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Palitsky R, Reznik SJ, Kaplan DM, Anderson MR, Athey A, Brodt MA, Coffino JA, Egbert A, Hallowell ES, Fox-Fuller JT, Han GT, Hartmann MA, Herbitter C, Herrera Legon M, Hughes C, Hosking CR, Jao NC, Kassel MT, P. Le TA, Levin-Aspenson HF, López G, Maroney MR, Medrano M, Rogers ML, Stevenson B. Inclusion of Trainee Stakeholders Is Necessary for Effective Change in Health-Service-Psychology Internship Training. Clin Psychol Sci 2024; 12:189-195. [PMID: 39069996 PMCID: PMC11281477 DOI: 10.1177/21677026231156598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In a recent call to action, we described pressing issues in the health-service-psychology (HSP) internship from the perspective of interns. In our article, we sought to initiate a dialogue that would include trainees and bring about concrete changes. The commentaries on our article are a testament to the readiness of the field to engage in such a dialogue, and we applaud the actionable recommendations that they make. In our response to these commentaries, we seek to move the conversation further forward. We observe two themes that cut across these responses: the impetus to gather novel data on training (the "need to know") and the importance of taking action (the "need to act"). We emphasize that in new efforts to gather data and take policy-level action, the inclusion of trainee stakeholders (as well as others involved in and affected by HSP training) is a crucial ingredient for sustainable and equitable change.
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Kandalaft L, Fritah H, Graciotti M, Chiang C, Petremand R, Guillaume P, Schmidt J, Stevenson B, Gfeller D, Harari A. 182P Cancer vaccines based on whole-tumor-lysate or neoepitopes with validated HLA-binding outperform those with predicted HLA-binding affinity. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bobisse S, Navarro Rodrigo B, Ngo QA, Chiffelle J, Genolet R, Michel A, Saugy D, Sauvage C, Tarussio D, Arnaud M, Guillaume P, Stevenson B, Bassani-Sternberg M, Tissot S, Rusakiewicz S, Schmidt J, Dangaj D, Kandalaft L, Coukos G, Harari A. 42P Tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells in ovarian and colon cancer in tumors and cell products. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Navarro Rodrigo B, Bobisse S, Viganò S, Baumgartner P, Nguyen-Ngoc T, Gannon P, Genolet R, Stevenson B, Sempoux C, Sauvain MO, Hubner M, Hahnloser D, Demartines N, Montemurro M, Kandalaft L, Rusakiewicz S, Harari A, Coukos G. Exploring personalized immunotherapy opportunities in colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx376.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Margos G, Marosevic D, Cutler S, Derdakova M, Diuk-Wasser M, Emler S, Fish D, Gray J, Hunfeld KP, Jaulhac B, Kahl O, Kovalev S, Kraiczy P, Lane RS, Lienhard R, Lindgren PE, Ogden NH, Ornstein K, Rupprecht T, Schwartz I, Sing A, Straubinger RK, Strle F, Voordouw M, Rizzoli A, Stevenson B, Fingerle V. Corrigendum: There is inadequate evidence to support the division of the genus Borrelia. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:2073. [PMID: 28665266 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Margos G, Marosevic D, Cutler S, Derdakova M, Diuk-Wasser M, Emler S, Fish D, Gray J, Hunfeldt KP, Jaulhac B, Kahl O, Kovalev S, Kraiczy P, Lane RS, Lienhard R, Lindgren PE, Ogden N, Ornstein K, Rupprecht T, Schwartz I, Sing A, Straubinger RK, Strle F, Voordouw M, Rizzoli A, Stevenson B, Fingerle V. There is inadequate evidence to support the division of the genus Borrelia. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:1081-1084. [PMID: 27930271 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Finucane AM, Stevenson B, Murray SA. PROLONGED DWINDLING CHARACTERISES THE ILLNESS TRAJECTORY OF NURSING HOME RESIDENTS AT THE END OF LIFE. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000653.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Verma A, Stevenson B. Leptospiral uveitis - there is more to it than meets the eye! Zoonoses Public Health 2013; 59 Suppl 2:132-41. [PMID: 22958257 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2011.01445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic species of genus Leptospira, is a highly prevalent zoonotic disease throughout many parts of the world, and an important emerging disease within the United States. Uveitis is a common complication of systemic infection in humans. A similar condition in horses is characterized by recurrent bouts of inflammation. In this article, we review advances in our understanding of leptospiral uveitis and its pathogenic mechanisms.
