1
|
Mukherjee MM, Xu P, Stevens ED, Kováč P. Towards the Complete Synthetic O-Antigen of Vibrio cholerae O1, Serotype Inaba: Improved Synthesis of the Conjugation-ready Upstream Terminal Hexasaccharide Determinant. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36440-36454. [PMID: 33791092 PMCID: PMC8009174 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08232h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of the upstream terminal hexasaccharide part of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Vibrio cholerae O1, serotype Inaba has been improved. The key improvements include but are not limited to optimized conditions for the stereoselectivity of glycosylation reactions involved and fewer number of synthetic steps, compared to previous approaches. Particularly noteworthy is conducting the glycosylation of the very reactive glycosyl acceptor 8-azido-3,6-dioxaoctanol with the fully assembled hexasaccharide trichloroacetimidate under thermodynamic control. It produced the desired α glycoside with an α : β ratio of 7 : 1, compared with the ratio of 1.1 : 1, observed when the coupling was conducted conventionally. Several substances, which were previously obtained in purity acceptable only for synthetic intermediates, were now obtained in the analytically pure state and were fully characterized. The structure of the key trisaccharide glycosyl acceptor was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray structure determination. Improved synthesis of the conjugation-ready upstream terminal hexasaccharide determinant has been described with special reference to the stereoselectivity refinement.![]()
Collapse
|
2
|
Markham JP, Wang B, Stevens ED, Burris SC, Deng Y. ortho
‐Alkylation of Pyridine
N
‐Oxides with Alkynes by Photocatalysis: Pyridine
N
‐Oxide as a Redox Auxiliary. Chemistry 2019; 25:6638-6644. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
3
|
Key B, Arlinghaus R, Browman HI, Cooke SJ, Cowx IG, Diggles BK, Rose JD, Sawynok W, Schwab A, Skiftesvik AB, Stevens ED, Watson CA. Problems with equating thermal preference with 'emotional fever' and sentience: comment on 'Fish can show emotional fever: stress-induced hyperthermia in zebrafish' by Rey et al. (2015). Proc Biol Sci 2019; 284:rspb.2016.0681. [PMID: 28100812 PMCID: PMC5310028 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
4
|
C. Tice N, Wild S, Olmstead C, D. Stevens E, Yan B, Brooks H, L. Jenkins J. Synthesis, Characterization, and Electronic and Structural Calculations of Some 1,4-Disubstituted Cyclopenta[d][1,2]oxazines. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
5
|
Chatigny F, Groman DB, Martinson SA, Stevens ED. Evaluation of tissue changes following intramuscular infiltration of lidocaine in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 92:888-900. [PMID: 29363141 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were infiltrated with either saline or lidocaine adjacent to the dorsal fin to assess histopathological changes. Infiltration was done as if it were being used as a local anaesthetic. Tissue lesions and associated tissue healing were examined over a period of 30 days. Most changes occurred at the cranial site of where the solution was first infiltrated. The infiltration of a dose of 10 mg kg-1 of lidocaine appears to have damaged the skeletal muscle and connective tissues more than a similar volume of saline, especially during the first 15 days. The primary changes included haemorrhage, inflammation and muscle degeneration and necrosis. By day 30 post-infiltration inflammatory lesions were either nearly or completely absent, signs of myofibre regeneration were noted in only one fish. This experiment shows local anaesthetics and saline can produce localized tissue damage, especially during the first 2 weeks post infiltration. Care should be taken to allow the fish to heal for at least 30 days and probably more, no matter the solution administered, especially if giving repeated injections or infiltrations at the same site.
