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de Araújo Júnior HN, Lopes IRG, de Sousa ACFC, de Oliveira GB, de Oliveira REM, Tertulino MD, Rocha ELB, Firmino PR, Pereira AF, de Oliveira MF. Prenatal post-implantation development of collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758). Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e13035. [PMID: 38529660 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Given the importance of information on intrauterine development in diagnosing anomalies in the gestational development of the species for the development of assisted reproduction technologies as well as understanding the autonomy and responsiveness of the newborn, the aim of the present study was to describe the external morphology of collared peccary conceptuses. For this study, two conceptuses were used per gestational age of 25-120 days post-copulation (dpc) and neonates with 145 dpc, totalling 22 animals. Females were euthanised, and embryos/foetuses were examined, measured, and photographed. During the first third of the gestational period (25-50 dpc, n = 8), a marked body curvature, brain vesicles, somites, internal organs, placid lens, auricular protrusion and limb buds are noted. In the second third of the gestational period (51-100 dpc, n = 10), foetuses lose their body curvature, displaying greater anatomical definition, including skeletal, external ears, nostrils, eyelids and tactile hair formation and cranial suture closure. In addition, dorsal scent gland and genital tubercle differentiation were visualized at 50 days post-copulation. In the third of the gestational period (101-145 dpc, n = 4), the organs become completely formed, alongside skin darkening, eyelid opening, dental eruption, dorsal odorous gland development, sexual organ externalization, and fanero attachment development. These data allowed for the construction of a prenatal growth curve, providing comparative anatomy information for ungulates and further contributing towards rational reproductive management and reproductive biotechnologies for this species.
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Melo LIDS, Matias de Oliveira RE, Freitas Caetano de Sousa AC, de Oliveira RM, Lima MA, Fragoso ABL, Silva FJDL, Attademo FLN, Luna FDO, Pereira AF, de Oliveira MF. Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus Linnaeus, 1758) Tongue Morphology and Adaptive Herbivorous Implications. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2024; 30:160-168. [PMID: 38123367 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Morphological study of the tongue is an interesting way of understanding evolutionary processes associated with feeding habits. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to describe the tongue morphology of the Antillean manatee and to understand possible morphological relationships with its way of capturing food. Macroscopic dissections and light and scanning electron microscopy analyses of seven manatee tongues were performed. The tongue in Antillean manatees is a muscular and robust organ, divided into apex, body, and root. It is firmly adhered to the floor of the oral cavity. Lingual papillae were distributed over the entire tongue surface. They were identified as filiform papillae concentrated in the apex. Fungiform papillae were present on the apex and lateral regions. Foliate papillae were located on the dorsolateral portion of the root. Lentiform papillae were located across the dorsal tongue surface. The mucosa was lined by a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium presenting compound tubuloacinar glands and taste buds in the foliate papillae. The tongue of the Antillean manatee is similar to other Sirenia species, both of which share a completely herbivorous diet.
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Praxedes ÉA, Oliveira LRMD, da Silva Viana JV, Rodrigues LLV, de Brito Vieira Neto J, Sales SLA, Dos Santos Luciano MC, Oliveira MFD, Pessoa C, Pereira AF. Serum starvation is as efficient as roscovitine on the cycle synchronization in G 0/G 1 of red-rumped agouti fibroblasts. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:249-257. [PMID: 38427137 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast cycle synchronization in G0/G1 is an essential step for nuclear reprogramming by cloning or induced cells to pluripotency. Considering the diversity among rodents and the ecological and scientific importance of these animals, we compared the contact inhibition, serum starvation, and 10 µM of roscovitine as methods of synchronization of red-rumped agouti fibroblasts. The effects of each protocol were evaluated on the percentage of cycle phase, morphology, viability, and apoptosis levels. The results showed that culturing the cells to serum starvation for 24 h (75.9%), 48 h (81.6%), 72 h (86.2%), 96 h (84.0%), and 120 h (83.7%) yielded a significantly higher percentage of cells arrested in the G0/G1 (P < 0.05) phase than cells not subjected to any cell cycle synchronization method (31.4%). Also, this effect was not different between the times of 48 and 120 h (P > 0.05). A similar response was observed for cells cultured with roscovitine for 12 h (86.9%), 24 h (74.8%), and 48 h (81.7%), with a higher percentage of synchronized cells in G0/G1 compared to cells not submitted to any synchronization treatment (52.2%). Nevertheless, this effect was best evidenced at 12 h (P < 0.05). Also, the contact inhibition for 24-120 h could not synchronize cells in G0/G1, with values ranging from 70.9 to 77.9% (P > 0.05). Moreover, no difference was observed for morphology, viability, and apoptosis levels in any synchronization method (P > 0.05). Therefore, serum starvation is as efficient as roscovitine on cycle synchronization in G0/G1 of red-rumped agouti fibroblasts.
