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Rajah SM, Foley ME, Clayton JK, Aparicio SR, Bird CC, McNicol GP. The Haemostatic Mechanism and Menstruation: The Role of Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Devices. Thromb Haemost 2019; 42:1548-1556. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1657057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe haemostatic mechanism of 40 female patients undergoing menstruation, 20 with intra-uterine devices (IUCD) and 20 without (Control), were studied. The patients’ coagulation profiles, fibrinolytic system and platelet functions were studied before and after hysterectomy. Platelet survival times and platelet consumption was determined using 51Cr. labelled autologous platelets. Patients who menstruated during the study had their pads collected and radioactivity measured. Histology, autoradiography and scintillation counting was performed on uteri obtained from a hysterectomy performed towards the end of the platelet survival study period. There were no significant differences in the coagulation, fibrinolytic and platelet function tests in these 2 groups, though in each group there were the expected changes after operation.Platelet survival time, consumption and radioactivity in the tampons showed no significant differences between the IUCD and control groups, although there were 6 patients with low platelet survival times in the IUCD group. Resected uteri showed surprising lack of concentration of platelets which may have been due in part to loss of blood at operation and handling of the uterus. Surprisingly, in the control patients, platelet survival time in response to the severe haemosatic challenge of menstruation were normal. However in the IUCD group, 6 patients showed shortening of platelet survival. Also surprisingly and equally in both control and IUCD groups, was the small amount of platelet related radioactivity in the menstruating fluid.
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Goodfellow CF, Paton RC, Salmon JA, Moncada S, Clayton JK, Davies JA, McNicol GP. 6-oxo-Prostaglandin F1α and Thromboxane B2 in Uterine Vein Blood - A Possible Role in Menstrual Bleeding. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1657204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe role of the haemostatic system in relation to menstrual bleeding is poorly understood. Platelet retention to glass beads and plasma concentrations of 6-oxo-PGFα and thromboxane B2 were measured in uterine and peripheral venous blood obtained from 18 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Concentrations of 6-oxo-PGFα were significantly (p<0.01) higher in uterine (1.4 ± 0.3 ng/ml, mean ± SEM) than in peripheral vein blood (0.2 ±0.1 ng/ml) as was the level of thromboxane B2 (0.5 + 0.1 and 0.2 ± 0.1 ng/ml, respectively). Platelet retention in uterine vein blood (11 ± 4%) was significantly lower than in peripheral blood (42 ±4%; p<0.01) and the degree of platelet retention correlated inversely with the plasma concentration of 6-oxo-PGFα (r −0.43; p<0.01). There was a significant rank correlation between time since menstruation and concentrations of 6-oxo-PGFα in uterine (τ + 0.69; p<0.001) and peripheral (τ + 0.56; p<0.05) vein blood. The results indicate that an increased local production of prostacyclin (PGI2) relative to thromboxane A2 at the time of menstruation could contribute to the mechanism of uterine bleeding.
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Toy JL, Davies JA, Hancock KW, McNicol GP. The Effects of an Increase in Endogenous Oestrogen on the Haemostatic Mechanism. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1646743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe effects on the haemostatic mechanism of rises in circulating human oestrogen in a group of women being treated for infertility with pituitary hormones were studied. Despite large but brief rises in oestrogen levels no changes were found.
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Davies JA, Crandon AJ, McNicol GP. Defective Fibrinolysis in Venous Thrombosis. Scott Med J 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/00369330810260s105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies a variety of attempts have been made to define laboratory tests which could predict patients who would develop deep vein thrombosis post-operatively. Such tests included the partial thromboplastin time, haematocrit and platelet adhesiveness. In this study patients undergoing gynaecological surgery were screened in advance with a panel of clinical measurements and laboratory tests and the development of DVT was noted using 125I-fibrinogen leg scanning. The values for the selected variables were analysed using logistic discrimination. The factors with the greatest prediction were the euglobulin lysis time, age, varicose veins, serum FR-antigen and percentage overweight for height. When this formula was applied to a further group of patients it allowed a ‘high risk’ group to be defined and these were given low-dose heparin with a significant reduction in the incidence of post-operative DVT. An unexpected finding was that patients who smoked cigarettes appeared to be protected from post-operative DVT.
