, the offspring were continued on the same regime as their parents and fed either a HFD or normal fat diet for 24 weeks. Cardiac function was examined with echocardiography. Cardiac tissues were used for the histopathological and biochemical (gene and protein expression by real-time PCR and Western blotting) assays. Results showed a dose-dependent cadmium accumulation in the hearts of male and female mice along with decreased cardiac zinc and copper levels only in female offspring. Exposure to 5 ppm, but not 0.5 ppm, cadmium significantly enhanced HFD cardiac effects only in female mice, shown by worsened cardiac systolic and diastolic dysfunction (ejection fraction, mitral E-to-annular e' ratio), increased fibrosis (collagen, fibronectin, collagen1A1), hypertrophy (cardiomyocyte size, atrial natriuretic peptide, β-myosin heavy chain), and inflammation (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), compared to the HFD group. These synergistic effects were associated with activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway and increased oxidative stress, shown by 3-nitrotyrosine and malondialdehyde, along with decreased metallothionein expression. These results suggest that whole-life 5 ppm cadmium exposure significantly increases the susceptibility of female offspring to HFD-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. The underlying mechanism and potential intervention will be further explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhou
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Jamie L Young
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA..
| | - Hongbo Men
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Haina Zhang
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Haitao Yu
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Qian Lin
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - He Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University (Eastern Division), Changchun 130031, China.
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Yang Zheng
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Xiong L, Zhou B, Young JL, Xu J, Wintergerst K, Cai L. Effects of whole-life exposure to low-dose cadmium with post-weaning high-fat diet on offspring testes in a male mouse model. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 353:109797. [PMID: 34998821 PMCID: PMC8862595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Although several studies have reported testicular impairments caused by cadmium (Cd) or obesity alone, the combined effect of Cd and obesity on the testes and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. We examined the combined effect of whole-life exposure to low-dose Cd started at preconception and post-weaning high-fat diet (HFD) on the testes of offspring mice. At weaning, male offspring parented with and without exposure to low-dose Cd were continued on the same drinking water regimen as their parents and fed with either a normal diet (ND) or HFD for 10 or 24 weeks. Whole-life exposure to Cd resulted in its accumulation in testes, and HFD induced obesity and lipid metabolism disorder. Exposure to Cd or HFD alone significantly decreased Johnsen scores, disrupted testicular structure, and increased germ cell apoptosis at both 10 and 24 weeks. However, co-exposure to Cd and HFD did not induce the toxic effects that were induced by either alone, as revealed by preserved testicular structure and spermatogenesis, lack of significant apoptosis, and increased cell proliferation. Mechanistically, the combined effects of low-dose Cd and HFD consumption were associated with the activation of the JAK/STAT pathway. These findings suggest that co-exposure to low-dose Cd and HFD did not cause Cd- or HFD-induced testicular injury, probably because of the activation of the JAK/STAT pathway to prevent germ cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xiong
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA,Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Corresponding author: Dr. Lu Cai, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, 570 S. Preston Street, Baxter I Building, Rm: 304F, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA, , Dr. Lijuan Xiong, Department of Emergency, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital, 122 Yang Ming Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China,
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Genetics, The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jamie L. Young
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kupper Wintergerst
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA,Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA,Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA,Corresponding author: Dr. Lu Cai, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, 570 S. Preston Street, Baxter I Building, Rm: 304F, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA, , Dr. Lijuan Xiong, Department of Emergency, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital, 122 Yang Ming Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China,
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Li Z, Guo H, Li J, Ma T, Zhou S, Zhang Z, Miao L, Cai L. Sulforaphane prevents type 2 diabetes-induced nephropathy via AMPK-mediated activation of lipid metabolic pathways and Nrf2 antioxidative function. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2469-87. [PMID: 32940670 DOI: 10.1042/CS20191088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) prevents diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) by up-regulating nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can attenuate the pathogenesis of DN by improving renal lipotoxicity along with the activation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidative signaling. Therefore, we investigated whether AMPKα2, the central subunit of AMPK in energy metabolism, is required for SFN protection against DN in T2D, and whether potential cross-talk occurs between AMPKα2 and Nrf2. AMPKα2 knockout (Ampkα2-/-) mice and wildtype (WT) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal diet (ND) to induce insulin resistance, followed by streptozotocin (STZ) injection to induce hyperglycemia, as a T2D model. Both T2D and control mice were treated with SFN or vehicle for 3 months. At the end of the 3-month treatment, all mice were maintained only on HFD or ND for an additional 3 months without SFN treatment. Mice were killed at sixth month after T2D onset. Twenty-four-hour urine albumin at third and sixth months was significantly increased as renal dysfunction, along with significant renal pathological changes and biochemical changes including renal hypertrophy, oxidative damage, inflammation, and fibrosis in WT T2D mice, which were prevented by SFN in certain contexts, but not in Ampkα2-/- T2D mice. SFN prevention of T2D-induced renal lipotoxicity was associated with AMPK-mediated activation of lipid metabolism and Nrf2-dependent antioxidative function in WT mice, but not in SFN-treated Ampkα2-/- mice. Therefore, SFN prevention of DN is AMPKα2-mediated activation of probably both lipid metabolism and Nrf2 via AMPK/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β/Src family tyrosine kinase (Fyn) pathways.
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Zhou B, Gentry A, Xu Q, Young JL, Yan X, Pagidas K, Yang Y, Watson WH, Kong M, Cai L, Freedman JH. Effects of cadmium and high-fat diet on essential metal concentration in the mouse testis. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:718-723. [PMID: 33889501 PMCID: PMC8047427 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of exposure to the environmental toxicant cadmium, in combination with obesity, on the metal content in mouse testis were evaluated. Starting in utero and continuing through to 10 or 24 weeks post-weaning, male mice were exposed to cadmium (0, 0.5 or 5 ppm), and fed either a low (LFD) or high fat diet (HFD) post-weaning. Testicular levels of cadmium and essential metals were determined 10 and 24 weeks post-weaning by ICP-MS. Similar to what has been previously observed in the liver, kidney, heart and brain, significant levels of cadmium accumulated in the testis under all exposure conditions. Additionally, HFD-fed animals accumulated more cadmium than did their LFD-treated counterparts. Both treatments affected essential metal homeostasis in the testis. These findings suggest that cadmium and obesity may compromise the reproductive potential in the male mouse by disrupting essential metal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, USA
- The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanchang University, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Genetics, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Adrienne Gentry
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, USA
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Jamie L. Young
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of LouisvilleSchool of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Xiaofang Yan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Kelly Pagidas
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, USA
| | - Yu Yang
- The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanchang University, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Genetics, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Walter H. Watson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of LouisvilleSchool of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Maiying Kong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of LouisvilleSchool of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Freedman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of LouisvilleSchool of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA
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Tan Y, Zhang Z, Zheng C, Wintergerst KA, Keller BB, Cai L. Mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy and potential therapeutic strategies: preclinical and clinical evidence. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:585-607. [PMID: 32080423 PMCID: PMC7849055 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-0339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and clinical features of diabetic cardiomyopathy have been well-studied in the past decade, but effective approaches to prevent and treat this disease are limited. Diabetic cardiomyopathy occurs as a result of the dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism associated with diabetes mellitus, which leads to increased oxidative stress and the activation of multiple inflammatory pathways that mediate cellular and extracellular injury, pathological cardiac remodelling, and diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Preclinical studies in animal models of diabetes have identified multiple intracellular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and potential cardioprotective strategies to prevent and treat the disease, including antifibrotic agents, anti-inflammatory agents and antioxidants. Some of these interventions have been tested in clinical trials and have shown favourable initial results. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and heart failure in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and we summarize the evidence from preclinical and clinical studies that might provide guidance for the development of targeted strategies. We also highlight some of the novel pharmacological therapeutic strategies for the treatment and prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, University of Louisville, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kupper A Wintergerst
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, University of Louisville, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bradley B Keller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, University of Louisville, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Jin S, Li J, Barati M, Rane S, Lin Q, Tan Y, Zheng Z, Cai L, Rane MJ. Loss of NF-E2 expression contributes to the induction of profibrotic signaling in diabetic kidneys. Life Sci 2020; 254:117783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
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Wang J, Wang S, Wang W, Chen J, Zhang Z, Zheng Q, Liu Q, Cai L. Protection against diabetic cardiomyopathy is achieved using a combination of sulforaphane and zinc in type 1 diabetic OVE26 mice. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6319-6330. [PMID: 31270951 PMCID: PMC6714218 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) can effectively induce nuclear factor E2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), and zinc (Zn) can effectively induce metallothionein (MT), both of which have been shown to protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, it is unclear whether combined treatment with SFN and Zn offers better cardiac protection than either one alone. Here, we treated 5‐week‐old OVE mice that spontaneously develop type 1 diabetes with SFN and/or Zn for 18 weeks. Cardiac dysfunction, by echocardiography, and pathological alterations and remodelling, shown by cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative damage, examined by histopathology, Western blotting and real‐time PCR, were observed in OVE mice. All these dysfunction and pathological abnormalities seen in OVE mice were attenuated in OVE mice with treatment of either SFN, Zn or SFN/Zn, and the combined treatment with SFN/Zn was better than single treatments at ameliorating DCM. In addition, combined SFN and Zn treatment increased Nrf2 function and MT expression in the heart of OVE mice to a greater extent than SFN or Zn alone. This indicates that the dual activation of Nrf2 and MT by combined treatment with SFN and Zn may be more effective than monotherapy at preventing the development of DCM via complementary, additive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqun Wang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shudong Wang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wanning Wang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Quan Liu