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Fernandes DP, Praxedes ÉA, da Silva Viana JV, de Oliveira Santos MV, Silva AR, Freitas CIA, Pereira AF. Long-term preservation of established fibroblast lines from six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcintus, Linnaeus, 1758) by extended passage and cryopreservation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:266-277. [PMID: 38424379 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00871-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Establishing new somatic cell cultures has raised significant attention as an effective and convenient way to preserve genetic samples for different applications. Although many lines have been established in model animals, none derived from six-banded armadillo species is currently available. We report the successful isolation and characterization of fibroblasts from six-banded armadillos, evaluating the cell quality after extended culture and cryopreservation. Initially, we collected ear skin from five captive adult individuals and identified fibroblast lines by morphology, karyotyping, and immunophenotyping assays. The isolated fibroblasts were evaluated after several passages (fourth, seventh, and tenth passages) and cryopreservation by slow freezing. Cell morphology, viability, metabolism, proliferative activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis levels were analyzed. The skin explants had great adhesion, and cell outgrowth could be seen after 3-6 d. The cells were verified as fibroblasts at the fourth passage by vimentin expression and normal karyotype (2n = 58). The viability remained high (> 87%) and constant from the fourth to the tenth passage (p > 0.05). The passages did not change the cell morphology and metabolic and growth rates. Moreover, cryopreservation did not affect most evaluated parameters; post-thawed cells maintained their viability, growth, metabolism, and apoptosis levels. Nevertheless, cryopreservation increased mitochondrial membrane permeability and cell population doubling time compared to non-cryopreserved cells (p < 0.05). In summary, viable fibroblasts can be obtained from six-banded armadillo skin while conserving their quality as the number of passages increases and featuring few changes after cryopreservation.
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Vieira Rodrigues LL, Pereira AF. PERSPECTIVE: Potential and reality of cryopreserving somatic cells of wild felids for conservation. CRYO LETTERS 2023; 44:249-257. [PMID: 38032304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The loss of biodiversity caused by anthropogenic actions is also a reality for the members of the Felidae family. Except for the domestic cat, all felid species have some degree of threat of extinction in their natural habitat. For this reason, felids have been included in conservation-related studies. This scenario has aroused increasing interest in the formation of somatic cell banks, which when efficiently implemented can be used in preservation strategies for the species. Nevertheless, one of the important steps in the formation of these banks is the understanding of the technical principles and variations involved in cryopreservation techniques, especially because cryopreservation increases the possibilities for Assisted Reproduction Technologies (ARTs) by making the use of biological materials independent of time and space. In wild felids, several species already have promising results in the formation of somatic cell banks, and studies aimed at better viability rates have been constantly proposed, as well as new species have been studied. In some species, aspects involved in successful cryopreservation are already well defined, and slow freezing associated with cryoprotectant solutions composed of intra- and extracellular substances is the most useful approach. The aim of this review was to present the main parameters involved in the elaboration of a somatic cell cryopreservation protocol and their effects, as well as to address the main results achieved for different wild felids. Doi.org/10.54680/fr23510110112.
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de Oliveira GB, de Araújo Júnior HN, de Moura CEB, Favaron PO, Pereira AF, de Oliveira MF. Placental development in the early stages of red-rumped agouti pregnancy ( Dasyprocta leporina Linnaeus, 1758). J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e49. [PMID: 38031643 PMCID: PMC10556294 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hystricomorpha rodents display a similar placentation model to humans. The present study was carried out considering the scarcity of information concerning the placental development in agouti. OBJECTIVE Describe the microscopy of the placenta, subplacenta and yolk sac of agoutis in early pregnancy and report on the inversion of the yolk sac. METHODS Fifteen females between the 14th-32nd day of gestation were used following euthanasia. Gestational buttons were collected, fixed, processed, stained to optical microscopy or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Chorioallantoic placenta (CP) ranged from conical to a half-sphere, as follows: from the 14th to 17th day, the CP displays an inverted "V" shape, predominantly formed by cytotrophoblasts; from 20 to 22 days, formed almost entirely by cytotrophoblasts; at 28 days, a half sphere, with distinct lobes and interlobular area, numerous maternal gaps delimited by syncytiotrophoblasts and trophoblast giant cells; at 32 days, globose and undergoing the maturation process. Subplacenta, located between decidua and CP, initially presents septa consisting of simple columnar epithelium and after 17 days, comprising stratified epithelium. Visceral yolk sac (VYS) is attached to two CP projections between 14 and 17 days, formed by a simple cubic epithelium and inverted. Between 20 and 22 days, the epithelium displays apical villous projections with cytoplasmic vacuoles and a vascularized mesoderm. After the 24th day, the VYS near the placenta is pleated, very vascularized and villous, with decreased villi sizes further away from the placenta. CONCLUSION The agouti CP displays similar characteristics to other hystricomorpha, including placenta lobulation, a subplacenta and an inverted vitelline placenta.
