[Comparative analysis of the effects of bronchial intubation and bronchial blocker on the outcomes of thoracoscopic surgery in infants and small children]

Objective: To compare the effects of bronchial intubation and blocker on the outcomes of thoracoscopic surgery in infants and small children. Methods: A total of 387 children, including 210 males and 177 females, aged (17.5±8.3) months, who underwent elective thoracoscopic surgery under general anesthesia in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2019 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The children were divided into bronchial intubation group and bronchial blocker group according to the intraoperative single-lung ventilation mode. After matching the age factor using the propensity score matching with nearest neighbor matching method, 258 cases were finally included in the bronchial intubation group, and 129 cases were included in the bronchial blocker group. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in two groups. The secondary outcomes included the incidence of intraoperative hypoxemia, postoperative oxygenation index, postoperative extubation time, the length of postoperative hospitalization and the total medical expenses during hospitalization between the two groups. Results: The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in the bronchial intubation group and bronchial blocker group was 15.5% (40/258) and 12.4% (16/129), the incidence of intraoperative hypoxemia was 20.2% (52/258) and 16.3% (21/129), the postoperative oxygen indexes were 306 (269, 323) and 311 (274, 336) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), the extubation time was (9.2±4.5) and (8.9±4.2) min, the length of postoperative hospitalization was (5.5±0.6) and (5.5±0.5) days and the total medical expenses were (34±6) and (35±6) thousand yuan, with no statistically significant differences between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion: Both bronchial intubation and blocker can be used for one lung ventilation in thoracoscopic surgery for infants and small children, without affecting the postoperative outcomes.

[A cohort study of association between triglyceride glucose index-waist to height ratio and cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly population in China]

Objective: To explore the association between triglyceride glucose index (TyG)- waist to height ratio (WHtR)(TyG-WHtR) and cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly population. Methods: A cohort database was constructed using the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, with 8 946 participants in 2011 and 2015 as the baseline population. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between TyG-WHtR levels at baseline and the risk of cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly population. The analysis was stratified by age and gender, respectively. Results: A total of 8 946 participants were included, with an average follow-up of 7.08 person-years and incidence density of cognitive impairment for 21.15 per 1 000 person-years. Compared with the Q1 level of TyG-WHtR, its Q3 and Q4 level increased the risk of cognitive impairment by 32% (HR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.09-1.60) and 47% (HR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.14-1.91), respectively. Trend test showed that the risk of cognitive impairment increased with the increase of TyG-WHtR level, and there was a dose-response relationship (P=0.001). Stratified analysis showed that in the population aged 45-59 years, compared with the Q1 level of TyG-WHtR, its Q3 level increased the risk of cognitive impairment by 34% (HR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.02-1.78). In the population aged 60 years and above, compared with the Q1 level, its Q3 and Q4 level increased the risk of cognitive impairment by 31% (HR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.01-1.72) and 63% (HR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.15-2.31), respectively. In the male group, there was no significant association between TyG-WHtR level and the risk of cognitive impairment (P>0.05). In the female group, compared with the Q1 level of TyG-WHtR, its Q4 level increased the risk of cognitive impairment by 76% (HR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.26-2.46). Conclusions: Middle-aged and elderly population with a higher TyG-WHtR level may increase the risk of cognitive impairment, and there were age and sex differences. Early cardiovascular health management and scientific and reasonable weight management are of great significance to preventing cognitive impairment.

[Optimal melanin removal methods for HE staining, immunohistochemistry and molecular detection]

