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Sharples K, Vear NK, Porter-Steele J, Anderson DJ, Moeke-Maxwell TH, Laing BB, Young L, Bailey TG, Benge S, Huang Y, Crowley E, Day R, Cartwright R, Findlay M, Porter D, Kuper M, Campbell I, McCarthy AL. Protocol of trans-Tasman feasibility randomised controlled trial of the Younger Women's Wellness After Breast Cancer (YWWACP) lifestyle intervention. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:165. [PMID: 35918737 PMCID: PMC9343821 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Younger women (defined as those < 50 years who are likely pre-menopausal at time of diagnosis) with breast cancer often experience persistent treatment-related side effects that adversely affect their physical and psychological wellbeing. The Women's Wellness After Cancer Program (WWACP) was adapted and piloted in Australia to address these outcomes in younger women. The aims of this feasibility study are to determine (1) the potential to translate the Younger WWACP (YWWACP) intervention to a broader population base in Aotearoa/New Zealand and Australia, and (2) the potential for success of a larger, international, phase ΙΙΙ, randomised controlled trial. METHODS This bi-national, randomised, single-blinded controlled trial involves two main study sites in Aotearoa/New Zealand (Kōwhai study) and Australia (EMERALD study). Young women aged 18 to 50 years who completed intensive treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy) for breast cancer in the previous 24 months are eligible. The potential to translate the YWWACP to women in these two populations will be assessed according to several feasibility outcomes. These include examining intervention accessibility, acceptability and uptake; intervention sustainability and adherence; the prevalence components of the intervention in the control group; intervention efficacy; participants' perception of measurement burden; the effectiveness of planned recruitment strategies; and trial methods and procedures. The studies collectively aim to enrol 60 participants in the intervention group and 60 participants in the control group (total = 120 participants). DISCUSSION Ethical approval has been received from the Southern Health and Disability Ethics Committee (Kōwhai ref: 19/STH/215), and UnitingCare Human Research Ethics Committee (EMERALD ref: 202103). This study will provide important data on the feasibility of the refined YWWACP in the trans-Tasman context. This study will account for and harmonise cross-country differences to ensure the success of a proposed international grant application for a phase ΙΙΙ randomised controlled trial of this program to improve outcomes in younger women living with breast cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): Kōwhai ACTRN12620000260921 , registered on 27 February 2020. EMERALD ACTRN12621000447853 , registered on 19 April 2021.
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Ashraf H, Anderson RG, Anderson DJ, Moug SJ. Feasibility of a perioperative smartphone application in colorectal surgery. Br J Surg 2021; 108:e282-e283. [PMID: 34409440 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Anderson DJ, Anderson RG, Moug SJ, Baker MJ. Liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis using vibrational spectroscopy: systematic review. BJS Open 2020; 4:554-562. [PMID: 32424976 PMCID: PMC7397350 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vibrational spectroscopy (VS) is a minimally invasive tool for analysing biological material to detect disease. This study aimed to review its application to human blood for cancer diagnosis. Methods A systematic review was undertaken using a keyword electronic database search (MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, TRIP and Cochrane Library), with all original English‐language manuscripts examining the use of vibrational spectral analysis of human blood for cancer detection. Studies involving fewer than 75 patients in the cancer or control group, animal studies, or where the primary analyte was not blood were excluded. Results From 1446 results, six studies (published in 2010–2018) examining brain, bladder, oral, breast, oesophageal and hepatic cancer met the criteria for inclusion, with a total population of 2392 (1316 cancer, 1076 control; 1476 men, 916 women). For cancer detection, reported mean sensitivities in each included study ranged from 79·3 to 98 per cent, with specificities of 82·8–95 per cent and accuracies between 81·1 and 97·1 per cent. Heterogeneity in reporting strategies, methods and outcome measures made meta‐analysis inappropriate. Conclusion VS shows high potential for cancer diagnosis, but until there is agreement on uniform standard reporting methods and studies with adequate sample size for valid classification models have been performed, its value in clinical practice will remain uncertain.