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Alpass F, Pond R, Stephens C, Stevenson B, Keeling S, Towers A. The Influence of Ethnicity and Gender on Caregiver Health in Older New Zealanders. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2013; 68:783-93. [DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbt060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Rosatte RC, Power MJ, Donovan D, Davies JC, Allan M, Bachmann P, Stevenson B, Wandeler A, Muldoon F. Elimination of arctic variant rabies in red foxes, metropolitan Toronto. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13:25-7. [PMID: 17370512 PMCID: PMC2725809 DOI: 10.3201/eid1301.060622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To control the arctic variant of rabies virus in red foxes, 332,257 bait doses containing live, attenuated Evelyn-Rokitnicki-Abelseth rabies vaccine were distributed in greater metropolitan Toronto during 1989–1999. Human and pet contact with bait was minimal, and no adverse reactions to the vaccine were noted. Significantly fewer rabid foxes were found during the 17 years after fox baiting (5 cases during 1990–2006) than in the 17 years before (96 cases during 1973–1989). The last report of a rabid fox in metropolitan Toronto was in 1996 (reporting period through September 2006), which confirms that distributing oral rabies vaccine bait is a feasible tactic for the control of rabies in foxes in urban environments.
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Lingford-Hughes AR, Wilson SJ, Cunningham VJ, Feeney A, Stevenson B, Brooks DJ, Nutt DJ. GABA-benzodiazepine receptor function in alcohol dependence: a combined 11C-flumazenil PET and pharmacodynamic study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2005; 180:595-606. [PMID: 15864554 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-005-2271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2004] [Accepted: 03/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-benzodiazepine receptor function is hypothesised to be reduced in alcohol dependence. OBJECTIVES We used positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]flumazenil, a non-selective tracer for brain GABA-benzodiazepine (GABA-BDZ) receptor binding, to determine in vivo the relationship between BDZ receptor occupancy by an agonist, midazolam, and its functional effects. METHODS Abstinent male alcohol dependent subjects underwent [11C]flumazenil PET to measure occupancy of BDZ receptors by midazolam whilst recording its pharmacodynamic effects on behavioural and physiological measures. Rate constants describing the exchange of [11C]flumazenil between the plasma and brain compartments were derived from time activity curves. RESULTS A 50% reduction in electroencephalography (EEG)-measured sleep time was seen in the alcohol dependent group despite the same degree of occupancy by midazolam as seen in the control group. The effects of midazolam on other measures of benzodiazepine receptor function, increasing EEG beta1 power and slowing of saccadic eye movements, were similar in the two groups. No differences in midazolam or flumazenil metabolism were found between the groups. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study suggests that alcohol dependence in man is associated with a reduced EEG sleep response to the benzodiazepine agonist, midazolam, which is not explained by reduced BDZ receptor occupancy, and is consistent with reduced sensitivity in this measure of GABA-BDZ receptor function in alcohol dependence. The lack of change in other functional measures may reflect a differential involvement of particular subtypes of the GABA-BDZ receptor.
