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Fisher G, Pečaver E, Read BJ, Leese SK, Laing E, Dickson AL, Czekster CM, da Silva RG. Catalytic Cycle of the Bifunctional Enzyme Phosphoribosyl-ATP Pyrophosphohydrolase/Phosphoribosyl-AMP Cyclohydrolase. ACS Catal 2023; 13:7669-7679. [PMID: 37288093 PMCID: PMC10242683 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The bifunctional enzyme phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphohydrolase/phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase (HisIE) catalyzes the second and third steps of histidine biosynthesis: pyrophosphohydrolysis of N1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP (PRATP) to N1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP (PRAMP) and pyrophosphate in the C-terminal HisE-like domain, and cyclohydrolysis of PRAMP to N-(5'-phospho-D-ribosylformimino)-5-amino-1-(5″-phospho-D-ribosyl)-4-imidazolecarboxamide (ProFAR) in the N-terminal HisI-like domain. Here we use UV-VIS spectroscopy and LC-MS to show Acinetobacter baumannii putative HisIE produces ProFAR from PRATP. Employing an assay to detect pyrophosphate and another to detect ProFAR, we established the pyrophosphohydrolase reaction rate is higher than the overall reaction rate. We produced a truncated version of the enzyme-containing only the C-terminal (HisE) domain. This truncated HisIE was catalytically active, which allowed the synthesis of PRAMP, the substrate for the cyclohydrolysis reaction. PRAMP was kinetically competent for HisIE-catalyzed ProFAR production, demonstrating PRAMP can bind the HisI-like domain from bulk water, and suggesting that the cyclohydrolase reaction is rate-limiting for the overall bifunctional enzyme. The overall kcat increased with increasing pH, while the solvent deuterium kinetic isotope effect decreased at more basic pH but was still large at pH 7.5. The lack of solvent viscosity effects on kcat and kcat/KM ruled out diffusional steps limiting the rates of substrate binding and product release. Rapid kinetics with excess PRATP demonstrated a lag time followed by a burst in ProFAR formation. These observations are consistent with a rate-limiting unimolecular step involving a proton transfer following adenine ring opening. We synthesized N1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ADP (PRADP), which could not be processed by HisIE. PRADP inhibited HisIE-catalyzed ProFAR formation from PRATP but not from PRAMP, suggesting that it binds to the phosphohydrolase active site while still permitting unobstructed access of PRAMP to the cyclohydrolase active site. The kinetics data are incompatible with a build-up of PRAMP in bulk solvent, indicating HisIE catalysis involves preferential channeling of PRAMP, albeit not via a protein tunnel.
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Gianoukakis A, Arnold S, Kahn S, Taylor M, Garralda E, Krebs M, Arkenau HT, Clark L, Fisher G, Subbiah V. 82TiP A modular, open-label, phase I/II study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of EP0031, a next generation selective RET inhibitor, in patients with advanced RET-altered malignancies. J Thorac Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(23)00336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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Fisher G, Mackels L, Markati T, Sarkozy A, Ochala J, Jungbluth H, Ramdas S, Servais L. Early clinical and pre-clinical therapy development in Nemaline myopathy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:853-867. [PMID: 36524401 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2157258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nemaline myopathies (NM) represent a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous congenital muscle disorders with the common denominator of nemaline rods on muscle biopsy. NEB and ACTA1 are the most common causative genes. Currently, available treatments are supportive. AREAS COVERED We explored experimental treatments for NM, identifying at least eleven mainly pre-clinical approaches utilizing murine and/or human muscle cells. These approaches target either i) the causative gene or associated genes implicated in the same pathway; ii) pathophysiologically relevant biochemical mechanisms such as calcium/myosin regulation of muscle contraction; iii) myogenesis; iv) other therapies that improve or optimize muscle function more generally; v) and/or combinations of the above. The scope and efficiency of these attempts is diverse, ranging from gene-specific effects to those widely applicable to all NM-associated genes. EXPERT OPINION The wide range of experimental therapies currently under consideration for NM is promising. Potential translation into clinical use requires consideration of additional factors such as the potential muscle type specificity as well as the possibility of gene expression remodeling. Challenges in clinical translation include the rarity and heterogeneity of genotypes, phenotypes, and disease trajectories, as well as the lack of longitudinal natural history data and validated outcomes and biomarkers.