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Davies T, McNicol GP, Fieldhouse G, Gallagher JC, Nordin BE. A comparison of the effects of oestriol succinate and ethinyl oestradiol on blood coagulation, platelet function and fibrinolysis in post-menopausal women. FRONTIERS OF HORMONE RESEARCH 2015; 3:185-98. [PMID: 791696 DOI: 10.1159/000398275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Douglas AS, Clatanoff DV, McNicol GP, Bailey PA. An atypical circulating anticoagulant. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY 2009; 3:49-58. [PMID: 5914456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1966.tb00625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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McNicol GP, Prentice CR, Briggs JD, Pidgeon C. Fibrinogen degradation products (F.D.P.) in renal disease: estimation and significance of F.D.P. in urine. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY. SUPPLEMENTUM 2009; 13:329-30. [PMID: 5290694 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1971.tb02031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Goodfellow CF, Paton RC, Salmon JA, Moncada S, Clayton JK, Davies JA, McNicol GP. 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 in uterine vein blood--a possible role in menstrual bleeding. Thromb Haemost 1982; 48:9-12. [PMID: 7135349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The role of the haemostatic system in relation to menstrual bleeding is poorly understood. Platelet retention to glass beads and plasma concentrations of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 were measured in uterine and peripheral venous blood obtained from 18 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Concentrations of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha were significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in uterine (1.4 +/- 0.3 ng/ml, mean +/- SEM) than in peripheral vein blood (0.2 +/- 0.1 ng/ml) as was the level of thromboxane B2 (0.5 +/- 0.1 and 0.2 +/- 0.1 ng/ml, respectively). Platelet retention in uterine vein blood (11 +/- 4%) was significantly lower than in peripheral blood (42 +/- 4%; p less than 0.01) and the degree of platelet retention correlated inversely with the plasma concentration of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha (r -0.43; p less than 0.01). There was a significant rank correlation between time since menstruation and concentrations of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha in uterine (tau + 0.69; p less than 0.001) and peripheral (tau + 0.56; p less than 0.05) vein blood. The results indicate that an increased local production of prostacyclin (PGI2) relative to thromboxane A2 at the time of menstruation could contribute to the mechanism of uterine bleeding.
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Tindall H, Paton RC, McNicol GP. Aspirin, dipyridamole and platelet survival in patients with diabetes mellitus. Clin Sci (Lond) 1982; 63:205-9. [PMID: 7044655 DOI: 10.1042/cs0630205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
1. Platelet survival in 27 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with severe retinopathy was studied in a double-blind cross-over trial using placebo, aspirin (990 mg/day) and a combination of dipyridamole (225 mg/day) with aspirin at two dosage levels (330 mg and 990 mg/day). 2. Twenty patients (group I) had 51Cr-labelled-platelet survival after treatment with placebo and the high-dose-aspirin/dipyridamole combination. The remaining seven patients (group II) had platelet-regeneration times measured after each of the four treatment periods. 3. Treatment of group I patients with the high-dose-aspirin/dipyridamole combination resulted in significant (P less than 0.001) prolongation of platelet survival from 7.3 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SEM days to 8.4 +/- 0.1 days. 4. In group II patients, when compared with the mean placebo result of 7.2 +/- 0.2 days, the mean aspirin-labelled-platelet-regeneration time was significantly (P less than 0.01) longer only after high-dose-aspirin/dipyridamole (9.8 +/- 0.5 days) but not after low-dose-aspirin/dipyridamole (8.3 +/- 0.5 days) or aspirin alone (7.3 +/- 0.3 days). 5. These results suggest that it may be premature to consider reducing the dose of aspirin in aspirin/dipyridamole combinations below 1 g/day when used as antithrombotic therapy.
