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Zhao YQ, Ren YF, Li BB, Wei C, Yu B. The mysterious association between adiponectin and endometriosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1396616. [PMID: 38813109 PMCID: PMC11133721 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1396616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is a pleiotropic cytokine predominantly derived from adipose tissue. In addition to its role in regulating energy metabolism, adiponectin may also be related to estrogen-dependent diseases, and many studies have confirmed its involvement in mediating diverse biological processes, including apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis, all of which are related to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Although many researchers have reported low levels of adiponectin in patients with endometriosis and suggested that it may serve as a protective factor against the development of the disease. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to provide an up-to-date summary of the roles of adiponectin and its downstream cytokines and signaling pathways in the aforementioned biological processes. Further systematic studies on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of adiponectin may provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of endometriosis as well as potential therapeutic targets.
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Cao Z, Aharonian F, Axikegu, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Bian W, Bukevich AV, Cao Q, Cao WY, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chen AM, Chen ES, Chen HX, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen S, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui MY, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Danzengluobu, Dong XQ, Duan KK, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fang J, Fang JH, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng H, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng XT, Feng Y, Feng YL, Gabici S, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao Q, Gao W, Gao WK, Ge MM, Geng LS, Giacinti G, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo FL, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, Hasan M, He HH, He HN, He JY, He Y, Hor YK, Hou BW, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu Q, Hu SC, Huang DH, Huang TQ, Huang WJ, Huang XT, Huang XY, Huang Y, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jia K, Jiang K, Jiang XW, Jiang ZJ, Jin M, Kang MM, Karpikov I, Kuleshov D, Kurinov K, Li BB, Li CM, Li C, Li C, Li D, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li J, Li J, Li K, Li SD, Li WL, Li WL, Li XR, Li X, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu DB, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu YN, Luo Q, Luo Y, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Min Z, Mitthumsiri W, Mu HJ, Nan YC, Neronov A, Ou LJ, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi JC, Qi MY, Qiao BQ, Qin JJ, Raza A, Ruffolo D, Sáiz A, Saeed M, Semikoz D, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shu FW, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Su Y, Sun DX, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Takata J, Tam PHT, Tang QW, Tang R, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang C, Wang CB, Wang GW, Wang HG, Wang HH, Wang JC, Wang K, Wang K, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang PH, Wang R, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XY, Wang Y, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu QW, Wu S, Wu XF, Wu YS, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xiang GM, Xiao DX, Xiao G, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xiong DR, Xiong Z, Xu DL, Xu RF, Xu RX, Xu WL, Xue L, Yan DH, Yan JZ, Yan T, Yang CW, Yang CY, Yang F, Yang FF, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang WX, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Yue H, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zha M, Zhang BB, Zhang F, Zhang H, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang L, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SB, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang YF, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zhao XH, Zheng F, Zhong WJ, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou M, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhou XX, Zhu BY, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zou YC, Zuo X. Measurements of All-Particle Energy Spectrum and Mean Logarithmic Mass of Cosmic Rays from 0.3 to 30 PeV with LHAASO-KM2A. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:131002. [PMID: 38613275 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.131002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We present the measurements of all-particle energy spectrum and mean logarithmic mass of cosmic rays in the energy range of 0.3-30 PeV using data collected from LHAASO-KM2A between September 2021 and December 2022, which is based on a nearly composition-independent energy reconstruction method, achieving unprecedented accuracy. Our analysis reveals the position of the knee at 3.67±0.05±0.15 PeV. Below the knee, the spectral index is found to be -2.7413±0.0004±0.0050, while above the knee, it is -3.128±0.005±0.027, with the sharpness of the transition measured with a statistical error of 2%. The mean logarithmic mass of cosmic rays is almost heavier than helium in the whole measured energy range. It decreases from 1.7 at 0.3 PeV to 1.3 at 3 PeV, representing a 24% decline following a power law with an index of -0.1200±0.0003±0.0341. This is equivalent to an increase in abundance of light components. Above the knee, the mean logarithmic mass exhibits a power law trend towards heavier components, which is reversal to the behavior observed in the all-particle energy spectrum. Additionally, the knee position and the change in power-law index are approximately the same. These findings suggest that the knee observed in the all-particle spectrum corresponds to the knee of the light component, rather than the medium-heavy components.
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Cao S, Zan Q, Lu J, Li Y, Li B, Zhao H, Wang T, Xu J. Analysis of preoperative and postoperative depression and anxiety in patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1356856. [PMID: 38525256 PMCID: PMC10957732 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1356856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the psychological status of patients with Hepple V osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) and evaluate the effect of autologous osteoperiosteal transplantation (AOPT) on their psychological well-being. Methods Fifty patients with Hepple V OLT who underwent AOPT at the Comprehensive Foot and Ankle Surgery Ward of Xi'an Honghui Hospital from November 2021 to May 2023 were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of preoperative symptoms of anxiety/depression. Group A comprised patients with preoperative symptoms, while Group B included patients without such symptoms. Preoperative and final follow-up assessments included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for evaluating anxiety and depression, the visual analogue scale for pain assessment, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scores for assessing ankle and hindfoot function. Results Among the 50 Hepple V OLT patients who obtained complete follow-up, twenty-four had preoperative symptoms of anxiety/depression, with an incidence rate of up to 48%. Patients in Groups A and B showed significant improvement in all evaluation indexes after AOPT compared to the preoperative period, but the overall prognosis of Group A was poorer than that of Group B. Conclusion AOPT can effectively improve patients' pain, functional activities, and psychological status, and there is a significant correlation between patients' preoperative psychological status and prognosis.