Objective: To seek the optimal melanin-removal method for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry and molecular detection. Methods: Thirty-eight paraffin tissue samples of malignant melanoma diagnosed at the Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China between January 2018 and March 2022 were collected and used to make a tissue microarray. Melanin in these cases was removed using warm hydrogen peroxide, double oxidation depigmentation, modified potassium permanganate-oxalic acid or trichloroisocyanuric acid, followed by HE staining. The cases were divided into two cohorts: one was subject to the one of the above four methods to remove melanin first, followed by immunohistochemistry (SOX-10, Ki-67, HMB45 and Melan A), while the other was subject to immunohistochemical staining first and then a melanin removal. Following that, seventeen melanin-rich paraffin tissue samples were collected and depigmented using the methods described above. DNA extraction was then done, followed by assessments of DNA content and quality. Moreover, the completeness of melanin removal, the effect on HE and immunohistochemical staining, and the quality of DNA were compared between the depigmented methods. Results: Regarding the effectiveness of melanin removal, the modified potassium permanganate-oxalic acid and the warm hydrogen peroxide methods were the most effective, and both showed residual melanin in only 5.26% (2/38) of the cases. The trichloroisocyanuric acid method showed residual melanin in 10.53% (4/38) of the cases. The worst was the double oxidation depigmentation method, which showed pigment residue in 15.79% (6/38) of the cases. For HE staining, the percentage of good staining with the warm hydrogen peroxide method was 92.11%, higher than the other three methods. For immunohistochemical staining, the mean staining scores of immunohistochemistry first followed by melanin removal with modified potassium permanganate-oxalic acid, double oxidation and trichloroisocyanuric acid were 20.84, 26.63 and 35.02, respectively. These immunohistochemical staining scores were higher than those of melanin removal first followed by immunohistochemistry (8.70, 15.41 and 21.22, respectively). The mean staining score of melanin removal by warm hydrogen peroxide method followed by immunohistochemistry was 33.57, superior to that of immunohistochemistry followed by the melanin removal (19.96). Moreover, the staining scores of HMB45, MelanA and Ki-67 with immunohistochemical staining followed by trichloroisocyanuric acid method were 36.45, 33.79, and 36.24, respectively, while the staining score of SOX10 with melanin removal by warm hydrogen peroxide followed by immunohistochemistry was 34.39. The DNA was significantly degraded by modified potassium permanganate-oxalic acid, double oxidation depigmentation and trichloroisocyanuric acid, whereas the mean concentration of DNA extracted after melanin removal by hydrogen peroxide method was 59.59 μg/L, substantially higher than that of DNA extracted without melanin removal (30.3 μg/L, P=0.001). The A260/A280 of DNA extracted after melanin removal by hydrogen peroxide was between 1.8 and 2.0 in all cases, and the A260/A230 was above 2.0 in sixteen cases, suggesting high purity of DNA. However, the DNA extracted without removing the melanin showed poor purity, with A260/A280 below 1.8 in eight cases and A260/A230 below 2.0 in sixteen cases. Conclusions: Warm hydrogen peroxide showed the least melanin residue, superior HE staining and a minimal effect on DNA purity/quality compared to the other three methods. It thus appears most suitable for PCR, NGS and other molecular detection. Melanin removal with trichloroisocyanuric acid after immunohistochemical staining has the least melanin residual, and thus could be the most convenient and efficient. However, it is noted that the efficacy of the same depigmentation method varies with different antibodies. Therefore, the optimal depigmentation method should be selected based on the specific markers of interest.

First Study of Antihyperon-Nucleon Scattering Λ[over ¯]p→Λ[over ¯]p and Measurement of Λp→Λp Cross Section

Using (10.087±0.044)×10^{9} J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, the processes Λp→Λp and Λ[over ¯]p→Λ[over ¯]p are studied, where the Λ/Λ[over ¯] baryons are produced in the process J/ψ→ΛΛ[over ¯] and the protons are the hydrogen nuclei in the cooling oil of the beam pipe. Clear signals are observed for the two reactions. The cross sections in -0.9≤cosθ_{Λ/Λ[over ¯]}≤0.9 are measured to be σ(Λp→Λp)=(12.2±1.6_{stat}±1.1_{syst}) and σ(Λ[over ¯]p→Λ[over ¯]p)=(17.5±2.1_{stat}±1.6_{syst})  mb at the Λ/Λ[over ¯] momentum of 1.074  GeV/c within a range of ±0.017  GeV/c, where the θ_{Λ/Λ[over ¯]} are the scattering angles of the Λ/Λ[over ¯] in the Λp/Λ[over ¯]p rest frames. Furthermore, the differential cross sections of the two reactions are also measured, where there is a slight tendency of forward scattering for Λp→Λp, and a strong forward peak for Λ[over ¯]p→Λ[over ¯]p. We present an approach to extract the total elastic cross sections by extrapolation. The study of Λ[over ¯]p→Λ[over ¯]p represents the first study of antihyperon-nucleon scattering, and these new measurements will serve as important inputs for the theoretical understanding of the (anti)hyperon-nucleon interaction.

