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Denis-Robichaud J, Oliveira AP, Sica A, Soriano S, Araújo RL, Pereira MHC, Pohler KG, Cerri RLA, Vasconcelos JLM. Is prolonged luteal phase a problem in lactating Holstein cows? J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00825-7. [PMID: 38788835 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the main objective was to assess if long luteal phases could have other causes than pregnancy losses. We enrolled Holstein dairy cows ≥50 d in milk (DIM) from a commercial herd in Brazil from October 2016 to August 2017. All cows received an estradiol-based synchronization protocol, and, on the day of insemination (d 0), were randomly assigned either an artificial insemination (AI) or a placebo insemination (PBO) in a 3:1 ratio. An ultrasound was used to assess the presence of a CL on d17, 24, and 31, which, combined to the information from patches for the detection of estrus, was used to determine the length of the luteal phase following AI or PBO. Pregnancy was assessed by ultrasound on d 31 and cows that were pregnant were excluded from the analyses. The length of the estrous cycles was categorized as short (<17 d), normal (17-23 d), long (24-30 d), and very long (≥31 d). We compared the proportion of cows in each category between the AI and PBO groups using a cumulative ordinal mixed model. We define prolonged luteal phase as estrous cycles ≥24 d and tested its association with potential risk factors (parity, season, DIM, uterine size and position score, milk production, body condition score, and the presence of a corpus luteum (CL) at enrollment to the synchronization protocol) using mixed logistic regression models. Results are presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% credible intervals (BCI). Data from 876 inseminations (AI: n = 616, PBO: n = 260) was collected. Overall, 12% of estrous cycles were short, 31% were normal, 19% were long, and 38% were very long. There was no difference in the odds of being in longer estrous cycle categories for the AI compared with the PBO group (OR = 0.92, 95% BCI = 0.76-1.10). Season and presence of a CL at enrollment were associated with prolonged luteal phase. In the AI group, there was a possible effect of early pregnancy losses on the lifespan of the CL, but not the PBO group, which led us to conclude that long and very long estrous cycles were not all caused by the embryonic loss. In fact, the high prevalence of cows with an extended CL lifespan in the present study suggests this could be an under- or miss-reported characteristic of high-producing lactating Holstein cows. This finding may have important repercussions in the understanding of the CL function physiology of lactating Holstein cows.
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Motta JHS, Santos LC, Dutra FM, Souza AB, Polese MF, Glória LS, Oliveira AP, Ballester ELC. Acute toxicity of total ammonia to Macrobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae at different salinity levels. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e276323. [PMID: 38597517 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.276323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen compounds, particularly ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, are a major problem in shrimp production systems. These compounds can accumulate in the aquatic environment and reach harmful or even lethal levels. Thus, monitoring the levels of nitrogenous compounds such as ammonia and studying their effects on the animals are essential. One tool used for this purpose is acute toxicity testing based on the evaluation of LC50 values. Furthermore, tools that can help improve the performance of aquatic organisms in culture are needed. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of salinity on the toxicity of total ammonia to postlarvae of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. For this purpose, acute toxicity testing (LC50-96h) was performed using 540 postlarvae with a mean weight of 0.13 g and a mean total length of 2.47 cm, divided into 54 experimental units of two liters each. A completely randomized design in a 3×6 factorial scheme was used, combining three salinities (0, 5, and 10 g.L-1) and six total ammonia concentrations (0, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 mg.L-1), with three replicates per combination. The LC50 values for M. rosenbergii postlarvae at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h and their respective confidence intervals (95%) were estimated using the trimmed Spearman-Karber method. The results showed that salinities of 5 or 10 g.L-1 did not reduce the acute toxicity of total ammonia.
