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Martin NA, Reynolds LJ, Sala-Comorera L, Nolan TM, Stephens JH, Gitto A, Gao G, Corkery A, O'Sullivan JJ, O'Hare GMP, Meijer WG. Quantitative source apportionment of faecal indicator bacteria from anthropogenic and zoogenic sources of faecal contamination. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116591. [PMID: 38908189 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Recreational bathing waters are complex systems with diverse inputs from multiple anthropogenic and zoogenic sources of faecal contamination. Faecal contamination is a substantial threat to water quality and public health. Here we present a comprehensive strategy to estimate the contribution of faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) from different biological sources on two at-risk beaches in Dublin, Ireland. The daily FIB loading rate was determined for three sources of contamination: a sewage-impacted urban stream, dog and wild bird fouling. This comparative analysis determined that the stream contributed the highest daily levels of FIB, followed by dog fouling. Dog fouling may be a significant source of FIB, contributing approximately 20 % of E. coli under certain conditions, whereas wild bird fouling contributed a negligible proportion of FIB (<3 %). This study demonstrates that source-specific quantitative microbial source apportionment (QMSA) strategies are vital to identify primary public health risks and target interventions to mitigate faecal contamination.
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Rajeev-Kumar G, Manjunath R, Gao G, Hasan Y. Interdigitation of Radiation Earlier in the Multimodal Treatment of Patients with Lymphoma: The Effect on Opiate Analgesic Requirements. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e482. [PMID: 37785528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Delay in radiation therapy (RT) as part of multimodality therapy in Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is associated with worse pain scores. In a heterogeneous cohort of lymphoma patients, we hypothesize that interdigitating RT before fewer (versus more) lines of chemotherapy (C) will be associated with lower opiate analgesic requirement. MATERIALS/METHODS From 2009-2019, patients with HL or NHL received palliative (36.5%) or definitive (63.3%) RT at a single institution. An IRB approved database with baseline treatment/disease characteristics, including oral morphine equivalent (OME) requirement, was reviewed. OME was recorded for a) 3-month period prior to RT, b) the month during RT, and c) 3 months after RT. Post-RT change in OME was calculated as the difference in "b" and "c" such that greater or less OME use post-RT was defined as positive or negative value respectively. We performed one-tailed t-test analyses to determine differences in OME during RT between different cohorts. Correlations between baseline characteristics and OME were performed using Spearman correlations, controlling for lymphoma subtype, stage, tumor volume, relapsed/refractory disease, duration of radiation and bulky disease. RESULTS Of 180 patients, 57.8% had NHL, 40.6% were stage IV and 29.4% had bulky disease. At median of 19 days [6-80] from diagnosis, 74% of patients received C with a median of 2 lines [1-4] before RT. The median interval from diagnosis to RT was 11 months [4-36]. Pearson correlation showed a negative association between time from diagnosis to RT and postRT OME in the definitive cohort (R2 = 0.42, F = 4.54, p = 0.002) such that the longer the time to RT, the larger the decrease in OME postRT as compared to during RT. T-test showed higher mean OME during RT for those receiving > 2 lines of C preRT (148.3mg) as compared to those receiving ≤ 2 lines before RT (51.5mg, p = 0.02). In patients receiving definitive RT, the difference remained significant: those receiving >2 lines of C had higher OME during RT as compared to those receiving ≤ 2 lines (207.5mg versus 48.3mg, p = 0.02). The difference in mean OME for patients receiving >2 C lines versus ≤ 2 lines was not significantly different in the palliative cohort (75.6 vs 60.6, p = 0.33). OME use during RT was also found to be higher in patients with bulky disease as compared to non-bulky disease (175.7 versus 52.0, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION In our single-center experience, patients who received >2 lines of C prior to RT were found to have a significantly higher mean OME requirement during RT. In patients receiving definitive RT, longer time to receipt of RT was found to be associated with a larger decrease in OME post-RT, likely related to starting with a higher OME. Interdigitation of RT early on, prior to the 3rd line of chemotherapy, may help reduce pain and improve quality of life.