First Observation of a Three-Resonance Structure in e^{+}e^{-}→Nonopen Charm Hadrons

We report the measurement of the inclusive cross sections for e^{+}e^{-}→nOCH (where nOCH denotes non-open charm hadrons) with improved precision at center-of-mass (c.m.) energies from 3.645 to 3.871 GeV. We observe three resonances: R(3760), R(3780), and R(3810) with significances of 8.1σ, 13.7σ, and 8.8σ, respectively. The R(3810) state is observed for the first time, while the R(3760) and R(3780) states are observed for the first time in the nOCH cross sections. Two sets of resonance parameters describe the energy-dependent line shape of the cross sections well. In set I [set II], the R(3810) state has mass (3805.7±1.1±2.7) [(3805.7±1.1±2.7)]  MeV/c^{2}, total width (11.6±2.9±1.9) [(11.5±2.8±1.9)]  MeV, and an electronic width multiplied by the nOCH decay branching fraction of (10.9±3.8±2.5) [(11.0±3.4±2.5)]  eV. In addition, we measure the branching fractions B[R(3760)→nOCH]=(25.2±16.1±30.4)%[(6.4±4.8±7.7)%] and B[R(3780)→nOCH]=(12.3±6.6±8.3)%[(10.4±4.8±7.0)%] for the first time. The R(3760) state can be interpreted as an open-charm (OC) molecular state, but containing a simple four-quark state component. The R(3810) state can be interpreted as a hadrocharmonium state.

Determination of Spin-Parity Quantum Numbers of X(2370) as 0^{-+} from J/ψ→γK_{S}^{0}K_{S}^{0}η^{'}

Based on (10087±44)×10^{6}  J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, a partial wave analysis of the decay J/ψ→γK_{S}^{0}K_{S}^{0}η^{'} is performed. The mass and width of the X(2370) are measured to be 2395±11(stat)_{-94}^{+26}(syst)  MeV/c^{2} and 188_{-17}^{+18}(stat)_{-33}^{+124}(syst)  MeV, respectively. The corresponding product branching fraction is B[J/ψ→γX(2370)]×B[X(2370)→f_{0}(980)η^{'}]×B[f_{0}(980)→K_{S}^{0}K_{S}^{0}]=(1.31±0.22(stat)_{-0.84}^{+2.85}(syst))×10^{-5}. The statistical significance of the X(2370) is greater than 11.7σ and the spin parity is determined to be 0^{-+} for the first time. The measured mass and spin parity of the X(2370) are consistent with the predictions of the lightest pseudoscalar glueball.

Observation of Structures in the Processes e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{c1} and ωχ_{c2}

We present measurements of the Born cross sections for the processes e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{c1} and ωχ_{c2} at center-of-mass energies sqrt[s] from 4.308 to 4.951 GeV. The measurements are performed with data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 11.0  fb^{-1} collected with the BESIII detector operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider storage ring. Assuming the e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{c2} signals come from a single resonance, the mass and width are determined to be M=(4413.6±9.0±0.8)  MeV/c^{2} and Γ=(110.5±15.0±2.9)  MeV, respectively, which is consistent with the parameters of the well-established resonance ψ(4415). In addition, we also use one single resonance to describe the e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{c1} line shape and determine the mass and width to be M=(4544.2±18.7±1.7)  MeV/c^{2} and Γ=(116.1±33.5±1.7)  MeV, respectively. The structure of this line shape, observed for the first time, requires further understanding.

Coupled-Channel Analysis of the χ_{c1}(3872) Line Shape with BESIII Data

We perform a study of the χ_{c1}(3872) line shape using the data samples of e^{+}e^{-}→γχ_{c1}(3872), χ_{c1}(3872)→D^{0}D[over ¯]^{0}π^{0}, and π^{+}π^{-}J/ψ collected with the BESIII detector. The effects of the coupled channels and the off-shell D^{*0} are included in the parametrization of the line shape. The line shape mass parameter is obtained to be M_{X}=(3871.63±0.13_{-0.05}^{+0.06})  MeV. Two poles are found on the first and second Riemann sheets corresponding to the D^{*0}D[over ¯]^{0} branch cut. The pole location on the first sheet is much closer to the D^{*0}D[over ¯]^{0} threshold than the other, and is determined to be 7.04±0.15_{-0.08}^{+0.07}  MeV above the D^{0}D[over ¯]^{0}π^{0} threshold with an imaginary part -0.19±0.08_{-0.19}^{+0.14}  MeV.

