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Wishnow KI, Johnson DE, Fritsche HA. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen in genitourinary tumors. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 4:226-8. [PMID: 2628502 DOI: 10.1177/172460088900400408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have evaluated the serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen in patients with adenocarcinoma of the kidney, adenocarcinoma of the prostate, germ cell tumors of the testis, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, and SCC of the penis, urethra, and bladder. Serum SCC antigen levels were elevated in 5 of 11 patients (45%) with metastatic SCC of the penis, and in the 3 patients for whom serial determinations were made, the serum levels correlated correctly with the progression of disease or response to treatment. The antigen was elevated in 1 of 3 patients with SCC of the urethra, and 1 apparent false-positive value was observed in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Otherwise, no SCC antigen elevations were noted among 10 patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate, 8 with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the kidney, 11 with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, 8 with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis, and 2 patients with metastatic SCC of the bladder
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Andreopoulou E, Yang LY, Rangel KM, Reuben JM, Hsu L, Krishnamurthy S, Valero V, Fritsche HA, Cristofanilli M. Comparison of assay methods for detection of circulating tumor cells in metastatic breast cancer: AdnaGen AdnaTest BreastCancer Select/Detect™ versus Veridex CellSearch™ system. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:1590-7. [PMID: 21469140 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The detection of CTCs prior to and during therapy is an independent and strong prognostic marker, and it is predictive of poor treatment outcome. A major challenge is that different technologies are available for isolation and characterization of CTCs in peripheral blood (PB). We compare the CellSearch system and AdnaTest BreastCancer Select/Detect, to evaluate the extent that these assays differ in their ability to detect CTCs in the PB of MBC patients. CTCs in 7.5 ml of PB were isolated and enumerated using the CellSearch, before new treatment. Two cutoff values of ≥2 and ≥5 CTCs/7.5 ml were used. AdnaTest requires 5 ml of PB to detect gene transcripts of tumor markers (GA733-2, MUC-1, and HER2) by RT-PCR. AdnaTest was scored positive if ≥1 of the transcript PCR products for the 3 markers were detected at a concentration ≥0.15 ng/μl. A total of 55 MBC patients were enrolled. 26 (47%) patients were positive for CTCs by the CellSearch (≥2 cutoff), while 20 (36%) were positive (≥5 cutoff). AdnaTest was positive in 29 (53%) with the individual markers being positive in 18% (GA733-2), 44% (MUC-1), and 35% (HER2). Overall positive agreement was 73% for CTC≥2 and 69% for CTC≥5. These preliminary data suggest that the AdnaTest has equivalent sensitivity to that of the CellSearch system in detecting 2 or more CTCs. While there is concordance between these 2 methods, the AdnaTest complements the CellSearch system by improving the overall CTC detection rate and permitting the assessment of genomic markers in CTCs.
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Tran HT, Liu Y, Lin Y, Martin A, Baker KL, Fritsche HA, Zurita AJ, Pandite L, Heymach J. Use of a multiplatform analysis of plasma cytokines and angiogenic factors (CAFs) to identify baseline CAFs associated with pazopanib response and tumor burden in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.4522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Peek L, Lam S, Healey G, Fritsche HA, Chapman C, Murray A, Maddison P, Robertson JF, Wood W. Use of serum autoantibodies to identify early-stage lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.7032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lu KH, Skates S, Bevers TB, Newland W, Moore RG, Leeds L, Harris S, Adeyinka OW, Fritsche HA, Bast RC. A prospective U.S. ovarian cancer screening study using the risk of ovarian cancer algorithm (ROCA). J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.5003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Murray A, Chapman CJ, Healey G, Peek LJ, Parsons G, Baldwin D, Barnes A, Sewell HF, Fritsche HA, Robertson JFR. Technical validation of an autoantibody test for lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2010; 21:1687-1693. [PMID: 20124350 PMCID: PMC2911202 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdp606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Publications on autoantibodies to tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) have failed to show either calibration or reproducibility data. The validation of a panel of six TAAs to which autoantibodies have been described is reported here. Materials and methods: Three separate groups of patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer were identified, along with control individuals, and their samples used to validate an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Precision, linearity, assay reproducibility and antigen batch reproducibility were all assessed. Results: For between-replicate error, samples with higher signals gave coefficients of variation (CVs) in the range 7%–15%. CVs for between-plate variation were only 1%–2% higher. For between-run error, CVs were in the range 15%–28%. In linearity studies, the slope was close to 1.0 and correlation coefficient values were generally >0.8. The sensitivity and specificity of individual batches of antigen varied slightly between groups of patients; however, the sensitivity and specificity of the panel of antigens as a whole remained constant. The validity of the calibration system was demonstrated. Conclusions: A calibrated six-panel assay of TAAs has been validated for identifying nearly 40% of primary lung cancers via a peripheral blood test. Levels of reproducibility, precision and linearity would be acceptable for an assay used in a regulated clinical setting.