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Chaves LS, Oliveira ACP, Pinho SS, Sousa GC, Oliveira AP, Lopes ALF, Pacheco G, Nolêto IRSG, Nicolau LAD, Ribeiro FOS, Sombra VG, Araújo TDS, Leite JRSA, Alves EHP, Vasconcelos DFP, Filho JDBM, Paula RCM, Silva DA, Medeiros JVR. Gastroprotective activity and physicochemical analysis of carboxymethylated gum from Anadenanthera colubrina. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129397. [PMID: 38219933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Biotechnological advancements require the physicochemical alteration of molecules to enhance their biological efficacy for the effective treatment of gastric ulcers. The study aimed to produce a polyelectrolytic compound from red angico gum (AG) by carboxymethylation, evaluate its physicochemical characteristics and investigate gastric protection against ethanol-induced ulcers. AG and carboxymethylated angico gum (CAG) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, determination of the degree of substitution and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13C NMR techniques. The results demonstrated that the modification of the polymer was satisfactory, presenting conformational changes e improving the interaction with the gastric mucosa. AG and CAG reduced macroscopic and microscopic damage such as edema, hemorrhage and cell loss caused by exposure of the mucosa to alcohol. Both demonstrated antioxidant activity in vitro, and in vivo, pretreatment with gums led to the restoration of superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels compared to the injured group. Concurrently, the levels of malondialdehyde and nitrite decreased. Atomic force microscopy showed that CAG presented better conformational properties of affinity and protection with the gastric mucosa compared to AG in the acidic pH. Based on our findings, it is suggested that this compound holds promise as a prospective product for future biotechnological applications.
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Herbster CJL, Oliveira AP, Brito Neto AS, Justino ES, Teixeira IAMA, Azevedo JAG, Santos SA, Silva LP, Marcondes MI, Oliveira RL, Bezerra LR, Pereira ES. Understanding the effect of sex on energy requirements of hair sheep. Animal 2024; 18:101071. [PMID: 38262856 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.101071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Differences and/or similarities in the influence of sex class for hair sheep requirements remain inconclusive. Knowledge of energy requirements allows well-formulated diets to be provided which is crucial for improving animal production. We aimed to determine the effect of sex class on the net energy requirements of growing hair sheep in a multi-study approach. We used a data set composed of individual measurements of 382 hair sheep (299 non-castrated and 83 castrated males) from 11 studies that used the methodology of comparative slaughter. Net energy requirements for maintenance (NEm) were obtained by the regression between heat production and metabolizable energy intake. The metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance (MEm) were calculated by the iterative method, and the efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for maintenance (km) was obtained by NEm divided by MEm. The net energy requirements for gain (NEg) were estimated from retained energy (RE) against empty BW gain (EBWG). The efficiency of energy use for weight gain (kg) was obtained from the relationship between RE and the energy metabolizable intake for gain, removing the intercept. There was an effect of sex on NEg and two equations were generated: NEg (MJ/day) = 1.040 (±0.04055) × EBW0.75 × EBWG0.8767(±0.03293) and NEg (MJ/day) = 1.040 (±0.04055) × EBW0.75 × EBWG0.8300(±0.03468) (R2 = 0.86; MSE = 0.0037; AIC = -468.0) for non-castrated and castrated males, respectively. Sex class did not affect kg (P > 0.05) and one kg was generated (0.29). Sex did not affect kprotein (P = 0.14) and kfat (P = 0.32), assuming an average deposition efficiency of 0.27 for protein and 0.78 for fat. The NEm and MEm did not differ (P > 0.05) between sex classes, with a value of 0.272 and 0.427 MJ/kg0.75 EBW per day, respectively. The km observed was 0.64. In conclusion, non-castrated and castrated male hair sheep have similar maintenance energy requirements although energy requirements for gain differed among them. The Committees overestimate the gain and maintenance requirements for hair sheep. Therefore, the equations generated in this study are recommended.
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Thaumaturgo N, Souza CRF, Fialho TJNA, Liarth RS, Oliveira AP, Guimarães D, Felix VS, Pimenta AR, Oliveira ALC, Oliveira MB, Oliveira MA, Ferreira DSR, Freitas RP. Analysis of brazilian paintings of the 20th century: Suspects and authentics through in situ and Non-Invasive techniques. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123431. [PMID: 37748336 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
This work studied suspicious and authentic artworks by Brazilian painters Ivan Serpa, Ismael Nery, and Iberê Camargo by XRF, FTIR, OM, and MA-XRF techniques. The studies made it possible to verify that all suspicious artworks are counterfeit artifacts. The analyses were conducted in situ, and different approaches were applied for data treatment. For example, principal component analysis and spectral deconvolution were performed on the XRF data. From these methods, it was possible to verify that the suspect artworks by Ivan Serpa and Iberê Camargo have different materiality than the authentic paintings. Additionally, MA-XRF images did not reveal the presence of a polychrome preparation layer in the suspicious paintings by Ivan Serpa. The suspect artworks from Ismael Nery exhibited a Ca-K/Ti-K ratio that indicates they were created on a low-quality paper support, which is not suitable for paintings. The differences in materials used in the suspicious and authentic artworks are further supported by the FTIR and OM results. In addition to the physicochemical analysis, the paintings were studies graphotechnical examinations, financial evaluations, and artistic analyses that demonstrated they were counterfeit artifacts. The results of the analysis demonstrate how physicochemical techniques can contribute to the forensic investigation of paintings. However, this work highlights the importance of applying distinct treatments to the XRF data in order to accentuate the differences between the suspect and authentic artworks.