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Zhao Y, Song W, Wang L, Rane MJ, Han F, Cai L. Multiple roles of KLF15 in the heart: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 129:193-196. [PMID: 30831134 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Although there is an increasing understanding of the signaling pathways that promote cardiac hypertrophy, negative regulatory factors of this process have received less attention. Increasing evidence indicates that Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) plays an important role in maintaining cardiac function by controlling the transcriptional pathways that regulating cardiac metabolism. Recent studies have also revealed a vital role for KLF15 as an inhibitor of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis via its effects on factors such as myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and myocardin. KLF15 may therefore be an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we focus on the physiological and pathophysiological roles of KLF15 in the heart and the potential mechanisms through which KLF15 is regulated in various cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Lizhe Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Madhavi J Rane
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Fujun Han
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Wang W, Sun W, Cheng Y, Xu Z, Cai L. Role of sirtuin-1 in diabetic nephropathy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:291-309. [PMID: 30707256 PMCID: PMC6394539 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01743-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a research priority for scientists around the world because of its high prevalence and poor prognosis. Although several mechanisms have been shown to be involved in its pathogenesis and many useful drugs have been developed, the management of DN remains challenging. Increasing amounts of evidence show that silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (sirtuin-1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)–dependent protein deacetylase, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and development of DN. Clinical data show that gene polymorphisms of sirtuin-1 affect patient vulnerability to DN. In addition, upregulation of sirtuin-1 attenuates DN in various experimental models of diabetes and in renal cells, including podocytes, mesangial cells, and renal proximal tubular cells, incubated with high concentrations of glucose or advanced glycation end products. Mechanistically, sirtuin-1 has its renoprotective effects by modulating metabolic homeostasis and autophagy, resisting apoptosis and oxidative stress, and inhibiting inflammation through deacetylation of histones and the transcription factors p53, forkhead box group O, nuclear factor-κB, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and others. Furthermore, some microRNAs have been implicated in the progression of DN because they target sirtuin-1 mRNA. Several synthetic drugs and natural compounds have been identified that upregulate the expression and activity of sirtuin-1, which protects against DN. The present review will summarize advances in knowledge regarding the role of sirtuin-1 in the pathogenesis of DN. The available evidence implies that sirtuin-1 has great potential as a clinical target for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanning Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin Province China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
| | - Weixia Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin Province China
| | - Yanli Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin Province China
| | - Zhonggao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin Province China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, 570 S. Preston Str., Baxter I, Suite 304F, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
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11
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Rane MJ, Zhao Y, Cai L. Krϋppel-like factors (KLFs) in renal physiology and disease. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:743-750. [PMID: 30662001 PMCID: PMC6414320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated Krϋppel-like factor (KLF) gene expression appears in many disease-associated pathologies. In this review, we discuss physiological functions of KLFs in the kidney with a focus on potential pharmacological modulation/therapeutic applications of these KLF proteins. KLF2 is critical to maintaining endothelial barrier integrity and preventing gap formations and in prevention of glomerular endothelial cell and podocyte damage in diabetic mice. KLF4 is renoprotective in the setting of AKI and is a critical regulator of proteinuria in mice and humans. KLF6 expression in podocytes preserves mitochondrial function and prevents podocyte apoptosis, while KLF5 expression prevents podocyte apoptosis by blockade of ERK/p38 MAPK pathways. KLF15 is a critical regulator of podocyte differentiation and is protective against podocyte injury. Loss of KLF4 and KLF15 promotes renal fibrosis, while fibrotic kidneys have increased KLF5 and KLF6 expression. For therapeutic modulation of KLFs, continued screening of small molecules will promote drug discoveries targeting KLF proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi J Rane
- Department of Medicine, Division Nephrology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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12
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Cheng J, Li F, Wang G, Guo W, Huang S, Wang B, Li C, Jiang Q, Cai L, Cui J. Optimal LDR to Protect the Kidney From Diabetes: Whole-Body Exposure to 25 mGy X-rays Weekly for 8 Weeks Efficiently Attenuates Renal Damage in Diabetic Mice. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818789843. [PMID: 30210268 PMCID: PMC6130090 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818789843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore an optimal frequency of whole-body low-dose radiation (LDR) to protect the kidney from diabetes, type 1 diabetic mice were induced with multiple injections of low-dose streptozotocin in male C57BL/6J mice. Diabetic or age-matched normal mice received whole-body exposure to 12.5 or 25 mGy either every other day or weekly for 4 or 8 weeks. Diabetes decreased the urinary creatinine and increased the microalbumin in urine, renal accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal, and renal expression of collagen IV and fibronectin. All these renal pathological and functional changes in diabetic mice were significantly attenuated by exposure to LDR at all regimens. However, whole-body exposure of diabetic mice to 25 mGy weekly and to 12.5 mGy every other day for 8 weeks provided a better prevention of diabetic nephropathy than other LDR regimens. Furthermore, whole-body exposure to 25 mGy weekly for 8 weeks showed no detectable effect on the kidney of normal mice, but whole-body exposure to normal mice at 12.5 mGy every other day for 8 weeks increased urinary microalbumin and renal expression of collagen IV and fibronectin. These results suggest that whole-body exposure to LDR at 25 mGy weekly is the optimal condition of LDR to protect the kidney from diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengsheng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiying Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Brain Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Cai Li
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qisheng Jiang
- The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Zhang J, Weng W, Wang K, Lu X, Cai L, Sun J. The role of FGF21 in type 1 diabetes and its complications. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1000-1011. [PMID: 29989062 PMCID: PMC6036735 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.25026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Data from the International Diabetes Federation show that 347 million people worldwide have diabetes, and the incidence is still rising. Although the treatment of diabetes has been advanced, the current therapeutic options and outcomes, e.g. complications, are yet far from ideal. Therefore, an urgent need exists for the development of more effective therapies. Numerous studies have been conducted to establish and confirm whether FGF21 exerts beneficial effects on obesity and diabetes along with its complications. However, most of the studies associated with FGF21 were conducted in the patients with type 2 diabetes. Subsequently, the effect of FGF21 in the prevention or treatment of type 1 diabetes and its complications were also increasingly reported. In this review, we summarize the findings available on the function of FGF21 and the status of FGF21's treatment for type 1 diabetes. Based on the available information, we found that FGF21 exerts a hypoglycemic effect, restores the function of brown fat, and inhibits various complications in type 1 diabetes patients. Although these features are predominantly similar to those observed in the studies that showed the beneficial impact of FGF21 on type 2 diabetes and its complications, there are also certain distinct features and findings that may be of provide important and instructive for us to understand mechanistic insights and further promote the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Disorders, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatrics Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Wenya Weng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Ruian, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Pediatrics Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuemian Lu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Ruian, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatrics Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jian Sun
- The Center of Cardiovascular Disorders, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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14
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Lian X, Wang G, Zhou H, Zheng Z, Fu Y, Cai L. Anticancer Properties of Fenofibrate: A Repurposing Use. J Cancer 2018; 9:1527-1537. [PMID: 29760790 PMCID: PMC5950581 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death throughout the world, and cancer therapy remains a big medical challenge in terms of both its therapeutic efficacy and safety. Therefore, to find out a safe anticancer drug has been long goal for oncologist and medical scientists. Among clinically used medicines with no or little toxicity, fenofibrate is a drug of the fibrate class that plays an important role in lowering the levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides while elevating the levels of high-density lipoproteins. Recently, several studies have implied that fenofibrate may exert anticancer effects via a variety of pathways involved in apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, invasion, and migration. Given the great potential that fenofibrate may have anticancer effects, this review was to investigate all published works which directly or indirectly support the anticancer activity of fenofibrate. These studies provide evidence that fenofibrate exerted antitumor effects in several human cancer cell lines, such as breast, liver, glioma, prostate, pancreas, and lung cancer cell lines. Among these studies some have further confirmed the possibility and efficacy of fenofibrate anticancer in xenograft mouse models. In the last part of this review, we also discuss the potential mechanisms of action of fenofibrate based on the available information. Overall, we may repurpose fenofibrate as an anticancer drug in cancer treatment, which urgently need further and comprehensively investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lian
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University; 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University; 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University; 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zongyu Zheng
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University; 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yaowen Fu