Collapse
|
6
|
Stevens ED, Arlinghaus R, Browman HI, Cooke SJ, Cowx IG, Diggles BK, Key B, Rose JD, Sawynok W, Schwab A, Skiftesvik AB, Watson CA, Wynne CDL. Stress is not pain. Comment on Elwood and Adams (2015) 'Electric shock causes physiological stress responses in shore crabs, consistent with prediction of pain'. Biol Lett 2016; 12:rsbl.2015.1006. [PMID: 27048466 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
7
|
Xu P, Stevens ED, French AD, Kováč P. Synthesis and molecular structure of the 5-methoxycarbonylpentyl α-glycoside of the upstream, terminal moiety of the O-specific polysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O1, serotype Inaba. Molecules 2015; 20:2892-902. [PMID: 25679049 PMCID: PMC6272311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20022892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf)-catalyzed reaction of methyl 6-hydroxyhexanoate with 3-O-benzyl-4-(2,4-di-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronamido)-4,6-dideoxy-2-O-levulinoyl-α-d-mannopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate followed by a two-step deprotection (hydrogenolysis over Pd/C catalyst and Zemplén deacylation, to simultaneously remove the acetyl and levulinoyl groups) gave 5-(methoxycarbonyl)pentyl 4-(3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronamido)-4,6-dideoxy-α-d-mannopyranoside. The structure of the latter, for which crystals were obtained in the analytically pure state for the first time, followed from its NMR and high-resolution mass spectra and was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The molecule has two approximately linear components; a line through the aglycon intersects a line through the mannosyl and tetronylamido groups at 120°. The crystal packing separates the aglycon groups from the tetronylamido and mannosyl groups, with only C-H…O hydrogen bonding among the aglycon groups and N-H…O, O-H…O and C-H…O links among the tetronylamido and mannosyl groups. A carbonyl oxygen atom accepts the strongest O-H…O hydrogen bond and two strong C-H…O hydrogen bonds. The geometric properties were compared with those of related molecules.
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Thaxton A, Izenwasser S, Wade D, Stevens ED, Mobley DL, Jaber V, Lomenzo SA, Trudell ML. 3-Aryl-3-arylmethoxyazetidines. A new class of high affinity ligands for monoamine transporters. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4404-7. [PMID: 23806554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-aryl-3-arylmethoxy-azetidines were synthesized and evaluated for binding affinities at dopamine and serotonin transporters. The 3-aryl-3-arylmethoxyazetidines were generally SERT selective with the dichloro substituted congener 7c (Ki=1.0 nM) and the tetrachloro substituted derivative 7i (Ki=1.3 nM) possessing low nanomolar affinity for the SERT. The 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl-3-phenylmethoxyazetidine (7g) exhibited moderate affinity at both DAT and SERT transporters and suggests that substitution of the aryl rings can be used to tune the mononamine transporter affinity.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zelaya CA, Stevens ED, Dowd MK. Di(phenylpropylamino)gossypol: a derivative of the dimeric natural product gossypol. Acta Crystallogr C 2013; 69:439-43. [PMID: 23579723 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270113006288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Di(phenylpropylamino)gossypol [systematic name: 2,2'-bis{1,6-dihydroxy-5-isopropyl-8-[(3-phenylpropylamino)methylidene]naphthalen-7-one}, C48H52N2O6, was formed by reaction of the dimeric natural product gossypol with 3-phenylpropylamine. The structure of this compound has its two naphthalene ring systems oriented approximately perpendicular to each other, and the two pendant phenylpropyl groups have different conformations. One of these side groups is considerably disordered at room temperature but less so at 120 K. The enantiomeric molecules form centrosymmetric dimers that are supported by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and by hydrophobic interactions between a pair of naphthalene rings. Two additional hydrogen bonds tie the dimer pairs into layers. Unlike gossypol and many gossypol Schiff base derivatives, the title compound crystallizes without the inclusion of solvent, which appears to occur because of the size and flexibility of its phenylpropyl pendent groups.
Collapse
|
11
|
Papudippu M, Shu H, Izenwasser S, Wade D, Gulasey G, Fournet S, Stevens ED, Lomenzo SA, Trudell ML. Regioselective synthesis and cannabinoid receptor binding affinity of N-alkylated 4,5-diaryl-1,2,3-triazoles. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-9991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Upadhyay SK, Creech CC, Bowdy KL, Stevens ED, Jursic BS, Neumann DM. Synthesis and antifungal activity of functionalized 2,3-spirostane isomers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2826-31. [PMID: 21489791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are a major complication for individuals with compromised immune systems. One of the most significant challenges in the treatment of invasive fungal infections is the increased resistance of many organisms to widely used antifungals, making the development of novel antifungal agents essential. Many naturally occurring products have been found to be effective antimicrobial agents. In particular, saponins with spirostane glycosidic moieties-isolated from plant or marine species-have been shown to possess a range of antimicrobial properties. In this report, we outline a novel approach to the synthesis of a number of functionalized spirostane molecules that can be further used as building blocks for novel spirostane-linked glycosides and present results from the in vitro screenings of the antifungal potential of each derivative against four fungal species, including Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida glabrata, and the filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus.