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Cristofanilli M, De Giorgi U, Rohren E, Ueno NT, Miller C, Doyle GV, Jackson S, Andreopoulou E, Handy BC, Reuben JM, Hortobagyi GN, Macapinlac HA, Fritsche HA, Valero V. Circulating tumor cells and FDG-PET/CT: biological and functional methods for therapeutic monitoring in metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-6052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #6052
Introduction: The combination of Computed Tomography (CT) and [18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose - Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) scanning technologies provides a more complete picture of disease activity than CT alone. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) levels were shown to be more predictive than standard imaging (CT) when used to monitor disease progression in women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We performed a retrospective study to compare the ability of combined FDG-PET/CT to CTC to predict clinical outcomes in patients treated for MBC.
 Methods: One hundred and two MBC patients with either measurable or evaluable disease starting a new line of therapy had CTC counts and FDG-PET/CT scans done at baseline (BL) and at mid-therapy. CTC: 7.5mL of blood collected in CellSave tubes at both time points was assayed for CTC using the FDA approved CellSearch® System. Patients were categorized as having a favorable (<5CTC) or unfavorable (≥5CTC) outcome. Imaging: non-contrast-enhanced CT images were acquired first, then FDG-PET/CT scans were performed after administering a mean dose of 555 MBq FDG (range 444-740 MBq) to fasting patients. CT, PET, and co-registered CT-PET images were reviewed independently by 2 radiologists. The highest recorded FDG uptake was semi-quantitatively analyzed and maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) calculated with response = SUV of <50% in target lesions and no response = SUV of >50%. Changes in CTC and SUV at mid-therapy were compared to progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
 Results: CTC: 50% (51/102) patients had ≥5 CTC at baseline (BL). At mid-therapy (median 2.5 months from BL), 21/102 progressed (≥5CTC) with a median PFS of 2.8 months vs. 7.8 months for those with no progression (<5CTC) (p<0.0001). OS was 10.0 months for patients with ≥5CTC at mid-therapy vs. 29.6 months for those with <5CTC (p<0.0001). PET/CT: 48% (49/102) patients showed no response at mid-therapy with median OS = 17.4 months vs. 29.6 months for those responding (p=0.0020). Overall, there was approximately 75% concordance in predicting outcomes between imaging and CTC assay changes [Table 1]. The majority of patients with discordant results had more advanced aggressive disease, i.e., >2nd line chemotherapy and triple-negative disease.
 
 Conclusion: ≥5 CTC and/or no response at FDG-PET/CT at mid-therapy accurately predicted significantly shorter OS.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6052.
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Cristofanilli M, Guarneri V, Valero V, Fritsche HA, Broglio KR, Reuben JM, Lara J, Krishnamurthy S, Hortobagyi GN. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in metastatic breast cancer: Biological value beyond tumor burden. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
615 Background: The detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can predict progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We evaluated the prognostic significance of baseline CTCs in relation to standard measures of tumor burden. Furthermore, we assessed if the prognostic value of CTCs was related to any particular molecular phenotype. Patients and Methods: One hundred twenty-three consecutive MBC patients (pts) evaluated prospectively between 12/2000 and 5/2005 were included in this analysis. CTCs from 7.5 mL of whole blood were isolated and enumerated using CellSearch system. Prognostic value was determined by analyzing the following factors, baseline level of CTCs (negative: <5 CTCs/7.5 mL; positive: ≥ 5 CTCs/7.5 mL), age (50 yrs<vs. >/=50 yrs), hormonal receptor (HR), Her-2/neu status, metastatic site (visceral vs. non-visceral), Swenerton score, CA27.29 levels, and previous chemotherapy for MBC (none vs. pre-treated), Results: Median age was 52 years (range 24–88) and the median follow-up was 7.7 months (range 0–53.4 months). The median