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University; 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University; 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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15
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Park Y, Zhang J, Cai L. Reappraisal of metallothionein: Clinical implications for patients with diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes 2018; 10:213-231. [PMID: 29072367 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) are byproducts of cellular physiological processes of the metabolism of intermediary nutrients. Although physiological defense mechanisms readily convert these species into water or urea, an improper balance between their production and removal leads to oxidative stress (OS), which is harmful to cellular components. This OS may result in uncontrolled growth or, ultimately, cell death. In addition, ROS and RNS are closely related to the development of diabetes and its complications. Therefore, numerous researchers have proposed the development of strategies for the removal of ROS/RNS to prevent or treat diabetes and its complications. Some molecules that are synthesized in the body or obtained from food participate in the removal and neutralization of ROS and RNS. Metallothionein, a cysteine-rich protein, is a metal-binding protein that has a wide range of functions in cellular homeostasis and immunity. Metallothionein can be induced by a variety of conditions, including zinc supplementation, and plays a crucial role in mediating anti-OS, anti-apoptotic, detoxification, and anti-inflammatory effects. Metallothionein can modulate various stress-induced signaling pathways (mitogen-activated protein kinase, Wnt, nuclear factor-κB, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, sirtuin 1/AMP-activated protein kinase and fibroblast growth factor 21) to alleviate diabetes and diabetic complications. However, a deeper understanding of the functional, biochemical, and molecular characteristics of metallothionein is needed to bring about new opportunities for OS therapy. This review focuses on newly proposed functions of a metallothionein and their implications relevant to diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsoo Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hanyang University, College of Medicine and Engineering, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- The Center of Cardiovascular Disorders, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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16
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Lian X, Gu J, Gao B, Li Y, Damodaran C, Wei W, Fu Y, Cai L. Fenofibrate inhibits mTOR-p70S6K signaling and simultaneously induces cell death in human prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:70-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
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17
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Chen C, Lu C, Qian Y, Li H, Tan Y, Cai L, Weng H. Urinary miR-21 as a potential biomarker of hypertensive kidney injury and fibrosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17737. [PMID: 29255279 PMCID: PMC5735153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney biopsy is considered the golden criterion for diagnosing the etiology of kidney disease but accompanied by non-negligible complications. We explored the possibility of using urinary microRNA (miRNA) as a non-invasive biomarker for hypertensive kidney injury. We assessed differential miRNA expressions in the kidneys and urine of hypertensive mice with kidney injury induced by deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt compared to the controls. DOCA-salt treatment significantly increased renal tubular lesions from day 2 and mRNA expression of fibrosis-related genes from day 4 compared to the controls, respectively. Urinary albumin and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was significantly increased on day 8 compared to the controls. Array results showed that 20 out of 585 miRNAs were highly expressed in the kidneys and significantly increased on day 8 compared to the controls, including miR-21, miR-146b, miR-155 and miR-132, which were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and were significantly higher from day 4. The miR-21/creatinine in the urine from day 4 was significantly higher than that of the controls and was detected earlier than urinary albumin. In conclusion, we have identified urinary miR-21 that correlates with histopathological lesions and functional markers of kidney damage to facilitate a potential noninvasive detection for hypertensive kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Chen
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Pediatrics & Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaosheng Lu
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Pediatrics & Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Qian
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Pediatrics & Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Pediatrics & Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Pediatrics & Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Pediatrics & Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
| | - Huachun Weng
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Pediatrics & Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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18
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Zhao Y, Song W, Wang Z, Wang Z, Jin X, Xu J, Bai L, Li Y, Cui J, Cai L. Resveratrol attenuates testicular apoptosis in type 1 diabetic mice: Role of Akt-mediated Nrf2 activation and p62-dependent Keap1 degradation. Redox Biol 2017; 14:609-617. [PMID: 29154192 PMCID: PMC5975057 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a common complication in diabetic men, mainly due to the loss of germ cells by apoptotic cell death. However, effective and safe approaches to prevent diabetic induction of testicular apoptosis for diabetic patients have not been available. Resveratrol (RSV), a group of compounds called polyphenols from plants, has been indicated its promising used clinically for cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed determining whether RSV attenuates type 1 diabetes (T1D)-induced testicular apoptotic cell death in a mouse model. We found that testicular apoptosis and oxidative stress levels were significantly higher in T1D mice than control mice. In addition, the phosphorylation level of metabolism-related Akt and GSK-3β was downregulated and Akt negative regulators PTEN, PTP1B and TRB3 were upregulated in the T1D group. These effects were partially prevented by RSV treatment. Nrf2 and its downstream genes, such as NQO-1, HO-1, SOD, catalase and metallothionein were significantly upregulated by RSV treatment. In addition, RSV-induced Nrf2 activation was found due to Keap1 degradation, mainly reliant on p62 that functions as an adaptor protein during autophagy. These results indicate that the attenuation of T1D-induced testicular oxidative stress and apoptosis by RSV treatment was mainly related to Akt-mediated Nrf2 activation via p62-dependent Keap1 degradation. First evidence for the resveratrol (RSV) protection from T1D-induced male germ cell apoptosis. Nrf2 up-regulation and activation plays important role in RSV testis protection from diabetes. RVS activation of Nrf2 may be due to p62-dependent autophagic degradation of Keap1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zongqiang Wang
- Department of Medical Administration, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Jiancheng Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ling Bai
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, and Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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19
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Zhou S, Yin X, Jin J, Tan Y, Conklin DJ, Xin Y, Zhang Z, Sun W, Cui T, Cai J, Zheng Y, Cai L. Intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiomyopathy and its prevention by Nrf2 and metallothionein. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:224-239. [PMID: 28778483 PMCID: PMC7453314 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism for intermittent hypoxia (IH)-induced cardiomyopathy remains obscure. We reported the prevention of acute and chronic IH-induced cardiac damage by selective cardiac overexpression of metallothionein (MT). Herein we defined that MT-mediated protection from IH-cardiomyopathy is via activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a critical redox-balance controller in the body. For this, mice were exposed to IH for 3 days (acute) or 4 or 8 weeks (chronic). Cardiac Nrf2 and MT expression in response to IH were significantly increased acutely yet decreased chronically. Interestingly, cardiac overexpression (Nrf2-TG) or global deletion of the Nrf2 gene (Nrf2-KO) made mice highly resistant or highly susceptible, respectively, to IH-induced cardiomyopathy and MT expression. Mechanistically, 4-week IH exposure significantly decreased cardiac Nrf2 binding to the MT gene promoter, and thus, depressed both MT transcription and translation in WT mice but not Nrf2-TG mice. Likewise, cardiac MT overexpression prevented chronic IH-induced cardiomyopathy and down-regulation of Nrf2 likely via activation of a PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn-dependent signaling pathway. These results reveal an integrated relationship between cardiac Nrf2 and MT expression in response to IH -- acute compensatory up-regulation followed by chronic down-regulation and cardiomyopathy. Cardiac overexpression of either Nrf2 or MT offered cardioprotection from IH via complicated PI3K/Akt/GSK3B/Fyn signaling. Potential therapeutics may target either Nrf2 or MT to prevent chronic IH-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhou
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Xia Yin
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jingpeng Jin
- Endoscopy Center China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA; Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complication, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Weixia Sun
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Taixing Cui
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Yang Zheng
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA; Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complication, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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20
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Zhao Y, Cai L. Does Krüppel Like Factor 15 Play an Important Role in the Left Ventricular Hypertrophy of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes? EBioMedicine 2017; 20:17-18. [PMID: 28499925 PMCID: PMC5478200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Zhao
- Department of Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- The Pediatric Research Institute, The Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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21
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Wang S, Wang B, Wang Y, Tong Q, Liu Q, Sun J, Zheng Y, Cai L. Zinc Prevents the Development of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in db/db Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E580. [PMID: 28272348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Zinc is an important essential trace metal, whose deficiency is associated with various chronic ailments, including vascular diseases. We assessed T2DM B6.BKS(D)-Leprdb/J (db/db) mice fed for six months on a normal diet containing three zinc levels (deficient, adequate, and supplemented), to explore the role of zinc in DCM development and progression. Cardiac function, reflected by ejection fraction, was significantly decreased, along with increased left ventricle mass and heart weight to tibial length ratio, in db/db mice. As a molecular cardiac hypertrophy marker, atrial natriuretic peptide levels were also significantly increased. Cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy were accompanied by significantly increased fibrotic (elevated collagen accumulation as well as transforming growth factor β and connective tissue growth factor levels) and inflammatory (enhanced expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, caspase recruitment domain family member 9, and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10, and activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) responses in the heart. All these diabetic effects were exacerbated by zinc deficiency, and not affected by zinc supplementation, respectively. Mechanistically, oxidative stress and damage, mirrored by the accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, was significantly increased along with significantly decreased expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidants (NQO-1 and catalase). This was also exacerbated by zinc deficiency in the db/db mouse heart. These results suggested that zinc deficiency promotes the development and progression of DCM in T2DM db/db mice. The exacerbated effects by zinc deficiency on the heart of db/db mice may be related to further suppression of Nrf2 expression and function.