Observation of the Anomalous Shape of X(1840) in J/ψ→γ3(π^{+}π^{-}) Indicating a Second Resonance Near pp[over ¯] Threshold

Using a sample of (10087±44)×10^{6}  J/ψ events, which is about 45 times larger than that was previously analyzed, a further investigation on the J/ψ→γ3(π^{+}π^{-}) decay is performed. A significant distortion at 1.84  GeV/c^{2} in the line shape of the 3(π^{+}π^{-}) invariant mass spectrum is observed for the first time, which could be resolved by two overlapping resonant structures, X(1840) and X(1880). The new state X(1880) is observed with a statistical significance larger than 10σ. The mass and width of X(1880) are determined to be 1882.1±1.7±0.7  MeV/c^{2} and 30.7±5.5±2.4  MeV, respectively, which indicates the existence of a pp[over ¯] bound state.

Study of the f_{0}(980) and f_{0}(500) Scalar Mesons through the Decay D_{s}^{+}→π^{+}π^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}

Using e^{+}e^{-} collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.33  fb^{-1} recorded by the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV, we present an analysis of the decay D_{s}^{+}→π^{+}π^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}, where the D_{s}^{+} is produced via the process e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{*±}D_{s}^{∓}. We observe the f_{0}(980) in the π^{+}π^{-} system and the branching fraction of the decay D_{s}^{+}→f_{0}(980)e^{+}ν_{e} with f_{0}(980)→π^{+}π^{-} measured to be (1.72±0.13_{stat}±0.10_{syst})×10^{-3}, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The dynamics of the D_{s}^{+}→f_{0}(980)e^{+}ν_{e} decay are studied with the simple pole parametrization of the hadronic form factor and the Flatté formula describing the f_{0}(980) in the differential decay rate, and the product of the form factor f_{+}^{f_{0}}(0) and the c→s Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_{cs}| is determined for the first time to be f_{+}^{f_{0}}(0)|V_{cs}|=0.504±0.017_{stat}±0.035_{syst}. Furthermore, the decay D_{s}^{+}→f_{0}(500)e^{+}ν_{e} is searched for the first time but no signal is found. The upper limit on the branching fraction of D_{s}^{+}→f_{0}(500)e^{+}ν_{e}, f_{0}(500)→π^{+}π^{-} decay is set to be 3.3×10^{-4} at 90% confidence level.

Electroacupuncture alleviates intestinal inflammation via a distinct neuro-immune signal pathway in the treatment of postoperative ileus

BACKGROUND

The induction of intestinal inflammation as a result of abdominal surgery is an essential factor in postoperative ileus (POI) development. Electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 has been demonstrated to relieve intestinal inflammation and restore gastrointestinal dysmotility in POI. This study aims to elucidate the neuroimmune pathway involved in the anti-inflammatory properties of EA in POI.

METHODS

After intestinal manipulation (IM) was performed to induce POI, intestinal inflammation and motility were assessed 24 h post-IM, by evaluating gastrointestinal transit (GIT), cytokines expression, and leukocyte infiltration. Experimental surgery, pharmacological intervention, and genetic knockout mice were used to elucidate the neuroimmune mechanisms of EA.

RESULTS

EA at ST36 significantly improved GIT and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and leukocyte infiltration in the intestinal muscularis following IM in mice. The anti-inflammatory effectiveness of EA treatment was abolished by sub-diaphragmatic vagotomy, whereas splenectomy did not hinder the anti-inflammatory benefits of EA treatment. The hexamethonium chloride (HEX) administration contributes to a notable reduction in the EA capacity to suppress inflammation and enhance motility dysfunction, and EA is ineffective in α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) knockout mice.

CONCLUSIONS

EA at ST36 prevents intestinal inflammation and dysmotility through a neural circuit that requires vagal innervation but is independent of the spleen. Further findings revealed that the process involves enteric neurons mediating the vagal signal and requires the presence of α7nAChR. These findings suggest that utilizing EA at ST36 may represent a possible therapeutic approach for POI and other immune-related gastrointestinal diseases.