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Praxedes ECG, Bezerra LGP, Luz NRN, da Silva AM, Pereira AF, Silva AR. In vitro culture of red-rumped agouti preantral follicles enclosed in fresh and vitrified ovarian tissues using TCM199 plus different pFSH concentrations. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20220113. [PMID: 37416866 PMCID: PMC10321683 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2022-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the relevance of establishing biodiversity conservation tools, the study aimed to investigate the TCM199 supplemented with different follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations on survival and development of fresh and vitrified preantral follicles enclosed in red-rumped agouti ovarian tissues cultured in vitro. In the first experiment, six pairs of ovaries were fragmented and cultured for 6 days according to groups: 10 ng/mL pFSH (FSH10 group) and 50 ng/mL (FSH50 group). Non-cultured tissues were considered as a control. In the second experiment, vitrified/warmed fragments of four pairs of ovaries were cultured with the best concentration of FSH established (cryopreserved and cultured group). Non-cryopreserved (fresh control group) and cryopreserved but non-cultured (non-cultured group) tissues were used as controls. For both experiments, preantral follicles were evaluated for survival and development using morphological and viability analysis by trypan blue staining. After culturing fresh samples, FSH50 showed a higher percentage of morphologically normal follicles when compared to FSH10 (P < 0.05). This same response was observed for primordial follicles. Regardless of the concentrations of FSH used during in vitro culture, no difference was observed regarding the percentage of viable follicles and diameters (P > 0.05). Thus, the FSH50 group was used for second experiment, in which 76.2 ± 7.2% normal preantral follicles previously vitrified was found after 6-day culture, also presenting the highest values (P < 0.05) for morphology of primordial follicles (95.2 ± 4.7%). Nevertheless, in vitro culture did not affect the viability and diameter of preantral follicles of cryopreserved tissues (P > 0.05). In conclusion, TCM199 supplemented with 50 ng/mL FSH was efficient in maintaining the in vitro survival of fresh and vitrified red-rumped agouti preantral follicles. This was the first study related to the in vitro culture of ovarian preantral follicles in this species, aiming to contribute to its conservation.
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da Silva BA, Feijó FMC, Alves ND, Pimenta AS, Benicio LDM, da Silva Júnior EC, Santos CS, Pereira AF, Moura YBF, Gama GSP, Neto EDSL. Use of a product based on wood vinegar of Eucalyptus clone I144 used in the control of bovine mastitis. Vet Microbiol 2023; 279:109670. [PMID: 36739814 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is one of the most frequent diseases in dairy cattle worldwide. The use of antiseptics in milking, if properly used, can lead to a reduction in potentially pathogenic microorganisms and their transmission between herds. Several medicinal plants have antiseptic potential, including eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.). Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of wood vinegar from Eucalyptus urograndis clone GG I144 (EU) as an antiseptic in vitro and in vivo; in addition, to its cytotoxicity and antimicrobial resistance. Fifteen bovines were used, lactating females 3-6 years of age and divided into three groups of five animals each. The wood vinegar was placed in the teats of the animal for 28 days and collections of cellular debris were performed every 7 days. At the Veterinary Microbiology Laboratory (LAMIV) of UFERSA, the samples were processed and serial dilution was performed in Petri plates with plate count agar (PCA) at 37 °C. Cytotoxicity was verified based on morphological alterations and metabolic activity. Morphological changes were not observed in all cells incubated with 1 % pyroligneous extract. The in vitro data demonstrated antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, S. agalactiae, Salmonella, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium were resistant to penicillin (PEN), rifampicin (RIF), nitrofurantoin (NIT), erythromycin (ERI), and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The extract was used in vivo in the post-dipping of dairy cows, which reduced the microbiological load present in the mammary glands from 4.74 to 2.54 CFU, indicating its future use as an antiseptic.
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Gadelha AIBB, de Oliveira MF, de Sousa ACFC, Diniz JARA, Lopes IRG, Fernandes BCC, Pereira AF, de Moura CEB. Extraembryonic membrane morphology in greater rheas ( Rhea americana americana Linnaeus, 1758). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2023; 142:1-16. [PMID: 37360222 PMCID: PMC10027282 DOI: 10.1007/s00435-023-00602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The greater rhea, Rhea americana, is a wild ratite of high scientific importance and significant and zootechnical value, especially considering the current development state of Brazilian poultry production, where research aimed at increasing the productivity of these animals has become extremely relevant. Studies concerning fetal attachments and embryonic development are paramount, as they can provide essential information concerning reproductive and nutritional animal management. However, a lack of information on greater rhea fetal morphology is noted. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish a standard model for fetal attachments in this species. Greater rhea eggs were incubated from 0 to 36 days, and macroscopic and microscopic embryonic attachment characterizations were performed. Histologically, all embryonic annexes exhibit germ layers, namely the ectoderm (outer layer), mesoderm (middle layer) and endoderm (inner layer). The findings indicate that greater rhea development patterns are similar to other birds.