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22
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Wang S, Gu J, Xu Z, Zhang Z, Bai T, Xu J, Cai J, Barnes G, Liu QJ, Freedman JH, Wang Y, Liu Q, Zheng Y, Cai L. Zinc rescues obesity-induced cardiac hypertrophy via stimulating metallothionein to suppress oxidative stress-activated BCL10/CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1182-1192. [PMID: 28158919 PMCID: PMC5431126 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity often leads to obesity-related cardiac hypertrophy (ORCH), which is suppressed by zinc-induced inactivation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which zinc inactivates p38 MAPK to prevent ORCH. Mice (4-week old) were fed either high fat diet (HFD, 60% kcal fat) or normal diet (ND, 10% kcal fat) containing variable amounts of zinc (deficiency, normal and supplement) for 3 and 6 months. P38 MAPK siRNA and the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 were used to suppress p38 MAPK activity in vitro and in vivo, respectively. HFD activated p38 MAPK and increased expression of B-cell lymphoma/CLL 10 (BCL10) and caspase recruitment domain family member 9 (CARD9). These responses were enhanced by zinc deficiency and attenuated by zinc supplement. Administration of SB203580 to HFD mice or specific siRNA in palmitate-treated cardiomyocytes eliminated the HFD and zinc deficiency activation of p38 MAPK, but did not significantly impact the expression of BCL10 and CARD9. In cultured cardiomyocytes, inhibition of BCL10 expression by siRNA prevented palmitate-induced increased p38 MAPK activation and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) expression. In contrast, inhibition of p38 MAPK prevented ANP expression, but did not affect BCL10 expression. Deletion of metallothionein abolished the protective effect of zinc on palmitate-induced up-regulation of BCL10 and phospho-p38 MAPK. HFD and zinc deficiency synergistically induce ORCH by increasing oxidative stress-mediated activation of BCL10/CARD9/p38 MAPK signalling. Zinc supplement ameliorates ORCH through activation of metallothionein to repress oxidative stress-activated BCL10 expression and p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Junlian Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zheng Xu
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gregory Barnes
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Autism Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Qiu-Ju Liu
- Department of Hematology Disorders, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jonathan H Freedman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Wendy Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Zhang J, Feng Z, Wang C, Zhou H, Liu W, Kanchana K, Dai X, Zou P, Gu J, Cai L, Liang G. Curcumin derivative WZ35 efficiently suppresses colon cancer progression through inducing ROS production and ER stress-dependent apoptosis. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:275-288. [PMID: 28337376 PMCID: PMC5336501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is characterized by its fast progression and poor prognosis, and novel agents of treating colon cancer are urgently needed. WZ35, a synthetic curcumin derivative, has been reported to exhibit promising antitumor activity. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo activities of WZ35 and explored the underlying mechanisms in colon cancer cell lines. WZ35 treatment significantly decreased the cell viability associated with G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction in colon cancer cell lines. We also show that WZ35 is highly effective in inhibiting tumor growth in a CT26 xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, WZ35 treatment significantly induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in CT26 cells. Abrogation of ROS production by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) co-treatment almost totally reversed the WZ35-induced cell apoptosis and ER stress activation. Inhibition of p-PERK by GSK2606414 can significantly reverse WZ35-induced cell apoptosis in CT26 cells. Taken together, the curcumin derivative WZ35 exhibited anti-tumor effects in colon cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, via a ROS-ER stress-mediated mechanism. These findings indicate that activating ROS generation could be an important strategy for the treatment of colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Zhiguo Feng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Karvannan Kanchana
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xuanxuan Dai
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Junlian Gu
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Kosair Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics of The University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Kosair Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics of The University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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Cui J, Yang G, Pan Z, Zhao Y, Liang X, Li W, Cai L. Hormetic Response to Low-Dose Radiation: Focus on the Immune System and Its Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020280. [PMID: 28134809 PMCID: PMC5343816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The interrelationship between ionizing radiation and the immune system is complex, multifactorial, and dependent on radiation dose/quality and immune cell type. High-dose radiation usually results in immune suppression. On the contrary, low-dose radiation (LDR) modulates a variety of immune responses that have exhibited the properties of immune hormesis. Although the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood yet, LDR has been used clinically for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and malignant tumors. These advancements in preclinical and clinical studies suggest that LDR-mediated immune modulation is a well-orchestrated phenomenon with clinical potential. We summarize recent developments in the understanding of LDR-mediated immune modulation, with an emphasis on its potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Guozi Yang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zhenyu Pan
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Xinyue Liang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
- The Pediatric Research Institute, the Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Xu X, Sun J, Chang X, Wang J, Luo M, Wintergerst KA, Miao L, Cai L. Genetic variants of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 associated with the complications in Han descents with type 2 diabetes mellitus of Northeast China. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:2078-2088. [PMID: 27374075 PMCID: PMC5082403 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2) is essential for preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced complications in animal models. This case and control study assessed genetic variants of NFE2L2 for associations with T2DM and its complications in Han Chinese volunteers. T2DM patients with (n = 214) or without (n = 236) complications, or healthy controls (n = 359), were genotyped for six NFE2L2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs2364723, rs13001694, rs10497511, rs1806649, rs1962142 and rs6726395) with TaqMan Pre-Designed SNP Genotyping and Sequence System. Serum levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Informative data were obtained for 341 cases and 266 controls. Between T2DM patients and controls, the genotypic and allelic frequencies and haplotypes of the SNPs were similar. However, there was a significant difference in genotypic and allelic frequencies of rs2364723, rs10497511, rs1962142 and rs6726395 between T2DM patients with and without complications, including peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, foot ulcers and microangiopathy. Furthermore, HMOX1 levels were significantly higher in T2DM patients with complications than in controls. Multiple logistic regression analysis, however, showed that only rs2364723 significantly reduced levels of serum HMOX1 in T2DM patients for the GG genotype carriers compared with participants with CG+CC genotype. The data suggest that although NFE2L2 rs2364723, rs10497511, rs1962142 and rs6726395 were not associated with T2DM risk, they were significantly associated with complications of T2DM. In addition, only for rs2364723 higher serum HMOX1 levels were found in the T2DM patients with CG+CC than those with GG genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Nephropathy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaomin Chang
- Department of Nephropathy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Nephropathy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephropathy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kupper A Wintergerst
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, Kosair Children's Hospital, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephropathy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, Kosair Children's Hospital, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Zhao X, Li F, Sun W, Gao L, Kim KS, Kim KT, Cai L, Zhang Z, Zheng Y. Extracts of Magnolia Species-Induced Prevention of Diabetic Complications: A Brief Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1629. [PMID: 27669240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic complications are the major cause of mortality for the patients with diabetes. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been recognized as important contributors for the development of many diabetic complications, such as diabetic nephropathy, hepatopathy, cardiomyopathy, and other cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have established the anti-inflammatory and oxidative roles of bioactive constituents in Magnolia bark, which has been widely used in the traditional herbal medicines in Chinese society. These findings have attracted various scientists to investigate the effect of bioactive constituents in Magnolia bark on diabetic complications. The aim of this review is to present a systematic overview of bioactive constituents in Magnolia bark that induce the prevention of obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and diabetic complications, including cardiovascular, liver, and kidney.