Collapse
|
13
|
Jursic BS, Stevens ED. Preparation of Nitrogen Heterocycles of Spiro[Furo[2,3‐d]‐Pyrimidine]Pyrimidine Derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-200034786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
14
|
Zelaya CA, Stevens ED, Dowd MK. 6,6′-Dimethoxygossypolone. Acta Crystallogr C 2010; 66:o517-20. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270110036541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
15
|
Trudell ML, Miao L, Shu H, Noble AR, Fournet SP, Stevens ED. An enantioselective formal synthesis of (+)-gephyrotoxin 287C. ARKIVOC 2010. [DOI: 10.3998/ark.5550190.0011.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
16
|
Stevens ED, Dowd MK, Johnson GP, French AD. Experimental and theoretical electron density distribution of α,α-trehalose dihydrate. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1469-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
17
|
Zhu N, Lightsey D, Liu J, Foroozesh M, Morgan KM, Stevens ED, Klein Stevens CL. Ethynyl and Propynylpyrene Inhibitors of Cytochrome P450. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2010; 40:343-352. [PMID: 20473363 PMCID: PMC2869100 DOI: 10.1007/s10870-009-9659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The single-crystal X-ray structures and in vivo activities of three aryl acetylenic inhibitors of cytochromes P450 1A1, 1A2, 2A6, and 2B1 have been determined and are reported herein. These are 1-ethynylpyrene, 1-propy-nylpyrene, and 4-propynylpyrene. To investigate electronic influences on the mechanism of enzyme inhibition, the experimental electron density distribution of 1-ethynylpy-rene has been determined using low-temperature X-ray diffraction measurements, and the resulting net atomic charges compared with various theoretical calculations. A total of 82,390 reflections were measured with Mo Kα radiation to a (sinθ/λ)(max) = 0.985 Å(-1). Averaging symmetry equivalent reflections yielded 8,889 unique reflections. A least squares refinement procedure was used in which multipole parameters were added to describe the distortions of the atomic electron distributions from spherical symmetry. A map of the model electron density distribution of 1-ethynylpyrene was obtained. Net atomic charges calculated from refined monopole population parameters yielded charges that showed that the terminal acetylenic carbon atom (C18) is more negative than the internal carbon (C17). Net atomic charges calculated by ab initio, density functional theory, and semi-empirical methods are consistent with this trend suggesting that the terminal acetylenic carbon atom is more likely to be the site of oxidation. This is consistent with the inhibition mechanism pathway that results in the formation of a reactive ketene intermediate. This is also consistent with assay results that determined that 1-ethynylpyrene acts as a mechanism-based inhibitor of P450s 1A1 and 1A2 and as a reversible inhibitor of P450 2B1. Crystallographic data: 1-ethynylpyrene, C(18)H(10), P2(1)/c, a = 14.571(2) Å, b = 3.9094(5) Å, c = 20.242(3) Å, β = 105.042(2)°, V = 1,113.5(2) Å(3); 1-propynylpyrene, C(19)H(12), P2(1)/n, a = 8.970(2) Å, b = 10.136(1) Å, c = 14.080(3) Å, β = 99.77(2)°, V = 1,261.5(4) Å(3); 4-propynylpyrene, C(19)H(12), Pbca, a = 9.904(1) Å, b = 13.174(2) Å, c = 19.401(1) Å, V = 2,531.4(5) Å(3).
Collapse
|
18
|
Fortman GC, Scott NM, Linden A, Stevens ED, Dorta R, Nolan SP. Unusual reactivities of N-heterocyclic carbenes upon coordination to the platinum(II)-dimethyl moiety. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:1050-2. [PMID: 20126709 DOI: 10.1039/b920482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated NHCs of varying steric bulk undergo a series of unusual oxidative addition and reductive elimination processes upon binding to the Pt(Me)(2) fragment.