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Sweeney P, Galliford A, Kumar A, Raju D, Krishna NB, Sutherland E, Leo CJ, Fisher G, Lalitha R, Muthuraj L, Sigamani G, Oehler V, Synowsky S, Shirran SL, Gloster TM, Czekster CM, Kumar P, da Silva RG. Structure, dynamics, and molecular inhibition of the Staphylococcus aureus m 1A22-tRNA methyltransferase TrmK. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102040. [PMID: 35595101 PMCID: PMC9190014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme m1A22-tRNA methyltransferase (TrmK) catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group to the N1 of adenine 22 in bacterial tRNAs. TrmK is essential for Staphylococcus aureus survival during infection but has no homolog in mammals, making it a promising target for antibiotic development. Here, we characterize the structure and function of S. aureus TrmK (SaTrmK) using X-ray crystallography, binding assays, and molecular dynamics simulations. We report crystal structures for the SaTrmK apoenzyme as well as in complexes with methyl donor SAM and co-product product SAH. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that SAM binds to the enzyme with favorable but modest enthalpic and entropic contributions, whereas SAH binding leads to an entropic penalty compensated for by a large favorable enthalpic contribution. Molecular dynamics simulations point to specific motions of the C-terminal domain being altered by SAM binding, which might have implications for tRNA recruitment. In addition, activity assays for SaTrmK-catalyzed methylation of A22 mutants of tRNALeu demonstrate that the adenine at position 22 is absolutely essential. In silico screening of compounds suggested the multifunctional organic toxin plumbagin as a potential inhibitor of TrmK, which was confirmed by activity measurements. Furthermore, LC-MS data indicated the protein was covalently modified by one equivalent of the inhibitor, and proteolytic digestion coupled with LC-MS identified Cys92 in the vicinity of the SAM-binding site as the sole residue modified. These results identify a cryptic binding pocket of SaTrmK, laying a foundation for future structure-based drug discovery.
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Markati T, Fisher G, Ramdas S, Servais L. Risdiplam: an investigational motor neuron-2 (SMN-2) splicing modifier for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:451-461. [PMID: 35316106 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2056836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease which is characterized by muscle atrophy and early death in most patients. Risdiplam is the third overall and first oral drug approved for SMA with disease-modifying potential. Risdiplam acts as a survival motor neuron 2 (SMN2) pre-mRNA splicing modifier with satisfactory safety and efficacy profile. This review aims to critically appraise the place of risdiplam in the map of SMA therapeutics. AREAS COVERED This review gives an overview of the current market for SMA and presents the mechanism of action and the pharmacological properties of risdiplam. It also outlines the development of risdiplam from early preclinical stages through to the most recently published results from phase 2/3 clinical trials. Risdiplam has proved its efficacy in pivotal trials for SMA Types 1, 2, and 3 with a satisfactory safety profile. EXPERT OPINION In the absence of comparative data with the other two approved drugs, the role of risdiplam in the treatment algorithm of affected individuals is examined in three different patient populations based on the age and diagnosis method (newborn screening or clinical, symptom-driven diagnosis). Long-term data and real-world data will play a fundamental role in its future.