OS for the alive pts was 17.5 months. Fifty-two pts (42%) had positive CTCs and abnormal CA27.29 was detected in 80 pts (66%). The median OS for patients with negative vs. positive CTCs were 28.3 months (range 1.28 - 31.24) and 12.8 months (range 1.71 to 36.83) respectively (p=0.0001). In the multivariable model, HR status, CTCs, and CA27.29 level were the only factors significantly related to OS. CTCs demonstrated the strongest predictor for OS and were associated with 2.53 times the risk of death (p = 0.003). The prognostic value of CTCs was independent of line of treatment, site of recurrence and phenotype of the disease. Conclusions: CTCs demonstrated prognostic value independent of standard measures of tumor burden and phenotypic characteristics of the disease. CTCs are an important marker of tumor biology in metastatic breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Jiang Y, Goy A, Fritsche HA, Von Mensdorff-Pouilly S, Lichtiger B, Hess M, Simons D, Remache Y, Cabanillas F, Gilles F. Prognostic value of soluble MUC1 and anti-MUC1 antibody levels in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Stieber P, Molina R, Chan DW, Fritsche HA, Beyrau R, Bonfrer JM, Filella X, Gornet TG, Hoff T, Jäger W, van Kamp GJ, Nagel D, Peisker K, Sokoll LJ, Troalen F, Untch M, Domke I. Evaluation of the analytical and clinical performance of the Elecsys CA 15-3 immunoassay. Clin Chem 2001; 47:2162-4. [PMID: 11719486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Okihara K, Fritsche HA, Ayala A, Johnston DA, Allard WJ, Babaian RJ. CAN COMPLEXED PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN AND PROSTATIC VOLUME ENHANCE PROSTATE CANCER DETECTION IN MEN WITH TOTAL PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN BETWEEN 2.5 AND 4.0 NG./ML. J Urol 2001; 165:1930-6. [PMID: 11371884 DOI: 10.1097/00005392-200106000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed whether complexed prostate specific antigen (PSA) and complexed PSA referenced variables would enhance prostate cancer detection in men with serum total PSA between 2.5 and 4.0 ng./ml. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transition zone and total prostate gland volumes were determined in 151 men who underwent prostate biopsy using an 11 core biopsy strategy. In addition to measuring the Bayer section sign complexed PSA assay, we also calculated 2 computed complexed PSA values (Hybritech parallel total PSA--Hybritech free PSA and Bayer total PSA--Hybritech free PSA). We calculated 8 volume referenced variables using total and complexed PSA, and 2 computed complexed PSA values by dividing each value by the total prostate and transition zone volumes. RESULTS Of the 151 patients 37 (24.5%) had cancer. In 10 of the 37 men with cancer (27%) a positive core was present in only 1 or more of the 5 alternate regions not sampled by conventional sextant biopsies. At 92% sensitivity a cutoff value of 2.3 ng./ml. for complexed and 31% for free-to-total PSA provided 42% and 11% specificity, respectively (p <0.001). In the 116 men with a total prostate volume of 30 cc or greater at 92% sensitivity the specificity of complexed PSA density (55%) and complexed PSA adjusted for transition zone volume (52%) were better than that of complexed (40%) and free-to-total (11%) PSA. In the 35 men with a total prostate volume of less than 30 cc at 92% sensitivity the specificity of complexed PSA (50%), complexed PSA density (55%) and complexed PSA adjusted for transition zone volume (55%) were significantly better than that of free-to-total PSA (8%, p <0.001). The area under the curve of complexed PSA was almost identical to that of the 2 computed complexed PSA calculations. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of men with total PSA values between 2.5 and 4.0 ng./ml. had prostate cancer. Complexed and computed complexed PSA were more specific than the free-to-total PSA ratio when total PSA was between 2.5 and 4.0 ng./ml. A 2.3 ng./ml. threshold for complexed and computed complexed PSA appears to stratify prostate biopsy results in men with total PSA between 2.5 and 4.0 ng./ml. The computed complexed PSA calculation appears to be equivalent to the complexed PSA serum assay for detecting cancer. Volume referenced complexed PSA performed better than complexed PSA in men with a total prostate volume of 30 cc or greater compared to men with a total prostate volume of less than 30 cc.
