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Bou-Sarkis A, Paul E, Girbal-Neuhauser E, Derlon N, Bessiere Y. Detection of Gel-Forming Polymers via Calcium Crosslinking, Applied to the Screening of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Extracted from Biological Aggregates. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020157. [PMID: 36826327 PMCID: PMC9957232 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The valorization of biological aggregates through the extraction of hydrogel-forming polymers can enhance the economics and sustainability of various processes in which bacteria are involved in organic waste transformation, such as wastewater treatment. Achieving these goals requires the development of a method capable of detecting the presence of gel-forming polymers in complex mixtures containing biopolymers that are most often unknown and uncharacterized. A miniaturized screening method capable of detecting gelation via ionic crosslinking using only 1 to 3 mg of the tested samples (commercial molecules or extracellular polymeric substances, EPSs) is proposed. The method consists of calculating a percentage of reactivity (%R) through UV-vis spectra and determining the percentage of gel volume (%Vg) formed after the addition of calcium. Both factors were combined to give a gelling factor (GF), and the test was applied to pure commercial molecules (BSA, DNA, alginate (ALV), and a mixture of them), allowing the classification of the following solutions according to their gel-forming capacity: GF(ALV) > GF(ALV+DNA) > GF(BSA+ALV+DNA) > GF(BSA+ALV) > GF(DNA) > GF(BSA+DNA) > GF(BSA). As a relevant tool for screening hydrogel-forming solutions, the method was applied to the EPS extracted from aerobic granular sludge. The EPS (0.5% w/v) had a GF of 0.16 ± 0.03, equivalent to approximately half of the GF of ALV (0.38 ± 0.02 at 0.5% w/v). The developed test pushes the limits of the existing gel-detection techniques because it allows for quicker, less consuming, and more informative gelation detection through the use of simple methods that do not require sophisticated equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Bou-Sarkis
- LBAE, Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Agroalimentaire et Environnementale (UPS, URU 4565), Université de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, 24 rue d’Embaquès, 32000 Auch, France
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 avenue de Rangueil, CEDEX 04, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (A.B.-S.); (E.G.-N.)
| | - Etienne Paul
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 avenue de Rangueil, CEDEX 04, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabeth Girbal-Neuhauser
- LBAE, Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Agroalimentaire et Environnementale (UPS, URU 4565), Université de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, 24 rue d’Embaquès, 32000 Auch, France
- Correspondence: (A.B.-S.); (E.G.-N.)
| | - Nicolas Derlon
- Department of Process Engineering, EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yolaine Bessiere
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 avenue de Rangueil, CEDEX 04, 31077 Toulouse, France
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Li YS, Li BB, Tian T, Yu HQ. Quorum sensing unveils the sludge floccule-assisted stabilization of aerobic granules in granule-dominated sequencing batch reactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:444-455. [PMID: 36303067 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Floccules are another major form of microbial aggregates in aerobic granular sludge systems. Previous studies mainly attributed the persistence of floccules to their relatively faster nutrient uptake and higher growth rate over aerobic granules; however, they failed to unravel the underlying mechanism of the long-term coexistence of these two aggregates. In this work, the existence and function of the floccules in an aerobic granule-dominated sequencing batch reactor were investigated from the view of quorum sensing (QS) and quorum quenching (QQ). The results showed that though the floccules were closely associated with the granules in terms of similar community structures (including the QS- and QQ-related ones), they exhibited a relatively higher QQ-related activity but a lower QS-related activity. A compatible proportion of floccules might be helpful to maintain the QS-related activity and keep the granules stable. In addition, the structure difference was demonstrated to diversify the QS- and QQ-related activities of the floccules and the aerobic granules. These findings could broaden our understanding of the interactions between the coexistent floccules and granules in aerobic granule-dominated systems and would be instructive for the development of the aerobic granular sludge process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bing-Bing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tian Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Moreno-Andrade I, Valdez-Vazquez I, López-Rodríguez A. Effect of transient pH variation on microbial activity and physical characteristics of aerobic granules treating 4-chlorophenol. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2020; 55:878-885. [PMID: 32275179 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1751505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophenols are inhibitory compounds that can be biodegraded by aerobic granules in discontinuous processes. Many industrial wastewaters are characterized by transient pH variation over time. These pH changes could affect the overall granule structure and microbial activity during the chlorophenol biodegradation. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of transient pH variation on the specific degradation rate (q), granule integrity coefficient (IC), and size in sequencing batch reactors treating 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). First, aerobic granules were acclimated for efficient 4-CP degradation (>99%). The acclimated granules consisted of 55.7% of the phyla Proteobacteria and 40.6% of Bacteroidetes. The main bacteria belong to the order Sphingobacteriales (24%), as well as Amaricoccus, Acidovorax, Shinella, Rhizobium, and Flavobacterium, some of which are new genera reported in acclimated granules degrading 4-CP. Then, pH changes were applied to the acclimated aerobic granules, observing that acid pHs decreased to a greater extent the specific degradation rate (67% to 99%) than basic pHs (34% to 80%). These pH changes caused the granule disaggregation but with lower effects on the IC. The effects of pH change were mainly on the microbial activity more than the physical characteristics of aerobic granules degrading 4-CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Moreno-Andrade