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Pinto D, Rato ND, Garcia C, Teixeira M, Marques MJ, Amaral T, Amaral L, Ruivo P, Abreu R, Oliveira AP, Carneiro C, Figueiredo D, Polónia J, Mesquita-Bastos J, Viana JL, Pescatello LS, Ribeiro F, Alves AJ. EFFECTS OF HOME-BASED ISOMETRIC HANDGRIP OR AEROBIC EXERCISE TRAINING IN OLDER ADULTS WITH PRE-HYPERTENSION AND HYPERTENSION. J Hypertens 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000838220.85703.0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pinto D, Dias N, Garcia C, Teixeira M, Marques EA, Marques MJ, Amaral T, Amaral L, Ruivo P, Abreu R, Carneiro C, Oliveira AP, Figueiredo D, Polónia J, Mesquita-Bastos J, Viana JL, Pescatello LS, Ribeiro F, Alves AJ. EFFECTS OF HOME-BASED ISOMETRIC HANDGRIP TRAINING OR AEROBIC TRAINING ON OFFICE BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH HIGH NORMAL BP TO ESTABLISHED HYPERTENSION -PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE HOLDAGE TRIAL. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(22)02560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Oliveira AP, Alencar A, Jalbert G, Rocha AB. Electron-molecule collisions with explicit rovibrational resolution at MRCI level and using even tempered basis sets. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:194110. [PMID: 34800958 DOI: 10.1063/5.0066256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for calculating the generalized oscillator strengths (GOSs) and differential cross section (DCS) with vibration and rotation resolution is presented. The importance of accounting for the rotational contribution is to be emphasized since it has not previously been considered in GOS calculations. Although largely neglected due to its small effect on various properties, the rotational resolution proved to be fundamental in the study of certain phenomena, such as the interference between rotational states in a molecule. As the general goal of this work is to obtain theoretical values comparable to high resolution experiments, special care was taken on the calculation of the electronic part of the scattering amplitude, particularly in what concerns the choice of the atomic basis set. Accordingly, even-tempered basis sets have proved to lead to good results. The helium atom was taken as a model system for this aspect of the problem. Then, GOS and DCS, for explicit vibrational and rotational transitions, were calculated for hydrogen and nitrogen molecules. For higher accuracy, a non-Franck-Condon approach was used to obtain transitions involving vibrational states. The resultant values have shown good agreement with the available experimental data.
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Costa SCC, Damasceno PKF, Lima RGG, Botura MB, Branco CRC, Silva TRS, Oliveira AP, Guimarães AL, Almeida JRGS, Branco A. Evaluation of antioxidant, photoprotective and antinociceptive activities of Marcetia macrophylla extract: potential for formulation of sunscreens. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246312. [PMID: 34550281 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant, photoprotective and antinociceptive Marcetia macrophylla active extract was investigated as an active ingredient in a sunscreen cream formulation. Thus, the M. macrophylla extract showed IC50 of 3.43 mg/ml of the antioxidant (DPPH∙ scavenging test) and Sun Protection Factor of 20.25 (SPF/UV-B, at 250 µg/ml) and UV-A of 78.09% (photobleaching trans-resveratrol test). The antinociceptive activity was superior to all standards tested using the in vivo acetic acid-induced writhing test (99.14% at the dose of 200 mg/kg) and the high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and mass spectroscopy multi-stage (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) enabled the structural characterization of the quercetin-3-O-hexoside, quercetin-3-O-pentoside and quercetin-3-O-desoxihexoside. The pharmaceutical formulation containing the Marcetia macrophylla crude active extract was prepared and the physicochemical tests (organoleptic characteristics, pH analysis and centrifugation), the in vitro UVB (sun protection factor, SPF) and UVA (β-carotene) using the spectroscopic method were investigated. The formulation showed satisfactory results concerning the physicochemical parameters evaluated and active against the UV test. Thus, M. macrophylla showed biological activities with potential use in pharmaceutical preparations.