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Wu H, Kong L, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Luo M, Tan Y, Chen X, Miao L, Cai L. Corrigendum to ''Metallothionein plays a prominent role in the prevention of diabetic nephropathy by sulforaphane via up-regulation of Nrf2'' [Free Radic. Biol. Med. 89 (2015) 431-42]. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:621. [PMID: 27460838 PMCID: PMC5559290 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lili Kong
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yanli Cheng
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yangwei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yi Tan
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325200, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325200, China.
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28
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Bai T, Wang F, Zheng Y, Liang Q, Wang Y, Kong J, Cai L. Myocardial redox status, mitophagy and cardioprotection: a potential way to amend diabetic heart? Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:1511-21. [PMID: 27433024 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the major cardiovascular complications in diabetes that increase the mortality of diabetic patients. Mechanisms underlying DCM have not been fully elucidated, hindering targeted design of effective strategies to delay or treat DCM. Mitochondrial dysfunction is recognized as the driving force for the pathogenesis of DCM; therefore, maintaining cardiac mitochondrial quality is crucial for DCM prevention. Mitophagy is the process by which cells degrade abnormal or superfluous mitochondria in order to correct mitochondrial dysfunction, improve mitochondrial quality and maintain cardiac homoeostasis. Although the roles of mitophagy in various cardiomyopathies have been suggested, it remains largely unknown how the process is regulated and whether it is altered in the diabetic heart. In this review, we summarize currently available studies that investigate mitophagy in the heart, including its pathways, features and protective roles in several situations, including DCM. Due to limited data about mitophagy in diabetic hearts, future studies are required to gain a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy in the heart and to develop mitophagy-based strategies for protecting the heart from diabetic injury.
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Wu H, Kong L, Tan Y, Epstein PN, Zeng J, Gu J, Liang G, Kong M, Chen X, Miao L, Cai L. C66 ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in mice by both upregulating NRF2 function via increase in miR-200a and inhibiting miR-21. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1558-1568. [PMID: 27115417 PMCID: PMC5260795 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Previously we reported that C66, a novel analogue of curcumin with a very high bioavailability, ameliorated diabetic nephropathy in mice, with little known about the mechanism. The present study aimed to define the mechanism by which C66 ameliorates diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Our aim was to discover whether C66 acts through the activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2 or NRF2), which governs the antioxidant response. Streptozotocin-induced Nrf2 (also known as Nfe2l2)-knockout and wild-type (WT) diabetic mice were treated with C66. To determine whether the actions of C66 on NRF2 are mediated by microRNA (miR)-200a, WT diabetic mice were treated with C66 in the presence or absence of an in vivo miR-200a inhibitor (locked nucleic acid-modified anti-miR-200a [LNA-200a]) for 6 months. To determine whether miR-21 downregulation provided an NRF2-independent basis for C66 protection, Nrf2-knockout diabetic mice were treated with either C66 or an inhibitor of miR-21 (locked nucleic acid-modified anti-miR-21 [LNA-21]). RESULTS Deletion of Nrf2 partially abolished diabetic nephropathy protection by C66, confirming the requirement of NRF2 for this protection. Diabetic mice, but not C66-treated diabetic mice, developed significant albuminuria, renal oxidative damage and fibrosis. C66 upregulated renal miR-200a, inhibited kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 and induced NRF2 function, effects that were prevented by LNA-200a. However, LNA-200a only partially reduced the protection afforded by C66, suggesting the existence of miR-200a/NRF2-independent mechanisms for C66 protection. C66 was also found to inhibit diabetes induction of miR-21. Both C66 and LNA-21 produced similar reductions in miR-21, albuminuria and renal fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The present study indicates that in addition to upregulating NRF2 by increasing miR-200a, C66 also protects against diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang St, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, People's Republic of China
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, 570 S Preston St, Baxter I., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Lili Kong
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, 570 S Preston St, Baxter I., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yi Tan
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, 570 S Preston St, Baxter I., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul N Epstein
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, 570 S Preston St, Baxter I., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jun Zeng
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, 570 S Preston St, Baxter I., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Junlian Gu
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, 570 S Preston St, Baxter I., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Maiying Kong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, SPHIS, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang St, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, 570 S Preston St, Baxter I., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Yang G, Li W, Jiang H, Liang X, Zhao Y, Yu D, Zhou L, Wang G, Tian H, Han F, Cai L, Cui J. Low-dose radiation may be a novel approach to enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapeutics. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:2157-68. [PMID: 27299986 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
It has been generally accepted that both natural and man-made sources of ionizing radiation contribute to human exposure and consequently pose a possible risk to human health. However, accumulating evidence has shown that the biological effects of low-dose radiation (LDR) are different from those of high-dose radiation. LDR can stimulate proliferation of normal cells and activate their defense systems, while these biological effects are not observed in some cancer cell types. Although there is still no concordance on this matter, the fact that LDR has the potential to enhance the effects of cancer therapeutics and reduce the toxic side effects of anti-cancer therapy has garnered significant interest. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the experimental data detailing the different responses of normal and cancer tissues to LDR, the underlying mechanisms, and its significance in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozi Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Department of Radiation-Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hongyu Jiang
- Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xinyue Liang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Huimin Tian
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Fujun Han
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. .,Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202.
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Wang S, Luo M, Zhang Z, Gu J, Chen J, Payne KM, Tan Y, Wang Y, Yin X, Zhang X, Liu GC, Wintergerst K, Liu Q, Zheng Y, Cai L. Zinc deficiency exacerbates while zinc supplement attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in high-fat diet-induced obese mice through modulating p38 MAPK-dependent signaling. Toxicol Lett 2016; 258:134-146. [PMID: 27346292 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity often leads to cardiovascular diseases, such as obesity-related cardiac hypertrophy (ORCH), in adulthood, due to chronic cardiac inflammation. Zinc is structurally and functionally essential for many transcription factors; however, its role in ORCH and underlying mechanism(s) remain unclear and were explored here in mice with obesity induced with high-fat diet (HFD). Four week old mice were fed on either HFD (60%kcal fat) or normal diet (ND, 10% kcal fat) for 3 or 6 months, respectively. Either diet contained one of three different zinc quantities: deficiency (ZD, 10mg zinc per 4057kcal), normal (ZN, 30mg zinc per 4057kcal) or supplement (ZS, 90mg zinc per 4057kcal). HFD induced a time-dependent obesity and ORCH, which was accompanied by increased cardiac inflammation and p38 MAPK activation. These effects were worsened by ZD in HFD/ZD mice and attenuated by ZS in HFD/ZS group, respectively. Also, administration of a p38 MAPK specific inhibitor in HFD mice for 3 months did not affect HFD-induced obesity, but completely abolished HFD-induced, and zinc deficiency-worsened, ORCH and cardiac inflammation. In vitro exposure of adult cardiomyocytes to palmitate induced cell hypertrophy accompanied by increased p38 MAPK activation, which was heightened by zinc depletion with its chelator TPEN. Inhibition of p38 MAPK with its specific siRNA also prevented the effects of palmitate on cardiomyocytes. These findings demonstrate that ZS alleviates but ZD heightens cardiac hypertrophy in HFD-induced obese mice through suppressing p38 MAPK-dependent cardiac inflammatory and hypertrophic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Junlian Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kristen McClung Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Yi Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Wendy Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xia Yin
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gilbert C Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kupper Wintergerst