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Hearps AC, Tyssen D, Srbinovski D, Bayigga L, Diaz DJD, Aldunate M, Cone RA, Gugasyan R, Anderson DJ, Tachedjian G. Vaginal lactic acid elicits an anti-inflammatory response from human cervicovaginal epithelial cells and inhibits production of pro-inflammatory mediators associated with HIV acquisition. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:1480-1490. [PMID: 28401934 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation in the female reproductive tract (FRT) is associated with increased HIV transmission. Lactobacillus spp. dominate the vaginal microbiota of many women and their presence is associated with reduced HIV acquisition. Here we demonstrate that lactic acid (LA), a major organic acid metabolite produced by lactobacilli, mediates anti-inflammatory effects on human cervicovaginal epithelial cells. Treatment of human vaginal and cervical epithelial cell lines with LA (pH 3.9) elicited significant increases in the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1RA. When added simultaneously or prior to stimulation, LA inhibited the Toll-like receptor agonist-elicited production of inflammatory mediators IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, RANTES, and MIP3α from epithelial cell lines and prevented IL-6 and IL-8 production by seminal plasma. The anti-inflammatory effect of LA was mediated by the protonated form present at pH≤3.86 and was observed with both L- and D-isomers. A similar anti-inflammatory effect of LA was observed in primary cervicovaginal cells and in an organotypic epithelial tissue model. These findings identify a novel property of LA that acts directly on epithelial cells to inhibit FRT inflammation and highlights the potential use of LA-containing agents in the lower FRT as adjuncts to female-initiated strategies to reduce HIV acquisition.
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Tachedjian G, Hearps AC, Srbinovski D, Tyssen D, Aldunate M, Gugasyan R, Anderson DJ, Cone RA. P06.10 Lactic acid dampens inflammatory responses elicited by microbial tlr agonists from vaginal and cervical epithelial cells. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Anderson DJ, Matthews B. Dentinal and periodontal sensory mechanisms. FRONTIERS OF ORAL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 2:38-50. [PMID: 1067219 DOI: 10.1159/000393315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Leverson JD, Zhang H, Chen J, Tahir SK, Phillips DC, Xue J, Nimmer P, Jin S, Smith M, Xiao Y, Kovar P, Tanaka A, Bruncko M, Sheppard GS, Wang L, Gierke S, Kategaya L, Anderson DJ, Wong C, Eastham-Anderson J, Ludlam MJC, Sampath D, Fairbrother WJ, Wertz I, Rosenberg SH, Tse C, Elmore SW, Souers AJ. Potent and selective small-molecule MCL-1 inhibitors demonstrate on-target cancer cell killing activity as single agents and in combination with ABT-263 (navitoclax). Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1590. [PMID: 25590800 PMCID: PMC4669759 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1 is a key regulator of cancer cell survival and a known resistance factor for small-molecule BCL-2 family inhibitors such as ABT-263 (navitoclax), making it an attractive therapeutic target. However, directly inhibiting this target requires the disruption of high-affinity protein-protein interactions, and therefore designing small molecules potent enough to inhibit MCL-1 in cells has proven extremely challenging. Here, we describe a series of indole-2-carboxylic acids, exemplified by the compound A-1210477, that bind to MCL-1 selectively and with sufficient affinity to disrupt MCL-1-BIM complexes in living cells. A-1210477 induces the hallmarks of intrinsic apoptosis and demonstrates single agent killing of multiple myeloma and non-small cell lung cancer cell lines demonstrated to be MCL-1 dependent by BH3 profiling or siRNA rescue experiments. As predicted, A-1210477 synergizes with the BCL-2/BCL-XL inhibitor navitoclax to kill a variety of cancer cell lines. This work represents the first description of small-molecule MCL-1 inhibitors with sufficient potency to induce clear on-target cellular activity. It also demonstrates the utility of these molecules as chemical tools for dissecting the basic biology of MCL-1 and the promise of small-molecule MCL-1 inhibitors as potential therapeutics for the treatment of cancer.