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Sousa FBM, Pacheco G, Oliveira AP, Nicolau LAD, Lopes ALF, Ferreira-Fernandes H, Pinto GR, Medeiros JVR. Mechanism of preservation of the intestinal mucosa architecture and NF-κB/PGE2 reduction by hydrogen sulfide on cholera toxin-induced diarrhea in mice. Life Sci 2021; 284:119869. [PMID: 34358552 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Investigate the involvement of Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in inflammatory parameters and intestinal morphology caused by cholera toxin (CT) in mice. MAIN METHODS Mice were subjected to the procedure of inducing diarrhea by CT in the isolated intestinal loop model. The intestinal loops were inoculated with H2S donor molecules (NaHS and GYY 4137) or saline and CT. To study the role of EP2 and EP4 prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors in the H2S antisecretory effect, PAG (DL-propargylglycine - inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE)), PF-04418948 (EP2 antagonist) and ONO-AE3-208 (EP4 antagonist) were used. The intestinal loops were evaluated for intestinal secretion, relation of the depth of villi and intestinal crypts, and real-time PCR for the mRNA of the CXCL2, IL-6, NOS-2, IL-17, NF-κB1, NF-κBIA, SLC6A4 and IFN-γ genes. KEY FINDINGS H2S restored the villus/crypt depth ratio caused by CT. NaHS and GYY 4137 increased the expression of NF-κB1 and for the NF-κBIA gene, only GYY 4137 increased the expression of this gene. The increased expression of NF-κB inhibitors, NF-κB1 and NF-κBIA by H2S indicates a possible decrease in NF-κB activity. The pretreatment with PAG reversed the protective effect of PF-04418948 and ONO-AE3-208, indicating that H2S probably decreases PGE2 because in the presence of antagonists of this pathway, PAG promotes intestinal secretion. SIGNIFICANCE Our results point to a protective activity of H2S against CT for promoting a protection of villus and crypt intestine morphology and also that its mechanism occurs at least in part due to decreasing the activity of NF-κB and PGE2.
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Pacheco G, Oliveira AP, Noleto IRSG, Araújo AK, Lopes ALF, Sousa FBM, Chaves LS, Alves EHP, Vasconcelos DFP, Araujo AR, Nicolau LD, Magierowski M, Medeiros JVR. Activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 4 contributes to the development of ethanol-induced gastric injury in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 902:174113. [PMID: 33901460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 4 (TRPV4) is associated with the development of several pathologies, particularly gastric disorders. However, there are no studies associating this receptor with the pathophysiology of gastric erosions. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TRPV4 in the development of ethanol-induced gastric damage in vivo. Gastric lesions were induced by ethanol in Swiss mice pretreated with TRPV4 antagonists, GSK2193874 (0.1; 0.3 and 0.9 mg/kg) or Ruthenium red (0.03; 0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg) or its agonist, GSK1016790A (0.9 mg/kg). Gastric mucosal samples were taken for histopathology, immunohistochemistry, atomic force microscopy and evaluation of antioxidant parameters. The gastric mucus content and TRPV4 mRNA expression were analyzed. Ethanol exposure induced upregulation of gastric mRNA and protein expression of TRPV4. TRPV4 blockade promoted gastroprotection against ethanol-induced injury on macro- and microscopic levels, leading to reduced hemorrhage, cell loss and edema and enhanced gastric mucosal integrity. Moreover, an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activity was observed, followed by a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. TRPV4 blockade during alcohol challenge reestablished gastric mucus content. The combination of TRPV4 agonist and ethanol revealed macroscopic exacerbation of gastric damage area. Our results confirmed the association of TRPV4 with the development of gastric injury, showing the importance of this receptor for further investigations in the field of gastrointestinal pathophysiology and pharmacology.