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Idania Valdez-Vazquez
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Antonio López-Rodríguez
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
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Omar AH, Muda K, Majid ZA, Affam AC, Ezechi EH. Effect of magnetic activated carbon on the surface hydrophobicity for initial biogranulation via response surface methodology. Water Environ Res 2020; 92:73-83. [PMID: 31276251 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biogranulation is an effective biological technology suitable for the treatment of various wastewaters. However, the major drawback of this technique is the long start-up period for biogranule development. Hence, the primary focus of this study was on cell surface hydrophobicity which is the main parameter that indicates cell agglomeration during the initial self-immobilization process of aerobic granulation. The effects of sludge concentration and magnetic activated carbon on cell surface hydrophobicity were investigated in this study. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to design, analyze, and optimize the outcome of the study. Experiments were performed at sludge concentration of 1,000-3,000 mg/L and magnetic activated carbon mass of 1-5 g/L with 24 hr of aeration time. The results show that both variables yielded a positive significant effect on the initial development of aerobic granulation with 56% surface hydrophobicity. Interaction effects between variables on the responses were significant with positive estimated interaction effect at all different measured aeration time. The magnetic activated carbon acted as nuclei to induce bacterial attachment and further enhanced the initial process of biogranule development under optimal condition of 1:1.1 (sludge concentration: magnetic activated carbon). PRACTITIONER POINTS: Cell surface hydrophobicity was evaluated Magnetic activated carbon enhanced cell surface hydrophobicity Response surface methodology was employed for analyses Magnetic activate carbon mass and biomass concentration was significant Magnetic activated carbon acted as nuclei to improve biogranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hanis Omar
- Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Khalida Muda
- Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaiton Abdul Majid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Augustine Chioma Affam
- Civil Engineering Department, University College of Technology Sarawak, Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Ezerie Henry Ezechi
- Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Yan LKQ, Fung KY, Ng KM. Aerobic sludge granulation for simultaneous anaerobic decolorization and aerobic aromatic amines mineralization for azo dye wastewater treatment. Environ Technol 2018; 39:1368-1375. [PMID: 28488938 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1329354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the capability of using aerobic granules to undergo simultaneous anaerobic decolorization and aerobic aromatic amines degradation was demonstrated for azo dye wastewater treatment. An integrated acclimation-granulation process was devised, with Mordant Orange 1 as the model pollutant. Performance tests were carried out in a batch column reactor to evaluate the effect of various operating parameters. The optimal condition was to use 1.0-1.7 mm (1.51 ± 0.33 mm) granules, 5 g/L biomass, and 4000 mg/L organics as nutrient; and supplement the wastewater with 1 mg/L dissolved oxygen. This led to a dye mineralization of 61 ± 2%, an anaerobic dye removal of 88 ± 1%, and an aerobic aromatic amines removal of 70 ± 3% within 48 h. This study showed that simultaneous anaerobic/aerobic process by aerobic granules could be a possible alternative to the conventional activated sludge process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence K Q Yan
- a Bioengineering Program , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong
| | - Ka Y Fung
- b Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong
| | - Ka M Ng
- b Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong
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Li D, Guo YZ, Cao MZ, Zhang ZW, Li S, Zhang J. [Effect of Aerobic/Phosphorus Granules on Start-up of Partial Nitrification Granular Sludge]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2018; 39:872-879. [PMID: 29964853 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201707099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The different effects of additional aerobic granules (AGs) and phosphorus removal granules (PRGs) on the start-up and stable operation of partial nitrification granular sludge (PNGS) were compared at room temperature(22-28℃). The results showed that in the first stage (days 0-22), partial nitrification was accomplished on day 19 for the three reactors (R1, R2, and R3). In the second stage (days 23-56), 20% AGs and 20% PRGs were added to R2 and R3 to induce PNGS. The start-up of the granules of the three reactors was successfully achieved. The mean particle sizes of R1, R2, and R3 reached 412 μm at day 76, 468 μm at day 42, and 400 μm at day 56. In the third stage (days 57-108), because the influent ammonia load increased from 0.4 kg·(m3·d)-1 to 0.5 kg·(m3·d)-1 and the COD load increased from 0.2 kg·(m3·d)-1 to 0.5 kg·(m3·d)-1, the mean particle sizes of R1 and R2 increased significantly. The average particle sizes of R1 and R2 reached 689 μm and 893 μm by the end of the operation (day 108), but sludge expansion occurred in R3. The inoculation of either AGs or PRGs could quickly achieve granulation, but the PNGS inoculated with the AGs could adapt to higher C/N and be more tolerable to shock loads and long-term stable operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yue-Zhou Guo
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Mei-Zhong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ze-Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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