Construct validation of machine learning for accurately predicting the risk of postoperative surgical site infection following spine surgery

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) following spine surgery.

METHODS

This prospective cohort study included 986 patients who underwent spine surgery at Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January 2015 to October 2022. Supervised ML algorithms included support vector machine, logistic regression, random forest, XGboost, decision tree, k-nearest neighbour, and naïve Bayes (NB), which were tested and trained to develop a predicting model. The ML model performance was evaluated from the test dataset. We gradually analysed their accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, as well as the positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the curve.

RESULTS

The rate of SSI was 9.33%. Using a backward stepwise approach, we identified that the remarkable risk factors predicting SSI in the multi-variate Cox regression analysis were age, body mass index, smoking, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, drain duration and pre-operative albumin level. Compared with other ML algorithms, the NB model had the highest performance in seven ML models, with an average area under the curve of 0.95, sensitivity of 0.78, specificity of 0.88, and accuracy of 0.87.

CONCLUSIONS

The NB model in the ML algorithm had excellent calibration and accurately predicted the risk of SSI compared with the existing models, and might serve as an important tool for the early detection and treatment of SSI following spinal infection.

Observation of D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}a_{0}(980)^{+} in the Amplitude Analysis of D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}η

We perform for the first time an amplitude analysis of the decay D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}η and report the observation of the decay D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}a_{0}(980)^{+} using 2.93  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector. As the only W-annihilation-free decay among D to a_{0}(980) pseudoscalar, D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}a_{0}(980)^{+} is the ideal decay in extracting the contributions of the W-emission amplitudes involving a_{0}(980) and to study the final-state interactions. The absolute branching fraction of D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}η is measured to be (1.27±0.04_{stat}±0.03_{syst})%. The branching fractions of intermediate processes D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}a_{0}(980)^{+} with a_{0}(980)^{+}→π^{+}η and D^{+}→π^{+}K[over ¯]_{0}^{*}(1430)^{0} with K[over ¯]_{0}^{*}(1430)^{0}→K_{S}^{0}η are measured to be (1.33±0.05_{stat}±0.04_{syst})% and (0.14±0.03_{stat}±0.01_{syst})%, respectively.

Observation of Significant Flavor-SU(3) Breaking in the Kaon Wave Function at 12<Q^{2}<25 GeV^{2} and Discovery of the Charmless Decay ψ(3770)→K_{S}^{0}K_{L}^{0}

We present cross sections for the reaction e^{+}e^{-}→K_{S}^{0}K_{L}^{0} at center-of-mass energies ranging from 3.51 to 4.95 GeV using data samples collected in the BESIII experiment, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 26.5  fb^{-1}. The ratio of neutral-to-charged kaon form factors at large momentum transfers (12 Collapse

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Investigation of the ΔI=1/2 Rule and Test of CP Symmetry through the Measurement of Decay Asymmetry Parameters in Ξ^{-} Decays

Using (10087±44)×10^{6}  J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, numerous Ξ^{-} and Λ decay asymmetry parameters are simultaneously determined from the process J/ψ→Ξ^{-}Ξ[over ¯]^{+}→Λ(pπ^{-})π^{-}Λ[over ¯](n[over ¯]π^{0})π^{+} and its charge-conjugate channel. The precisions of α_{Λ0} for Λ→nπ^{0} and α[over ¯]_{Λ0} for Λ[over ¯]→n[over ¯]π^{0} compared to world averages are improved by factors of 4 and 1.7, respectively. The ratio of decay asymmetry parameters of Λ→nπ^{0} to that of Λ→pπ^{-}, ⟨α_{Λ0}⟩/⟨α_{Λ-}⟩, is determined to be 0.873±0.012_{-0.010}^{+0.011}, where the first and the second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The ratio is smaller than unity more than 5σ, which signifies the existence of the ΔI=3/2 transition in Λ for the first time. Besides, we test for CP symmetry in Ξ^{-}→Λπ^{-} and in Λ→nπ^{0} with the best precision to date.

ElliQ, an AI-Driven Social Robot to Alleviate Loneliness: Progress and Lessons Learned

Background

Loneliness is a significant issue in older adults and can increase the risk of morbidity and mortality.

Objective

To present the development of ElliQ, a proactive, AI-driven social robot with multiple social and health coaching functions specifically designed to address loneliness and support older people.