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Souza LKM, Nogueira KM, Araújo TSL, Sousa NA, Sousa FBM, Oliveira AP, Sales T, Silva K, Rocha TM, Leal LKAM, Magalhães PJC, Souza MHLP, Medeiros JVR. Anti-diarrheal therapeutic potential of diminazene aceturate stimulation of the ACE II/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis in mice: A trial study. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114500. [PMID: 33684388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The angiotensin (Ang) II converting enzyme (ACE II) pathway has recently been shown to be associated with several beneficial effects on the body, especially on the cardiac system and gastrointestinal tract. ACE II is responsible for converting Ang II into the active peptide Ang-(1-7), which in turn binds to a metabotropic receptor, the Mas receptor (MasR). Recent studies have demonstrated that Diminazene Aceturate (DIZE), a trypanosomicide used in animals, activates the ACE II pathway. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal effects promoted by the administration of DIZE to activate the ACE II/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis in induced diarrhea mice models. The results show that activation of the ACE II pathway exerts antidiarrheal effects that reduce total diarrheal stools and enteropooling. In addition, it increases Na+/K+-ATPase activity and reduces gastrointestinal transit and thus inhibits contractions of intestinal smooth muscle; decreases transepithelial electrical resistance, epithelial permeability, PGE2-induced diarrhea, and proinflammatory cytokines; and increases anti-inflammatory cytokines. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated that DIZE, when activating the ACE II/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis, can still interact with GM1 receptors, which reduces cholera toxin-induced diarrhea. Therefore, activation of the ACE II/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis can be an important pharmacological target for the treatment of diarrheal diseases.
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Sousa FBM, Nolêto IRSG, Chaves LS, Pacheco G, Oliveira AP, Fonseca MMV, Medeiros JVR. A comprehensive review of therapeutic approaches available for the treatment of cholera. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1715-1731. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The oral rehydration solution is the most efficient method to treat cholera; however, it does not interfere in the action mechanism of the main virulence factor produced by Vibrio cholerae, the cholera toxin (CT), and this disease still stands out as a problem for human health worldwide. This review aimed to describe therapeutic alternatives available in the literature, especially those related to the search for molecules acting upon the physiopathology of cholera.
Key findings
New molecules have offered a protection effect against diarrhoea induced by CT or even by infection from V. cholerae. The receptor regulator cystic fibrosis channel transmembrane (CFTR), monosialoganglioside (GM1), enkephalinase, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibitors of expression of virulence factors and activators of ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase are the main therapeutic targets studied. Many of these molecules or extracts still present unclear action mechanisms.
Conclusions
Knowing therapeutic alternatives and their molecular mechanisms for the treatment of cholera could guide us to develop a new drug that could be used in combination with the rehydration solution.
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Oliveira AP, Silva AL, Viana LG, Silva MG, Lavor ÉM, Oliveira-Júnior RG, Alencar-Filho EB, Lima RS, Mendes RL, Rolim LA, Anjos DS, Ferraz LR, Rolim-Neto PJ, Silva MF, Pessoa CDÓ, Almeida JR. β-Cyclodextrin complex improves the bioavailability and antitumor potential of cirsiliol, a flavone isolated from Leonotis nepetifolia (Lamiaceae). Heliyon 2019; 5:e01692. [PMID: 31720439 PMCID: PMC6838880 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cirsiliol is a flavone found in many Lamiaceae species with high cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines. Although cirsiliol is being used in cancer therapy, its pharmacological potential is limited by its low solubility and bioavailability. In this paper, a cirsiliol-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was developed in order to increase its solubility and bioavailability. The formation of inclusion complex was proved by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and solubility increment was verified through the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) method. The cytotoxic effect against tumor cells (PC3, HCT-116 and HL-60 human cell lines, and S-180 murine cell line) and the antitumor activity in mice bearing sarcoma S-180 were also investigated. The inclusion complex was obtained with 71.45% of total recovery and solubility 2.1 times higher compared to the compound in its free form. This increment in solubility was responsible by a tumor growth inhibition potentiation (1.5 times greater compared to compound in its free form). In addition, this study showed that cirsiliol and its inclusion complex in β-cyclodextrin have strong antitumor potential at low doses without promoting side effects commonly observed for conventional drugs as doxorubicin.
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Nolêto IR, Iles B, Alencar MS, Lopes AL, Oliveira AP, Pacheco G, Sousa FB, Araújo AR, Alves EH, Vasconcelos DF, Leal LKA, Araújo AJ, Filho JDB, Medeiros JVR. Alendronate-induced gastric damage in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic rats is reversed by metformin. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 856:172410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Oliveira AP, Souza LKM, Araújo TSL, Araújo SD, Nogueira KM, Sousa FBM, Silva RO, Pacífico DM, Martins CS, Brito GADC, Souza MHLP, Medeiros JVR. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 Protects against Gastric Damage Induced by Ethanol Administration in Mice: Role of TRPV1/Substance P Axis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010208. [PMID: 30669695 PMCID: PMC6356937 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (DSM) on ethanol-induced gastric injury, and if its possible mechanism of action is related to inhibiting the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1). We evaluated the effect of supplementing 10⁸ CFU•g body wt-1•day-1 of DSM on ethanol-induced gastric injury. DSM significantly reduced the ulcer area (1.940 ± 1.121 mm²) with 3 days of pretreatment. The effects of DSM supplementation were reversed by Resiniferatoxin (RTX), TRPV1 agonist (3 nmol/kg p.o.). Substance P (SP) (1 μmol/L per 20 g) plus 50% ethanol resulted in hemorrhagic lesions, and DSM supplementation did not reverse the lesion area induced by administering SP. TRPV1 staining intensity was lower, SP, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite levels were reduced, and restored normal levels of antioxidant parameters (glutathione and superoxide dismutase) in the gastric mucosa in mice treated with DSM. In conclusion, DSM exhibited gastroprotective activity through decreased expression of TRPV1 receptor and decreasing SP levels, with a consequent reduction of oxidative stress.