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Zhang QC, Qian YM, Ren YH, Chen MM, Cao LM, Zheng SJ, Li BB, Wang M, Wu X, Xu K. Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits metastasis potential of non-small cell lung cancer cells through FTO mediated TLE1 m 6A modification. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:619-632. [PMID: 37848553 PMCID: PMC10834501 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a prevalent RNA epigenetic modification, which plays a crucial role in tumor progression including metastasis. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are natural compounds and inhibit the tumorigenesis of various cancers. Our previous studies show that ITCs inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, and have synergistic effects with chemotherapy drugs. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of ITCs on cancer cell metastasis. We showed that phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) dose-dependently inhibited the cell viability of both NSCLC cell lines H1299 and H226 with IC50 values of 17.6 and 15.2 μM, respectively. Furthermore, PEITC dose-dependently inhibited the invasion and migration of H1299 and H226 cells. We demonstrated that PEITC treatment dose-dependently increased m6A methylation levels and inhibited the expression of the m6A demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) in H1299 and H226 cells. Knockdown of FTO significantly increased m6A methylation in H1299 and H226 cells, impaired their abilities of invasion and migration in vitro, and enhanced the inhibition of PEITC on tumor growth in vivo. Overexpression of FTO promoted the migration of NSCLC cells, and also mitigated the inhibitory effect of PEITC on migration of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, we found that FTO regulated the mRNA m6A modification of a transcriptional co-repressor Transducin-Like Enhancer of split-1 (TLE1) and further affected its stability and expression. TCGA database analysis revealed TLE1 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues compared to normal tissues, which might be correlated with the metastasis status. Moreover, we showed that PEITC suppressed the migration of NSCLC cells by inhibiting TLE1 expression and downstream Akt/NF-κB pathway. This study reveals a novel mechanism underlying ITC's inhibitory effect on metastasis of lung cancer cells, and provided valuable information for developing new therapeutics for lung cancer by targeting m6A methylation.
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Wang YF, Wu Y, Liu XW, Li JG, Zhan YQ, Liu B, Fan WL, Peng ZH, Xiao JT, Li BB, He J, Yi J, Lu ZX. Effect of a disposable endoscope precleaning kit in the cleaning procedure of gastrointestinal endoscope: A multi-center observational study. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2023; 15:705-714. [PMID: 38187912 PMCID: PMC10768042 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v15.i12.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precleaning is a key step in endoscopic reprocessing.
AIM To develop an effective and economic endoscope cleaning method by using a disposable endoscope bedside precleaning kit.
METHODS Altogether, 228 used gastrointestinal endoscopes were selected from five high-volume endoscopy units and precleaned by a traditional precleaning bucket (group T) or a disposable endoscope bedside precleaning kit (group D). Each group was further subdivided based on the replacement frequency of the cleaning solution, which was replaced every time in subgroups T1 and D1 and every several times in subgroups Ts and Ds. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level and residual proteins were measured three times: Before and after precleaning and after manual cleaning.
RESULTS After precleaning, the precleaning kit significantly reduced the ATP levels (P = 0.034) and has a more stable ATP clearance rate than the traditional precleaning bucket. The precleaning kit also saved a quarter of the cost of enzymatic detergent used during the precleaning process. After manual cleaning, the ATP levels were also significantly lower in the precleaning kit group than in the traditional precleaning bucket group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the number of uses of the cleaning solution (up to four times) has no significant impact on the cleaning effect (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION Considering its economic cost and cleaning effect, the use of a disposable endoscope bedside precleaning kit can be an optimal option in the precleaning stage with the cleaning solution being replaced several times in the manual cleaning stage.
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Cao Z, Aharonian F, An Q, Axikegu, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai JT, Cao Q, Cao WY, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chen AM, Chen ES, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui MY, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Danzengluobu, Della Volpe D, Dong XQ, Duan KK, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng XT, Feng YL, Gabici S, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao LQ, Gao Q, Gao W, Gao WK, Ge MM, Geng LS, Giacinti G, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo FL, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JY, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou BW, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu Q, Hu SC, Huang DH, Huang TQ, Huang WJ, Huang XT, Huang XY, Huang Y, Huang ZC, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jia K, Jiang K, Jiang XW, Jiang ZJ, Jin M, Kang MM, Ke T, Kuleshov D, Kurinov K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li D, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li J, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li WL, Li XR, Li X, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu YN, Lu R, Luo Q, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Min Z, Mitthumsiri W, Mu HJ, Nan YC, Neronov A, Ou ZW, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Qi YQ, Qiao BQ, Qin JJ, Ruffolo D, Sáiz A, Semikoz D, Shao CY, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shu FW, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Su Y, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang QW, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang C, Wang CB, Wang GW, Wang HG, Wang HH, Wang JC, Wang K, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang PH, Wang R, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XY, Wang Y, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu XF, Wu YS, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao DX, Xiao G, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xiong Z, Xu DL, Xu RF, Xu RX, Xu WL, Xue L, Yan DH, Yan JZ, Yan T, Yang CW, Yang F, Yang FF, Yang HW, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Yue H, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zha M, Zhang BB, Zhang F, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang LX, Zhang L, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SB, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang YF, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou M, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. Measurement of Ultra-High-Energy Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission of the Galactic Plane from 10 TeV to 1 PeV with LHAASO-KM2A. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:151001. [PMID: 37897763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.151001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The diffuse Galactic γ-ray emission, mainly produced via interactions between cosmic rays and the interstellar medium and/or radiation field, is a very important probe of the distribution, propagation, and interaction of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. In this Letter, we report the measurements of diffuse γ rays from the Galactic plane between 10 TeV and 1 PeV energies, with the square kilometer array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). Diffuse emissions from the inner (15°10 TeV). The energy spectrum in the inner Galaxy regions can be described by a power-law function with an index of -2.99±0.04, which is different from the curved spectrum as expected from hadronic interactions between locally measured cosmic rays and the line-of-sight integrated gas content. Furthermore, the measured flux is higher by a factor of ∼3 than the prediction. A similar spectrum with an index of -2.99±0.07 is found in the outer Galaxy region, and the absolute flux for 10≲E≲60 TeV is again higher than the prediction for hadronic cosmic ray interactions. The latitude distributions of the diffuse emission are consistent with the gas distribution, while the longitude distributions show clear deviation from the gas distribution. The LHAASO measurements imply that either additional emission sources exist or cosmic ray intensities have spatial variations.