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Martin NA, Sala-Comorera L, Gao G, Corkery A, Reynolds LJ, Nolan TM, Whitty M, O'Sullivan JJ, Meijer WG. Inclusion of hydrodynamic properties of bathing waters is critical in selecting faecal indicators to assess public health impacts of faecal contamination. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120137. [PMID: 37300999 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The EU Bathing Water Directive (BWD) requires member states to assess bathing water quality according to the levels of faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in designated bathing areas. However, this criterion has two significant limitations given that the BWD does not; (i) account for differences in hydrodynamic properties of bathing waters and, (ii) assumes that all faecal pathogens decay equally in aquatic environments. This study simulated sewage discharge events in three hypothetical aquatic environments characterised by different advection and dispersion parameters in the solute transport equation. Temporal changes in the downstream concentration of six faecal indicators were determined in simulations that utilised measured decay rates of each faecal indicator from a programme of controlled microcosm experiments in fresh and seawater environments. The results showed that the decay rates of faecal indicators are not a critical parameter in advection dominant water bodies, such as in fast-flowing rivers. Therefore, faecal indicator selection is less important in such systems and for these, FIB remains the most cost-effective faecal indicator to monitor the public health impacts of faecal contamination. In contrast, consideration of faecal indicator decay is important when assessing dispersion and advection/dispersion dominant systems, which would pertain to transitional (estuarine) and coastal waterbodies. Results suggest that the inclusion of viral indicators, such as crAssphage and PMMoV, could improve the reliability of water quality modelling and minimise the risk of waterborne illnesses from faecal contamination.
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Lei YN, Li XY, Gao G, Wang WY, Liang ZY, Wang YS. Could immune-related hepatitis rapidly progress to immune-related cirrhosis? EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023; 27:1436-1442. [PMID: 36876683 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202302_31383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-related hepatitis is one of the prevalent adverse events associated with immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). For patients without a history of liver disease, autoimmune disease, or alcohol consumption, it is not clear whether immune-related hepatitis could rapid progress to immune-related cirrhosis. CASE REPORT We report the case of a 54-year-old female with stage IIIB primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PLELC) diagnosed with immune-related hepatitis. After 15 months, a liver biopsy demonstrated the rapid progression of liver cirrhosis although systematic corticosteroid administration. CONCLUSIONS Long-term immune activation caused by ICIs may exacerbate the process of cirrhosis. Great attention should be paid to the rapid progression to liver cirrhosis of immune-related hepatitis in the clinic.
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Lu Q, Zhou X, Liu R, Shi G, Zheng N, Gao G, Wang Y. Impacts of a bacterial algicide on metabolic pathways in Chlorella vulgaris. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114451. [PMID: 38321670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Chlorella is a dominant species during harmful algal blooms (HABs) worldwide, which bring about great environmental problems and are also a serious threat to drinking water safety. Application of bacterial algicides is a promising way to control HABs. However, the identified bacterial algicides against Chlorella and the understanding of their effects on algal metabolism are very limited. Here, we isolated a novel bacterium Microbacterium paraoxydans strain M1 that has significant algicidal activities against Chlorella vulgaris (algicidal rate 64.38 %, at 120 h). Atrazine-desethyl (AD) was then identified from strain M1 as an effective bacterial algicide, with inhibition or algae-lysing concentration values (EC50) of 1.64 μg/mL and 1.38 μg/mL, at 72 h and 120 h, respectively. LAD (2 μg/mL AD) or HAD (20 μg/mL AD) causes morphology alteration and ultrastructure damage, chlorophyll a reduction, gene expression regulation (for example, psbA, 0.05 fold at 24 h, 2.97 fold at 72 h, and 0.23 fold of the control in HAD), oxidative stress, lipid oxidation (MDA, 2.09 and 3.08 fold of the control in LAD and HAD, respectively, at 120 h) and DNA damage (average percentage of tail DNA 6.23 % at 120 h in HAD, slight damage: 5∼20 %) in the algal cells. The impacts of AD on algal metabolites and metabolic pathways, as well as the algal response to the adverse effects were investigated. The results revealed that amino acids, amines, glycosides and urea decreased significantly compared to the control after 24 h exposure to AD (p < 0.05). The main up-regulated metabolic pathways implied metabonomic resistance and defense against osmotic pressure, oxidative stress, photosynthesis inhibition or partial cellular structure damage, such as phenylalanine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis. The down-regulated glycine, serine and threonine metabolism is a major lead in the algicidal mechanism according to the value of pathway impact. The down-regulated glycine, and serine are responsible for the downregulation of glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and sulfur metabolism, which strengthen the algae-lysing effect. It is the first time to highlight the pivotal role of glycine, serine and threonine metabolism in algicidal activities, which provided a new perspective for understanding the mechanism of bacterial algicides exerting on algal cells at the metabolic level.