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Lippman SM, Benner SE, Fritsche HA, Lee JS, Hong WK. The effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid chemoprevention on human serum retinol levels. CANCER DETECTION AND PREVENTION 2001; 22:51-6. [PMID: 9466049 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1500.1998.00011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study of the effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid on serum levels of retinol was a laboratory correlate of a clinical chemoprevention trial in asymptomatic chronic smokers. All study participants had squamous metaplasia of the bronchial epithelium and received 6 months' treatment of either 13-cis-retinoic acid (1 mg/kg/day) or placebo. Baseline serum retinol levels were compared with levels taken immediately post-treatment. The placebo group (N = 38) had little change, whereas the 13-cis-retinoic acid group, (N = 35) experienced a decline in retinol levels (p = 0.06). Within the 13-cis-retinoic acid group, women's (N = 13) mean serum retinol levels dropped significantly, from 531 +/- 191 ng/ml (baseline) to 436 +/- 115 ng/ml (post-treatment) (p = 0.03); men's (N = 22) levels virtually did not change (p = 0.43). Therefore, the borderline-significant overall decline in the 13-cis-retinoic acid group was due entirely to the decline among women subjects. The etiology of this effect is unknown. Our results suggest that chronic 13-cis-retinoic acid administration may lead to a clinically significant reduction in serum retinol levels in females. This finding may have implications for currently ongoing chemoprevention trials that administer 13-cis-retinoic acid for 3 years.
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von Eyben FE, Liu FJ, Amato RJ, Fritsche HA. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 is the most important LD isoenzyme in patients with testicular germ cell tumor. Acta Oncol 2001; 39:509-17. [PMID: 11041114 DOI: 10.1080/028418600750013438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We examined the clinical utility of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzyme catalytic concentrations in 58 patients with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) (13 with seminoma and 45 with non-seminomatous tumors). Twenty-one patients with no evidence of disease (NED) all had serum LD isoenzyme 1 catalytic concentrations (LD-1) and LD-1/LD fractions below the upper limit of the reference values (ULR). LD-1 and the LD-1/LD fraction discriminated significantly between evidence of disease (ED) and NED (p = 0.00009 and p = 0.028, respectively, Mann Whitney U-test). Twenty of the 37 patients with ED had raised values of LD-1. The 17 patients with an LD-1 < 1.0 x ULR had a better survival than the 10 patients with LD-1 between 1.0 and 2.9 x ULR, the 7 with LD-1 between 3.0 and 5.9 x ULR, and the 3 patients with LD-1 > 6.0 x ULR (p = 0.006, log-rank test, chi2 test for trend)). Twenty-three patients with an LD-1/LD fraction < or = 0.25 had a better survival than the 14 with an LD-1/LD fraction > 0.25 (p = 0.013). Nineteen patients with LD-5 < 105 U/L and the 15 with LD-5 > 105 U/L had a similar rate of survival (p = 0.85). Our findings add to the evidence showing LD-1 in preference to LD as a serum tumor marker of TGCT.
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Kurie JM, Lee JS, Khuri FR, Mao L, Morice RC, Lee JJ, Walsh GL, Broxson A, Lippman SM, Ro JY, Kemp BL, Liu D, Fritsche HA, Xu X, Lotan R, Hong WK. N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide in the chemoprevention of squamous metaplasia and dysplasia of the bronchial epithelium. Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6:2973-9. [PMID: 10955773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the number one cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. To reduce the mortality associated with this disease, individuals at risk must be identified prior to the development of lung cancer, and effective prevention strategies must be developed. One such strategy is to use retinoids like N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR), which has been found to possess chemopreventive activities in preclinical studies. In this study, 139 smokers were registered and 82 were randomized onto a double-blinded, placebo-controlled chemoprevention trial of 4-HPR administered p.o. (200 mg once daily). Of these, 70 participants were eligible for response evaluation. Biopsies were obtained at six predetermined sites in the bronchial tree from participants before and at the completion of 6 months of treatment. 4-HPR treatment had no measurable effect on histopathology (squamous metaplasia and dysplasia) in the bronchial epithelium of current smokers. 4-HPR was detected (104.5+/-64.0 ng/ml, mean +/- SD) in the serum of participants, supporting its potential bioavailability. Serum retinol levels decreased markedly (44% of placebo-treated patients) as a consequence of 4-HPR treatment. Notably, the mRNA level of retinoic acid receptor beta, which is typically increased by retinoid treatment, did not change in the bronchial epithelium of 4-HPR-treated participants. Clonal populations of bronchial epithelial cells were detected by analysis of loss of heterozygosity at putative tumor suppressor loci on chromosomes 3p, 9p, and 17p, and these changes were not altered by 4-HPR treatment. In conclusion, at this dose and schedule, 4-HPR was not effective in reversing squamous metaplasia, dysplasia, or genetic and phenotypic abnormalities in the bronchial epithelium of smokers.