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Bearne L, Volkmer B, Dhouri A, Farran D, Fisher G, Galea Holmes M, Modarai B, Patel S, Peacock J, Sackley C, Weinman J, Bieles J. A physiotherapist-led, home-based walking intervention for peripheral arterial disease: MOtivating Structured walking Activity for Intermittent Claudication (MOSAIC) randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.12.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Read BJ, Fisher G, Wissett OLR, Machado TFG, Nicholson J, Mitchell JBO, da Silva RG. Allosteric Inhibition of Acinetobacter baumannii ATP Phosphoribosyltransferase by Protein:Dipeptide and Protein:Protein Interactions. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:197-209. [PMID: 34928596 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ATP phosphoribosyltransferase (ATPPRT) catalyzes the first step of histidine biosynthesis in bacteria, namely, the condensation of ATP and 5-phospho-α-d-ribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to generate N1-(5-phospho-β-d-ribosyl)-ATP (PRATP) and pyrophosphate. Catalytic (HisGS) and regulatory (HisZ) subunits assemble in a hetero-octamer where HisZ activates HisGS and mediates allosteric inhibition by histidine. In Acinetobacter baumannnii, HisGS is necessary for the bacterium to persist in the lung during pneumonia. Inhibition of ATPPRT is thus a promising strategy for specific antibiotic development. Here, A. baumannii ATPPRT is shown to follow a rapid equilibrium random kinetic mechanism, unlike any other ATPPRT. Histidine noncompetitively inhibits ATPPRT. Binding kinetics indicates histidine binds to free ATPPRT and to ATPPRT:PRPP and ATPPRT:ATP binary complexes with similar affinity following a two-step binding mechanism, but with distinct kinetic partition of the initial enzyme:inhibitor complex. The dipeptide histidine-proline inhibits ATPPRT competitively and likely uncompetitively, respectively, against PRPP and ATP. Rapid kinetics analysis shows His-Pro binds to the ATPPRT:ATP complex via a two-step binding mechanism. A related HisZ that shares 43% sequence identity with A. baumannii HisZ is a tight-binding allosteric inhibitor of A. baumannii HisGS. These findings lay the foundation for inhibitor design against A. baumannii ATPPRT.
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Bieles J, Volkmer B, Holmes MG, Duvnjak S, Fisher G, Keane R, Modarai B, Peacock J, Weinman J, Sackley C, Bearne L. The impact of the motivating structured walking activity for intermittent claudication training for physiotherapists on therapeutic empathy and motivational interviewing. Physiotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.10.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Crow YJ, Marshall H, Rice GI, Seabra L, Jenkinson EM, Baranano K, Battini R, Berger A, Blair E, Blauwblomme T, Bolduc F, Boddaert N, Buckard J, Burnett H, Calvert S, Caumes R, Ng ACH, Chiang D, Clifford DB, Cordelli DM, de Burca A, Demic N, Desguerre I, De Waele L, Di Fonzo A, Dunham SR, Dyack S, Elmslie F, Ferrand M, Fisher G, Karimiani EG, Ghoumid J, Gibbon F, Goel H, Hilmarsen HT, Hughes I, Jacob A, Jones EA, Kumar R, Leventer RJ, MacDonald S, Maroofian R, Mehta SG, Metz I, Monfrini E, Neumann D, Noetzel M, O'Driscoll M, Õunap K, Panzer A, Parikh S, Prabhakar P, Ramond F, Sandford R, Saneto R, Soh C, Stutterd CA, Subramanian GM, Talbot K, Thomas RH, Toro C, Touraine R, Wakeling E, Wassmer E, Whitney A, Livingston JH, O'Keefe RT, Badrock AP. Leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts: Genetic and phenotypic spectrum. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:15-25. [PMID: 33029936 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in SNORD118, encoding the small nucleolar RNA U8, cause leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts (LCC). Given the difficulty in interpreting the functional consequences of variants in nonprotein encoding genes, and the high allelic polymorphism across SNORD118 in controls, we set out to provide a description of the molecular pathology and clinical spectrum observed in a cohort of patients with LCC. We identified 64 affected individuals from 56 families. Age at presentation varied from 3 weeks to 67 years, with disease onset after age 40 years in eight patients. Ten patients had died. We recorded 44 distinct, likely pathogenic, variants in SNORD118. Fifty two of 56 probands were compound heterozygotes, with parental consanguinity reported in only three families. Forty nine of 56 probands were either heterozygous (46) or homozygous (three) for a mutation involving one of seven nucleotides that facilitate a novel intramolecular interaction between the 5' end and 3' extension of precursor-U8. There was no obvious genotype-phenotype correlation to explain the marked variability in age at onset. Complementing recently published functional analyses in a zebrafish model, these data suggest that LCC most often occurs due to combinatorial severe and milder mutations, with the latter mostly affecting 3' end processing of precursor-U8.