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Praxedes ÉA, Silva MB, Medeiros de Oliveira LR, da Silva Viana JV, Pereira AF. Interactions Among Sucrose and Concentrations of Serum Fetal Bovine on the Cryopreservation of Somatic Cells Derived from Red-Rumped Agoutis. CRYOLETTERS 2023. [DOI: 10.54680/fr23210110212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The synergistic action among the different extracellular cryoprotectants could improve somatic cell quality after thawing and provide bases for the formation of biobanks for redrumped agoutis. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the interactions among sucrose (SUC)
and concentrations of serum fetal bovine (FBS) on the cryopreservation of somatic cells derived from redrumped agoutis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cells were cryopreserved with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and different concentrations of FBS (10%, 40%, and 90%) with or without 0.2 M SUC, totaling
six comparison groups. Non-cryopreserved cells were used as a control. Cells were evaluated for viability, metabolic activity, proliferative activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and apoptosis levels. RESULTS: No difference was observed
among cryopreserved with DMSO containing (10FBS, 10FBS-SUC, 40FBS, 40FBS-SUC, 90FBS, 90FBSSUC) and non-cryopreserved groups for viability, metabolic activity, proliferative activity, and ROS levels. Interestingly, only cells cryopreserved with 90% FBS and SUC maintained the ΔΨm like
the control. This indicates that at high concentrations of FBS, SUC contributes to the maintenance of this parameter in cryopreserved cells. Moreover, at concentrations of 10% and 40% of FBS, SUC contributed to the maintenance of viability evaluated by the levels of apoptosis evaluated after
thawing. In summary, we verified that 90% FBS and 0.2 M SUC promote greater ability of cells after thawing. Additionally, SUC positively acts in cryopreservation solutions containing 10% and 40% FBS. CONCLUSION: This information is essential to an understanding of the mechanisms involved
in the interactions of extracellular cryoprotectants in somatic cell cryopreservation solutions of red-rumped agoutis.
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Praxedes EA, Silva MB, Medeiros de Oliveira LR, da Silva Viana JV, Pereira AF. Interactions among sucrose and concentrations of serum fetal bovine on the cryopreservation of somatic cells derived from red-rumped agoutis. CRYO LETTERS 2023; 44:110-108. [PMID: 37883160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The synergistic action among the different extracellular cryoprotectants could improve somatic cell quality after thawing and provide bases for the formation of biobanks for red-rumped agoutis. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the interactions among sucrose (SUC) and concentrations of serum fetal bovine (FBS) on the cryopreservation of somatic cells derived from red-rumped agoutis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were cryopreserved with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and different concentrations of FBS (10%, 40%, and 90%) with or without 0.2 M SUC, totaling six comparison groups. Non-cryopreserved cells were used as a control. Cells were evaluated for viability, metabolic activity, proliferative activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis levels. RESULTS No difference was observed among cryopreserved with DMSO containing (10FBS, 10FBS-SUC, 40FBS, 40FBS-SUC, 90FBS, 90FBS-SUC) and non-cryopreserved groups for viability, metabolic activity, proliferative activity, and ROS levels. Interestingly, only cells cryopreserved with 90% FBS and SUC maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential like the control. This indicates that at high concentrations of FBS, SUC contributes to the maintenance of this parameter in cryopreserved cells. Moreover, at concentrations of 10% and 40% of FBS, SUC contributed to the maintenance of viability evaluated by the levels of apoptosis evaluated after thawing. In summary, we verified that 90% FBS and 0.2 M SUC promote greater ability of cells after thawing. Additionally, SUC positively acts in cryopreservation solutions containing 10% and 40% FBS. CONCLUSION This information is essential to an understanding of the mechanisms involved in the interactions of extracellular cryoprotectants in somatic cell cryopreservation solutions of red-rumped agoutis. DOI: 10.54680/fr23210110212.
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Silva AR, Pereira AF, Comizzoli P. Biobanking and use of gonadal tissues - a promising strategy for conserving wildlife from the Caatinga biome. Anim Reprod 2023; 19:e20220135. [PMID: 36819484 PMCID: PMC9924771 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2022-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological Resource Banks (BRB) or Genetic Resource Banks (GRB) are critical tools for the conservation of animal biodiversity. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, more than 38,500 species are threatened with extinction, out of a total of 138,300 surveyed species. These banks are repositories of biological samples and data recovered and preserved for the long term by zoos, universities, research centers and other conservation organizations. In recent years, BRB have increasingly included ovarian and testicular tissues as additional options to rescue and propagate wild species, especially those at risk of extinction. After in vitro culture or grafting, gonadal tissues are potential sources of matured gametes that can be used for Assisted Reproduction Technologies while informing about gametogenesis or mechanisms involved in infertility. It therefore is crucial to properly recover, cryopreserve, and culture these tissues using species-specific protocols. Developing BRBs is currently one of the strategies to preserve species from the Caatinga biome - an exclusively Brazilian biome with a rich wild fauna that suffers from anthropogenic activities. Among wild species from this biome, studies have been primarily conducted in collared peccaries, agoutis, cavies, and armadillos to preserve their ovarian and testicular tissues. Additionally, domestic species such as the domestic cat and donkeys have been proposed as models for wild species that are phylogenetically close. This review addresses the main technical aspects involved in obtaining BRB derived from gonadal tissues in some wild species of the Caatinga biome. It reports recent advances and perspectives to use these biological materials for wildlife conservation.
