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Venugopal R, Sharma N, Sen S, Mohanty S, Kashyap S, Agarwal T, Kaur J, Vajpayee RB. Prognostic significance of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in COMET operated chronic ocular Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:187-194. [PMID: 34362775 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] [Imported: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular pathogenesis underlying persistent ocular surface inflammation in chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) still remains largely unexplored. The present study investigates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP3, MMP9, MMP11 and TIMP1 (tissue inhibittor of matrix metalloproteinase 1) in pannus tissues of chronic ocular SJS undergoing cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET) and their prognostic relevance. METHODS In this prospective study, 45 eyes with chronic SJS underwent COMET for visual and anatomical rehabilitation. Preoperative and postoperative clinical parameters were documented. MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MMP11 and TIMP1 expression were assessed using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real time PCR. Inflammadry MMP9 assay was performed at 1-year follow-up. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to correlate protein expression with clinicopathological parameters and COMET graft survival outcomes. RESULTS MMP9 and MMP11 positivity was seen in both pannus epithelia (48% and 55%, respectively) and in stromal layer (57% and 33%, respectively) while MMP2 and MMP3 showed only pannus epithelial positivity in 35% and 51% cases, respectively. High MMP9 stromal expression was significantly associated with preoperative corneal keratinisation (p=0.011), conjunctival hyperaemia (p=0.014), symblepharon (p=0.028). High MMP9 and MMP3 epithelial expression were found to be independent risk factors for poor best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) outcomes post-COMET (p=0.022 and p=0.048). Multivariate analysis revealed MMP9 to be the best prognostic marker (p=0.050). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that differential expression of MMPs and TIMP1 is seen in SJS in chronic stage. Emergence of MMP9 as a poor prognostic predictor of BCVA post COMET and postoperative MMP9 immunoassay positivity could be a useful tool in further studies to understand the unresolved ocular surface inflammation seen in SJS.
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Sharma R, Jamwal M, Senee H, Kaur J, Kumar N, Arora A, Gainder S, Ahluwalia J, Das R. Prenatal diagnosis for hemophilia A (intron 22 inversion) reveals a rare association with Klinefelter syndrome with diagnostic difficulties in molecular interpretation. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2023; 34:82-83. [PMID: 36165062 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] [Imported: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by genetic abnormalities in the F8 . Klinefelter syndrome is sex chromosome aneuploidy caused by nondisjunction during meiosis in the germ cells or mitotic cell divisions in the early embryonic cells. We here report an intriguing case of a prenatal diagnosis where a rare association of hemophilia A and Klinefelter syndrome was found in a fetus. This case highlights the diagnostic difficulty where the inverse-PCR for intron 22 inversion defect leading to hemophilia A did not amplify. Indirect molecular testing was done using multiallelic extragenic variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) DXS52 (St14) and polymorphic markers. The interpretation was further complicated by the presence of Klinefelter syndrome. This case highlights the challenges faced when such rare combinations are found during prenatal diagnosis.
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The protective role of HSP27 in ocular diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5107-5115. [PMID: 35212927 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] [Imported: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are stress-induced proteins that are important constituents of the cell's defense system. The activity of HSPs enhances when the cell undergoes undesirable environmental conditions like stress. The protective roles of HSPs are due to their molecular chaperone and anti-apoptotic functions. HSPs have a central role in the eye, and their malfunction has been associated with the manifestation of ocular diseases. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27, HSPB1) is present in various ocular tissues, and it has been found to protect the eye from disease states such as retinoblastoma, uveal melanoma, glaucoma, and cataract. But some recent studies have shown the destructive role of HSP27 on retinal ganglionic cells. Thus, this article summarizes the role of heat shock protein 27 in eye and ocular diseases and will focus on the expression, regulation, and function of HSP27 in ocular complications.