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Anderson DJ, Podgorny K, Berríos-Torres SI. Updated compendium offers strategies to prevent health care-associated infections. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 2014; 99:49-50. [PMID: 25549396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Lo DJ, Farris AB, Song M, Leopardi F, Anderson DJ, Strobert EA, Ramakrishnan S, Turgeon NA, Mehta AK, Turnbull B, Maroni B, Violette SM, Kirk AD. Inhibition of αvβ6 promotes acute renal allograft rejection in nonhuman primates. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:3085-93. [PMID: 24119188 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The integrin αvβ6 activates latent transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) within the kidney and may be a target for the prevention of chronic allograft fibrosis after kidney transplantation. However, TGF-β also has known immunosuppressive properties that are exploited by calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs); thus, the net benefit of αvβ6 inhibition remains undetermined. To assess the acute impact of interference with αvβ6 on acute rejection, we tested a humanized αvβ6-specific monoclonal antibody (STX-100) in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled nonhuman primate renal transplantation study to evaluate whether αvβ6 blockade alters the risk of acute rejection during CNI-based immunosuppression. Rhesus monkeys underwent renal allotransplantation under standard CNI-based maintenance immunosuppression; 10 biopsy-confirmed rejection-free animals were randomized to receive weekly STX-100 or placebo. Animals treated with STX-100 experienced significantly decreased rejection-free survival compared to placebo animals (p = 0.049). Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed αvβ6 ligand presence, and αvβ6 staining intensity was lower in STX-100-treated animals (p = 0.055), indicating an apparent blockade effect of STX-100. LAP, LTBP-1 and TGF-β were all decreased in animals that rejected on STX-100 compared to those that rejected on standard immunosuppression alone, suggesting a relevant effect of αvβ6 blockade on local TGF-β. These data caution against the use of αvβ6 blockade to achieve TGF-β inhibition in kidney transplantation.
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Freeman JT, Anderson DJ, Sexton DJ. Enterococcus Species and the Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infection Surveillance Definition: Evaluating the Importance of Blood Culture Contamination. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2013; 34:762-3. [DOI: 10.1086/671009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lo DJ, Anderson DJ, Weaver TA, Leopardi F, Song M, Farris AB, Strobert EA, Jenkins J, Turgeon NA, Mehta AK, Larsen CP, Kirk AD. Belatacept and sirolimus prolong nonhuman primate renal allograft survival without a requirement for memory T cell depletion. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:320-8. [PMID: 23311611 PMCID: PMC3558532 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Belatacept is an inhibitor of CD28/B7 costimulation that is clinically indicated as a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) alternative in combination with mycophenolate mofetil and steroids after renal transplantation. We sought to develop a clinically translatable, nonlymphocyte depleting, belatacept-based regimen that could obviate the need for both CNIs and steroids. Thus, based on murine data showing synergy between costimulation blockade and mTOR inhibition, we studied rhesus monkeys undergoing MHC-mismatched renal allotransplants treated with belatacept and the mTOR inhibitor, sirolimus. To extend prior work on costimulation blockade-resistant rejection, some animals also received CD2 blockade with alefacept (LFA3-Ig). Belatacept and sirolimus therapy successfully prevented rejection in all animals. Tolerance was not induced, as animals rejected after withdrawal of therapy. The regimen did not deplete T cells. Alefecept did not add a survival benefit to the optimized belatacept and sirolimus regimen, despite causing an intended depletion of memory T cells, and caused a marked reduction in regulatory T cells. Furthermore, alefacept-treated animals had a significantly increased incidence of CMV reactivation, suggesting that this combination overly compromised protective immunity. These data support belatacept and sirolimus as a clinically translatable, nondepleting, CNI-free, steroid-sparing immunomodulatory regimen that promotes sustained rejection-free allograft survival after renal transplantation.
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Wong C, Anderson DJ, Lee EF, Fairlie WD, Ludlam MJC. Direct visualization of Bcl-2 family protein interactions using live cell fluorescent protein redistribution assays. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e288. [PMID: 22460384 PMCID: PMC5424096 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins have important roles in tumor initiation, progression and resistance to therapy. Pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins are regulated by their interactions with pro-death BH3-only proteins making these protein–protein interactions attractive therapeutic targets. Although these interactions have been extensively characterized biochemically, there is a paucity of tools to assess these interactions in cells. Here, we address this limitation by developing quantitative, high throughput microscopy assays to characterize Bcl-2 and BH3-only protein interactions in live cells. We use fluorescent proteins to label the interacting proteins of interest, enabling visualization and quantification of their mitochondria-localized interactions. Using tool compounds, we demonstrate the suitability of our assays to characterize the cellular activity of putative therapeutic molecules that target the interaction between pro-survival Bcl-2 and pro-death BH3-only proteins. In addition to the relevance of our assays for drug discovery, we anticipate that our work will contribute to an improved understanding of the mechanisms that regulate these important protein–protein interactions within the cell.