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Martinez-Navio J, Fuchs S, Mendes D, Muniz CR, Rakasz E, Gao G, Lifson J, Desrosiers R. OP 6.6 – 00134 Viral Suppression in SHIV-infected Rhesus Macaques following AAVmediated Delivery of Closer-to-germline Monoclonal Antibodies. J Virus Erad 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2022.100251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Agarwal R, Bjarnadottir M, Rhue L, Dugas M, Crowley K, Clark J, Gao G. Addressing Algorithmic Bias and the Perpetuation of Health Inequities: An AI Bias Aware Framework. HEALTH POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2022.100702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Gao G, Chen P, Zhou C, Zhao X, Zhang K, Wu R, Zhang C, Wang Y, Xie Y, Wang Q. Genome-wide association study for reproduction-related traits in Chinese domestic goose. Br Poult Sci 2022; 63:754-760. [PMID: 35775663 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2096402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
1. This study measured six reproduction traits in a Sichuan white goose population (209 individuals), including fertility, qualified egg rate, plasma concentrations of progesterone (P), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL) and oestrogen (E2).2. Whole-genome resequencing data from the same goose population (209 individuals) were used in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) utilising a mixed linear model to investigate the genes and genetic markers associated with reproduction traits. The frequency of the selected SNPs and haplotypes were determined using the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method.3. In total, 42 SNPs significantly associated with these traits were identified. A haplotype block was constructed based on five SNPs that were significantly associated with qualified egg rate, with individuals having the haplotype CCTTAAGGAA having the lowest qualified egg rate.4. In conclusion, these results provided potential markers for marker-assisted selection to improve goose reproductive performance and a basis for elucidating the genetics of goose reproduction.