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Zheng YH, Guo ZQ, Huang HC, Li BB. [Carcinoma cuniculatum of toe: report of a case]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 52:1053-1055. [PMID: 37805403 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20230110-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
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Li BB, Ma HY, Wang GC. M supported on Al-defective Al 2-δO 3 (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au) as catalysts for acetylene semi-hydrogenation: a theoretical perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21538-21546. [PMID: 37545397 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02095a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Semi-hydrogenation of acetylene is of great importance for both industry and academia. High prices and limited supplements of noble metals leave room for developing base metal catalysts. Experiments revealed the atomically dispersed Cu supported by Al2O3 with excellent long-term stability and high ethylene selectivity, but the physical nature has rarely been investigated theoretically. DFT calculations and microkinetic modeling revealed that the surface OH species could stabilize Cu1/Al2-δO3 and enhance its catalytic performance. The selectivity of ethylene formation decreases with increasing copper clusters (e.g., Cu1/Al2-δO3> Cu4/Al2-δO3> Cu8/Al2-δO3), meaning that the atomically dispersed copper may be a potential candidate for acetylene semi-hydrogenation. The structures of a series of single site catalysts M1/Al2-δO3 (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Ag, Au) are similar to that of Cu1/Al2-δO3, but their performances in catalyzing acetylene semi-hydrogenation are different. M1/Al2-δO3 (M = Ag, Au) shows higher selectivity than Cu1/Al2-δO3, while M1/Al2-δO3 (M = Fe, Co, Ni) demonstrates a higher turnover frequency (TOF) of ethylene than Cu1/Al2-δO3. Moreover, our results indicate that the Ni1-Cu1/Al2-δO3 alloy shows both high activity and ethylene selectivity. The present results show a compensation between the reactivity and the selectivity, suggesting that alloys of VIIIB metals with IB metals like Ni1-Cu1/Al2-δO3 may be efficient candidate catalysts in acetylene selective hydrogenation.
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Jiao Y, Guo L, Han TL, Qi X, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Zhao JH, Li BB, Zhang Z, Sun LL. [Analysis of the characteristics of viral infections in children with diarrhea in Beijing from 2018 to 2022]. ZHONGHUA YU FANG YI XUE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE] 2023; 57:976-982. [PMID: 37400218 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20230131-00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the characteristics of viral infections in children with diarrhea in Beijing from 2018 to 2022. Methods: Real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect viral nucleic acid of Norovirus (NoV), Sappovirus (SaV), Astrovirus (AstV), Enteric Adenovirus (AdV) or antigen of Rotavirus (RV) in 748 stool samples collected from Beijing Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2018 to December 2021. Subsequently, the reverse transcription PCR or PCR method was used to amplify the target gene of the positive samples after the initial screening, followed by sequencing, genotyping and evolution analysis, so as to obtain the characteristics of these viruses. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Mega 6.0. Results: From 2018 to 2021, the overall detection rate of the above five common viruses was 37.6%(281/748)in children under 5 years old in Beijing. NoV, Enteric AdV and RV were still the top three diarrhea-related viruses, followed by AstV and SaV, accounting for 41.6%, 29.2%, 27.8%, 8.9% and 7.5%, respectively. The detection rate of co-infections with two or three diarrhea-related viruses was 4.7% (35/748). From the perspective of annual distribution, the detection rate of Enteric AdV was the highest in 2021, while NoV was predominant in the other 4 years. From the perspective of genetic characteristics, NoV was predominant by GII.4, and after the first detection of GII.4[P16] in 2020, it occupied the first two gene groups together with GII.4[P31]. Although the predominant RV was G9P[8], the rare epidemic strain G8P[8] was first detected in 2021. The predominant genotypes of Enteric AdV and AstV were Ad41 and HAstV-1. SaV was sporadic spread with a low detection rate. Conclusion: Among the diarrhea-related viruses infected children under 5 years of age in Beijing, the predominant strains of NoV and RV have changed and new sub-genotypes have been detected for the first time, while the predominant strains of AstV and Enteric AdV are relatively stable.
