Mercury Bonding to Xerogel: The Interface Fractal Dynamics of the Interaction between Two Complex Systems

This study describes novel solid substances founded on chitosan and TEGylated phenothiazine that have a high ability for hydrargyrum recovery from watery liquid solutions. These compounds were taken into account, consisting of two distinct entity interactions inside of the classic fractal dynamics conjecture of an "interface". They were assimilated through fractal-type mathematical objects and judged as such. The bi-stable behavior of two fractally connected objects was demonstrated both numerically and graphically. The fractal character was demonstrated by the fractal analysis made using SEM images of the xerogel compounds with interstitial fixed hydrargyrum. For the first time, SEM helped to verify such samples from two distinct bodies, with the multifractal parameter values being listed in continuation. The fractal dimension of the rectangular mask is D1 = 1.604 ± 0.2798, the fractal dimension of the square mask is D2 = 1.596 ± 0.0460, and the lacunarity is 0.0402.

Fractal Analysis of Four Xerogels Based on TEGylated Phenothiazine and Chitosan

The present article describes novel massive materials (in the solid phase) based on TEGylated phenothiazine and chitosan that possess great capability to recover mercury ions from constituent aqueous solutions. These were produced by chitosan hydrogelation accompanied by formyl subsidiary item of TEGylated phenothiazine, attended by lyophilization. The delineation and structure description of the obtained material or supramolecular assembly were realized by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and POM (Polarized Light Optical Microscopy). The morphology of their texture was kept under observation by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The obtained SEM images were evaluated by fractal analysis. The fractal parameters of interest were calculated, including the fractal dimension and lacunarity.

A Multifractal Vision of 5-Fluorouracil Release from Chitosan-Based Matrix

A suite of four drug deliverance formulations grounded on 5-fluorouracil enclosed in a chitosan-founded intercellular substance was produced by 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal with in situ hydrogelation. The formulations have been examined from a morphological and structural point of view by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and microscopy with polarized light, respectively. The polarized optical microscopy (POM) pictures of the three representative formulations obtained were investigated by fractal analysis. The fractal dimension and lacunarity of each of them were thus calculated. In this paper, a novel theoretical method for mathematically describing medicament deliverance dynamics in the context of the polymeric medicament constitution limit has been advanced. Assuming that the polymeric drug motion unfolds only on the so-called non-differentiable curves (considered mathematically multifractal curves), it looks like in a one-dimensional hydrodynamic movement within a multifractal formalism, the drug-release physics models are provided by isochronous kinetics, but at a scale of resolution necessarily non-differentiable.

Time Estimation of Polymer Translocation through Nano-Membrane

In this paper, the charged polymer escapement phenomenon, via a little hole of nano-metric dimensions arranged in a constitutive biological membrane, is studied. We will present the case of the transport process of an ideal polymer in a 3-dimensional extended region separated by a fine boundary named membrane in a free energy barrier attendance. Additionally, the general translocation time formula, respectively, the transition time from the cis area to the trans area, is presented. The model for estimation of the likelihood, designated by P(x, t), as a macromolecular chain of lengthiness equal to x, to be able to pass by the nanopore in escape period t, was optimized. The longest-lasting likely escape time found with this model is indicated to be tp = 330 μs. Thus, the results obtained with the described formula are in good agreement with those announced in the specialized literature.

Polymer Translocation through Nanometer Pores

In this paper the loaded polymer transport and its escape via a nanometer size aperture, virtually by nanomembrane, the polymer being moved by an exterior electrostatic field, has been studied. Assuming a linear dependency of the friction coefficient on the number of segments m and a parabolic behavior for the open-free (Gibbs) energy, in attendance of a present electrical potential across nanopore, an explicit flux formula for the polymers passed over a dimensional restricted pore, was derived. In addition, the linear polymers transport through a nanometer-sized pore under the action of a constant force is presented. The important mechanical effects of superimposed steady force and the monomers number of macromolecule chain on the polymer translocation process by nanomembranes, in a 2D diffusion model, have been demonstrated. The escape time by a three-dimensional graph as a function of the electric field intensity and monomers number of polymer was represented.

Fractal Modeling of Polymer Plasma Laser Ablation, Plasma Plume Tsallis Entropy and Its q-Statistics Interpretation, Part I: Theory

Polymer plasma produced by laser ablation is investigated in a theoretical manner. In relation to the fact that the charge carrier circulation is assumed to take place on fractal curves, the so-called fractality type, electrical charge transport can be resolved by an extended scale relativity method. In addition, an elegant mathematical model, utilizing a conjecture of fractal space-time, is elaborated. The complete solution and its graphical representation for temperature distribution in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cases are successfully introduced. The discrete physical behavior and irrevocable transformation of nanoscale microdomain substructures by laser ablation are realistically examined. Further, benefiting from the interpretation of the fractal analysis, each of the experimental results can be fairly explained. On top of that, this paper presents a proof of Tsallis nonextensive q-statistics, especially for the plasma plume studied. Tsallis entropy in direct connection with fractal dynamics and chaotic-type mechanics of the plasma plume and time-series representation of plasma temperature is introduced for the first time in the present publication, and the q-statistics of the plume plasma temperature are also studied, among others.

Biocompatible Chitosan-Based Hydrogels for Bioabsorbable Wound Dressings

Supramolecular hydrogels based on chitosan and monoaldehydes are biomaterials with high potential for a multitude of bioapplications. This is due to the proper choice of the monoaldehyde that can tune the hydrogel properties for specific practices. In this conceptual framework, the present paper deals with the investigation of a hydrogel as bioabsorbable wound dressing. To this aim, chitosan was cross-linked with 2-formylphenylboronic acid to yield a hydrogel with antimicrobial activity. FTIR, NMR, and POM procedures have characterized the hydrogel from a structural and supramolecular point of view. At the same time, its biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties were also determined in vitro. Furthermore, in order to assess the bioabsorbable character, its biodegradation was investigated in vitro in the presence of lysosome in media of different pH, mimicking the wound exudate at different stages of healing. The biodegradation was monitored by gravimetrical measurements, SEM microscopy and fractal analyses of the images. The fractal dimension values and the lacunarity of SEM pictures were accurately calculated. All these successful investigations led to the conclusion that the tested materials are at the expected high standards.