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Wang J, Cheng Y, Wu Y, Cao F, Liu Q, Gao G. 1262TiP Efficacy and safety of consolidative camrelizumab following definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Zhou J, Bao M, Gao G, Cai Y, Wu L, Lei L, Zhao J, Ji X, Huang Y, Su C. EP08.01-107 The Increase of Blood Intratumor Heterogeneity Is Associated with Unfavorable Outcomes of ICIs Plus Chemotherapy in NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Gao G, Jiang T, Zhou F, Wu F, Li W, Xiong A, Chen X, Ren S, Su C, Hu T, Li Q, Zhu C, Zhou C. EP16.01-005 Cilia-related mRNA Profile Predicts Clinical Response to PD-1 Blockade in Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gao G, Cheng L, Zhao C, Li X, Yao C, Li F, You D, Zhou C. EP08.01-035 Personalized ctDNA Detection to Monitor Outcome and Predict Immunotherapy Benefit in Locally Advanced and Metastatic NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Cho B, Lee SH, Han JY, Cho E, Lee JS, Lee K, Curtin J, Gao G, Xie J, Schnepp R, Bauml J, Knoblauch R, Thayu M, Kim DW. P1.16-01 Amivantamab and Lazertinib in Treatment-Naive EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Zhou C, Gao G, Wu L, Wang Z, Chen G, Huang D, Yang Z, Zhou C, Liu L, Li H. 150P Subgroup analysis of ORIENT12: Efficacy of sintilimab in combination with gemcitabine and platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.10.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Wang L, Jin YP, Gao G, Wu DY, Zhou XJ, Liu YY, Xia QX. [Clinicopathological features and molecular genetics of Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 50:655-657. [PMID: 34078056 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20201228-00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Han R, Jia Y, Li X, Zhao C, Zhao S, Liu S, Liu Y, Qiao M, Li J, Gao G, Su C, Ren S, Zhou C. P76.07 Metformin Enhances the Efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lu Q, Song Y, Mao G, Lin B, Wang Y, Gao G. Spatial variation in bacterial biomass, community composition and driving factors across a eutrophic river. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111113. [PMID: 32836153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication is a global problem, and bacterial diversity and community composition are usually affected by eutrophication. However, limited information on the ecological significance of bacterial community during algae blooms of rivers has been given, more studies should be focused on the bacterial diversity and distribution characteristics in eutrophic rivers. In this study, we explored the spatial variations of bacterial biomass, community structure, and their relationship with environmental factors in the eutrophic Xiangxi River. The content of Chlorophyll (Chl) was about 16 mg/L in the midstream (S2, S3), which was in the range of light eutrophication. Significant spatial variation of bacterial community structure was found at different sites and depths (p < 0.05), and the driving environmental factor was found to be nitrogen, mainly detected as total nitrogen (TN), Kjeldahl nitrogen (KN), and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+) (p < 0.05). The midstream sites had some significantly different bacteria, including algicidal bacteria and dominant lineages during algal blooms. This result was consistent with the functional prediction, where significant higher abundance of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways was associated with algicidal substances in the midstream. At different water depths, some populations adapted to the surface layer, such as the class Flavobacteriia, and others preferred to inhabit in the bottom layer, such as Betaproteobacteria and Acidobacteria. The bacterial biomass was higher in the bottom layer than that in the surface and middle layer, and temperature and pH were found to be the major driving factors. The bacterial diversity increased with the increasing of depths in most sampling sites according to operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Chao1 and ACE indexes, and PO43- was demonstrated to be the most significant factor. In summary, this study offered the evidence for microbial distribution characteristics across different sites and depths in summer, and its relationship with environmental variables in a eutrophic river.
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Sinito C, Corfdir P, Pfüller C, Gao G, Bartolomé J, Kölling S, Doblado AR, Jahn U, Lähnemann J, Auzelle T, Zettler JK, Flissikowski T, Koenraad P, Grahn HT, Geelhaar L, Fernández-Garrido S, Brandt O. Correction to Absence of Quantum-Confined Stark Effect in GaN Quantum Disks Embedded in (Al,Ga)N Nanowires Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6930. [PMID: 32794760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Gao G, Wang Y, Ren S, Zhao J, Chen G, Chen J, Gu K, Guo R, Pan Y, Wang Q, Zhou C. 1267P Efficacy of camrelizumab (SHR-1210) plus apatinib as second-line treatment for advanced squamous NSCLC. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Wu Q, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Su Q, Gao G, Xu H, Zhou X, Liu B. Whole-genome sequencing reveals breed-differential CNVs between Tongcheng and Large White pigs. Anim Genet 2020; 51:940-944. [PMID: 32808316 DOI: 10.1111/age.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Large phenotypic differences have been observed between Tongcheng and Large White pigs. However, little is known about their genetic basis. This study performed a genome-wide comparison of CNVs between Tongcheng and Large White pigs using genome sequencing data. By combining the advantages of three different strategies (read depth, paired-end mapping and split read), we detected in total 18 687 CNVs that covered approximately 3.5% of the pig genome length for Tongcheng and Large White pigs. We identified 1864 breed-stratified CNVs (top 10%) by performing VST statistics. Functional enrichment analyses for genes located in breed-stratified CNVs were found to be involved in pigmentation, behavior, immune system and reproductive processes, which coincide with phenotypic differences between the two breeds. Using a systematic analysis of the genome and transcriptome data, we further identified four novel breed-differential CNVs on the functional genes (disease-resistant, DCUN1D2 and SPARCL1; lipid metabolism, PLEKHA2 and SLCO1A2). Subsequent PCR validation confirmed their accurate breakpoint positions in 33 Tongcheng pigs and 33 Large White pigs. This study provides essential information on differential CNVs for further research on the genetic basis of phenotypic differences between Tongcheng and Large White pigs.