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Cao Z, Aharonian F, An Q, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai JT, Cao Q, Cao WY, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chen ES, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen Y, Cheng HL, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Della Volpe D, Dong XQ, Duan KK, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng XT, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao LQ, Gao Q, Gao W, Gao WK, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo FL, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JY, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou BW, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu Q, Hu SC, Huang DH, Huang TQ, Huang WJ, Huang XT, Huang XY, Huang Y, Huang ZC, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jia K, Jiang K, Jiang XW, Jiang ZJ, Jin M, Kang MM, Ke T, Kuleshov D, Kurinov K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li D, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li J, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li WL, Li XR, Li X, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu YN, Long WJ, Lu R, Luo Q, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Min Z, Mitthumsiri W, Nan YC, Ou ZW, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Qi YQ, Qiao BQ, Qin JJ, Ruffolo D, Sáiz A, Shao CY, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Su Y, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang C, Wang CB, Wang GW, Wang HG, Wang HH, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang K, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang PH, Wang R, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XY, Wang Y, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu XF, Wu YS, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao DX, Xiao G, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xiong Z, Xu DL, Xu RF, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yan JZ, Yan T, Yang CW, Yang F, Yang FF, Yang HW, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Yue H, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhang B, Zhang BB, Zhang F, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang LX, Zhang L, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SB, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang YF, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng JH, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. A tera-electron volt afterglow from a narrow jet in an extremely bright gamma-ray burst. Science 2023:eadg9328. [PMID: 37289911 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg9328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have a tera-electron volt (TeV) afterglow, but the early onset of this has not been observed. We report observations with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory of the bright GRB 221009A, which serendipitously occurred within the instrument field of view. More than 64,000 photons >0.2 TeV were detected within the first 3000 seconds. The TeV flux began several minutes after the GRB trigger, then rose to a peak about 10 seconds later. This was followed by a decay phase, which became more rapid ~650 seconds after the peak. We interpret the emission using a model of a relativistic jet with half-opening angle ~0.8°. This is consistent with the core of a structured jet and could explain the high isotropic energy of this GRB.
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Li YS, Li BB, Tian T, Yu HQ. Quorum sensing unveils the sludge floccule-assisted stabilization of aerobic granules in granule-dominated sequencing batch reactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:444-455. [PMID: 36303067 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Floccules are another major form of microbial aggregates in aerobic granular sludge systems. Previous studies mainly attributed the persistence of floccules to their relatively faster nutrient uptake and higher growth rate over aerobic granules; however, they failed to unravel the underlying mechanism of the long-term coexistence of these two aggregates. In this work, the existence and function of the floccules in an aerobic granule-dominated sequencing batch reactor were investigated from the view of quorum sensing (QS) and quorum quenching (QQ). The results showed that though the floccules were closely associated with the granules in terms of similar community structures (including the QS- and QQ-related ones), they exhibited a relatively higher QQ-related activity but a lower QS-related activity. A compatible proportion of floccules might be helpful to maintain the QS-related activity and keep the granules stable. In addition, the structure difference was demonstrated to diversify the QS- and QQ-related activities of the floccules and the aerobic granules. These findings could broaden our understanding of the interactions between the coexistent floccules and granules in aerobic granule-dominated systems and would be instructive for the development of the aerobic granular sludge process.
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Yang S, Xi R, Li BB, Wang XC, Song LW, Ji TX, Ma HZ, Lu HL, Zhang JY, Li SJ, Wu ZF. The incremental significance of heart rate recovery as a predictor during exercise-stress myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging in individuals with suspected coronary artery disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1082019. [PMID: 37034341 PMCID: PMC10074983 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1082019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) are more likely to occur when abnormal heart rate recovery (HRR). This study aimed to assess the incremental predictive significance of HRR over exercise stress myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (MPS) results for MACE in individuals with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Between January 2014 and December 2017, we continually gathered data on 595 patients with suspected CAD who received cycling exercise stress MPS. HRR at 1, 2, 3, and 4 min were used as study variables to obtain the optimal cut-off values of HRR for MACE. The difference between the peak heart rate achieved during exercise and the heart rate at 1, 2, 3, and 4 min was used to calculate the HRR, as shown in HRR3. Heart rate variations between two locations in time, such as HRR2 min-1 min, were used to establish the slope of HRR. All patients were followed for a minimum of 4 years, with MACE as the follow-up goal. The associations between HRR and MACE were assessed using Cox proportional hazards analyses. Results Patients with MACE were older (P = 0.001), and they also had higher rates of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, abnormal MPS findings (SSS ≥ 5%), medication history (all P < 0.001), and lower HRR values (all P < 0.01). Patients with and without MACE did not significantly vary in their HRR4 min-3 min. The optimal cut-off of HRR1, 2, and 3 combined with SSS can stratify the risk of MACE in people with suspected CAD (all P < 0.001). HRR 1, 2, and 3 and its slope were linked to MACE in multivariate analysis, where HRR3 was the most significant risk predictor. With a global X2 increase from 101 to 126 (P < 0.0001), HRR3 demonstrated the greatest improvement in the model's predictive capacity, incorporating clinical data and MPS outcomes. Conclusions HRR at 3 min has a more excellent incremental prognostic value for predicting MACE in patients with suspected CAD following cycling exercise stress MPS. Therefore, incorporating HRR at 3 min into known predictive models may further improve the risk stratification of the patients.