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Wendy Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Quan Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Wendy Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Luo M, Luo P, Zhang Z, Payne K, Watson S, Wu H, Tan Y, Ding Y, Sun W, Yin X, Zhang X, Liu G, Wintergerst K, Miao L, Cai L. Zinc delays the progression of obesity-related glomerulopathy in mice via down-regulating P38 MAPK-mediated inflammation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1244-56. [PMID: 27028368 PMCID: PMC7218660 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity, particularly child obesity, is one of the most common public health problems in the world and raises the risk of end-stage renal disease. Zinc (Zn) is essential for multiple organs in terms of normal structure and function; however, effects of Zn deficiency or supplementation among young individuals with obesity have not been well studied. METHODS Weaned mice were fed high-fat diets (HFD) with varied contents of Zn (Zn deficient, adequate, and supplemented) for 3 or 6 months. This study examined associations between renal pathogenesis and dietary Zn levels, specifically assessing inflammatory pathways by utilizing P38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. RESULTS HFD feeding induced typical syndromes of obesity-related renal disorders, which worsened by Zn marginal deficiency. The progression of obesity-related renal disorders was delayed by Zn supplementation. HFD induced renal inflammation, reflected by increased P38 MAPK phosphorylation along with increases of inflammatory cytokines MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. P38 MAPK inhibition prevented renal pathological changes in mice fed with HFD and HFD/Zn deficiency. CONCLUSIONS P38 MAPK mediated the renal inflammatory responses, which played a central role in the pathogenesis of HFD-induced renal disorders. Zn could delay the progression of obesity-related kidney disease by down-regulating P38 MAPK-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kristen Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Sara Watson
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yi Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yushuang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Weixia Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinmin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gilbert Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kupper Wintergerst
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Kentucky, USA
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Cheng Y, Zhang J, Guo W, Li F, Sun W, Chen J, Zhang C, Lu X, Tan Y, Feng W, Fu Y, Liu GC, Xu Z, Cai L. Up-regulation of Nrf2 is involved in FGF21-mediated fenofibrate protection against type 1 diabetic nephropathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 93:94-109. [PMID: 26849944 PMCID: PMC7446394 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The lipid lowering medication, fenofibrate (FF), is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) agonist, possessing beneficial effects for type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN). We investigated whether FF can prevent the development of type 1 DN, and the underlying mechanisms. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in C57BL/6J mice. Mice were treated with oral gavage of FF at 100mg/kg every other day for 3 and 6 months. Diabetes-induced renal oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, lipid and collagen accumulation, and renal dysfunction were accompanied by significant decrease in PI3K, Akt, and GSK-3β phosphorylation as well as an increase in the nuclear accumulation of Fyn [a negative regulator of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)]. All these adverse effects were significantly attenuated by FF treatment. FF also significantly increased fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) expression and enhanced Nrf2 function in diabetic and non-diabetic kidneys. Moreover, FF-induced amelioration of diabetic renal damage, including the stimulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn pathway and the enhancement of Nrf2 function were abolished in FGF21-null mice, confirming the critical role of FGF21 in FF-induced renal protection. These results suggest for the first time that FF prevents the development of DN via up-regulating FGF21 and stimulating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn-mediated activation of the Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Cheng
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Cardiology at the People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Weiying Guo
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fengsheng Li
- The Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Weixia Sun
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian 325200, China
| | - Xuemian Lu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian 325200, China
| | - Yi Tan
- The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian 325200, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yaowen Fu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Gilbert C Liu
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Design and Support, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40204, USA
| | - Zhonggao Xu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian 325200, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Zhang J, Cheng Y, Gu J, Wang S, Zhou S, Wang Y, Tan Y, Feng W, Fu Y, Mellen N, Cheng R, Ma J, Zhang C, Li Z, Cai L. Fenofibrate increases cardiac autophagy via FGF21/SIRT1 and prevents fibrosis and inflammation in the hearts of Type 1 diabetic mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:625-41. [PMID: 26795437 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Fenofibrate (FF) as a commonly-used lipid-lowering medicine in clinics was examined for its potentially repurposing to prevent the cardiac abnormalities in patients with type 1 diabetes. We demonstrated here that fenofibrate significantly prevented diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)-dependent manner.
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Zhao Y, Kong C, Chen X, Wang Z, Wan Z, Jia L, Liu Q, Wang Y, Li W, Cui J, Han F, Cai L. Repetitive exposure to low-dose X-irradiation attenuates testicular apoptosis in type 2 diabetic rats, likely via Akt-mediated Nrf2 activation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 422:203-210. [PMID: 26704079 PMCID: PMC5278883 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether repetitive exposure to low-dose radiation (LDR) attenuates type 2 diabetes (T2DM)-induced testicular apoptotic cell death in a T2DM rat model, we examined the effects of LDR exposure on diabetic and age-matched control rats. We found that testicular apoptosis and oxidative stress levels were significantly higher in T2DM rats than in control rats. In addition, glucose metabolism-related Akt and GSK-3β function was downregulated and Akt negative regulators PTP1B and TRB3 were upregulated in the T2DM group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and catalase content were also found to be decreased in T2DM rats. These effects were partially prevented or reversed by repetitive LDR exposure. Nrf2 and its downstream genes NQO1, SOD, and catalase were significantly upregulated by repetitive exposure to LDR, suggesting that the reduction of T2DM-induced testicular apoptosis due to repetitive LDR exposure likely involves enhancement of testicular Akt-mediated glucose metabolism and anti-oxidative defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Chuipeng Kong
- The Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wan
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qiuju Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Fujun Han
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Wu H, Kong L, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Luo M, Tan Y, Chen X, Miao L, Cai L. Metallothionein plays a prominent role in the prevention of diabetic nephropathy by sulforaphane via up-regulation of Nrf2. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:431-42. [PMID: 26415026 PMCID: PMC4684781 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) prevents diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 1 diabetes via up-regulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). However, it has not been addressed whether SFN also prevents DN from type 2 diabetes or which Nrf2 downstream gene(s) play(s) the key role in SFN renal protection. Here we investigated whether Nrf2 is required for SFN protection against type 2 diabetes-induced DN and whether metallothionein (MT) is an Nrf2 downstream antioxidant using Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2-null) mice. In addition, MT knockout mice were used to further verify if MT is indispensable for SFN protection against DN. Diabetes-increased albuminuria, renal fibrosis, and inflammation were significantly prevented by SFN, and Nrf2 and MT expression was increased. However, SFN renal protection was completely lost in Nrf2-null diabetic mice, confirming the pivotal role of Nrf2 in SFN protection from type 2 diabetes-induced DN. Moreover, SFN failed to up-regulate MT in the absence of Nrf2, suggesting that MT is an Nrf2 downstream antioxidant. MT deletion resulted in a partial, but significant attenuation of SFN renal protection from type 2 diabetes, demonstrating a partial requirement for MT for SFN renal protection. Therefore, the present study demonstrates for the first time that as an Nrf2 downstream antioxidant, MT plays an important, though partial, role in mediating SFN renal protection from type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130041; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202
| | - Lili Kong
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130041; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202
| | - Yanli Cheng
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202; The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202; The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Yangwei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130041
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130041; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202
| | - Yi Tan
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202; Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, 325200
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130041.
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202; Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, 325200.
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Zhou S, Jin J, Bai T, Sachleben LR, Cai L, Zheng Y. Potential drugs which activate nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 signaling to prevent diabetic cardiovascular complications: A focus on fumaric acid esters. Life Sci 2015; 134:56-62. [PMID: 26044512 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its cardiovascular complications have been a major public health issue. These complications are mainly attributable to a severe imbalance between free radical and reactive oxygen species production and the antioxidant defense systems. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that controls the basal and inducible expression of a battery of antioxidant enzyme genes and other cyto-protective phase II detoxifying enzymes. As a result, Nrf2 has gained great attention as a promising drug target for preventing diabetic cardiovascular complications. And while animal studies have shown that several Nrf2 activators manifest a potential to efficiently prevent the diabetic complications, their use in humans has not been approved due to the lack of substantial evidence regarding safety and efficacy of the Nrf2 activation. We provide here a brief review of a few clinically-used drugs that can up-regulate Nrf2 with the potential of extending their usage to diabetic patients for the prevention of cardiovascular complications and conclude with a closer inspection of dimethyl fumarate and its mimic members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jingpeng Jin
- Endoscopy Center China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Leroy R Sachleben
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA.