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Davies JA, Tindall H, Paton RC, Menys VC, Doig RL, Kester RC, McNicol GP. Platelet survival in patients treated with ticlopidine following reconstructive arterial surgery. Thromb Res 1982; 27:365-9. [PMID: 7135360 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(82)90083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Paton RC, Kernoff PB, Wales JK, McNicol GP. Effects of diet and gliclazide on the haemostatic system of non-insulin-dependent diabetics. BMJ : BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1981; 283:1018-20. [PMID: 6794745 PMCID: PMC1507242 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.283.6298.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the sulphonylurea gliclazide on tests of haemostatic function was studied in 14 newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetics. After two months' treatment with diet alone 11 of the 14 were given gliclazide; the three others remained on dietary treatment. Compared with pretreatment values, significant reductions in platelets retention, factor VIII-related antigen, factor VIII coagulant activity, and plasma heparin neutralising activity accompanied a fall in the plasma glucose concentration due to either diet alone or diet and gliclazide. The beneficial effects of gliclazide on platelet abnormalities seem likely to be due to its hypoglycaemic action rather than to any direct effect on haemostatic function.
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Tooke JE, Tindall H, McNicol GP. The influence of a combined oral contraceptive pill and menstrual cycle phase on digital microvascular haemodynamics. Clin Sci (Lond) 1981; 61:91-5. [PMID: 7249558 DOI: 10.1042/cs0610091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
1. Nailfold capillary pressure, digital blood flow and skin temperature have been measured on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 of the menstrual cycle in 10 women on a combined oral contraceptive pill and 10 control subjects with normal menstrual cycles. 2. Capillary pressure and digital blood flow were statistically significantly higher in the group taking an oral contraceptive pill compared with control subjects. 3. Capillary pressure values for women failed to show the same positive correlation with skin temperature previously described in normal men. 4. The results are interpreted as evidence for a powerful modulating influence of sex steroids on digital microvascular haemodynamics.
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Tooke JE, McNicol GP. Thrombotic disorders associated with pregnancy and the pill. CLINICS IN HAEMATOLOGY 1981; 10:613-30. [PMID: 7032788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Tindall H, Zuzel M, Paton RC, McNicol GP. Changes in thrombin-stimulated platelet malondialdehyde production during the menstrual cycle. J Clin Pathol 1981; 34:595-8. [PMID: 7251901 PMCID: PMC493616 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.34.6.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Forty normal women had thrombin-stimulated platelet malondialdehyde (MDA) production measured during their menstrual cycle. Twenty women in this group were taking the combined oral contraceptive pill (OCP). Platelet MDA production was found to fall by 30% during normal menstruation and the week when the subjects were not taking a combined OCP, but it remained constant throughout the remainder of the cycle. No significant change in initial platelet aggregation response to stimulation by thrombin, change in plasma thrombin clotting time, plasma heparin neutralising activity (HNA), or plasma antithrombin III (AT-III) activity was seen when the platelet MDA production was reduced. The bleeding time results showed some variation throughout the menstrual cycle but these did not appear to be related to the variation in platelet MDA production.
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Tindall H, Paton RC, Zuzel M, McNicol GP. Platelet life-span in diabetics with and without retinopathy. Thromb Res 1981; 21:641-8. [PMID: 7268704 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(81)90265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Crandon AJ, Peel KR, Anderson JA, Thompson V, McNicol GP. Postoperative deep vein thrombosis: identifying high-risk patients. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1980; 281:343-4. [PMID: 7427271 PMCID: PMC1713546 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.281.6236.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A prospective study was carried out to confirm the validity of a predictive index for patients at risk of developing deep vein thrombosis. The index, which correctly identified nine out of 10 patients and incorrectly identified seven out of 52 patients as being at risk, is based on five variable--namely, the euglobulin lysis time, serum concentration of fibrin-related antigen, age, percentage overweight for height, and presence of varicose veins. Thus a population of patients at particularly high risk of developing postoperative deep vein thrombosis may be identified preoperatively by means of this index, so that prophylaxis may be used more rationally.