Collapse
|
19
|
Díez-González S, Escudero-Adán EC, Benet-Buchholz J, Stevens ED, Slawin AMZ, Nolan SP. [(NHC)CuX] complexes: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activities in reduction reactions and Click Chemistry. On the advantage of using well-defined catalytic systems. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:7595-606. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Gaillard S, Slawin AMZ, Bonura AT, Stevens ED, Nolan SP. Synthetic and Structural Studies of [AuCl3(NHC)] Complexes. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900814e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
21
|
Kaur H, Izenwasser S, Verma A, Wade D, Housman A, Stevens ED, Mobley DL, Trudell ML. Synthesis and monoamine transporter affinity of 3alpha-arylmethoxy-3beta-arylnortropanes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6865-8. [PMID: 19896846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-arylnortrop-2-enes and 3alpha-arylmethoxy-3beta-arylnortropanes were synthesized and evaluated for binding affinity at monoamine transporters. The 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)nortrop-2-ene (6e) exhibited high affinity for the SERT (K(i)=0.3 nM). The 3alpha-arylmethoxy-3beta-arylnortropanes were generally SERT selective with the 3alpha-(3.4-dichlorophenylmethoxy)-3betaphenylnortrop-2-ene (7c) possessing subnanomolar potency (K(i)=0.061 nM). However, 3alpha-(3,4-dichlorophenylmethoxy)-3beta-phenylnortrop-2-ene (7b) exhibited high affinity at all three transporters [(DAT K(i)=22 nM), (SERT K(i)=6 nM) and (NET K(i)=101 nM)].
Collapse
|
22
|
Verma A, Stevens ED. N-(4-Hydroxy-phen-yl)-2-(1,1,3-trioxo-2,3-di-hydro-1,2-benzothia-zol-2-yl)-acet-amide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o1667. [PMID: 21582927 PMCID: PMC2969438 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809023022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(15)H(12)N(2)O(5)S, the benzisothia-zole group is approximately planar (r.m.s. deviation excluding H atoms and the two O atoms bonded to S = 0.023 Å). The dihedral angle between the benzisothia-zole ring and the terminal phenol ring is 84.9 (1)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are joined by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and π-stacking inter-actions are observed between alternating phenol and benzisothia-zole rings [centroid-centroid distances = 3.929 (3) and 3.943 (3) Å].
Collapse
|
23
|
Cheng J, Xu L, Stevens ED, Trudell ML, Izenwasser S, Wade D. Stereoselective synthesis of conformationally constrained tropane analogues: 6-Chloro-2,5-diazatetracyclo[8.5.0.02,13.04,9]pentadeca-4,6,8-triene-11-one and 6-chloro-2,7-diazatetracyclo-[8.5.0.02,13.04,9]pentadeca-4,6,8-triene-11-one. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570410414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
24
|
Shu H, Izenwasser S, Wade D, Stevens ED, Trudell ML. Synthesis and CB1 cannabinoid receptor affinity of 4-alkoxycarbonyl-1,5-diaryl-1,2,3-triazoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:891-3. [PMID: 19097888 PMCID: PMC2631625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-alkoxycarbonyl-1,5-diaryl-1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized regioselectively using click chemistry and evaluated at CB1 cannabinoid receptors. The n-propyl ester 11 (K(i)=4.6 nM) and phenyl ester 14 (K(i)=11 nM) exhibited the most potent affinity of the series.
Collapse
|
25
|
Cheuk S, Stevens ED, Wang G. Synthesis and structural analysis of a series of D-glucose derivatives as low molecular weight gelators. Carbohydr Res 2008; 344:417-25. [PMID: 19154993 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight gelators are an interesting new type of compounds that are important in supramolecular chemistry and advanced materials. Previously, we had synthesized several acyl derivatives of methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranoside and found that a number of terminal acetylene-containing esters are good gelators. To understand the structure requirement of the acyl chains, we synthesized a series of analogs containing different functional groups including aryl, alkenyl, and halogen derivatives. X-ray crystal structures of a monoester and a diester derivative were also obtained to help understand the relationship between structure and gelation. For good gelation properties, the carboxyl derivatives should possess alkyl groups containing a terminal acetylene group and aryl derivatives.
Collapse
|