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Chen D, Barsoumian H, Fisher G, Yang L, Vellano C, Marszalek J, Davies M, Cortez M, Welsh J. Combination Treatment With Radiotherapy And A Novel Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibitor Overcomes PD-1 Resistance And Enhances Antitumor Immunity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Forrester S, Fisher G, Chieng CY, Rogers SN. Oral and maxillofacial dental care professionals in critical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 59:117-120. [PMID: 33218695 PMCID: PMC7446613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
At the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic there was a ‘call to arms’ across the oral and maxillofacial staff. This article reports on the extended role of the department's dental care professionals (DCPs) and the tremendous opportunity and value that temporary redeployment presented.
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Thomson CM, Alphey MS, Fisher G, da Silva RG. Mapping the Structural Path for Allosteric Inhibition of a Short-Form ATP Phosphoribosyltransferase by Histidine. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3078-3086. [PMID: 31251578 PMCID: PMC6685669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ATP phosphoribosyltransferase (ATPPRT) catalyzes the first step of histidine biosynthesis, being allosterically inhibited by the final product of the pathway. Allosteric inhibition of long-form ATPPRTs by histidine has been extensively studied, but inhibition of short-form ATPPRTs is poorly understood. Short-form ATPPRTs are hetero-octamers formed by four catalytic subunits (HisGS) and four regulatory subunits (HisZ). HisGS alone is catalytically active and insensitive to histidine. HisZ enhances catalysis by HisGS in the absence of histidine but mediates allosteric inhibition in its presence. Here, steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetics establish that histidine is a noncompetitive inhibitor of short-form ATPPRT and that inhibition does not occur by dissociating HisGS from the hetero-octamer. The crystal structure of ATPPRT in complex with histidine and the substrate 5-phospho-α-d-ribosyl-1-pyrophosphate was determined, showing histidine bound solely to HisZ, with four histidine molecules per hetero-octamer. Histidine binding involves the repositioning of two HisZ loops. The histidine-binding loop moves closer to histidine to establish polar contacts. This leads to a hydrogen bond between its Tyr263 and His104 in the Asp101-Leu117 loop. The Asp101-Leu117 loop leads to the HisZ-HisGS interface, and in the absence of histidine, its motion prompts HisGS conformational changes responsible for catalytic activation. Following histidine binding, interaction with the histidine-binding loop may prevent the Asp101-Leu117 loop from efficiently sampling conformations conducive to catalytic activation. Tyr263Phe-PaHisZ-containing PaATPPRT, however, is less susceptible though not insensitive to histidine inhibition, suggesting the Tyr263-His104 interaction may be relevant to yet not solely responsible for transmission of the allosteric signal.