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Morris-Pocock JA, Anderson DJ, Friesen VL. Mechanisms of global diversification in the brown booby (Sula leucogaster) revealed by uniting statistical phylogeographic and multilocus phylogenetic methods. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:2835-50. [PMID: 21615811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Martens HCF, Toader E, Decré MMJ, Anderson DJ, Vetter R, Kipke DR, Baker KB, Johnson MD, Vitek JL. Spatial steering of deep brain stimulation volumes using a novel lead design. Clin Neurophysiol 2010; 122:558-566. [PMID: 20729143 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate steering the volume of activated tissue (VTA) with deep brain stimulation (DBS) using a novel high spatial-resolution lead design. METHODS We examined the effect of asymmetric current-injection across the DBS-array on the VTA. These predictions were then evaluated acutely in a non-human primate implanted with the DBS-array, using motor side-effect thresholds as the metric for estimating VTA asymmetries. RESULTS Simulations show the DBS-array, with electrodes arranged together in a cylindrical configuration, can generate field distributions equivalent to commercial DBS leads, and these field distributions can be modulated using field-steering methods. Stimulation with implanted DBS-arrays showed directionally-selective muscle activation, presumably through spread of stimulation fields into portions of the corticospinal tract lying in the internal capsule. CONCLUSIONS Our computational and experimental studies demonstrate that the DBS-array is capable of spatially selective stimulation. Displacing VTAs away from the lead's axis can be achieved using a single simple and intuitive control parameter. SIGNIFICANCE Optimal DBS likely requires non-uniform VTAs that may differentially affect a nucleus or fiber pathway. The DBS-array allows positioning VTAs with sub-millimeter precision, which is especially relevant for those patients with DBS leads placed in sub-optimal locations. This may present clinicians with an additional degree of freedom to optimize the DBS therapy.
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Gleick PH, Adams RM, Amasino RM, Anders E, Anderson DJ, Anderson WW, Anselin LE, Arroyo MK, Asfaw B, Ayala FJ, Bax A, Bebbington AJ, Bell G, Bennett MVL, Bennetzen JL, Berenbaum MR, Berlin OB, Bjorkman PJ, Blackburn E, Blamont JE, Botchan MR, Boyer JS, Boyle EA, Branton D, Briggs SP, Briggs WR, Brill WJ, Britten RJ, Broecker WS, Brown JH, Brown PO, Brunger AT, Cairns J, Canfield DE, Carpenter SR, Carrington JC, Cashmore AR, Castilla JC, Cazenave A, Chapin FS, Ciechanover AJ, Clapham DE, Clark WC, Clayton RN, Coe MD, Conwell EM, Cowling EB, Cowling RM, Cox CS, Croteau RB, Crothers DM, Crutzen PJ, Daily GC, Dalrymple GB, Dangl JL, Darst SA, Davies DR, Davis MB, De Camilli PV, Dean C, DeFries RS, Deisenhofer J, Delmer DP, DeLong EF, DeRosier DJ, Diener TO, Dirzo R, Dixon JE, Donoghue MJ, Doolittle RF, Dunne T, Ehrlich PR, Eisenstadt SN, Eisner T, Emanuel KA, Englander SW, Ernst WG, Falkowski PG, Feher G, Ferejohn JA, Fersht A, Fischer EH, Fischer R, Flannery KV, Frank J, Frey PA, Fridovich I, Frieden C, Futuyma DJ, Gardner WR, Garrett CJR, Gilbert W, Goldberg RB, Goodenough WH, Goodman CS, Goodman M, Greengard