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Nafees S, Akhtar J, Kaur J. Indian traditional medicinal plants in ophthalmic diseases. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2022; 12:566-575. [PMID: 36583172 PMCID: PMC9768859 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2022.20345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective Traditional herbal plants have been in use since ancient times to treat ophthalmic conditions; so, the aim of this study is to evaluate some potent Indian traditional medicinal plants used in ophthalmic diseases in order to summarize their potential effect in ophthalmology along with their mechanism of action. Materials and Methods Databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase were extensively explored. Additionally, relevant textbooks and literatures were consulted to summarize most of the considerable scientific literature for the review. Search term included ophthalmology, glaucoma, cataract, trachoma, conjunctivitis, traditional medicines, Unani drugs, and ayurvedic drugs were used. Around 80 review articles were consulted from the year 1982 to 2021. Results The traditional medicinal plants are easily available, cost-effective and have no associated side effects in comparison to current conventional treatments. Moreover, these drugs in oppose to modern medicine, have an inherent potential to accelerate the body's own immunity to fight against any infection. A large volume of scientific studies has reported the beneficial effects of traditional drugs in ophthalmology. Conclusion This review, therefore, describes the potential benefits and uses of some traditional medicinal plants used in ophthalmic diseases.
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Sooraj K, Kumar S, Kumar A, Bajaj MS, Kaur J. The mouse double minute 2 309T>G polymorphism and retinoblastoma risk: A meta-analysis. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2021; 34:191-194. [PMID: 34085012 PMCID: PMC8081075 DOI: 10.4103/1319-4534.310402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MDM2 gene. It is expressed in retinoblastoma (Rb) cells and acts as a key negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Several studies have investigated the association of Rb with MDM2 309T>G polymorphism, but the results were conflicting. To derive a more precise estimation of the association, we performed a meta-analysis of the relationship between MDM2 309T>G polymorphism with Rb in all published studies. METHODS: Published literature from PubMed and other databases were retrieved. All the reported studies evaluating the association between MDM2 309T>G polymorphism and Rb risk were included. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the fixed-effect model. A total of four case–control studies, including 520 cases and 745 controls were included. RESULTS: This meta-analysis found that MDM2 309T>G polymorphism was significantly associated with Rb risk in the dominant model, TG+GG versus TT (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.11–1.84, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: The present meta-analysis suggested that MDM2 309T>G polymorphism has a significant association with increased Rb risk.
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Chaudhry C, G P, Srivastava P, Das R, Kaur J, Panigrahi I, Kaur A. Achondroplasia-First Report from India of a Rare FGFR3 Gene Variant. Lab Med 2021; 52:499-502. [PMID: 33511985 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] [Imported: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical manifestations of FGFR3 sequence variations can vary from mild unnoticed short stature to neonatal lethal dwarfism and can be causative of phenotypes including achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia, and thanatophoric dysplasia. Clinical data describe an 11 month old girl with restricted growth and preserved intellect. She had rhizomelic short stature with peculiar facies but no Acanthosis nigricans. In view of the absence of the hotspot mutation c.1138 G>A/G>C (p.Gly380Arg), complete gene sequencing was done that revealed a rare sequence variation, NM_000142.4:c.1043C>G (p.Ser348Cys) in FGFR3. This sequence variation has not been reported from India so far. This report emphasizes the benefit of sequencing the whole gene in individuals who are negative for hotspot mutation of achondroplasia with strong clinical suspicion.