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Xu Z, Cai L. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Role of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 84:10-2. [PMID: 25865396 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Cardiovascular Center at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Cardiovascular Center at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Zhang Z, Zhou S, Jiang X, Wang YH, Li F, Wang YG, Zheng Y, Cai L. The role of the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2015; 16:35-45. [PMID: 25540093 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-014-9305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key regulator of antioxidant signaling that may prevent the development of metabolic syndrome and related cardiovascular diseases. However, emerging evidence shows that lack of Nrf2 could ameliorate insulin resistance, adipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation. Consistent with this, overexpression of Nrf2 gene could also cause insulin resistance under certain conditions. Furthermore, an increasing number of studies indicate that redox balance can be a critical element that contributes to the contradictory effects of Nrf2 on insulin sensitivity and resistance. Reactive oxygen species can promote normal insulin-mediated signal transduction under physiological conditions but also induce insulin resistance under certain pathological conditions. Therefore, the contradictory effects of Nrf2 on insulin signaling pathways may be related to its regulation of redox homeostasis. This review attempts to summarize the latest developments in our understanding of the mechanisms of Nrf2-mediated signaling and its role in the modulation of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhang
- Departments of Cardiovascular Disorders, Gerontology & Radiation Oncology at the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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Jiang X, Chen J, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Tan Y, Feng W, Skibba M, Xin Y, Cai L. The protective effect of FGF21 on diabetes-induced male germ cell apoptosis is associated with up-regulated testicular AKT and AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α signaling. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1156-70. [PMID: 25560828 PMCID: PMC6285187 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic regulator that is required for normal spermatogenesis and protects against diabetes-induced germ cell apoptosis. Here, we tried to define whether diabetes-induced germ cell apoptosis that is predominantly due to increased oxidative stress was associated with impaired glucose and fatty acid metabolism, by examining the effects of Fgf21 gene knockout (FGF21-KO) or FGF21 treatment on the glucose and fatty acid metabolic pathways in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Western blottings revealed that protein kinase B (AKT)-mediated glucose signaling was down-regulated in diabetic testes and further decreased in FGF21-KO diabetic group both 10 days and 2 months after diabetes onset, reflected by reduced glycogen synthase (GS) kinase (GSK)-3β phosphorylation and increased GS phosphorylation. Deletion of the Fgf21 gene also inactivated fatty acid metabolism-related factors, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), along with exacerbating diabetes-induced testicular oxidative stress and damage. Treatment with recombinant FGF21 partially prevented these diabetic effects. In FGF21-KO nondiabetic mice, testicular AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α signaling was down-regulated and AKT1 and murine double minute 2 were inactivated along with the increased p53 expression but not AKT2, GSK-3β, and GS. These results suggest that the role of FGF21 in maintaining spermatogenesis is associated with its activation of AKT1 and inhibition of p53. Deletion of the Fgf21gene significantly exacerbates diabetes-induced down-regulation of testicular AKT/GSK-3β/GS and AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α pathways and testicular oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University (X.J., Z.Z.) and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology (Y.X.), Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics (X.J., J.C., Z.Z., Y.T., Y.X., L.C.), and Departments of Medicine (W.F.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology (Y.T., W.F., M.S., L.C.), University of Louisville, Louisville 40202; and Nursing School of Wenzhou Medical University (J.C.) and The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications (C.Z., Y.T., M.S., L.C.), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Liang T, Zhang Q, Sun W, Xin Y, Zhang Z, Tan Y, Zhou S, Zhang C, Cai L, Lu X, Cheng M. Zinc treatment prevents type 1 diabetes-induced hepatic oxidative damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cell death, and even prevents possible steatohepatitis in the OVE26 mouse model: Important role of metallothionein. Toxicol Lett 2015; 233:114-24. [PMID: 25617602 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Whether zinc is able to improve diabetes-induced liver injury remains unknown. Transgenic type 1 diabetic (OVE26) mice develop hyperglycemia at 3 weeks old; therefore therapeutic effect of zinc on diabetes-induced liver injury was investigated in OVE26 mice. Three-month old OVE26 and age-matched wild-type mice were treated by gavage with saline or zinc at 5mg/kg body-weight every other day for 3 months. Hepatic injury was examined by serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level with liver histopathological and biochemical changes. OVE26 mice at 6 months old showed significant increases in serum ALT level and hepatic oxidative damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress and associated cell death, mild inflammation, and fibrosis. However, all these hepatic morphological and functional changes were significantly prevented in 3-month zinc-treated OVE26 mice. Mechanistically, zinc treatment significantly increased hepatic metallothionein, a protein with known antioxidant activity, in both wild-type and OVE26 mice. These results suggest that there were significantly functional, structural and biochemical abnormalities in the liver of OVE26 diabetic mice at 6 months old; however, all these changes could be prevented with zinc treatment, which was associated with the upregulation of hepatic metallothionein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; The RuiAn Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Department of Endocrinology of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, RuiAn, Zhejiang 325200, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, The Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, The Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Weixia Sun
- The RuiAn Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Department of Endocrinology of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, RuiAn, Zhejiang 325200, China; The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ying Xin
- The RuiAn Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Department of Endocrinology of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, RuiAn, Zhejiang 325200, China; The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology of Ministry of Education at The Norman Bethune Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, The Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yi Tan
- The RuiAn Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Department of Endocrinology of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, RuiAn, Zhejiang 325200, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, The Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, The Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- The RuiAn Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Department of Endocrinology of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, RuiAn, Zhejiang 325200, China
| | - Lu Cai
- The RuiAn Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Department of Endocrinology of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, RuiAn, Zhejiang 325200, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, The Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Xuemian Lu
- The RuiAn Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Department of Endocrinology of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, RuiAn, Zhejiang 325200, China
| | - Mingliang Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China.
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Luo M, Wu H, Kong L, Xin Y, Cui W, Zhao Y, Wang J, Liang G, Miao L, Cai L. Novel curcumin analog C66 prevents diabetic nephropathy via JNK pathway with the involvement of p300/CBP-mediated histone acetylation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:34-46. [PMID: 25446993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis represent the key events in development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and fibronectin 1 (FN-1) playing important roles in these pathogenic processes. To investigate whether the plant metabolite curcumin, which exerts epigenetic modulatory properties when applied as a pharmacological agent, may prevent DN via inhibition of the JNK pathway and epigenetic histone acetylation, diabetic and age-matched non-diabetic control mice were administered a 3-month course of curcumin analogue (C66), c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor (JNKi, sp600125), or vehicle alone. At treatment end, half of the mice were sacrificed for analysis and the other half were maintained without treatment for an additional 3 months. Renal JNK phosphorylation was found to be significantly increased in the vehicle-treated diabetic mice, but not the C66- and JNKi-treated diabetic mice, at both the 3-month and 6-month time points. C66 and JNKi treatment also significantly prevented diabetes-induced renal fibrosis and dysfunction. Diabetes-related increases in histone acetylation, histone acetyl transferases' (HATs) activity, and the p300/CBP HAT expression were also significantly attenuated by C66 or JNKi treatment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that C66 and JNKi treatments decreased H3-lysine9/14-acetylation (H3K9/14Ac) level and p300/CBP occupancy at the CTGF, PAI-1 and FN-1 gene promoters. Thus, C66 may significantly and persistently prevent renal injury and dysfunction in diabetic mice via down-regulation of diabetes-related JNK activation and consequent suppression of the diabetes-related increases in HAT activity, p300/CBP expression, and histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangwei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lili Kong
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ying Xin
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenpeng Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Skibba M, Zhang C, Jiang X, Xin Y, Cai L. Preventive effect of non-mitogenic acidic fibroblast growth factor on diabetes-induced testicular cell death. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 49:136-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
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Pan Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Peng K, Li W, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhou S, Liu Q, Li X, Cai L, Liang G. Inhibition of JNK phosphorylation by a novel curcumin analog prevents high glucose-induced inflammation and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes 2014; 63:3497-511. [PMID: 24848068 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced inflammation and apoptosis have important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We recently found that a novel curcumin derivative, C66, is able to reduce the high glucose (HG)-induced inflammatory response. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects on diabetic cardiomyopathy and its underlying mechanisms. Pretreatment with C66 significantly reduced HG-induced overexpression of inflammatory cytokines via inactivation of nuclear factor-κB in both H9c2 cells and neonatal cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we showed that the inhibition of Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation contributed to the protection of C66 from inflammation and cell apoptosis, which was validated by the use of SP600125 and dominant-negative JNK. The molecular docking and kinase activity assay confirmed direct binding of C66 to and inhibition of JNK. In mice with type 1 diabetes, the administration of C66 or SP600125 at 5 mg/kg significantly decreased the levels of plasma and cardiac tumor necrosis factor-α, accompanied by decreasing cardiac apoptosis, and, finally, improved histological abnormalities, fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction without affecting hyperglycemia. Thus, this work demonstrated the therapeutic potential of the JNK-targeting compound C66 for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Importantly, we indicated a critical role of JNK in diabetic heart injury, and suggested that JNK inhibition may be a feasible strategy for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kesong Peng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixin Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology at the People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Quan Liu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Cai