P, Hake S, Hammel G, Hanson S, Harrison SC, Hart SR, Hartl DL, Haselkorn R, Hawkes K, Hayes JM, Hille B, Hökfelt T, House JS, Hout M, Hunten DM, Izquierdo IA, Jagendorf AT, Janzen DH, Jeanloz R, Jencks CS, Jury WA, Kaback HR, Kailath T, Kay P, Kay SA, Kennedy D, Kerr A, Kessler RC, Khush GS, Kieffer SW, Kirch PV, Kirk K, Kivelson MG, Klinman JP, Klug A, Knopoff L, Kornberg H, Kutzbach JE, Lagarias JC, Lambeck K, Landy A, Langmuir CH, Larkins BA, Le Pichon XT, Lenski RE, Leopold EB, Levin SA, Levitt M, Likens GE, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Lorand L, Lovejoy CO, Lynch M, Mabogunje AL, Malone TF, Manabe S, Marcus J, Massey DS, McWilliams JC, Medina E, Melosh HJ, Meltzer DJ, Michener CD, Miles EL, Mooney HA, Moore PB, Morel FMM, Mosley-Thompson ES, Moss B, Munk WH, Myers N, Nair GB, Nathans J, Nester EW, Nicoll RA, Novick RP, O'Connell JF, Olsen PE, Opdyke ND, Oster GF, Ostrom E, Pace NR, Paine RT, Palmiter RD, Pedlosky J, Petsko GA, Pettengill GH, Philander SG, Piperno DR, Pollard TD, Price PB, Reichard PA, Reskin BF, Ricklefs RE, Rivest RL, Roberts JD, Romney AK, Rossmann MG, Russell DW, Rutter WJ, Sabloff JA, Sagdeev RZ, Sahlins MD, Salmond A, Sanes JR, Schekman R, Schellnhuber J, Schindler DW, Schmitt J, Schneider SH, Schramm VL, Sederoff RR, Shatz CJ, Sherman F, Sidman RL, Sieh K, Simons EL, Singer BH, Singer MF, Skyrms B, Sleep NH, Smith BD, Snyder SH, Sokal RR, Spencer CS, Steitz TA, Strier KB, Südhof TC, Taylor SS, Terborgh J, Thomas DH, Thompson LG, Tjian RT, Turner MG, Uyeda S, Valentine JW, Valentine JS, Van Etten JL, van Holde KE, Vaughan M, Verba S, von Hippel PH, Wake DB, Walker A, Walker JE, Watson EB, Watson PJ, Weigel D, Wessler SR, West-Eberhard MJ, White TD, Wilson WJ, Wolfenden RV, Wood JA, Woodwell GM, Wright HE, Wu C, Wunsch C, Zoback ML. Climate change and the integrity of science. Science 2010; 328:689-90. [PMID: 20448167 DOI: 10.1126/science.328.5979.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Freeman JT, Anderson DJ, Sexton DJ. Seasonal peaks in Escherichia coli infections: possible explanations and implications. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 15:951-3. [PMID: 19845705 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02866.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a common cause of infections in all populations and countries of the world, causing an enormous burden of disease. In this issue of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Al-Hasan et al. describe seasonal peaks in the incidence of E. coli bloodstream infection (BSI) during the summer for a population of 125 000 in Minnesota, USA. We discuss the probability that similar seasonal peaks in the incidence of E. coli BSI occur in other populations and geographical regions. Second, we discuss possible underlying explanations for these findings in terms of seasonal changes in human behaviour and the effect of temperature on the ability of E. coli to survive in the environment. Finally, we discuss some of the possible implications of E. coli BSI being a seasonal illness. More specifically, we discuss how better understanding the reasons for seasonality may potentially help us to better understand the dominant routes by which human populations are exposed to clonal groups of E. coli associated with urinary tract infection.