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Carroll JA, El-Hage N, Miller JC, Babb K, Stevenson B. Borrelia burgdorferi RevA antigen is a surface-exposed outer membrane protein whose expression is regulated in response to environmental temperature and pH. Infect Immun 2001; 69:5286-93. [PMID: 11500397 PMCID: PMC98637 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.9.5286-5293.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, produces RevA protein during the early stages of mammalian infection. B. burgdorferi apparently uses temperature as a cue to its location, producing proteins required for infection of warm-blooded animals at temperatures corresponding to host body temperature, but does not produce such virulence factors at cooler, ambient temperatures. We have observed that B. burgdorferi regulates expression of RevA in response to temperature, with the protein being synthesized by bacteria cultivated at 34 degrees C but not by those grown at 23 degrees C. Tissues encountered by B. burgdorferi during its infectious cycle vary in their pH values, and the level of RevA expression was also found to be dependent upon pH of the culture medium. The cellular localization of RevA was also analyzed. Borrelial inner and outer membranes were purified by isopycnic centrifugation, and membrane fractions were conclusively identified by immunoblot analysis using antibodies raised against the integral inner membrane protein MotB and outer membrane-associated Erp lipoproteins. Immunoblot analyses indicated that RevA is located in the B. burgdorferi outer membrane. These analyses also demonstrated that an earlier report (H. A. Bledsoe et al., Infect. Immun. 176:7447-7455, 1994) had misidentified such B. burgdorferi membrane fractions. RevA was further demonstrated to be exposed to the external environment, where it could facilitate interactions with host tissues.
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Gilmore RD, Mbow ML, Stevenson B. Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi gene expression during life cycle phases of the tick vector Ixodes scapularis. Microbes Infect 2001; 3:799-808. [PMID: 11580974 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(01)01435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi exists in nature via an enzootic cycle whereby the organism must adapt to the diverse environmental conditions provided inside the arthropod transmission vector and the mammalian reservoir hosts. B. burgdorferi genes shown to be regulated by temperature, pH and/or cell density during the organism's growth in culture medium were assayed for expression during various stages of the tick feeding cycle by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ospA, ospC, flaB, erpA/I/N, erpB/J/O, rev and mlpA, were transcriptionally active following the larval and nymphal stages of feeding as determined by qualitative RT-PCR. During tick resting periods between feedings, ospC, mlpA and rev transcription were undetectable, in contrast to ospA, flaB, erpA/I/N and erpB/J/O. bba64, a gene induced by environmental changes in culture and expressed during mammalian infection, was not detectable during any of the tick life cycle phases. Quantitative PCR to determine B. burgdorferi genome equivalents in these tick samples using DNA co-purified with the RNA allowed an estimation of gene expression relative to the numbers of B. burgdorferi present in the ticks. Although the spirochete totals varied widely between individual tick pools of fed, replete nymphs, the relative expression ratios between individual target genes following a nymphal feed were comparable. Similarly, borrelial gene transcription from the larval feeding and the nymphal feeding were observed and compared. These findings analogize B. burgdorferi gene expression observed by environmental stimuli in vitro with the transcriptional activity occurring during the organism's infectious cycle within the tick.
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Babb K, El-Hage N, Miller JC, Carroll JA, Stevenson B. Distinct regulatory pathways control expression of Borrelia burgdorferi infection-associated OspC and Erp surface proteins. Infect Immun 2001; 69:4146-53. [PMID: 11349090 PMCID: PMC98483 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.6.4146-4153.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the mechanisms by which Borrelia burgdorferi controls the synthesis of proteins associated with mammalian infection will be an important step toward understanding the pathogenic properties of Lyme disease-causing bacteria. We present results of studies indicating that B. burgdorferi senses a wide variety of environmental stimuli, including soluble chemicals, which enables it to independently control synthesis of the Erp and OspC proteins. Regulation of OspC and Erp expression appears to occur at the level of transcription. In this regard, we observed that one or more DNA-binding proteins interact specifically with erp promoter DNA but not with the ospC promoter.
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Lee H, Xiong L, Gong Z, Ishitani M, Stevenson B, Zhu JK. The Arabidopsis HOS1 gene negatively regulates cold signal transduction and encodes a RING finger protein that displays cold-regulated nucleo--cytoplasmic partitioning. Genes Dev 2001; 15:912-24. [PMID: 11297514 PMCID: PMC312662 DOI: 10.1101/gad.866801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Low temperature is one of the most important environmental stimuli that control gene transcription programs and development in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the HOS1 locus is a key negative regulator of low temperature-responsive gene transcription. The recessive hos1 mutation causes enhanced induction of the CBF transcription factors by low temperature as well as of their downstream cold-responsive genes. The hos1 mutant plants flower early, and this correlates with a low level of Flowering Locus C gene expression. The HOS1 gene was isolated through positional cloning. HOS1 encodes a novel protein with a RING finger motif near the amino terminus. HOS1 is ubiquitously expressed in all plant tissues. HOS1--GFP translational fusion studies reveal that HOS1 protein resides in the cytoplasm at normal growth temperatures. However, in response to low temperature treatments, HOS1 accumulates in the nucleus. Ectopic expression of HOS1 in wild-type plants causes cosuppression of HOS1 expression and mimics the hos1 mutant phenotypes.