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Cao Z, Aharonian F, An Q, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai JT, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chen ES, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen Y, Cheng HL, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, D'Ettorre Piazzoli B, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Della Volpe D, Duan KK, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng XT, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao LQ, Gao Q, Gao W, Gao WK, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo FL, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu Q, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang XY, Huang Y, Huang ZC, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jia K, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin M, Kang MM, Ke T, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li J, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li XR, Li X, Li X, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu YN, Long WJ, Lu R, Luo Q, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Min Z, Mitthumsiri W, Nan YC, Ou ZW, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Qi YQ, Qiao BQ, Qin JJ, Ruffolo D, Sáiz A, Shao CY, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JY, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Su Y, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang R, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XY, Wang Y, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu XF, Wu YS, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao DX, Xiao G, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xiong Z, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yan JZ, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang HW, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Yue H, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang F, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang LX, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SB, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X, Ando S, Chianese M, Fiorillo DFG, Miele G, Ng KCY. Constraints on Heavy Decaying Dark Matter from 570 Days of LHAASO Observations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:261103. [PMID: 36608208 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.261103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The kilometer square array (KM2A) of the large high altitude air shower observatory (LHAASO) aims at surveying the northern γ-ray sky at energies above 10 TeV with unprecedented sensitivity. γ-ray observations have long been one of the most powerful tools for dark matter searches, as, e.g., high-energy γ rays could be produced by the decays of heavy dark matter particles. In this Letter, we present the first dark matter analysis with LHAASO-KM2A, using the first 340 days of data from 1/2-KM2A and 230 days of data from 3/4-KM2A. Several regions of interest are used to search for a signal and account for the residual cosmic-ray background after γ/hadron separation. We find no excess of dark matter signals, and thus place some of the strongest γ-ray constraints on the lifetime of heavy dark matter particles with mass between 10^{5} and 10^{9} GeV. Our results with LHAASO are robust, and have important implications for dark matter interpretations of the diffuse astrophysical high-energy neutrino emission.
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Wang X, Li W, Yan J, Li BB. [Salivary papillary cystic low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma and cystadenoma: a comparison of clinicopathological and genetic features]. ZHONGHUA KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2022; 57:1134-1140. [PMID: 36379892 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20220615-00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To study the clinicopathologic and genetic features of papillary cystic low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma (LG-MEC) and cystadenoma. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on salivary gland tumor patients with papillary cystic architecture who presented to department of oral pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology between January 2010 and June 2022. Among this cohort, there were 17 males and 17 females with a range age of 23-82 years [(55.6±14.6) years]. Diagnosis was confirmed by histological, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Finally, 15 papillary cystic LG-MEC and 19 cystadenoma patients were included in the present study. All patients were followed clinically and radiologically, and the duration of follow-up ranged from 1 to 141 months. Results: All neoplasms showed papillary proliferation with multilocular or giant cystic tumors. Papillary cystic LG-MEC was characterized by epidermoid cells, intermediate cell and mucous cells with multiple lining-layers. Papillary cystic LG-MEC had mild cellular atypia and a pushing infiltration. Cystadenoma was characterized by cuboidal, columnar and ciliated pseudostratified columnar lining epithelium. Squamous metaplasia, mucinous metaplasia and acidophilic degeneration could also be observed focally in cystadenoma. For IHC staining, papillary cystic LG-MEC showed diffusely and strongly positive for mucin 4 (MUC4) (15/15) and mucin 5 Subtype AC (MUC5AC) (4/15) in the epidermoid cells, intermediate cell and mucous cells. The epidermoid cells and intermediate cells were diffusely positive for p40 and p63. The Ki-67 index was about 10%-15% in LG-MEC. As a contrast, p40 (17/19) and p63 (14/15) were only detected in the basal cells of cystadenoma. Cystadenoma showed focal MUC5AC (4/19)expression and MUC4 (19/19)diffuse expression. In addition, the Ki-67 index was 5%-10% in cystadenoma. The MAML2 gene translocation was detected in 11 LG-MEC patients, but none in cystadenoma. Conclusions: The differential diagnosis points between papillary cystic LG-MEC and cystadenoma included the specific epidermoid cells, intermediate cells and mucus cells in LG-MEC, cell atypia, the pushing-infiltration pattern, diffuse expression of p40 and p63 in the lining epithelium, and a MAML2 gene rearrangement. The molecular test of MAML2 should be recommended to reduce missed LG-MEC diagnoses.
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Fu Y, Li B, Huang R, Ji X, Bai WK. Long noncoding RNA DLEU2 promotes growth and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating miR-30a-5p/PTP4A1 axis. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154078. [PMID: 36049439 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing data indicate that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) DLEU2 is implicated in carcinogenesis in multiple malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role and molecular mechanism by which lncRNA DLEU2 contributes to HCC remain unknown. The association of lncRNA DLEU2 with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with HCC was analyzed by qRT-PCR, and public TCGA dataset. CCK-8, colony formation and Transwell assays were performed to verify the role of lncRNA DLEU2 in HCC. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), luciferase gene report and qRT-PCR assays were employed to uncover lncRNA DLEU2-spevific binding with miR-30a-5p. The effect of lncRNA DLEU2 and (or) miR-30a-5p on PTP4A1 expression was examined by Western blot analysis. As a consequence, we found that lncRNA DLEU2 was upregulated in HCC tissue samples and associated with distant metastasis and poor survival in patients with HCC. Knockdown of lncRNA DLEU2 impaired HCC cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion, but ectopic expression of lncRNA DLEU2 abolished these effects. Furthermore, lncRNA DLEU2 harbored a negative correlation and specific binding with miR-30a-5p in HCC cells. Knockdown of lncRNA DLEU2 upregulated miR-30a-5p, but downregulated its target PTP4A1, and miR-30a-5p abrogated lncRNA DLEU2-induced tumor-promoting effects and PTP4A1 upregulation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that lncRNA DLEU2 promotes growth and invasion of HCC cells by regulating miR-30a-5p/ PTP4A1 axis.