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Jamwal M, Kaur J, Chhabra S, Trehan A, Sharma P, Das R. De novohaemoglobin sabine masquerading as double heterozygosity for HbQ-India and β-thalassemia trait: first report from South Asia. Clin Mol Pathol 2020; 73:236-238. [PMID: 32034056 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] [Imported: 09/20/2023]
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DNA damage response proteins and its role in tumor progression of uveal melanoma with patient outcome. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:1472-1480. [PMID: 32124242 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] [Imported: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of DNA damage response (DDR) proteins is poorly understood in uveal melanoma. ATR belongs to one of those proteins that induce DDR by arresting the cell cycle which leads to DNA repair. ATR is localized at position 23 on the same chromosome 3 where BAP1 is located at position 21.1 which is a known poor prognostic marker of UM. The aim of our study is to detect the expression of ATR at the protein and RNA levels and determine its prognostic significance. METHODS Expression of nuclear ATR was investigated on sixty-nine UM patients. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded choroidal melanoma samples were taken to evaluate the expression of ATR. Fifty samples were also validated by real-time PCR. Results of both protein and mRNA were then correlated with clinicopathological parameters. To determine the prognostic significance, Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS Loss of ATR protein was seen in 72% cases which was statistically significant with epithelioid cell type (p = 0.005), tumor thickness (p = 0.016), mitotic figures (p = 0.001) and BAP1 loss (p < 0.001). At the transcriptional level loss of ATR was seen in 76% cases which were statistically significant with metastasis (p = 0.046), staging (0.044) and loss of BAP1 (p = 0.022). On multivariate analysis loss of ATR and tumor staging came out to be independent prognostic parameters. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that ATR might serve as a potential prognostic marker in UM patients and could serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Basu K, Maurya N, Kaur J, Saxena R, Gupta V, Sihota R, Ghosh I. Possible role of differentially expressing novel protein markers (ligatin and fibulin-7) in human aqueous humor and trabecular meshwork tissue in glaucoma progression. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:820-834. [PMID: 30958601 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] [Imported: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The pathological mechanism underlying glaucoma has always been a complex aspect of this permanently blinding disease but proteomic studies have been helpful in elucidating it to a great extent in several studies. This study was designed to evaluate the expression and to get an idea about the function of two novel markers (ligatin and fibulin-7) identified in human aqueous humor (hAH) in relation to glaucomatous progression. A significant increase in the protein content of glaucomatous hAH compared to that of non-glaucomatous controls (NG-Ctrls) was observed. Ligatin, fibulin-7, and its proteolysis were revealed in hAH of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and NG-Ctrls. Quantification confirmed no significant difference in expression of ligatin, whereas fibulin-7 was significantly (P < 0.05) low in hAH of PACG in comparison to NG-Ctrls and POAG. Importantly the immunohistochemical assay for both indicated their possible involvement in the maintenance of the appropriate structure of TM in vivo. Since oxidative stress is a major contributor to glaucomatous pathogenesis, in vitro analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions indicated intracellular changes in localization and expression of ligatin upon oxidative insult of human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. While no such changes were found for fibulin-7 expression. This was also corroborated with the immunocytochemical assay. Though a study with a small sample size, this is the first report which confirms the presence of ligatin and fibulin-7 in hAH, quantified their differential expression, and indicated the possibility of their involvement in the maintenance of the TM structure.
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Singh MK, Singh L, Pushker N, Saini N, Meel R, Chosdol K, Bakhshi S, Sen S, Venkatesh P, Chawla B, Kaur J, Kashyap S. Identification of canonical NFκB (C-NFκB) pathway in uveal melanoma and their relation with patient outcome. Clin Exp Metastasis 2019; 36:271-290. [PMID: 31069565 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09969-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] [Imported: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation in uveal melanoma (UM) is linked to a bad prognosis. It is rare type of cancer, of which the metastases are usually fatal within a year. Infiltration with an inflammatory infiltrate increases with disease progression but does not seem to inhibit metastasis. The Canonical NFκB (C-NFκB) pathway is known to play a crucial role in tumor inflammation. We therefore, studied the expression of canonical NFκB proteins and their prognostic relevance in UM. Our study evaluated the expression of C-NFκB proteins (p65, p50, and c-Rel) by using immunohistochemistry on sections from 75 formalin-fixed UM. Activation of the NFκB subunit was determined on fresh tumor specimens by measuring the DNA-binding activity in nuclei using an NFκB ELISA assay. Real-time PCR was performed on frozen material on 58 tumors. The presence of native C-NFκB heterodimers (p65/p50 and c-Rel/p50) was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting. We observed a high nuclear immunoreactivity of p65, p50, and c-Rel proteins in 54, 60 and 41% UM cases, respectively. Expression of C-NFκB proteins significantly correlated with parameters which are related to the inflammatory environment of UM. Nuclear immunoreactivity of p65 and p50 was associated with lower patient survival (p = 0.041; p = 0.048) while c-Rel was not. Our finding reveals that C-NFκB proteins expressed are more often in UM with inflammation than those without inflammation. Activation of the canonical NFκB pathway is more frequent in high risk UM patients. These observations might help to understand the behaviour of high risk tumors, with upregulation of C-NFκB proteins contributing to tumor aggressiveness.