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Crandon AJ, Peel KR, Anderson JA, Thompson V, McNicol GP. Prophylaxis of postoperative deep vein thrombosis: selective use of low-dose heparin in high-risk patients. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1980; 281:345-7. [PMID: 7427272 PMCID: PMC1713510 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.281.6236.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Administration of prophylactic low-dose subcutaneous heparin to prevent postoperative deep vein thrombosis is expensive, entails treating many patients unnecessarily, and causes some side effects. By using a predictive index a population of patients who are at particularly high risk of developing postoperative deep vein thrombosis may be identified preoperatively. Prophylaxis was given only to these patients, resulting in an incidence of deep vein thrombosis of 3.8% compared with 16.1% in previous studies in which no specific prophylaxis was given. By limiting prophylaxis to the group of patients identified by the predictive index as being at high risk of developing postoperative deep vein thrombosis results may be obtained that are as good as those expected from treating the whole population. Thus many patients are saved from exposure to low-dose subcutaneous heparin.
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Abstract
The clotting characteristics of pulmonary and systemic blood were studied in 10 patients with chronic rheumatic mitral valve disease complicated by atrial fibrillation and in seven patients with aortic valve disease in sinus rhythm. A haemostatic basis for the association of rheumatic mitral valve disease with thrombotic emboli was sought. Both groups of patients showed differences in platelet function between pulmonary and systemic arterial blood. In patients with mitral valve disease aggregation of platelets was significantly greater in pulmonary than in systemic arterial blood at rest; the converse was true during exercise. In aortic valve disease platelet aggregation was greater in systemic than in pulmonary arterial blood at all times. Only the patients with mitral valve disease showed changes in blood coagulation during passage through the lungs and left heart; there was a small but statistically significant shortening in partial thromboplastin time in systemic as compared with pulmonary arterial blood both at rest and during exercise. Similarly, the effects of exercise on the various haemostatic factors measured were largely confined to the patients with mitral valve disease; in these patients exercise stimulated an increase in factor VIII in pulmonary arterial blood and an increase in platelet adhesiveness and aggregability in left heart blood. These changes provide a basis for the suggestion that in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease, unlike those with aortic valve disease, there is an increased thrombotic tendency in blood in the left heart which is particularly pronounced during exercise.
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Rajah SM, Foley ME, Clayton JK, Aparicio SR, Bird CC, McNicol GP. The haemostatic mechanism and menstruation: the role of intra-uterine contraceptive devices. Thromb Haemost 1980; 42:1548-56. [PMID: 7368156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Zuzel M, Cawley JC, Paton RC, Burns GF, McNicol GP. Platelet function in hairy-cell leukaemia. J Clin Pathol 1979; 32:814-21. [PMID: 512041 PMCID: PMC1145815 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.32.8.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative study of various aspects of platelet function was carried out in eight patients with typical hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL). In at least two patients platelet aggregation was convincingly reduced to more than one aggregating agent (ADP, adrenaline, collagen, thrombin, and ristocetin). Granular storage capacity for {(14)C} 5-HT was reduced in five of the six patients tested. The two patients with definitely abnormal aggregation had the greatest reduction in granular storage pool and the longest bleeding times of those tested but, like the other patients, they did not have a clinical haemostatic defect. It was concluded that a granular storage pool defect (SPD) was at least partly responsible for aggregation abnormalities in HCL since the platelet release reaction in response to thrombin appeared to be normal. All our patients ran a chronic course uncomplicated by any of the factors known to predispose to a platelet SPD acquired in the circulation. Although in the one patient tested before and after splenectomy there was some improvement in platelet aggregation after operation, there was no clear general relationship between defective platelet function and either previous splenectomy or platelet count. Since a direct involvement of the megakaryocytic series in the underlying cell proliferation of HCL seems unlikely, it is concluded that the platelet defect can most reasonably be attributed to the production of abnormal platelets as a result of marrow fibrosis and/or infiltration by hairy cells.
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Cawley JC, McNicol GP. The investigation of the anaemic patient. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 1979; 22:158, 160-2, 164-7. [PMID: 486844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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