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), as one of the major cardiac complications in diabetic patients, is known to related with oxidative stress that is due to a severe imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generation and their clearance by antioxidant defense systems. Transcription factor nuclear factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in maintaining the oxidative homeostasis by regulating multiple downstream antioxidants. Diabetes may up-regulate several antioxidants in the heart as a compensative mechanism at early stage, but at late stage, diabetes not only generates extra ROS and/or RNS but also impairs antioxidant capacity in the heart, including Nrf2. In an early study, we have established that Nrf2 protect the cardiac cells and heart from high level of glucose in vitro and hyperglycemia in vivo, and in the following study demonstrated the significant down-regulation of cardiac Nrf2 expression in diabetic animals and patients. Using Nrf2-KO mice or Nrf2 inducers, blooming evidence has indicated the important protection by Nrf2 from cardiac pathogenesis in the diabetes. Therefore, this brief review summarizes the status of studies on Nrf2's role in preventing DCM and even other complications, the need for new and safe Nrf2 inducer screening and the precaution for the undesirable side of Nrf2 under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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Zhang Z, Wang S, Zhou S, Yan X, Wang Y, Chen J, Mellen N, Kong M, Gu J, Tan Y, Zheng Y, Cai L. Sulforaphane prevents the development of cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetic mice probably by reversing oxidative stress-induced inhibition of LKB1/AMPK pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 77:42-52. [PMID: 25268649 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced cardiomyopathy is associated with cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, and remodeling. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate naturally presenting in widely consumed vegetables, particularly broccoli, plays an important role in cardiac protection from diabetes. We investigated the effect of SFN on T2DM-induced cardiac lipid accumulation and subsequent cardiomyopathy. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet for 3months to induce insulin resistance, followed by a treatment with 100mg/kg body-weight streptozotocin to induce hyperglycemia; we referred to it as the T2DM mouse model. Other age-matched mice were fed a normal diet as control. T2DM and control mice were treated with or without 4-month SFN at 0.5mg/kg daily five days a week. At the study's end, cardiac function was assessed. SFN treatment significantly attenuated cardiac remodeling and dysfunction induced by T2DM. SFN treatment also significantly inhibited cardiac lipid accumulation, measured by Oil Red O staining, and improved cardiac inflammation oxidative stress and fibrosis, shown by down-regulating diabetes-induced PAI-1, TNF-α, CTGF, TGF-β, 3-NT, and 4-HNE expression. Elevated 4-HNE resulted in the increase of 4-HNE-LKB1 adducts that should inhibit LKB1 and subsequent AMPK activity. SFN upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes, NQO1 and HO-1, decreased 4-HNE-LKB1 adducts and then reversed diabetes-induced inhibition of LKB1/AMPK and its downstream targets, including sirtuin 1, PGC-1α, phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, ULK1, and light chain-3 II. These results suggest that SFN treatment to T2DM mice may attenuate the cardiac oxidative stress-induced inhibition of LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway, thereby preventing T2DM-induced lipotoxicity and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Shudong Wang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA; The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Nicholas Mellen
- Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Maiying Kong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Junlian Gu
- Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA; Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA; The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA; The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Jiang X, Bai Y, Zhang Z, Xin Y, Cai L. Protection by sulforaphane from type 1 diabetes-induced testicular apoptosis is associated with the up-regulation of Nrf2 expression and function. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 279:198-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
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Liu Q, Wang S, Cai L. Diabetic cardiomyopathy and its mechanisms: Role of oxidative stress and damage. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 5:623-34. [PMID: 25422760 PMCID: PMC4234223 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy as an important threat to health occurs with or without coexistence of vascular diseases. The exact mechanisms underlying the disease remain incompletely clear. Although several pathological mechanisms responsible for diabetic cardiomyopathy have been proposed, oxidative stress is widely considered as one of the major causes for the pathogenesis of the disease. Hyperglycemia-, hyperlipidemia-, hypertension- and inflammation-induced oxidative stress are major risk factors for the development of microvascular pathogenesis in the diabetic myocardium, which results in abnormal gene expression, altered signal transduction and the activation of pathways leading to programmed myocardial cell deaths. In the present article, we aim to provide an extensive review of the role of oxidative stress and anti-oxidants in diabetic cardiomyopathy based on our own works and literature information available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases at the First Hospital of the Jilin University Changchun, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases at the First Hospital of the Jilin University Changchun, China ; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA ; Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, the University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA
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Wang Y, Zhou S, Sun W, McClung K, Pan Y, Liang G, Tan Y, Zhao Y, Liu Q, Sun J, Cai L. Inhibition of JNK by novel curcumin analog C66 prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy with a preservation of cardiac metallothionein expression. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1239-47. [PMID: 24714399 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00629.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of diabetic cardiomyopathy is attributed to diabetic oxidative stress, which may be related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. The present study tested a hypothesis whether the curcumin analog C66 [(2E,6E)-2,6-bis(2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene) cyclohexanone] as a potent antioxidant can protect diabetes-induced cardiac functional and pathogenic changes via inhibition of JNK function. Diabetes was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in male C57BL/6 mice. Diabetic and age-matched control mice were randomly divided into three groups, each group treated with C66, JNK inhibitor (JNKi, SP600125), or vehicle (1% CMC-Na solution) by gavage at 5 mg/kg every other day for 3 mo. Neither C66 nor JNKi impacted diabetic hyperglycemia and inhibition of body-weight gain, but both significantly prevented diabetes-induced JNK phosphorylation in the heart. Compared with basal line, cardiac function was significantly decreased in diabetic mice at 3 mo of diabetes but not in C66- or JNKi-treated diabetic mice. Cardiac fibrosis, oxidative damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cell apoptosis, examined by Sirius red staining, Western blot, and thiobarbituric acid assay, were also significantly increased in diabetic mice, all which were prevented by C66 or JNKi treatment under diabetic conditions. Cardiac metallothionein expression was significantly decreased in diabetic mice but was almost normal in C66- or JNKi-treated diabetic mice. These results suggest that, like JNKi, C66 is able to prevent diabetic upregulation of JNK function, resulting in a prevention of diabetes-induced cardiac fibrosis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cell death, along with a preservation of cardiac metallothionein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Wanqing Sun
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kristen McClung
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Yong Pan
- The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; and
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Quan Liu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Sun
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; and
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Sun W, Miao X, Zhou S, Zhang L, Epstein PN, Mellen N, Zheng Y, Fu Y, Wang Y, Cai L. Zinc rescue of Akt2 gene deletion-linked murine cardiac dysfunction and pathological changes is metallothionein-dependent. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 74:88-97. [PMID: 24819347 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that zinc supplementation provides cardiac protection from diabetes in mice, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Since zinc mimics the function of insulin, it may provide benefit to the heart via stimulating Akt-mediated glucose metabolism. Akt2 plays an important role in cardiac glucose metabolism and mice with Akt2 gene deletion (Akt2-KO) exhibit a type 2 diabetes phenotype; therefore, we assumed that no cardiac protection by zinc supplementation from diabetes would be observed in Akt2-KO mice. Surprisingly, despite Akt2 gene deletion, zinc supplementation provided protection against cardiac dysfunction and other pathological changes in Akt2-KO mice, which were accompanied by significant decreases in Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation. Correspondingly, glycogen synthase phosphorylation and hexokinase II and PGC-1α expression, all involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism, were significantly altered in diabetic hearts, along with a significantly increased expression of Akt negative regulators: PTEN, PTP1B, and TRB3. All these molecular, pathological, and functional changes were significantly prevented by 3-month zinc supplementation. Furthermore, the stimulation of Akt-mediated glucose metabolic kinases or enzymes by zinc treatment was metallothionein-dependent since it could not be observed in metallothionein-knockout mice. These results suggest that zinc preserves cardiac function and structure in Akt2-KO mice presumably due to its insulin mimetic effect on cardiac glucose-metabolism. The cardioprotective effects of zinc are metallothionein-dependent. This is very important since zinc supplementation may be required for patients with Akt2 gene deficiency or insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Sun
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin 130021, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xiao Miao
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin 130021, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Paul N Epstein
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Nicholas Mellen
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yang Zheng
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yaowen Fu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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