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Morris-Pocock JA, Steeves TE, Estela FA, Anderson DJ, Friesen VL. Comparative phylogeography of brown (Sula leucogaster) and red-footed boobies (S. sula): the influence of physical barriers and habitat preference on gene flow in pelagic seabirds. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2009; 54:883-96. [PMID: 19931624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that both physical and ecological barriers to gene flow drive population differentiation in tropical seabirds, we surveyed mitochondrial control region variation in 242 brown boobies (Sula leucogaster), which prefer inshore habitat, and 271 red-footed boobies (S. sula), which prefer pelagic habitat. To determine the relative influence of isolation and gene flow on population structure, we used both traditional methods and a recently developed statistical method based on coalescent theory and Bayesian inference (Isolation with Migration). We found that global population genetic structure was high in both species, and that female-mediated gene flow among ocean basins apparently has been restricted by major physical barriers including the Isthmus of Panama, and the periodic emergence of the Sunda and Sahul Shelves in Southeast Asia. In contrast, the evolutionary history of populations within ocean basins differed markedly between the two species. In brown boobies, we found high levels of population genetic differentiation and limited gene flow among colonies, even at spatial scales as small as 500km. Although red-footed booby colonies were also genetically differentiated within ocean basins, coalescent analyses indicated that populations have either diverged in the face of ongoing gene flow, or diverged without gene flow but recently made secondary contact. Regardless, gene flow among red-footed booby populations was higher than among brown booby populations. We suggest that these contrasting patterns of gene flow within ocean basins may be explained by the different habitat preferences of brown and red-footed boobies.
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El Kouhen R, Hu M, Anderson DJ, Li J, Gopalakrishnan M. Pharmacology of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling in PC12 cells. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 156:638-48. [PMID: 19226255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2008.00069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) can modulate cell survival and memory processing. The involvement of specific nAChR subtypes in downstream signalling events has been ill defined thus far, because of a lack of subtype-selective ligands. In this study, we investigated activation and modulation of alpha7 nAChR-mediated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) in PC12 cells, using selective agonists and positive allosteric modulators. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used undifferentiated PC12 cells endogenously expressing alpha7 nAChR for both biochemical and functional studies. ERK phosphorylation changes were measured by using a novel In-Cell Western procedure. alpha7 nAChR-mediated Ca(2+) signalling was determined by using the fluorometric imaging plate reader assay. KEY RESULTS Robust induction of ERK phosphorylation followed exposure of PC12 cells to the selective agonist PNU-282987 in the presence of the alpha7 nAChR modulator PNU-120596. ERK phosphorylation was transient and was attenuated by the selective antagonist methyllycaconitine. Consistent with allosteric modulation of alpha7 nAChRs, PNU-120596 enhanced both the agonist potency and efficacy in activating ERK. Moreover, alpha7 nAChR agonists could be quantitatively differentiated based on their potency in activating ERK signalling. The rank order of potencies correlated fairly well with the corresponding binding K(i) values of these alpha7 nAChR agonists. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The present work extends previous observations demonstrating the involvement of alpha7 nAChRs in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in PC12 cells. The In-Cell Western procedure allowed a detailed investigation of alpha7 nAChR function and downstream ERK signalling in response to agonist and allosteric modulators.
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Wolff H, Anderson DJ. Male Genital Tract Inflammation Associated with Increased Numbers of Potential Human Immunodeficiency Virus Host Cells in Semen*/Entzündung im Bereich des männlichen Genitaltraktes assoziiert mit erhöhten Zahlen von potentiellen HIV-Wirtszellen im Sperma. Andrologia 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1988.tb00712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Dussor G, Zylka MJ, Anderson DJ, McCleskey EW. Cutaneous sensory neurons expressing the Mrgprd receptor sense extracellular ATP and are putative nociceptors. J Neurophysiol 2008; 99:1581-9. [PMID: 18234974 DOI: 10.1152/jn.01396.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory neurons expressing the Mrgprd receptor are known to innervate the outermost living layer of the epidermis, the stratum granulosum. The sensory modality that these neurons signal and the stimulus that they respond to are not established, although immunocytochemical data suggest they could be nonpeptidergic nociceptors. Using patch clamp of dissociated mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, the present study demonstrates that Mrgprd+ neurons have several properties typical of nociceptors: long-duration action potentials, TTX-resistant Na(+) current, and Ca(2+) currents that are inhibited by mu opioids. Remarkably, Mrgprd+ neurons respond almost exclusively to extracellular ATP with currents similar to homomeric P2X3 receptors. They show little or no sensitivity to other putative nociceptive agonists, including capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde, menthol, pH 6.0, or glutamate. These properties, together with selective innervation of the stratum granulosum, indicate that Mrgprd+ neurons are nociceptors in the outer epidermis and may respond indirectly to external stimuli by detecting ATP release in the skin.