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Oliveira REMD, Attademo FLN, Sousa ACFCD, Magalhães MDS, Oliveira RMD, de Moura CEB, Silva AR, Pereira AF, Fragoso ABL, Silva FJDL, Oliveira MFD. Oropharyngeal cavity floor morphology in Eretmochelys imbricata (Testudines: Cheloniidae) hatchlings and evolutionary implications. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:343-353. [PMID: 36054069 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Morphological studies of the oropharyngeal cavity of chelonians have become an interesting tool in the understanding of evolutionary processes associated with feeding habits in aquatic animals and the transition from aquatic to terrestrial forms. In this context, the aim of the present study was to describe the oropharyngeal cavity floor morphology of hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) hatchlings. Ten dead hatchlings of undefined sex were obtained from nests hatched on the coast of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The heads of each specimen were fixed, dissected, and analyzed at the macroscopic and microscopic levels. The oropharyngeal cavity floor of the hawksbill sea turtle hatchlings is formed by the tongue, pharynx, floor muscles, and hyolingual skeleton, delimited in the rostral and lateral directions by a keratinized beak, called the rhamphotheca, and in the caudal region at the limit between the pharynx and the esophagus. The tongue muscles and the muscles that support the floor of the oral cavity comprise the following: m. hypoglossohyoideus, m. hypoglossoglossus, m. hyoglossus, m. genioglossus, m. constrictor laryngis, m. geniohyoideus pars lateralis, and m. intermandibularis. The oropharyngeal cavity floor mucosa is formed by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and the lamina propria is formed by loose connective tissue. The floor mucosa is devoid of taste buds. We believe that the basic oropharyngeal cavity floor characteristics in hawksbill sea turtle hatchlings may comprise indications that these animals are plesiomorphic and that semiaquatic and terrestrial turtles may have undergone adaptations to feed out of water.
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Rebouças CEV, Diniz JARA, de Sousa ACFC, de Oliveira REM, de Moura CEB, Guerra RR, Pereira AF, de Assis Neto AC, de Oliveira MF. Morphology of the major salivary glands of Spix's
Yellow‐Toothed
Cavys (
Galea spixii
Wagler
, 1831). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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da Silva Viana JV, de Medeiros Paiva Moura LF, Praxedes EA, Costa de Aquino LV, do Nascimento MB, Prazeres Junior FR, de Oliveira MF, Pereira AF. Effects of vitrification techniques on the formation of skin cryobank of the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). CRYO LETTERS 2023; 44:47-56. [PMID: 36629841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cryobanks represent important tools for the conservation of the maximum genetic representation of a population, especially those with a certain degree of threat to extinction, such as the ocelot. A relevant step towards the proper establishment of these banks is the definition of adequate cryopreservation techniques for the conservation of the skin. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of two different techniques [direct vitrification in cryovials (DVC) and solid-surface vitrification (SSV)] for the preservation of ear skin derived from ocelot. MATERIALS & METHODS For both techniques, we vitrified the ear skin using Dulbeccos modified Eagles medium with 3.0 M dimethyl sulfoxide, 0.25 M sucrose, and 10% fetal bovine serum. Non-cryopreserved tissues were used as control (control group). All tissues were analyzed for their morphometric characteristics by conventional histology and morphological / functional analysis by cell ability during the culture. RESULTS While tissues cryopreserved by DVC showed similar values for dermis thickness and number of perinuclear halos to the control, tissues cryopreserved by SSV showed similarities to the control regarding the number of melanocytes, percentage of collagen fibers, and numbers of viable cells by apoptosis analysis. Additionally, none of the vitrification techniques affected stratum corneum thickness, number of keratinocytes, tissue proliferative activity, cell viability, or metabolism. CONCLUSION Both vitrification techniques (DVC and SSV) can be used for the conservation of ocelot skin; however, SSV guarantees a higher cellular quality after in vitro tissue culture in most of the parameters evaluated, such as viability, metabolism, and apoptosis analysis. doi.org/10.54680/fr23110110412.