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Zhang T, Gao G, Chang F. miR-152 promotes spinal cord injury recovery via c-jun amino terminal kinase pathway. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:44-51. [PMID: 30657545 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201901_16746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research is to explore the possible role of miR-152 in spinal cord injury and its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS After a mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI) was developed, Real Time-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-152 and c-jun in the mouse. In addition, the expression levels of interleukin-1b (IL-1b), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Subsequently, miR-152 was overexpressed and the levels of inflammation and c-jun after spinal cord injury were detected by Western blot. Furthermore, the grip strength of double forelimb, left forelimb or right forelimb of the mice was detected using a grip force test after miR-152 was overexpressed in the injured area of each group. RESULTS By constructing a mouse model of spinal cord injury, we found that the expression of miR-152 in the injured area decreased with time; meanwhile, the inflammatory relative genes including IL-1b, IL18, TNF-α, and c-jun were significantly increased. However, miR-152 overexpression significantly reduced the levels of inflammation genes as well as the expression of c-jun. Besides, the strength of the forelimbs in the spinal cord injury mice was restored. CONCLUSIONS MiR-152 could inhibit inflammatory responses and promote the recovery of the spinal cord injury through the c-jun N-terminal kinase pathway and it can be a target molecular for treating spinal cord injury.
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Gao G, Wang YZ, Zhang YP, Feng SE, Hou M, Xia QX. [Clinicopathological and molecular features of pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 49:544-549. [PMID: 32486530 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20191018-00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC). Methods: The clinical and pathological data of 19 cases of PEAC in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively collected from 2015 to 2019. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the relevant immunophenotypes, amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to detect the expression of EGFR, KRAS and ALK genes. The patients were followed up, and the relevant literature was reviewed and analyzed. Results: There were 19 cases, including 10 males and 9 females, with a mean age of 58 years (range 33-71 years). Microscopically, the tumors showed moderately to highly differentiated adenoid and/or papillary growth patterns. The tumor cells were highly columnar and sometimes showed pseudostratification. Inflammatory necrosis and scattered nuclear fragmentation were seen in some glandular lumens. IHC showed variable expression of CK7 (19/19), TTF1 (8/19), Napsin A (6/19), villin (17/19), CK20 (16/19) and CDX2 (10/19). Molecular testing showed KRAS mutation in nine cases (9/19), EGFR mutation in one case (1/19), and positive ALK split signal in one case (1/19). In the literature, the reported mutation rate of KRAS in PEAC was much higher than that of EGFR and ALK. All 19 cases underwent surgical resection and 11 cases were subjected to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Conclusions: PEAC is a rare variant of invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma, and has similar histological and cytological features to that of colorectal adenocarcinoma. However, detailed medical history, histologic heterogeneity, an IHC combination of CK7(+)/villin(+) and high KRAS mutation rate are the key points of diagnosis. The prognosis needs long-term follow-up and big data statistics.