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Li BB, Zheng YH, Chen QY, Guo ZQ. Cervical adenofibroma without clinical symptoms: report of a rare case. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221125525. [PMID: 36168707 PMCID: PMC9523848 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221125525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenofibroma is an extremely rare benign biphasic tumour composed of glandular and fibrous tissues. It occurs more often in the endometrium but it can also occur in the cervix and extrauterine sites. This case report describes a 39-year-old asymptomatic woman with cervical adenofibroma. The patient was treated successfully with surgical removal of the tumour. As adenofibromas are very rare, the report is presented with a brief review of the literature.
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Zhang YY, He Y, Li BB, Zhang KN. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Experimental study and numerical prediction of HTO and 36Cl - diffusion in radioactive waste at Téguline Clay. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:i-xiii. [PMID: 34092188 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1939433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Statement of Retraction: Experimental study and numerical prediction of HTO and 36Cl- diffusion in radioactive waste at Téguline ClayWe, the Editor and Publisher of Environmental Technology, have retracted the following article:Yun-yi Zhang, Yong He, Bing-bing Li & Ke-neng Zhang, Experimental study and numerical prediction of HTO and 36Cl- diffusion in radioactive waste at Téguline Clay, Environmental Technology, Latest Articles, 10.1080/09593330.2021.1939433Following publication, errors have been identified in the experimental work and numerical simulation as follows: 1) The experimental results presented in this paper are too limited to effectively support the numerical analysis.2) Although XRD, MIP, SEM and other microstructural tests were conducted and presented in this paper, the results of these microstructural tests have not been used in the numerical analysis, leading to incorrect results shown in Figure 11.3) There is a serious discrepancy between the simulated results and the real conditions, due to an incorrect selection of diffusion parameters and initial concentration (200 mg/L and 500 mg/L) as well as an incorrect simulation model and boundary condition (Figure 4).4) The simulation software (Geo-studio + MATLAB) appears to be unsuitable for the simulation work in this paper due to physical, mechanical and adsorption properties of the sample not being considered in the simulation.These errors were identified and acknowledged by the authors. The errors are too substantial to be corrected in a corrigendum and will alter the conclusions of the paper. There are no concerns regarding research or publishing conduct, and the authors plan to revisit the relevant mature results of their research and may resubmit the revised paper for consideration by the journal.We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions.The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as "Retracted".
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Tao X, Li BB, Wu GS, Li Y, Bao YY, Sheng LL, Wan JB, Li HK. [Comparative study on short and long-term intervention impacts of six Chinese herbs with cold or heat property on lipid and energy metabolism in mice]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 2022; 47:1904-1912. [PMID: 35534261 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220105.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study selected three typical Chinese herbs with cold property(Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, and Coptidis Rhizoma) and another three with heat property(Cinnamomi Cortex, Zingiberris Rhizoma, and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) to observe their regulatory effects on metabolism in animal organism, especially on lipid and energy metabolism in mice after a short-(7 d) and long-term(35 d) intervention. The mRNA expression levels of lipid metabolism genes in epididymal adipose tissue and liver were determined by real-time PCR. The oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and energy consumption were detected by metabolic system. After the short-term intervention, the Chinese herbs with heat property significantly reduced epididymal adipose tissue index and elevated the expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACC), lipoprotein lipase(LPL), and carnitine-palmityl transferase 1(CPT-1) in liver and epididymal adipose tissues. However, those with cold property promoted the expression of above-mentioned genes in epididymal adipose tissue. After the long-term intervention, cold and heat Chinese herbs had no significant effect on epididymal adipose tissue index of animals, while cold Chinese herbs could increase carbon dioxide production and energy consumption and reduce activity. These findings demonstrated that the short-term intervention effects of cold and heat Chinese herbs on animal metabolism were significantly stronger than the long-term intervention effects. Specifically, the short-term intervention with cold Chinese herbs enhanced the lipid metabolism in epididymal adipose tissue, while the heat Chinese herbs promoted lipid metabolism in epididymal adipose tissue and liver. The long-term intervention with cold and heat Chinese herbs resulted in no obvious change in lipid level, but long-term intervention with cold Chinese herbs accelerated energy consumption of the body. This study preliminarily observed the effects of cold and heat Chinese herbs on normal animal physiology from lipid and energy metabolism, which would provide reference for explaining the biological basis of Chinese herbs with cold or heat property based on biological response.
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Cao Z, Aharonian F, An Q, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chen BM, Chen ES, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Piazzoli BD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Della Volpe D, Dong XJ, Duan KK, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao LQ, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo FL, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang XY, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Ke T, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li XR, Li X, Li X, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Min Z, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Qi YQ, Qiao BQ, Qin JJ, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Sáiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JR, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Su Y, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang Y, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao DX, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yan JZ, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang LX, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. Exploring Lorentz Invariance Violation from Ultrahigh-Energy γ Rays Observed by LHAASO. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:051102. [PMID: 35179919 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the LHAASO Collaboration published the detection of 12 ultrahigh-energy γ-ray sources above 100 TeV, with the highest energy photon reaching 1.4 PeV. The first detection of PeV γ rays from astrophysical sources may provide a very sensitive probe of the effect of the Lorentz invariance violation (LIV), which results in decay of high-energy γ rays in the superluminal scenario and hence a sharp cutoff of the energy spectrum. Two highest energy sources are studied in this work. No signature of the existence of the LIV is found in their energy spectra, and the lower limits on the LIV energy scale are derived. Our results show that the first-order LIV energy scale should be higher than about 10^{5} times the Planck scale M_{Pl} and that the second-order LIV scale is >10^{-3}M_{Pl}. Both limits improve by at least one order of magnitude the previous results.