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da Silva Viana JV, de Medeiros Paiva Moura LF, Almeida Praxedes É, Costa de Aquino LV, do Nascimento MB, Prazeres Júnior FR, de Oliveira MF, Fernandes Pereira A. Effects of Vitrification Techniques on the Formation of Skin Cryobank of the Ocelot ( Leopardus Pardalis). CRYOLETTERS 2023. [DOI: 10.54680/fr23110110412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Skin cryobanks represent important tools for the conservation of the maximum genetic representation of a population, especially those with a certain degree of threat to extinction, such as the ocelot. A relevant step towards the proper establishment of these banks
is the definition of adequate cryopreservation techniques for the conservation of the skin. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effects of two different techniques [direct vitrification in cryovials (DVC) and solid-surface vitrification (SSV)] for the preservation of ear skin derived from
ocelot. MATERIALS & METHODS: For both techniques, we vitrified the ear skin using Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 3.0 M dimethyl sulfoxide, 0.25 M sucrose, and 10% fetal bovine serum. Non-cryopreserved tissues were used as control (control group). All tissues were analyzed
for their morphometric characteristics by conventional histology and morphological/functional analysis by cell ability during the culture. RESULTS: While tissues cryopreserved by DVC showed similar values for dermis thickness and number of perinuclear halos to the control, tissues cryopreserved
by SSV showed similarities to the control regarding the number of melanocytes, percentage of collagen fibers, and numbers of viable cells by apoptosis analysis. Additionally, none of the vitrification techniques affected stratum corneum thickness, number of keratinocytes, tissue proliferative
activity, cell viability, or metabolism. CONCLUSION: Both vitrification techniques (DVC and SSV) can be used for the conservation of ocelot skin; however, SSV guarantees a higher cellular quality after in vitro tissue culture in most of the parameters evaluated, such as viability, metabolism,
and apoptosis analysis.
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Rodrigues LLV, Moura YBF, Viana JVDS, de Oliveira LRM, Praxedes ÉA, Vieira JDB, Sales SLA, Silva HVR, Luciano MCDS, Pessoa C, Pereira AF. Full confluency, serum starvation, and roscovitine for inducing arrest in the G 0/G 1 phase of the cell cycle in puma skin-derived fibroblast lines. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230017. [PMID: 37101424 PMCID: PMC10124155 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The puma population is constantly decreasing, and cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer can be used to conserve the species. One of the factors determining the success of the development of cloned embryos is the cell cycle stage of the donor cells. We evaluated the effects of full confluency (~100%), serum starvation (0.5% serum), and roscovitine (15 µM) treatments on the cell cycle synchronization in G0/G1 of puma skin-derived fibroblasts by flow cytometric analysis. Also, we assessed the effects of these synchronization methods on morphology, viability, and apoptosis levels using microscopy tools. The results showed that culturing the cells to confluence for 24 h (84.0%), 48 h (84.6%), and 72 h (84.2%) and serum starvation for 96 h (85.4%) yielded a significantly higher percentage of cells arrested in the G0/G1 (P 0.05) phase than cells not subjected to any cell cycle synchronization method (73.9%). Nevertheless, while serum starvation reduced the percentage of viable cells, no difference was observed for the full confluence and roscovitine treatments (P 0.05). Moreover, roscovitine for 12 h (78.6%) and 24 h (82.1%) was unable to synchronize cells in G0/G1 (P 0.05). In summary, full confluency induces puma fibroblast cell cycle synchronization at the G0/G1 stage without affecting cell viability. These outcomes may be valuable for planning donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer in pumas.
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Fernandes DP, Praxedes ÉA, Freitas CIA, Pereira AF. Ex Situ Approaches for the Conservation of Genetic Resources in the Superorder Xenarthra. Biopreserv Biobank 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2021.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Feijo FMC, Fernandes FDC, Alves ND, Pimenta AS, Santos CS, Rodrigues GSDO, Pereira AF, Benicio LDM, Moura YBF. Efficiency of Pyroligneous Extract from Jurema Preta (Mimosa tenuiflora [Willd.] Poiret) as an Antiseptic in Cats (Felis catus) Subjected to Ovariosalpingohysterectomy. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182325. [PMID: 36139185 PMCID: PMC9495156 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The pyroligneous extract from Mimosa tenuiflora was used as an antiseptic in cats. The objective of this study was to analyze the action of 20% pyroligneous extract from M. tenuiflora as an antiseptic for surgical wounds of cats subjected to ovariohysterectomy. In addition to the absence of cytotoxicity, the number of bacteria was reduced after treatment. Tissue dehiscence, hyperemia, edema, crust, and secretions were not observed. Thus, the pyroligneous extract of M. tenuiflora has potential as a natural antiseptic alternative. Abstract Pyroligneous extract of Jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora [Willd.] Poiret) was evaluated for its efficacy as a cutaneous antiseptic in cats (Felis catus) that were subjected to ovariosalpingohysterectomy. For this purpose, 30 cats without a defined breed were sterilized and divided into two groups. The first group was the positive control, treated with 0.5% chlorhexidine-alcohol solution, and the second group was treated with 20% pyroligneous extract of M. tenuiflora. Regardless of age and sex, all animals had visible healing at similar times. A significant reduction in bacterial growth was observed in animals treated with the extract, and no cytotoxicity was observed in the feline epithelial cells. In addition, surgical wounds of cats treated with M. tenuiflora extract exhibited improved healing. On agar plates, treatment with both chlorhexidine and M. tenuiflora extract resulted in the inhibition zones for all bacterial strains isolated from surgical wounds. Therefore, M. tenuiflora extract is demonstrated to have antiseptic effects on the surgical wounds of cats undergoing ovariosalpingohysterectomy.