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MESH Headings
- Acclimatization/genetics
- Acclimatization/physiology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/physiology
- Arabidopsis Proteins
- Base Sequence
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/physiology
- Cell Compartmentation
- Cell Nucleus/chemistry
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cold Temperature
- Crosses, Genetic
- Cytoplasm/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/physiology
- Genes, Plant
- Genes, Synthetic
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- MADS Domain Proteins
- Mammals/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nuclear Proteins
- Open Reading Frames
- Phenotype
- Plant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/physiology
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Trans-Activators/biosynthesis
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/physiology
- Zinc Fingers/genetics
- Zinc Fingers/physiology
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Nally JE, Timoney JF, Stevenson B. Temperature-regulated protein synthesis by Leptospira interrogans. Infect Immun 2001; 69:400-4. [PMID: 11119530 PMCID: PMC97896 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.1.400-404.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospira interrogans is an important mammalian pathogen. Transmission from an environmental source requires adaptations to a range of new environmental conditions in the organs and tissues of the infected host. Since many pathogenic bacteria utilize temperature to discern their environment and regulate the synthesis of appropriate proteins, we investigated the effects of temperature on protein synthesis in L. interrogans. Bacteria were grown for several days after culture temperatures were shifted from 30 to 37 degrees C. Triton X-114 cellular fractionation identified several proteins of the cytoplasm, periplasm, and outer membrane for which synthesis was dependent on the culture temperature. Synthesis of a cytoplasmic protein of 20 kDa was switched off at 37 degrees C, whereas synthesis of a 66-kDa periplasmic protein was increased at the higher temperature. Increased synthesis of a 25-kDa outer membrane protein was observed when the organisms were shifted from 30 to 37 degrees C. A 36-kDa protein synthesized at 30 but not at 37 degrees C was identified as LipL36, an outer membrane lipoprotein. In contrast, expression of another lipoprotein, LipL41, was the same at either temperature. Immunoblotting with convalescent equine sera revealed that some proteins exhibiting thermoregulation of synthesis elicited antibody responses during infection. Our results show that sera from horses which aborted as a result of naturally acquired infection with L. interrogans serovar pomona type kennewicki recognize periplasmic and outer membrane proteins which are differentially synthesized in response to temperature and which therefore may be important in the host-pathogen interaction during infection.
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Miller JC, Bono JL, Babb K, El-Hage N, Casjens S, Stevenson B. A second allele of eppA in Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31 is located on the previously undetected circular plasmid cp9-2. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:6254-8. [PMID: 11029452 PMCID: PMC94766 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.21.6254-6258.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sequence analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi isolate B31 was recently declared "complete," we found that cultures of this strain can contain a novel 9-kb circular plasmid, cp9-2. The newly described plasmid contains both sequence similarities with and differences from the previously identified B31 plasmid cp9-1 (formerly cp9). cp9-1 and cp9-2 each encode a unique allele of EppA, a putative membrane protein synthesized by B. burgdorferi during mammalian infection.