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Chen CF, Zhang XM, Zhu RL, Zou HB, Li BB, Li LF, Lin ZX, Yu ZJ, Chen WY. [Efficacy of relocation and expansion pharyngoplasty by suspension sutures in the treatment of OSAHS with soft palate oropharyngeal obstruction]. ZHONGHUA ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY HEAD AND NECK SURGERY 2021; 56:1270-1276. [PMID: 34963214 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210707-00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the efficacy of relocation and expansion pharyngoplasty by suspension sutures in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods: Seventy-three patients(including 60 males and 13 females) with OSAHS admitted to the department of otorhinolaryngology of our hospital in recent two years were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients had velopharyngeal obstructionevaluated by electronic endoscopic Müller test and were divided into control group (34 cases) and observation group (39 cases). The patients in the control group were performed modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, while those in the observation group were performed relocation and expansion pharyngoplasty by suspension sutures.The scores of ESS, AHI and LSaO2 before and after treatment were collected and compared. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was 94.87%, which was significantly higher than 79.41% of the control group. The AHI was lower and LSaO2 value was higher (χ2=-1. 896,-1. 968,P<0.05)in the observation group. The sleeping symptoms and quality of life of the two groups were significantly improved. The ESS score of the observation group was decreased more significantly than that of the control group after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=-1.451,P<0.05). The incidence of foreign body sensation in pharynx of the observation group (89.74%) was higher than that of the control group (55.88%), and the postoperative bleeding and postoperative recurrence rate (0.00%, 2.56%) was lower than that of the control group (8.82%, 14.70%)with statistical significance (χ2=4.738,4.249,4.119,P<0.05).The incidence of transient nasopharyngeal reflux in both groups was low and statistically insignificant (χ2=0.629,P>0.05). Conclusions: Preoperative strict screening of indications plays an important role in the selection of palatopharyngeal surgery methods and curative effect. Relocation and expansion pharyngoplasty by suspension sutures can improve the clinical efficacy of OSAHS with better safety and less recurrence.
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Shen HF, Liu Y, Qu PP, Tang Y, Li BB, Cheng GL. MiR-361-5p/ abca1 and MiR-196-5p/ arhgef12 Axis Involved in γ-Sitosterol Inducing Dual Anti-Proliferative Effects on Bronchial Epithelial Cells of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:2741-2753. [PMID: 34675500 PMCID: PMC8502110 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s326015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a progressive and irreversible respiratory disease, becomes the third leading cause of death and results in enormous economic burden on healthcare costs and productivity loss worldwide by 2020. Thus, it is urgent to develop effective anti-COPD drugs. Materials and Methods In the present study, two published GEO profiles were used to re-analyze and ascertain the relationships between circulating miRNAs and bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) mRNAs in COPD. The microRNA levels of miR-361-5p and miR-196-5p in plasma of COPD patients and healthy volunteers were detected by qRT-PCR. Next, the effects of γ-sitosterol (GS) on the expression of miR-361-5p and miR-196-5p and cell proliferation were investigated in BEC and H292 cell lines. Finally, whether specific miRNA-mRNA pathways involved in the effect of GS on BECs was assayed using Western Blot, real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. Results miR-196-5p and miR-361-5p were, respectively, up- and down-regulated in COPD patients compared with healthy controls. Luciferase assays demonstrated that miR-361-5p and miR-196-5p were, respectively, targeting abca1 and arhgef12 3ʹUTR in BEAS-2B cells. GS significantly suppressed miR-196-5p and promoted miR-361-5p levels in BEAS-2B cells and inhibited BECs proliferation in vitro. GS promoted miR-361-5p expression, which inhibited BCAT1 mRNA and protein levels and weaken mTOR-pS6K pathway, resulted in anti-proliferation in BEAS-2B cells. In addition, RhoA was activated by ARHGEF12 due to the inhibitory effect of miR-196-5p on arhgef12-3ʹUTR which was partially abolished by GS suppressing miR-196-5p expression. Activated RhoA further activated ROCK1-PTEN pathway and finally inhibited mTOR pathway, resulting in induced BECs proliferation. The anti-proliferation effect of GS was not observed in H292 cells. Conclusion These findings indicate that miR-361-5p/abca1 and miR-196-5p/arhgef12 axis mediated GS inducing dual anti-proliferation effects on BECs.