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de Oliveira LRM, de Aquino LVC, Santos MVDO, Freitas VJDF, Bertini LM, Pereira AF. Antioxidant effect of bioactive compounds isolated from Syzygium aromaticum essential oil on the in vitro developmental potential of bovine oocytes. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Santos MVDO, Silva HVR, Bezerra LGP, Oliveira LRMD, Oliveira MFD, Alves ND, Silva LDMD, Silva AR, Pereira AF. Heterologous in vitro fertilization and embryo production for assessment of jaguar (Panthera onca Linnaeus, 1758) frozen-thawed semen in different extenders. Anim Reprod 2022; 19:e20210093. [PMID: 35371300 PMCID: PMC8958878 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterologous in vitro fertilization (IVF) is an important tool for assessing fertility of endangered mammals such as the jaguar, considering difficult access to females for artificial insemination and to obtain homologous oocytes. We aimed to evaluate the fertility of jaguar sperm cryopreserved with different extenders, using domestic cat oocytes to assess the development of hybrid embryos. Semen from four captive jaguars was obtained by electroejaculation. Samples were cryopreserved in powdered coconut water (ACP-117c) or Tris extender containing 20% egg yolk and 6% glycerol. Thawed spermatozoa were resuspended (2.0 × 106 spermatozoa/mL) in IVF medium and co-incubated with cat oocytes matured in vitro for 18 h. Presumptive zygotes were cultured for 7 days. After 48 h, cleavage rate was evaluated, and non-cleaved structures were stained for IVF evaluation. On days 5 and 7, the rate of morula and blastocyst formation was assessed. Data were analyzed using the Fisher exact test (p < 0.05). No difference was observed between ACP-117c and Tris extenders, respectively, for oocytes with 2nd polar body (2/51, 3.9 ± 2.9% vs. 2/56, 3.6 ± 3.1%), pronuclear structures (5/51, 9.8 ± 4.7% vs. 8/56, 14.3 ± 8.0%), and total IVF rates (7/36, 19.4 ± 5.0% vs. 10/37, 27.0 ± 13.8%). All the samples fertilized the oocytes, with 22.9 ± 3.2% (16/70) and 16.7 ± 3.6% (12/72) cleavage of mature oocytes for ACP-117c and Tris extenders, respectively. Morula rates of 4.3 ± 2.3% (3/70) and 5.6 ± 2.2% (4/72) were observed for ACP-117c and Tris, respectively. Only the Tris extender demonstrated blastocyst production (2/12, 16.7 ± 1.5% blastocyst/cleavage). We demonstrated that jaguar ejaculates cryopreserved using ACP-117c and Tris were suitable for IVF techniques, with blastocyst production by ejaculates cryopreserved in Tris. This is a first report of embryos produced in vitro using jaguar sperm and domestic cat oocytes through IVF.
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de Oliveira LRM, Aquino LVCD, Santos MVDO, Freitas VJDF, Bertini LM, Pereira AF. Effects of different concentrations of eugenol in maturation medium on bovine oocytes, oxidative status and preimplantation embryos. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an21197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ContextEugenol is a bioactive compound with defined attributes, including a role in reducing oxidative stress. Therefore, it is an interesting candidate for in vitro embryo production that has an environment that favours the formation of reactive oxygen species.AimThe objective of the study was to evaluate different concentrations of eugenol in bovine oocytes during in vitro maturation to observe the oxidative status and embryonic development.MethodsOocytes were allocated into five groups: control (without antioxidant), 100μM cysteamine, 83μM eugenol (E83), 100μM eugenol and 120μM eugenol. Three experiments were performed with 23 replicates. Oocytes were evaluated for metaphase II, first polar body, cytoplasmic maturation, cumulus cell expansion and viability. Oxidative status was measured by mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species and glutathione. Oocytes were artificially activated and cultured in vitro.Key resultsThe presence of eugenol at 83μM improved the metaphase II rate compared with all treatments (P<0.05). E83 and 100μM cysteamine improved first polar body extrusion, cumulus cell expansion, viability and mitochondrial aggregation rates (P<0.05). All antioxidant treatments resulted in increased cytoplasmic maturation and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.05). Reactive oxygen species levels decreased, and glutathione levels increased with E83 and 100μM cysteamine treatments (P<0.05). Finally, the E83 group increased the cleavage rates, embryo development, number of expanded blastocysts and number of blastomeres (P<0.05).ConclusionsA low concentration of eugenol (83μM) is sufficient to generate a significant effect, attenuating the oxidative status and optimising in vitro maturation and embryo development.ImplicationsThis study provides information of a new natural antioxidant with defined concentration, 83μM eugenol, representing a lower cost alternative capable of improving the efficiency of in vitro embryo production in cattle.