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Gupta O, Chhabra S, Kaur J, Das R, Bansal D, Malhotra P, Sharma P. Unusual C- and A2-Window Peaks (Hemoglobin M-Saskatoon) in Three North Indian Patients. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2019; 35:196-198. [PMID: 30828177 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-018-1025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] [Imported: 09/20/2023] Open
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Mahajan R, Vellarikkal SK, Handa S, Verma A, Jayarajan R, Kumar A, De D, Kaur J, Panigrahi I, Vineeth VS, Sivasubbu S, Scaria V. Utility of whole-exome sequencing in detecting novel compound heterozygous mutations in COL7A1 among families with severe recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa in India - implications on diagnosis, prognosis and prenatal testing. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:e433-e435. [PMID: 29512197 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] [Imported: 09/20/2023]
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Rani N, Jamwal M, Kaur J, Sharma P, Malhotra P, Maitra A, Singh R, Das R. Homozygous KLF1 mutation c.901C>T (p.Arg301Cys) resulting in mild thalassemia intermedia in an Indian: A next-generation sequencing diagnosis. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2018; 72:19-21. [PMID: 29980343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] [Imported: 09/20/2023]
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Nair S, Vanathi M, Mahapatra M, Seth T, Kaur J, Velpandian T, Ravi A, Titiyal JS, Tandon R. Tear inflammatory mediators and protein in eyes of post allogenic hematopoeitic stem cell transplant patients. Ocul Surf 2018; 16:352-367. [PMID: 29723628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] [Imported: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM To analyze tear cytokines levels and their correlation to ocular surface parameters in allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (allo-HSCT) patients. METHODS Prospective longitudinal study of allo-HSCT patients and controls for ocular surface evaluation (OSDI, TBUT, Schirmer's test, staining scores), tear biochemical analysis for protein, cytokines [IL-10, IL-12, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, VEGF], MMPs [MMP 2, 9, 7, 13, 10 and chemokine (IL-8)], & VEGF on three consecutive follow up visits (at three monthly interval) was done. RESULTS Of 24 post allo-HSCT patients (19 males, 5 females) & 12 controls (mean age 34.3 + 5.8 years) enrolled, 20 patients [mean age 33.4 + 7.77 years; mean time of recruitment of 5.2 + 2.12 months following alloHSCT] who completed three consecutive follow up visits were included for analysis. Ocular GVHD (oGVHD) was seen in 8 patients (33.3%). Tears biochemical analysis showed elevated levels of interferon γ, IL 6, IL 8, IL 10, IL 12AP70, IL 17A, MMP 9 and VEGF in oGVHD eyes as compared to non-oGVHD & control eyes. Non-oGVHD eyes showed elevated tear MMP 7 and MMP 9 as compared to healthy controls. Tear protein levels were significantly decreased in oGVHD eyes and were equivocal in nonGVHD and control eyes. TBUT and ocular staining scores to correlate best with tear interleukins and MMPs. CONCLUSION Evaluation of levels of tear VEGF, total protein & MMP 9 can be of significance in identifying oGVHD in post alloHSCT patients.