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Stevenson B, Zückert WR, Akins DR. Repetition, conservation, and variation: the multiple cp32 plasmids of Borrelia species. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2000; 2:411-22. [PMID: 11075913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the spirochete genus Borrelia contain large numbers of extrachromosomal DNAs. Sequence analysis of the B. burgdorferi strain B31 genome indicated that its many plasmids contain large quantities of repeated sequences, the most obvious of which are the cp32 plasmid family. Individual spirochetes may carry nine or more different, but homologous, cp32 plasmids. Every other species of Borrelia examined thus far also contains multiple plasmids related to the B. burgdorferi cp32s. These plasmids are arguably the best characterized of all the borrelial plasmids, and epitomize the apparent redundancy evident in the many plasmids carried by these bacteria. Despite their extensive similarities, cp32 plasmids contain some open reading frames whose sequences often vary between plasmids, and which encode proteins synthesized by the bacteria during vertebrate infection. In this review, we analyze the hypervariable and conserved regions of the cp32 plasmid family, and discuss possible reasons why borreliae harbor multiple gene paralogs.
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Stevenson B, Porcella SF, Oie KL, Fitzpatrick CA, Raffel SJ, Lubke L, Schrumpf ME, Schwan TG. The relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia hermsii contains multiple, antigen-encoding circular plasmids that are homologous to the cp32 plasmids of Lyme disease spirochetes. Infect Immun 2000; 68:3900-8. [PMID: 10858201 PMCID: PMC101665 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.7.3900-3908.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Borrelia hermsii, an agent of tick-borne relapsing fever, was found to contain multiple circular plasmids approximately 30 kb in size. Sequencing of a DNA library constructed from circular plasmid fragments enabled assembly of a composite DNA sequence that is homologous to the cp32 plasmid family of the Lyme disease spirochete, B. burgdorferi. Analysis of another relapsing fever bacterium, B. parkeri, indicated that it contains linear homologs of the B. hermsii and B. burgdorferi cp32 plasmids. The B. hermsii cp32 plasmids encode homologs of the B. burgdorferi Mlp and Bdr antigenic proteins and BlyA/BlyB putative hemolysins, but homologs of B. burgdorferi erp genes were absent. Immunoblot analyses demonstrated that relapsing fever patients produced antibodies to Mlp proteins, indicating that those proteins are synthesized by the spirochetes during human infection. Conservation of cp32-encoded genes in different Borrelia species suggests that their protein products serve functions essential to both relapsing fever and Lyme disease spirochetes. Relapsing fever borreliae replicate to high levels in the blood of infected animals, permitting direct detection and possible functional studies of Mlp, Bdr, BlyA/BlyB, and other cp32-encoded proteins in vivo.
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Probert D, Stevenson B, Tang NK, Scarborough H. The introduction of patient process re-engineering in the Peterborough Hospitals NHS Trust. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN MEDICINE 2000; 13:308-24. [PMID: 10787500 DOI: 10.1108/02689239910294637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Patient process recognition and re-engineering (PPR) has become a major concern of recent health care development and management. This paper discusses the position of the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK; where it is at present and where it aims to be. It suggests that the work of the current government in developing community care is central to the work of both the Leicester Royal Infirmary and the Peterborough Hospitals NHS Trust, when building relationships between primary (community) and secondary (hospital) health care provision. This paper aims to examine whether and how PPR can improve patient processes in the NHS. It does this through a case study of PPR in Peterborough Hospital.
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Bono JL, Elias AF, Kupko JJ, Stevenson B, Tilly K, Rosa P. Efficient targeted mutagenesis in Borrelia burgdorferi. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:2445-52. [PMID: 10762244 PMCID: PMC111306 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.9.2445-2452.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies in Borrelia burgdorferi have been hindered by the lack of a nonborrelial selectable marker. Currently, the only selectable marker is gyrB(r), a mutated form of the chromosomal gyrB gene that encodes the B subunit of DNA gyrase and confers resistance to the antibiotic coumermycin A(1). The utility of the coumermycin-resistant gyrB(r) gene for targeted gene disruption is limited by a high frequency of recombination with the endogenous gyrB gene. A kanamycin resistance gene (kan) was introduced into B. burgdorferi, and its use as a selectable marker was explored in an effort to improve the genetic manipulation of this pathogen. B. burgdorferi transformants with the kan gene expressed from its native promoter were susceptible to kanamycin. In striking contrast, transformants with the kan gene expressed from either the B. burgdorferi flaB or flgB promoter were resistant to high levels of kanamycin. The kanamycin resistance marker allows efficient direct selection of mutants in B. burgdorferi and hence is a significant improvement in the ability to construct isogenic mutant strains in this pathogen.