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Gao G, Zhang K, Zhao X, Wu R, Zhong H, Li J, Li C, Xie Y, Wang Q. Molecular cloning of the goose GnRH gene and identification of GnRH polymorphisms associated with laying traits. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:502-507. [PMID: 32306753 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1758298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. Egg-laying traits are important economic characteristics in goose production (Anser cygnoides). The gene GnRH, which encodes gonadotropin-releasing hormone, is a strong candidate gene for egg-laying traits in avian species. 2. In this study, a 3520 bp genomic sequence and a 279 bp mRNA sequence for GnRH, which encoded 92 amino acids, were determined. The GnRH DNA sequence contains four exons and three introns, and the DNA and deduced amino acid sequences were highly conserved across mammals (human, macaque, cow, and sheep) and avians (chicken, fulmar and quail). 3. Using a direct sequencing method, 46 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the GnRH genomic sequence that were shared between two Sichuan White goose populations (217 and 208 individuals). Furthermore, 44 haplotypes were constructed using a sliding window approach. Association analysis between the SNPs and haplotypes and egg-laying traits showed that 10 SNPs affected the first egg weight, average egg weight, egg number at 48 weeks and egg number at 64 weeks. 4. These results lay the foundation for further studies of the function of GnRH in geese and provide a theoretical basis for marker-assisted selection of egg-laying traits in the Sichuan white goose population.
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Wang Y, Jiang T, Qin Z, Jiang J, Wang Q, Yang S, Rivard C, Gao G, Ng TL, Tu MM, Yu H, Ji H, Zhou C, Ren S, Zhang J, Bunn P, Doebele RC, Camidge DR, Hirsch FR. HER2 exon 20 insertions in non-small-cell lung cancer are sensitive to the irreversible pan-HER receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor pyrotinib. Ann Oncol 2020; 30:447-455. [PMID: 30596880 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective targeted therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mutations remains an unmet need. This study investigated the antitumor effect of an irreversible pan-HER receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, pyrotinib. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using patient-derived organoids and xenografts established from an HER2-A775_G776YVMA-inserted advanced lung adenocarcinoma patient sample, we investigated the antitumor activity of pyrotinib. Preliminary safety and efficacy of pyrotinib in 15 HER2-mutant NSCLC patients in a phase II clinical trial are also presented. RESULTS Pyrotinib showed significant growth inhibition of organoids relative to afatinib in vitro (P = 0.0038). In the PDX model, pyrotinib showed a superior antitumor effect than afatinib (P = 0.0471) and T-DM1 (P = 0.0138). Mice treated with pyrotinib displayed significant tumor burden reduction (mean tumor volume, -52.2%). In contrast, afatinib (25.4%) and T-DM1 (10.9%) showed no obvious reduction. Moreover, pyrotinib showed a robust ability to inhibit pHER2, pERK and pAkt. In the phase II cohort of 15 patients with HER2-mutant NSCLC, pyrotinib 400 mg resulted in a objective response rate of 53.3% and a median progression-free survival of 6.4 months. CONCLUSION Pyrotinib showed activity against NSCLC with HER2 exon 20 mutations in both patient-derived organoids and a PDX model. In the clinical trial, pyrotinib showed promising efficacy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02535507.
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Liu J, Ding Y, Ji Y, Gao G, Wang Y. Effect of Maize Straw Biochar on Bacterial Communities in Agricultural Soil. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:333-338. [PMID: 32006054 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has become a popular soil amendment. However, its effect on soil microbial community is still unclear. In the present study, maize straw biochar was pyrolysed at 300°C, 450°C and 600°C, respectively, and then was added to agricultural soil at the ratio of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. Bacterial dynamics was analyzed in the pot experiments using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The results indicated that the pyrolysis temperature has great impact on the elemental composition, pH and porous structures of biochar. Moreover, pyrolysis temperature was primary factor to drive the variation of bacterial community structure in biochar amended soil. In addition, the results suggested that biochar amendments on agricultural soil would decrease the bacterial diversity, and selectively promote growth of functional bacteria to become the dominant community, which could increase the bacterial community organization and improve the stability of bacteria to counteract effects of perturbation.
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