Development/Implementation

ElliQ, a consumer robot with a friendly appearance, uses voice, sounds, light, and buttons through a touch screen to facilitate conversation, music, video calls, well-being assessments, stress reduction, cognitive games, and health reminders. The robot was deployed by 15 government agencies in the USA. Initial experience suggests it is not only highly engaging for older people but may be able to improve their quality of life and reduce loneliness. In addition, the development of a weekly report that patients can share with their clinicians to allow better integration into routine care is described.

Conclusion

This paper describes the development and real-world implementation of this product innovation and discusses challenges encountered and future directions.

Observation of D_{s}^{+}→η^{'}μ^{+}ν_{μ}, Precision Test of Lepton Flavor Universality with D_{s}^{+}→η^{(')}l^{+}ν_{l}, and First Measurements of D_{s}^{+}→η^{(')}μ^{+}ν_{μ} Decay Dynamics

By analyzing 7.33  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV with the BESIII detector, we report the observation of the semileptonic decay D_{s}^{+}→η^{'}μ^{+}ν_{μ}, with a statistical significance larger than 10σ, and the measurements of the D_{s}^{+}→ημ^{+}ν_{μ} and D_{s}^{+}→η^{'}μ^{+}ν_{μ} decay dynamics for the first time. The branching fractions of D_{s}^{+}→ημ^{+}ν_{μ} and D_{s}^{+}→η^{'}μ^{+}ν_{μ} are determined to be (2.235±0.051_{stat}±0.052_{syst})% and (0.801±0.055_{stat}±0.028_{syst})%, respectively, with precision improved by factors of 6.0 and 6.6 compared to the previous best measurements. Combined with the results for the decays D_{s}^{+}→ηe^{+}ν_{e} and D_{s}^{+}→η^{'}e^{+}ν_{e}, the ratios of the decay widths are examined both inclusively and in several ℓ^{+}ν_{ℓ} four-momentum transfer ranges. No evidence for lepton flavor universality violation is found within the current statistics. The products of the hadronic form factors f_{+,0}^{η^{(')}}(0) and the c→s Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_{cs}| are determined. The results based on the two-parameter series expansion are f_{+,0}^{η}(0)|V_{cs}|=0.452±0.010_{stat}±0.007_{syst} and f_{+,0}^{η^{'}}(0)|V_{cs}|=0.504±0.037_{stat}±0.012_{syst}, which help to constrain present models on f_{+,0}^{η^{(')}}(0). The forward-backward asymmetries are determined to be ⟨A_{FB}^{η}⟩=-0.059±0.031_{stat}±0.005_{syst} and ⟨A_{FB}^{η^{'}}⟩=-0.064±0.079_{stat}±0.006_{syst} for the first time, which are consistent with the theoretical calculation.

Determination of the Σ^{+} Timelike Electromagnetic Form Factors

Based on data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the process e^{+}e^{-}→Σ^{+}Σ[over ¯]^{-} is studied at center-of-mass energies sqrt[s]=2.3960, 2.6454, and 2.9000 GeV. Using a fully differential angular description of the final state particles, both the relative magnitude and phase information of the Σ^{+} electromagnetic form factors in the timelike region are extracted. The relative phase between the electric and magnetic form factors is determined to be sinΔΦ=-0.67±0.29(stat)±0.18(syst) at sqrt[s]=2.3960  GeV, ΔΦ=55°±19°(stat)±14°(syst) at sqrt[s]=2.6454  GeV, and 78°±22°(stat)±9°(syst) at sqrt[s]=2.9000  GeV. For the first time, the phase of the hyperon electromagnetic form factors is explored in a wide range of four-momentum transfer. The evolution of the phase along with four-momentum transfer is an important input for understanding its asymptotic behavior and the dynamics of baryons.