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Kaur I, Kaur J, Sooraj K, Goswami S, Saxena R, Chauhan VS, Sihota R. Comparative evaluation of the aqueous humor proteome of primary angle closure and primary open angle glaucomas and age-related cataract eyes. Int Ophthalmol 2018; 39:69-104. [PMID: 29332228 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] [Imported: 09/20/2023]
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Gupta V, Somarajan BI, Walia GK, Kaur J, Kumar S, Gupta S, Chaurasia AK, Gupta D, Kaushik A, Mehta A, Gupta V, Sharma A. Role of CYP1B1, p.E229K and p.R368H mutations among 120 families with sporadic juvenile onset open-angle glaucoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 256:355-362. [PMID: 29168043 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] [Imported: 09/20/2023] Open
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Shukla S, Srivastava A, Kumar S, Singh U, Goswami S, Chawla B, Bajaj MS, Kashyap S, Kaur J. Expression of multidrug resistance proteins in retinoblastoma. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:1655-1661. [PMID: 29181307 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.11.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the mechanism of multidrug resistance in retinoblastoma, and to acquire more insights into in vivo drug resistance. METHODS Three anticancer drug resistant Y79 human RB cells were generated against vincristine, etoposide or carboplatin, which are used for conventional chemotherapy in RB. Primary cultures from enucleated eyes after chemotherapy (PCNC) were also prepared. Their chemosensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents (vincristine, etoposide and carboplatin) were measured using MTT assay. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of p53, Bcl-2 and various multidrug resistant proteins in retinoblastoma cells. RESULTS Following exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs, PCNC showed less sensitivity to drugs. No significant changes observed in the p53 expression, whereas Bcl-2 expression was found to be increased in the drug resistant cells as well as in PCNC. Increased expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was observed in drug resistant Y79 cells; however there was no significant change in the expression of P-gp found between primary cultures of primarily enucleated eyes and PCNC. Multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mrp-1) expression was found to be elevated in the drug resistant Y79 cells as well as in PCNC. No significant change in the expression of lung resistance associated protein (Lrp) was observed in the drug resistant Y79 cells as well as in PCNC. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that multidrug resistant proteins are intrinsically present in retinoblastoma which causes treatment failure in managing retinoblastoma with chemotherapy.
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Malik MA, Gupta V, Shukla S, Kaur J. Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTT1) polymorphisms and JOAG susceptibility: A case control study and meta-analysis in glaucoma. Gene 2017; 628:246-252. [PMID: 28710033 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glutathione S transferase (GST) polymorphisms have been considered risk factors for the development of glaucoma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of glutathione S-transferase GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes with juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) in Indian patients. METHODS A case-control study was performed to investigate the associations of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in juvenile open-angle glaucoma. The genotype of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were determined in 73 juvenile open-angle glaucoma patients, and 70 controls matched by age and sex by polymerase chain reaction method. We also performed a meta-analysis of sixteen published studies on GSTM1 and GSTT1 and evaluated the association between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and glaucoma (JOAG & POAG). Published literature from PubMed and other databases were retrieved. All studies evaluating the association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and glaucoma (JOAG & POAG) risk were included. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random- or fixed-effects model. RESULTS In the present study, we observed there is no association of GSTM1 (OR=0.680; 95% CI=0.323-1.433; p=0.311) or GSTT1 (OR=0.698; 95% CI=0.307-1.586; p=0.391) with JOAG. In the present meta-analysis, significantly increased glaucoma (JOAG & POAG) risk was found among subjects carrying GSTM1 null genotype (OR=1.177; 95% CI=1.028-1.348; p=0.018) but not among subjects carrying GSTT1 deletion genotype (OR=1.186; 95% CI=0.992-1.417; p=0.061). CONCLUSIONS The present case-control study found that GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism are not associated with JOAG risk in North Indian population. The present meta-analysis suggested that there might be a significant association of GSTM1 null genotype with glaucoma (JOAG & POAG) risk. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in the world to investigate role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms with JOAG susceptibility. Given the limited sample size, the associations between GST polymorphism and glaucoma risk needs further investigation.
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Bansal P, Malik MA, Das SN, Kaur J. Tinospora Cordifolia Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Gulf J Oncolog 2017; 1:10-14. [PMID: 28797995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] [Imported: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Natural products with medicinal value are gradually gaining importance in clinical research due to their well-known property of no side effects as compared to drugs. Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic system of medicine for treating various ailments including cancer. In present study, we found that the Tinospora cordifolia extracts (TCE) induced inhibition of proliferation of KB cells was associated with arrest of G0/G1-phase of cell cycle. The effectiveness of TCE in checking the growth of KB cells without altering the growth of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) indicates that Tinospora cordifolia has differential effect on normal and malignant cells hence, it may have therapeutic potential in cancer.