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da Silva Viana JV, de Medeiros Paiva Moura LF, Praxedes EA, Costa de Aquino LV, do Nascimento MB, Prazeres Junior FR, de Oliveira MF, Pereira AF. Effects of vitrification techniques on the formation of skin cryobank of the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). CRYO LETTERS 2022; 44:47-56. [PMID: 36625875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cryobanks represent important tools for the conservation of the maximum genetic representation of a population, especially those with a certain degree of threat to extinction, such as the ocelot. A relevant step towards the proper establishment of these banks is the definition of adequate cryopreservation techniques for the conservation of the skin. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of two different techniques [direct vitrification in cryovials (DVC) and solid-surface vitrification (SSV)] for the preservation of ear skin derived from ocelot. MATERIALS & METHODS For both techniques, we vitrified the ear skin using Dulbeccos modified Eagles medium with 3.0 M dimethyl sulfoxide, 0.25 M sucrose, and 10% fetal bovine serum. Non-cryopreserved tissues were used as control (control group). All tissues were analyzed for their morphometric characteristics by conventional histology and morphological / functional analysis by cell ability during the culture. RESULTS While tissues cryopreserved by DVC showed similar values for dermis thickness and number of perinuclear halos to the control, tissues cryopreserved by SSV showed similarities to the control regarding the number of melanocytes, percentage of collagen fibers, and numbers of viable cells by apoptosis analysis. Additionally, none of the vitrification techniques affected stratum corneum thickness, number of keratinocytes, tissue proliferative activity, cell viability, or metabolism. CONCLUSION Both vitrification techniques (DVC and SSV) can be used for the conservation of ocelot skin; however, SSV guarantees a higher cellular quality after in vitro tissue culture in most of the parameters evaluated, such as viability, metabolism, and apoptosis analysis. doi.org/10.54680/fr23110110412.
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Praxedes ÉCG, Bezerra LGP, Moreira SSJ, Santos CS, Brasil AV, Silva AMD, Guerreiro DD, Pereira AF, Rodrigues APR, Silva AR. Microbiological load and preantral follicle preservation using different systems for ovarian tissue vitrification in the red-rumped agouti. Cryobiology 2021; 103:123-128. [PMID: 34454959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of open and closed systems used for ovarian tissue vitrification on the microbiological load and preservation of preantral follicles (PAFs) in the red-rumped agoutis. The ovaries from eight females were recovered and fragmented, with four cortexes fragments immediately fixed and evaluated (fresh group). The other fragments were processed for the solid-surface vitrification method (SSV) or an ovarian tissue cryosystem (OTC) using fetal calf serum, ethylene glycol, and sucrose as cryoprotectants, stored for two weeks, and rewarmed. Subsequently, fragments were subjected to a 24-h in vitro culture and assessed for microbiological load, PAF morphology, and DNA integrity. There was no fungal contamination; however, the vitrified samples from two individuals showed bacterial contamination of 79 200 colony forming units per milliliter (CFU)/mL for SSV and 3120 CFU/mL for OTC. From those samples, a total of eight different types of bacterial colonies were isolated and identified as coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Gram-positive bacilli. Regarding PAF morphology, both systems provided adequate preservation, with values higher than 70% normal follicles observed before and after culture. The TUNEL assay revealed that both SSV (52.39%) and OTC (41.67%) could preserve DNA integrity after vitrification and after 24 h of culture. In summary, both open and closed systems were equally efficient in preserving agouti ovarian tissues, especially concerning the preantral follicle morphology and DNA integrity; however, the OTC seems to provide a less adequate environment for bacterial proliferation.
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Rodrigues LLV, do Nascimento MB, Costa de Aquino LV, Caritas Barros Dos Santos MD, Silva AR, de Oliveira MF, Pereira AF. Evaluation of different cryoprotectant solutions for the cryopreservation of somatic tissues of Dasyprocta leporina (Linnaeus, 1758). CRYO LETTERS 2021; 42:210-219. [PMID: 35363840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic tissue banks represent important tools for the conservation of wild mammals, aiming at the immediate maintenance and safeguarding of biological samples. For agouti, Dasyprocta leporina, studies on the formation of these banks are still scarce, especially regarding protocols of the best cryoprotectant solution employed. OBJECTIVE To optimize the cryoprotectant solution [ethylene glycol (EG), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sucrose (SUC)] used for the cryopreservation of agouti somatic tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS We treated ear tissues with various cryoprotectant solutions: 3.0 M EG (EG group), 3.0 M EG and 0.25 M SUC (EG-SUC group), 3.0 M DMSO (DMSO group), 3.0 M DMSO and 0.25 M SUC (DMSO-SUC group), 1.5 M EG and 1.5 M DMSO (EG-DMSO group) and 1.5 M EG, 1.5 M DMSO and 0.25 M SUC (EG-DMSO-SUC group). Non-cryopreserved tissues were used as controls. All tissues were analyzed for their ultrastructural and morphometric characteristics by scanning electron microscopy and conventional histology. RESULTS EG-DMSO-SUC was found to be the optimal cryoprotectant solution in terms of the evaluated parameters, such as thickness of the dermis and skin, number of perinuclear halos, proliferative potential, number of empty lacunas and degenerated chondrocytes. CONCLUSION Agouti somatic tissue cryopreservation may serve for its conservation and as an experimental model for the development of preservation methods for species of the same genus that are either vulnerable or critically endangered.
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