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Teixeira C, Martins C, Dantas E, Trabulo D, Mangualde J, Freire R, Alves AL, Cremers I, Oliveira AP. Interval colorectal cancer after colonoscopy. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2018; 84:284-289. [PMID: 30107945 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Interval colorectal cancer (iCRC) can occur due to missed lesions or to a newly developed lesion. The present study aimed to assess the iCRC rate and its characteristics in our population and find possible explanations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed between January 2011 and January 2015 at our department. Demographics, endoscopic data, and tumor characteristics (location, histology, staging) were collected. We identified patients diagnosed with CCR who underwent colonoscopy at our department in the previous 10years and presented the disease (iCRC) before the date of their next recommended exam. The cases of iCRC were characterized and compared with other CRC cases. Possible explanations for the appearance of iCRC were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 266 patients presented with CRC, 61.7% were men, and mean patient age was 70.7years. We identified 10 patients with iCRC: 6 were men, and mean patient age was 71.1years. Mean time for iCRC diagnosis after index colonoscopy was 3.5±1.84years. Tumor was located in the right colon in 50% of the patients with iCRC and in 24.5% of the patients without iCRC (P=.091). More patients with iCRC had a family history of CRC (50%) than the patients with reference CRC (3.1%) (P=.000). CONCLUSIONS In our case series, 3.76% of all CRC were iCRC. There were no statistically significant differences between patients with or without iCRC, with the exception of family history of CRC.
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de Araújo S, Oliveira AP, Sousa FBM, Souza LKM, Pacheco G, Filgueiras MC, Nicolau LAD, Brito GAC, Cerqueira GS, Silva RO, Souza MHLP, Medeiros JVR. AMPK activation promotes gastroprotection through mutual interaction with the gaseous mediators H 2S, NO, and CO. Nitric Oxide 2018; 78:60-71. [PMID: 29857061 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) stimulates production of the gaseous mediators nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), which are involved in mucosal defense and gastroprotection. As AMPK itself has gastroprotective effects against several gastric ulcer etiologies, in the present study, we aimed to elucidate whether AMPK may also prevent ethanol-induced injury and play a key role in the associated gastroprotection mediated by hydrogen sulfide (H2S), NO, and CO. Mice were pretreated with AICAR (20 mg/kg, an AMPK activator) alone or with 50% ethanol. Other groups were pretreated with respective gaseous mediator inhibitors PAG, l-NAME, or ZnPP IX 30 min prior to AICAR, or with gaseous mediator donors NaHS, Lawesson's reagent and l-cysteine (H2S), SNP, l-Arginine (NO), Hemin, or CORM-2 (CO) 30 min prior to ethanol with or without compound C (10 mg/kg, a non-selective AMPK inhibitor). H2S, nitrate/nitrite (NO3-/NO2-), bilirubin levels, GSH and MDA concentration were evaluated in the gastric mucosa. The gastric mucosa was also collected for histopathological analysis and AMPK expression assessment by immunohistochemistry. Pretreatment with AICAR attenuated the ethanol-induced injury and increased H2S and bilirubin levels but not NO3-/NO2- levels in the gastric mucosa. In addition, inhibition of H2S, NO, or CO synthesis exacerbated the ethanol-induced gastric damage and inhibited the gastroprotection by AICAR. Pretreatment with compound C reversed the gastroprotective effect of NaHS, Lawesson's reagent, l-cysteine, SNP, l-Arginine, CORM-2, or Hemin. Compound C also reversed the effect of NaHS on H2S production, SNP on NO3-/NO2- levels, and Hemin on bilirubin levels. Immunohistochemistry revealed that AMPK is present at basal levels mainly in the gastric mucosa cells, and was increased by pretreatment with NaHS, SNP, and CORM-2. In conclusion, our findings indicate that AMPK activation exerts gastroprotection against ethanol-induced gastric damage and mutually interacts with H2S, NO, or CO to facilitate this process.