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Genetic variants associated with primary open angle glaucoma in Indian population. Genomics 2017; 109:27-35. [PMID: 27851990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
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Chohan A, Singh U, Kumar A, Kaur J. Müller stem cell dependent retinal regeneration. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 464:160-164. [PMID: 27876464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Müller Stem cells to treat ocular diseases has triggered enthusiasm across all medical and scientific communities. Recent development in the field of stem cells has widened the prospects of applying cell based therapies to regenerate ocular tissues that have been irreversibly damaged by disease or injury. Ocular tissues such as the lens and the retina are now known to possess cell having remarkable regenerative abilities. Recent studies have shown that the Müller glia, a cell found in all vertebrate retinas, is the primary source of new neurons, and therefore are considered as the cellular basis for retinal regeneration in mammalian retinas. Here, we review the current status of retinal regeneration of the human eye by Müller stem cells. This review elucidates the current status of retinal regeneration by Müller stem cells, along with major retinal degenerative diseases where these stem cells play regenerative role in retinal repair and replacement.
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Epigenetic regulation of human retinoblastoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14427-14441. [PMID: 27639385 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] [Imported: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a rare type of eye cancer of the retina that commonly occurs in early childhood and mostly affects the children before the age of 5. It occurs due to the mutations in the retinoblastoma gene (RB1) which inactivates both alleles of the RB1. RB1 was first identified as a tumor suppressor gene, which regulates cell cycle components and associated with retinoblastoma. Previously, genetic alteration was known as the major cause of its occurrence, but later, it is revealed that besides genetic changes, epigenetic changes also play a significant role in the disease. Initiation and progression of retinoblastoma could be due to independent or combined genetic and epigenetic events. Remarkable work has been done in understanding retinoblastoma pathogenesis in terms of genetic alterations, but not much in the context of epigenetic modification. Epigenetic modifications that silence tumor suppressor genes and activate oncogenes include DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone modification and noncoding RNA-mediated gene silencing. Epigenetic changes can lead to altered gene function and transform normal cell into tumor cells. This review focuses on important epigenetic alteration which occurs in retinoblastoma and its current state of knowledge. The critical role of epigenetic regulation in retinoblastoma is now an emerging area, and better understanding of epigenetic changes in retinoblastoma will open the door for future therapy and diagnosis.
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Rastogi P, Rao S, Kaur J, Malhotra P, Varma S, Das R. Gaucher's Disease with Cardiac Valve Calcification and Stenosis: A Rare Presentation due to Homozygous p.D409H Mutation in a North Indian Family. Indian J Pediatr 2016; 83:877-8. [PMID: 26887759 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-015-2025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] [Imported: 09/20/2023]
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Shukla S, Malik MA, Chandra P, Kaur J. Association between VEGF polymorphisms (-460 T/C and +936 C/T) and retinopathy of prematurity risk: A meta-analysis. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2016; 30:157-162. [PMID: 28210175 PMCID: PMC5299107 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) contributes to the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). A number of studies investigated the association of ROP with VEGF -460 T/C and +936 C/T polymorphisms but the results were conflicting. In order to derive a more precise estimation of the associations, we performed a meta-analysis of the relationship between VEGF -460 T/C and +936 C/T polymorphisms with ROP in all published studies. METHODS A literature search was performed systematically using electronic databases. Published literature from PubMed and other databases was retrieved. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the pooled effect. Each -460 T/C and +936 C/T polymorphism included four case-control studies including case/control 249/308 and 179/250 respectively. RESULTS Through literature search, we found that both VEGF -460 T/C and +936 C/T polymorphisms were not associated with ROP risk at allelic, co-dominant, dominant and recessive models. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that the VEGF -460 T/C and +936 C/T polymorphism might contribute to genetic susceptibility of ROP. The association between VEGF -460 T/C and +936 C/T polymorphism and ROP risk awaits further investigation.
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Kumar S, Malik MA, Goswami S, Sihota R, Kaur J. Candidate genes involved in the susceptibility of primary open angle glaucoma. Gene 2016; 577:119-31. [PMID: 26621382 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
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