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Fisher G, Smith RD, Saridogan E, Vashisht A, Allen S, Arumuham V, Cutner A. Case selection for urological input in planned laparoscopic rectovaginal endometriosis surgery. Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2019; 11:111-117. [PMID: 31824632 PMCID: PMC6897523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery for deep endometriosis often requires input from urological surgeons. This study aims to determine pre-operative and intra-operative factors that influence the need for urological input in laparoscopic resection of rectovaginal endometriosis and to assess the usefulness of a scoring system to predict this. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 230 patients undergoing laparoscopic excision of deep endometriosis, at a tertiary referral centre for endometriosis in London UK, 2011 to 2015. Data from pre-operative assessment, surgery and post-operative follow up were analysed and patients were categorised according to their pre-operative and intra-operative risk factors. The primary outcome measure was the requirement of intra-operative input by urological surgeons. RESULTS The median age was 35 years. In addition to the excision of endometriosis, 19.6% patients (45 patients) underwent hysterectomy, 14.8% (34 patients) required JJ stent placement, 6.1% (14 patients) had bowel resections and 2.6% (6 patients) required an ileostomy. 93.9% (216 patients) were considered normal-risk pre-operatively, of whom 89.4% (193/216) did not require any intra-operative urological input. 10.6% of this normal-risk group (23/216) required JJ stents, of whom 69.6% (16/23) also required a hysterectomy or bowel resection. Post operative complications occurred in 0.9% (2/216) of normal-risk patients, with none having required intra-operative urological reconstruction.Six percent (14 patients) were deemed to be increased-risk pre-operatively, of whom 78.6% (11/14) required JJ stent insertion. Thirty-six percent of increased-risk patients (5/14) had pre-operative renal dysfunction demonstrated on MAG3/DMSA and 80.0% of these (4/5) required intra-operative ureteric reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS Patients considered normal-risk pre-operatively, planned for excision, without hysterectomy or bowel resection, can be safely managed without specific urology input. Patients with risk-features are highly likely to require urological input, particularly for JJ stent insertion. Patients with pre-operative renal dysfunction, demonstrated on MAG3/DMSA, have a high chance of requiring intra-operative ureteric reconstruction and are best managed with pre-planned reconstructive urologist input.
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Neal CA, Brantley SR, Antolik L, Babb JL, Burgess M, Calles K, Cappos M, Chang JC, Conway S, Desmither L, Dotray P, Elias T, Fukunaga P, Fuke S, Johanson IA, Kamibayashi K, Kauahikaua J, Lee RL, Pekalib S, Miklius A, Million W, Moniz CJ, Nadeau PA, Okubo P, Parcheta C, Patrick MR, Shiro B, Swanson DA, Tollett W, Trusdell F, Younger EF, Zoeller MH, Montgomery-Brown EK, Anderson KR, Poland MP, Ball JL, Bard J, Coombs M, Dietterich HR, Kern C, Thelen WA, Cervelli PF, Orr T, Houghton BF, Gansecki C, Hazlett R, Lundgren P, Diefenbach AK, Lerner AH, Waite G, Kelly P, Clor L, Werner C, Mulliken K, Fisher G, Damby D. The 2018 rift eruption and summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano. Science 2018; 363:367-374. [PMID: 30538164 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav7046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In 2018, Kīlauea Volcano experienced its largest lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption and caldera collapse in at least 200 years. After collapse of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō vent on 30 April, magma propagated downrift. Eruptive fissures opened in the LERZ on 3 May, eventually extending ~6.8 kilometers. A 4 May earthquake [moment magnitude (M w) 6.9] produced ~5 meters of fault slip. Lava erupted at rates exceeding 100 cubic meters per second, eventually covering 35.5 square kilometers. The summit magma system partially drained, producing minor explosions and near-daily collapses releasing energy equivalent to M w 4.7 to 5.4 earthquakes. Activity declined rapidly on 4 August. Summit collapse and lava flow volume estimates are roughly equivalent-about 0.8 cubic kilometers. Careful historical observation and monitoring of Kīlauea enabled successful forecasting of hazardous events.