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Faria WCS, Martinelli RC, Arcas AS, Da Silva Junior IF, Colodel EM, Cavenaghi DFLC, Oliveira AP, Barros WM. Acute and Subacute Toxicity Study on Dietary Supplementation with Soy Isoflavones in Wistar Rats. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401313666170821154016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Souza GR, Oliveira-Junior RG, Diniz TC, Branco A, Lima-Saraiva SRG, Guimarães AL, Oliveira AP, Pacheco AGM, Silva MG, Moraes-Filho MO, Costa MP, Pessoa CÓ, Almeida JRGS. Assessment of the antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of Morus nigra L. (Moraceae). BRAZ J BIOL 2017; 78:248-254. [PMID: 28832831 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.05316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of extracts of Morus nigra L. HPLC was used to determine the fingerprint chromatogram of the crude ethanolic extract (Mn-EtOH). The antibacterial effect was assessed through the method of microdilution. The cytotoxicity was tested against human tumour cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also assessed through the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging and β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching methods. The presence of phenolic compounds in Mn-EtOH was confirmed using HPLC. The extracts showed activity against most microorganisms tested. The extracts did not show any expressive antiproliferative effect in the assessment of cytotoxicity. The most significant total phenolic content was 153.00 ± 11.34 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g to the ethyl acetate extract (AcOEt). The total flavonoid content was 292.50 ± 70.34 mg of catechin equivalent/g to the AcOEt extract, which presented the best antioxidant activity (IC50 50.40 ± 1.16 μg/mL) for DPPH scavenging. We can conclude that this species shows strong antibacterial and antioxidant activities, as well as weak cytotoxic effects.
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Oliveira AP, Cabeçadas G, Mateus MD. Inorganic carbon distribution and CO 2 fluxes in a large European estuary (Tagus, Portugal). Sci Rep 2017; 7:7376. [PMID: 28785089 PMCID: PMC5547103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten field cruises were carried out in Tagus estuary from 1999 to 2007 to study the dynamics of the inorganic carbon system. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) increased with salinity. DIC and TA were generally conservative in the estuarine mixing zone (salinity > 10), while a complex distribution pattern was observed at the upper estuary. DIC values peaked 1786.9 ± 155.8 µmol kg−1 at that segment. Estimated annual mean fluxes of DIC were 0.27 Tg C yr−1 from the river to the estuary, and 0.37 Tg C yr−1 from here to the coastal area. The Tagus estuary was always CO2 supersaturated, with partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) reaching 9160 µatm in the upper estuary. An average emission of 0.11 Tg C yr−1 was estimated from the estuary to the atmosphere, corresponding to 23% of exported DIC. Only 8% of the riverine DIC was ventilated. The non-conservative behaviour of CO2 parameters in the estuary segment under freshwater influence was attributed to alternations in the relevance of riverine/terrestrial runoff, photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, organic matter mineralization and CaCO3 precipitation/dissolution.
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Silva IS, Nicolau LAD, Sousa FBM, Araújo SD, Oliveira AP, Araújo TSL, Souza LKM, Martins CS, Aquino PEA, Carvalho LL, Silva RO, Rolim-Neto PJ, Medeiros JVR. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous extract and polysaccharide fraction of Thuja occidentalis Linn. in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:1105-1116. [PMID: 28751047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective reaction of the microcirculation. However, sustained inflammation can lead to undesired effects. Thuja occidentalis Linn has many pharmacological properties but has no anti-inflammatory activity described. Thus, this study aims evaluating the anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract (AE) and the polysaccharide fraction (PLS) of T. occidentalis L. in mice. The results of our evaluations in various experimental models indicated that AE and PLS (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, i.p.) reduced (p˂0.05) paw edema induced by carrageenan, dextran sulfate (DEX), compound 48/80, serotonin (5-HT), bradykinin (BK), histamine (HIST), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Furthermore, it inhibited neutrophils recruitment; decreased MPO activity, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, vascular permeability, nitrite concentration, and MDA concentration; and maintained the GSH levels in the peritoneal exudate. The AE and PLS reduced neutrophil infiltration and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunostaining in paw tissue. Treatment with the AE and PLS (300mg/kg) did not induce gastric toxicity. In conclusion, these results show that the AE and PLS reduced the inflammatory response by inhibiting vascular and cellular events, inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and reducing oxidative stress. Furthermore, they did not induce gastric toxicity at high doses.