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Xie QP, Li BB, Wei FL, Yu M, Zhan W, Liu F, Lou B. Growth and gonadal development retardations after long-term exposure to estradiol in little yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112462. [PMID: 34217113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) including 17β-estradiol (E2) are widely distributed in the aquatic environment and are known to negatively affect the reproductive system of many animals, including fish. EDCs leading to feminization, altered sex ratio and reduced fecundity, it is possibly posing potential risks to the ecosystems. To investigate the potentially toxic effects of E2 exposure on little yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis, L. poliactis) who have a unique gonadal development pattern that males undergo a hermaphroditic stage. An experiment was set up where L. poliactis were maintained in tanks and exposed to E2 concentrations of 10 μg/L or no E2 exposure (the ethanol and control groups) from 30 to 90 days post-hatching (dph). After exposure, the E2 withdrawal and continual cultured to 150 and 365 dph. The morphological and histological analyses were used to compare the changes in the fish body and gonad under E2 exposure. The results showed that E2 exposure caused three major phenotypes at 30 and 60 days after treatment (dat), including ovary, ovotestis and gonadal development retardation compared with the control groups. The average ratio of these three phenotypes is 60.6%, 11.97% and 27.43%, respectively. The body length and weight of E2 exposure groups were repressed during the E2 exposure period, while it can recover after E2 withdrawal. However, the gonadal development (Gonadosomatic Index) of E2 exposure groups testis were retarded at 60 dat and doesn't recover until 365 dph. The sex determination/differentiation-related genes erα, erβI, erβII, fshβ and cyp11b2 were significantly decreased in E2-exposure male fish. This research highlights the E2 leads to feminization, disrupts testis maturation and spermatogenesis, this effect persisted into the stage of sexual maturity. Collectively, our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying E2 disturbance of a marine economic fish reproduction.
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Cao Z, Aharonian F, An Q, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chen BM, Chen ES, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, D'Ettorre Piazzoli B, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Della Volpe D, Dong XJ, Duan KK, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao LQ, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo FL, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang XY, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Ke T, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li XR, Li X, Li X, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Min Z, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Qi YQ, Qiao BQ, Qin JJ, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Saiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JY, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Su Y, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang Y, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao DX, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yan JZ, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang LX, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. Peta-electron volt gamma-ray emission from the Crab Nebula. Science 2021; 373:425-430. [PMID: 34261813 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg5137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Crab Nebula is a bright source of gamma rays powered by the Crab Pulsar's rotational energy through the formation and termination of a relativistic electron-positron wind. We report the detection of gamma rays from this source with energies from 5 × 10-4 to 1.1 peta-electron volts with a spectrum showing gradual steepening over three energy decades. The ultrahigh-energy photons imply the presence of a peta-electron volt electron accelerator (a pevatron) in the nebula, with an acceleration rate exceeding 15% of the theoretical limit. We constrain the pevatron's size between 0.025 and 0.1 parsecs and the magnetic field to ≈110 microgauss. The production rate of peta-electron volt electrons, 2.5 × 1036 ergs per second, constitutes 0.5% of the pulsar spin-down luminosity, although we cannot exclude a contribution of peta-electron volt protons to the production of the highest-energy gamma rays.
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Aharonian F, An Q, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chang XC, Chen BM, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Della Volpe D, D'Ettorre Piazzoli B, Dong XJ, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li X, Li X, Li XR, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Sáiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JR, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang LX, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X, Huang XY. Extended Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission Surrounding PSR J0622+3749 Observed by LHAASO-KM2A. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:241103. [PMID: 34213924 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.241103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery of an extended very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray source around the location of the middle-aged (207.8 kyr) pulsar PSR J0622+3749 with the Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). The source is detected with a significance of 8.2σ for E>25 TeV assuming a Gaussian template. The best-fit location is (right ascension, declination) =(95.47°±0.11°,37.92°±0.09°), and the extension is 0.40°±0.07°. The energy spectrum can be described by a power-law spectrum with an index of -2.92±0.17_{stat}±0.02_{sys}. No clear extended multiwavelength counterpart of the LHAASO source has been found from the radio to sub-TeV bands. The LHAASO observations are consistent with the scenario that VHE electrons escaped from the pulsar, diffused in the interstellar medium, and scattered the interstellar radiation field. If interpreted as the pulsar halo scenario, the diffusion coefficient, inferred for electrons with median energies of ∼160 TeV, is consistent with those obtained from the extended halos around Geminga and Monogem and much smaller than that derived from cosmic ray secondaries. The LHAASO discovery of this source thus likely enriches the class of so-called pulsar halos and confirms that high-energy particles generally diffuse very slowly in the disturbed medium around pulsars.
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Cao Z, Aharonian FA, An Q, Axikegu, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chang XC, Chen BM, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Danzengluobu, Della Volpe D, D Ettorre Piazzoli B, Dong XJ, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li X, Li X, Li XR, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Sáiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JR, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang LX, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. Ultrahigh-energy photons up to 1.4 petaelectronvolts from 12 γ-ray Galactic sources. Nature 2021; 594:33-36. [PMID: 34002091 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The extension of the cosmic-ray spectrum beyond 1 petaelectronvolt (PeV; 1015 electronvolts) indicates the existence of the so-called PeVatrons-cosmic-ray factories that accelerate particles to PeV energies. We need to locate and identify such objects to find the origin of Galactic cosmic rays1. The principal signature of both electron and proton PeVatrons is ultrahigh-energy (exceeding 100 TeV) γ radiation. Evidence of the presence of a proton PeVatron has been found in the Galactic Centre, according to the detection of a hard-spectrum radiation extending to 0.04 PeV (ref. 2). Although γ-rays with energies slightly higher than 0.1 PeV have been reported from a few objects in the Galactic plane3-6, unbiased identification and in-depth exploration of PeVatrons requires detection of γ-rays with energies well above 0.1 PeV. Here we report the detection of more than 530 photons at energies above 100 teraelectronvolts and up to 1.4 PeV from 12 ultrahigh-energy γ-ray sources with a statistical significance greater than seven standard deviations. Despite having several potential counterparts in their proximity, including pulsar wind nebulae, supernova remnants and star-forming regions, the PeVatrons responsible for the ultrahigh-energy γ-rays have not yet been firmly localized and identified (except for the Crab Nebula), leaving open the origin of these extreme accelerators.
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