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Zuo Z, Kwon G, Stevenson B, Diakur J, Wiebe LI. Flutamide-hydroxypropy-beta-chiyclodextrin complex: formulation, physical characterization, and absorption studies using the Caco-2 in vitro model. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2000; 3:220-7. [PMID: 10994035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this research was to formulate flutamide (FLT) in hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPbetaCyD), and to investigate FLT transcellular permeation from the complex using the Caco-2 monolayer in vitro model. METHODS Classical solubility data were used to derive thermodynamic parameters which, together with Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), (1)H-NMR and (19)F-NMR, were used to characterize and derive stability constants for the FLT-HPbetaCyD complex. The Caco-2 cell line was used to examine the role of HPbetaCyD on the passage of FLT across cell monolayers in vitro. RESULTS The solubility of FLT in water (1.46 mmol/L) increased almost 170 times (to 243.45 mmol/L) in the presence of 50% (w/v) HPbetaCyD. Solubility data for FLT in aqueous HPbetaCyD were used to derive thermodynamic parameters (DeltaG degrees at 298 K = -3.48, DeltaH degrees = 2.85, DeltaS degrees at 298 K = 21.24). The solubility of FLT in HPbetaCyD increased proportionally with an increase in temperature. The FLT-HPbetaCyD complex had an A(L)-type (DSC) isotherm, consistent with a linear increase in FLT solubility and unchanged stoichiometry. The DSC of free FLT and HPbetaCyD showed endothermic peaks at 110 degrees C and 300 degrees C, respectively. FLT-HPbetaCyD did not display a free-FLT endothermic response, but exhibited broadening of the endothermic peak in the HPbetaCyD region. (19)F- and (1)H-NMR chemical shifts of FLT moved upfield as a function of its increased solubility in the presence of HPbetaCyD. The FLT-HPbetaCyD stability constant, K(s) (1:1) was estimated to be 356 M(-1 )and 357 M(-1), from thermodynamic and (19)F NMR data, respectively. The apical-to-basal permeability coefficient (P(eff) = 4.75 x 10(-5) cm.s(-1)) for FLT across Caco-2 cell monolayers at 37; C increased as HPbetaCyD concentrations were reduced, indicative of transepithelial passage via passive diffusion of available free FLT in solution. Studies in the presence and absence of Ca(2+ )ruled out a significant paracellular transport component. CONCLUSIONS FLT-HPbetaCyD is a relatively stable, 1:1 inclusion complex. Formation of this complex substantially increases the water solubility of FLT, but HPbetaCyD, except in high dilution, reduces transcellular passage of FLT in the Caco-2 cell in vitro model.
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Miller JC, El-Hage N, Babb K, Stevenson B. Borrelia burgdorferi B31 Erp proteins that are dominant immunoblot antigens of animals infected with isolate B31 are recognized by only a subset of human lyme disease patient sera. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:1569-74. [PMID: 10747145 PMCID: PMC86492 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.4.1569-1574.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sera from animals infected with Borrelia burgdorferi isolates yield intense immunoblot signals from the B31 ErpA/I/N and ErpB/J/O proteins, which have apparent molecular masses of 19 and 60 kDa, respectively. Since B. burgdorferi proteins with those molecular masses are of immunodiagnostic importance, Lyme disease patient sera were used in studies of B31 lysates and recombinant B31 ErpA/I/N and ErpB/J/O proteins. Immunoblot analyses indicated that only a minority of the patients produced antibodies that recognized the tested B31 Erp proteins. Southern blot analyses of Lyme disease spirochetes cultured from 16 of the patients indicated that all these bacteria contain genes related to the B31 erpA/I/N and erpB/J/O genes, although signal strengths indicated only weak similarities in many cases, suggestive of genetic variability of erp genes among these bacteria. These data indicate that Erp proteins are generally not the 19- and 60-kDa antigens observed on serodiagnostic immunoblots.
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