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Alencar Filho JMD, Araújo LDC, Oliveira AP, Guimarães AL, Pacheco AG, Silva FS, Cavalcanti LS, Lucchese AM, Almeida JRDS, Araújo ECDC. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil from leaves of Croton heliotropiifolius in different seasons of the year. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Oliveira AP, Pereira ES, Biffani S, Medeiros AN, Silva AMA, Oliveira RL, Marcondes MI. Meta-analysis of the energy and protein requirements of hair sheep raised in the tropical region of Brazil. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e52-e60. [PMID: 28252227 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate, through mathematical models, energy and protein requirements for maintenance and gain of hair sheep raised in the tropical region of Brazil. To determine the equation parameters, a meta-analysis of seven independent experiments of nutrient requirements was performed, comprising a total of 243 experimental units (animals), which were conducted under tropical conditions, using hair sheep in growing and finishing phases and endowed of the following quantitative data for each animal: body weight (BW), empty body weight (EBW), average daily gain (ADG), empty body gain (EBG), heat production (HP), metabolizable energy intake (MEI), retained energy (RE), metabolizable protein intake (MPI) and body protein content. The regression equations generated were as follows: for Net Energy for maintenance, (NEm ): LogHP(MJEBW-0.75day-1)=-0.6090(±0.07470)+0.5149(±0.07216)×MEI(MJEBW-0.75day-1); for Net Energy for gain, (NEg ): LogRE(MJEBW-0.75day-1)=0.03084(±0.05334)+0.8455(±0.04355)×LogEBG(kg/day); for Metabolizable Protein for maintenance,(MPm ): MPI(g/day) = 24.8470 (±7.3646) + 560.28 (±99.6582) × EBG(kg/day) ; for Net Protein for gain, (NPg ): NPg(kg/day)=0.1941×EBW(kg)-0.1058. The NEm requirement was 0.246 MJ EBW-0.75 day-1 . The metabolizable energy for maintenance requirement was 0.391 MJ EBW-0.75 day-1 . Considering an ADG of 100 g, the NEg requirement ranged from 0.496 to 1.701 MJ/day for animals with BW ranging from 10 to 40 kg respectively. The efficiencies of use of the metabolizable energy for maintenance and gain were 0.63 and 0.36 respectively. The MPm requirement was 3.097 g EBW-0.75 day-1 . Considering an ADG of 100 g, the NPg requirement ranged from 12.4 to 10.5 g/day for animals with BW ranging from 10 to 40 kg respectively. The total metabolizable energy and protein requirements were lower than those reported by the NRC and AFRC systems. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that nutrient requirements of hair sheep raised in tropical regions differ from wool sheep raised in temperate regions. Therefore, the use of the equations designed in this study is recommended.
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Castro JM, Amorim MCP, Oliveira AP, Gonçalves EJ, Munday PL, Simpson SD, Faria AM. Painted Goby Larvae under High-CO2 Fail to Recognize Reef Sounds. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170838. [PMID: 28125690 PMCID: PMC5268378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric CO2 levels have been increasing at an unprecedented rate due to anthropogenic activity. Consequently, ocean pCO2 is increasing and pH decreasing, affecting marine life, including fish. For many coastal marine fishes, selection of the adult habitat occurs at the end of the pelagic larval phase. Fish larvae use a range of sensory cues, including sound, for locating settlement habitat. This study tested the effect of elevated CO2 on the ability of settlement-stage temperate fish to use auditory cues from adult coastal reef habitats. Wild late larval stages of painted goby (Pomatoschistus pictus) were exposed to control pCO2 (532 μatm, pH 8.06) and high pCO2 (1503 μatm, pH 7.66) conditions, likely to occur in nearshore regions subjected to upwelling events by the end of the century, and tested in an auditory choice chamber for their preference or avoidance to nighttime reef recordings. Fish reared in control pCO2 conditions discriminated reef soundscapes and were attracted by reef recordings. This behaviour changed in fish reared in the high CO2 conditions, with settlement-stage larvae strongly avoiding reef recordings. This study provides evidence that ocean acidification might affect the auditory responses of larval stages of temperate reef fish species, with potentially significant impacts on their survival.
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