[Analysis of the awareness rate and correlates of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in elderly in Chinese]

Objective: To understand the awareness and influencing factors of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in the elderly population in China. Methods: The study included all participants aged ≥60 from the "13th Five-Year" National Tuberculosis Control Plan end-term assessment in 2020, with 13 706 valid questionnaires obtained. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the awareness rate of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in the elderly. Results: The total awareness rate of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in the elderly aged ≥60 was 78.4%, with the highest for "suspicious symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis" (85.4%) and the lowest for "whether pulmonary tuberculosis can be cured" (65.3%). The complete awareness rate of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in the elderly was 41.3%, and the proportion of those who received tuberculosis health education is 67.6%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that factors associated with low awareness of core information included females (OR=0.93, 95%CI: 0.86-1.00), ages 70- (OR=0.91, 95%CI: 0.84-0.98) and ≥80 (OR=0.77, 95%CI: 0.68-0.87) and minority ethnicity (OR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.74-0.99). Factors associated with high awareness of core information included educational levels of junior high school (OR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.34-1.58), high school (OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.45-1.81), junior college (OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.11-1.68), and an undergraduate degree or higher (OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.09-2.11), and receiving tuberculosis health education (OR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.97-2.27). Conclusions: In 2020, the awareness rate of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in Chinese older adults aged ≥60 was lower than the national planning target. Therefore, there should be an increased focus on health education about tuberculosis for elderly females, those aged ≥70, ethnic minorities, and those with lower education levels.

First Measurement of the Decay Asymmetry in the Pure W-Boson-Exchange Decay Λ_{c}^{+}→Ξ^{0}K^{+}

Based on 4.4  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data collected at the center-of-mass energies between 4.60 and 4.70 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the pure W-boson-exchange decay Λ_{c}^{+}→Ξ^{0}K^{+} is studied with a full angular analysis. The corresponding decay asymmetry is measured for the first time to be α_{Ξ^{0}K^{+}}=0.01±0.16(stat)±0.03(syst). This result reflects the noninterference effect between the S- and P-wave amplitudes. The phase shift between S- and P-wave amplitudes has two solutions, which are δ_{p}-δ_{s}=-1.55±0.25(stat)±0.05(syst)  rad or 1.59±0.25(stat)±0.05(syst)  rad.

Risk factors for mortality in patients with tuberculosis admitted to intensive care units

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mortality of patients with tuberculosis (TB) who need to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and to analyze the risk factors for mortality.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A retrospective analysis was conducted to collect clinical data of patients with TB who were hospitalized in the ICU at Hebei Chest Hospital between 2015 and 2020. Subsequent to data collection, a rigorous statistical analysis was conducted.

RESULTS

A total of 99 patients with TB were admitted to the ICU of Hebei Chest Hospital from 2015 to 2020. After 28 days, 78 of the 99 eligible participants in this study died, while 21 survived. The mortality rate of patients with TB in the ICU was 78.79%. There was a significant difference in the length of stay in ICU, shock, drug, acute physiology, and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and albumin (p < 0.05). Further analysis indicated that the length of stay in the ICU, shock, APACHE II, and albumin were considered independent risk factors for mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

In China, the mortality rate of patients with TB requiring admission to the ICU is very high. In these patients, a prolonged ICU stay, a high APACHE II score, the onset of shock in the ICU, and a low albumin level have a significant impact on the risk of mortality.

AI's deep dive into complex pediatric inguinal hernia issues: a challenge to traditional guidelines?

OBJECTIVE

This study utilized ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence program based on large language models, to explore controversial issues in pediatric inguinal hernia surgery and compare its responses with the guidelines of the European Association of Pediatric Surgeons (EUPSA).

METHODS

Six contentious issues raised by EUPSA were submitted to ChatGPT 4.0 for analysis, for which two independent responses were generated for each issue. These generated answers were subsequently compared with systematic reviews and guidelines. To ensure content accuracy and reliability, a content analysis was conducted, and expert evaluations were solicited for validation. Content analysis evaluated the consistency or discrepancy between ChatGPT 4.0's responses and the guidelines. An expert scoring method assess the quality, reliability, and applicability of responses. The TF-IDF model tested the stability and consistency of the two responses.

RESULTS

The responses generated by ChatGPT 4.0 were mostly consistent with the guidelines. However, some differences and contradictions were noted. The average quality score was 3.33, reliability score was 2.75, and applicability score was 3.46 (out of 5). The average similarity between the two responses was 0.72 (out of 1), Content analysis and expert ratings yielded consistent conclusions, enhancing the credibility of our research.

CONCLUSION

ChatGPT can provide valuable responses to clinical questions, but it has limitations and requires further improvement. It is recommended to combine ChatGPT with other reliable data sources to improve clinical practice and decision-making.