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Fisher G, Steger MF, Sonnega A, Ryan LH. MEANINGFUL WORK AS AN ANTECEDENT OF RETIREMENT. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Graham K, Fisher G, Davalos D. VOLUNTEERISM IN OLDER ADULTHOOD: UNDERSTANDING THE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH WELL-BEING. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fisher G, Thomson CM, Stroek R, Czekster CM, Hirschi JS, da Silva RG. Allosteric Activation Shifts the Rate-Limiting Step in a Short-Form ATP Phosphoribosyltransferase. Biochemistry 2018; 57:4357-4367. [PMID: 29940105 PMCID: PMC6128619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Short-form ATP phosphoribosyltransferase (ATPPRT) is a hetero-octameric allosteric enzyme comprising four catalytic subunits (HisGS) and four regulatory subunits (HisZ). ATPPRT catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent condensation of ATP and 5-phospho-α-d-ribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to generate N1-(5-phospho-β-d-ribosyl)-ATP (PRATP) and pyrophosphate, the first reaction of histidine biosynthesis. While HisGS is catalytically active on its own, its activity is allosterically enhanced by HisZ in the absence of histidine. In the presence of histidine, HisZ mediates allosteric inhibition of ATPPRT. Here, initial velocity patterns, isothermal titration calorimetry, and differential scanning fluorimetry establish a distinct kinetic mechanism for ATPPRT where PRPP is the first substrate to bind. AMP is an inhibitor of HisGS, but steady-state kinetics and 31P NMR spectroscopy demonstrate that ADP is an alternative substrate. Replacement of Mg2+ by Mn2+ enhances catalysis by HisGS but not by the holoenzyme, suggesting different rate-limiting steps for nonactivated and activated enzyme forms. Density functional theory calculations posit an SN2-like transition state stabilized by two equivalents of the metal ion. Natural bond orbital charge analysis points to Mn2+ increasing HisGS reaction rate via more efficient charge stabilization at the transition state. High solvent viscosity increases HisGS's catalytic rate, but decreases the hetero-octamer's, indicating that chemistry and product release are rate-limiting for HisGS and ATPPRT, respectively. This is confirmed by pre-steady-state kinetics, with a burst in product formation observed with the hetero-octamer but not with HisGS. These results are consistent with an activation mechanism whereby HisZ binding leads to a more active conformation of HisGS, accelerating chemistry beyond the product release rate.
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Fisher G, Guerra W, Day C, Montagut C. Optimizing the use of EGFR antibodies across the continuum of care in mCRC: Effect of online education on clinician knowledge, competence and confidence. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy151.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Fisher G, Guerra W, Day C, Ducreux M. Treatment based on tumor sidedness in mCRC: Effect of online education on clinician knowledge, competence and confidence. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy151.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bekaii-Saab T, Marcello K, Fisher G, Kopetz S, Strickler J, Venook A, Obholz K. Variability of current global practice patterns in the management of metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy151.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Alphey MS, Fisher G, Ge Y, Gould ER, Machado TFG, Liu H, Florence GJ, Naismith JH, da Silva RG. Catalytic and Anticatalytic Snapshots of a Short-Form ATP Phosphoribosyltransferase. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fisher G, Middleton D, Day C, Harbeck N. Application of CDK4/6 inhibitors in advanced breast cancer: Effect of online education on clinician knowledge, competence and confidence. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(18)30531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Fisher G, Middleton D, Day C, Andre F. Predictive biomarkers for CDK4/6 inhibitors: Effect of online education on clinician knowledge. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(18)30534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fisher G, Middleton D, Day C, Di Leo A. Management of HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer with CDK4/6 inhibitors: Effect of online education on clinician knowledge, competence and confidence. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(18)30533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sanders K, Lin CL, Smith AJ, Cronin N, Fisher G, Eftychidis V, McGlynn P, Savery NJ, Wigley DB, Dillingham MS. The structure and function of an RNA polymerase interaction domain in the PcrA/UvrD helicase. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:3875-3887. [PMID: 28160601 PMCID: PMC5397179 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The PcrA/UvrD helicase functions in multiple pathways that promote bacterial genome stability including the suppression of conflicts between replication and transcription and facilitating the repair of transcribed DNA. The reported ability of PcrA/UvrD to bind and backtrack RNA polymerase (1,2) might be relevant to these functions, but the structural basis for this activity is poorly understood. In this work, we define a minimal RNA polymerase interaction domain in PcrA, and report its crystal structure at 1.5 Å resolution. The domain adopts a Tudor-like fold that is similar to other RNA polymerase interaction domains, including that of the prototype transcription-repair coupling factor Mfd. Removal or mutation of the interaction domain reduces the ability of PcrA/UvrD to interact with and to remodel RNA polymerase complexes in vitro. The implications of this work for our understanding of the role of PcrA/UvrD at the interface of DNA replication, transcription and repair are discussed.
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