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Anderson DJ, Huyvaert KP, Awkerman JA, Proaño CB, Milstead WB, Jiménez-Uzcátegui G, Cruz S, Grace JK. Population status of the Critically Endangered waved albatross Phoebastria irrorata, 1999 to 2007. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2008. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Briggs CA, Schrimpf MR, Anderson DJ, Gubbins EJ, Grønlien JH, Håkerud M, Ween H, Thorin-Hagene K, Malysz J, Li J, Bunnelle WH, Gopalakrishnan M, Meyer MD. alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist properties of tilorone and related tricyclic analogues. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 153:1054-61. [PMID: 18157163 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has attracted considerable interest as a target for cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's Disease. However, most recently described alpha7 agonists are derived from the quinuclidine structural class. Alternatively, the present study identifies tilorone as a novel alpha7-selective agonist and characterizes analogues developed from this lead. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Activity and selectivity were determined from rat brain alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChR binding, recombinant nAChR activation, and native alpha7 nAChR mediated stimulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in PC12 cells. KEY RESULTS Tilorone bound alpha7 nAChR (IC(50) 110 nM) with high selectivity relative to alpha4beta2 (IC(50) 70 000 nM), activated human alpha7 nAChR with an EC(50) value of 2.5 microM and maximal response of 67% relative to acetylcholine, and showed little agonist effect at human alpha3beta4 or alpha4beta2 nAChRs. However, the rat alpha7 nAChR maximal response was only 34%. Lead optimization led to 2-(5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-xanthen-9-one (A-844606) with improved binding (alpha7 IC(50) 11 nM, alpha4beta2 IC(50)>30 000 nM) and activity at both human and rat alpha7 nAChR (EC(50)s 1.4 and 2.2 microM and apparent efficacies 61 and 63%, respectively). These compounds also activated native alpha7 nAChR, stimulating ERK1/2 phosphorylation in PC12 cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Tilorone, known as an interferon inducer, is a selective alpha7 nAChR agonist, suggesting utility of the fluorenone pharmacophore for the development of alpha7 nAChR selective agonists. Whether alpha7 stimulation mediates interferon induction, or whether interferon induction may influence the potential anti-inflammatory properties of alpha7 nAChR agonists remains to be elucidated.
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Anderson DJ, Thomson LC. Sulphanilamide inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in whole blood. J Physiol 2007; 107:203-9. [PMID: 16991799 PMCID: PMC1392154 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1948.sp004263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Srivastava MD, Anderson DJ. Progesterone receptor expression by human leukocyte cell lines: molecular mechanisms of cytokine suppression. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2007; 34:14-24. [PMID: 17447631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated progesterone (P) signaling in human leukemia cells, shown to downregulate cytokines with P. METHODS The following tests were utilized: PCR with FAM labeled primers and Gene Scan with the Applied Biosystems 373 DNA sequencer for progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA, immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies (Zymed and Ventana) for PR protein, RT-PCR for glucocorticoid receptor (GR), NFkappaB (p65, p50, p52), c-rel, IkappaB-alpha, c-jun, c-fos, mRNA, transient transfections with pNF-kappaB-SEAP, and pGRE-SEAP vectors with chemiluminescence detection for NFkappaB and GR activity. RESULTS PR transcripts were demonstrated in MOT, U937, K562, THP-1, 8226, U226, not in JUKAT, HL60, HUT102, isolated normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells, or purified CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. Estradiol increased PR mRNA in MOT and U937. MOT, U937, K562, KG-1, 8226, ATL, and CD8+HTLV-1 expressed PR protein. SRIH-BATL, 729PH6NEO, HS-1, R-CLL, and JURKAT were negative. Steady state mRNA for GR, NFkappaB (p65, p50, p52), IkappaB-alpha, c-jun were unchanged with P in MOT and U937; c-fos and c-rel were not detected. There was a concentration-dependent reduction of NFkappaB activity with P in MOT and U937. CONCLUSION The mechanism of cytokine suppression by P is mediated at least in part by suppression of NFkappaB, but the interaction of sex hormones, receptors, and transcription factors is complex.
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Liu Y, Anderson DJ. ANION-EXCHANGE HPLC OF FIBRINOGEN AND FIBRINOGEN DEGRADATION PRODUCTS USING pH GRADIENTS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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