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Dackiw AP, Sussman JJ, Fritsche HA, Delpassand ES, Stanford P, Hoff A, Gagel RF, Evans DB, Lee JE. Relative contributions of technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scintigraphy, intraoperative gamma probe detection, and the rapid parathyroid hormone assay to the surgical management of hyperparathyroidism. ARCHIVES OF SURGERY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 2000; 135:550-5; discussion 555-7. [PMID: 10807279 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.135.5.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scintigraphy, intraoperative gamma probe detection, and the rapid parathyroid hormone assay have been used to permit a directed operation in patients with hyperparathyroidism. We hypothesized that the coordinated use of these techniques might be particularly useful in patients who require a second operation for hyperparathyroidism. DESIGN Retrospective analysis was performed to determine the specific contribution of these technologies to the surgical management of patients with hyperparathyroidism who underwent evaluation by at least 2 of these techniques between April 1996 and October 1999. SETTING Patients were evaluated and treated by an endocrine tumor surgery group within a tertiary care referral center. PATIENTS Coordinated application of 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy, intraoperative gamma probe detection, and/or the rapid parathyroid hormone assay was performed in 32 patients. RESULTS Twenty-eight of 32 patients had primary hyperparathyroidism, 3 had multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, and 1 had secondary hyperparathyroidism. The surgical procedure was an initial cervical exploration in 19 and a second operative procedure in 13. Parathyroidectomy was successful in all patients. A directed anatomic operation was performed in 24 patients, including 11 patients who underwent second operative procedures and 9 patients who underwent minimally invasive procedures under local anesthesia. A directed operation was facilitated by sestamibi scan in 22 of 24 patients, intraoperative gamma probe detection in 5 of 23 patients, and the rapid parathyroid hormone assay in 15 of 15 patients. CONCLUSIONS Coordinated application of 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy, intraoperative gamma probe detection, and the rapid parathyroid hormone assay allows for successful directed reoperative parathyroidectomy; a minimally invasive procedure may be performed in selected patients.
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Hoff AO, Cote GJ, Fritsche HA, Qiu H, Schultz PN, Gagel RF. Calcium-induced activation of a mutant G-protein-coupled receptor causes in vitro transformation of NIH/3T3 cells. Neoplasia 1999; 1:485-91. [PMID: 10935495 PMCID: PMC1508117 DOI: 10.1038/sj.neo.7900072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that is widely expressed, has tissue-specific functions, and regulates cell growth. Activating mutations of this receptor cause autosomal dominant hypocalcemia, a syndrome characterized by hypocalcemia and hypercalciuria. The identification of a family with an activating mutation of the CaR (Thr151Met) in which hypocalcemia cosegregates with several unusual neoplasms led us to examine the transforming effects of this mutant receptor. Transfection of NIH/3T3 cells with the mutant but not the normal receptor supported colony formation in soft agar at subphysiologic calcium concentrations. The mutant CaR causes a calcium-dependent activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 and Jun-N-terminal kinase/stress-activated (JNK/ SAPK) pathways, but not P38 MAP kinase. These findings contribute to a growing body of information suggesting that this receptor plays a role in the regulation of cellular proliferation, and that aberrant activation of the mutant receptor in this family may play a role in the unusual neoplastic manifestations.
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Kokolus WJ, Johnston DA, Fritsche HA. Does the fountain epitope model's rhythmic hydropathy continuum pattern satisfy the requirements of a nucleic acid meta-code or protein meta-form? Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 870:423-7. [PMID: 10415513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hughes JH, Katz RL, Rodriguez-Villanueva J, Kidd L, Dinney C, Grossman HB, Fritsche HA. Urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22): a diagnostic adjunct to urine cytologic examination for the detection of recurrent transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder. Diagn Cytopathol 1999; 20:285-90. [PMID: 10319229 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0339(199905)20:5<285::aid-dc7>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study compares urine nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) immunoassay and conventional urine cytologic examination for detecting recurrent transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. One hundred twenty-eight urine specimens from 107 patients with a history of TCC of the urinary bladder were studied. NMP22 immunoassay and conventional cytologic examination were performed on each specimen. The NMP22 and cytology results were then compared with the results of subsequent cystoscopies/surgical biopsies performed over a 6-mo follow-up period. The sensitivity of urine cytologic study for predicting recurrent TCC was 60%, while the sensitivity of NMP22 assay was 47%. When both NMP22 assay results and the cytologic interpretation were positive for TCC, the positive predictive value of the combined tests was 74%. When both tests showed negative results, the negative predictive power was 81%. Our findings suggest that urine NMP22 assay may represent a useful diagnostic adjunct to conventional urine cytologic examination for the detection of recurrent TCC of the urinary bladder.
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Morris DL, Dillon PW, Very DL, Ng P, Kish L, Goldblatt JL, Bruzek DJ, Chan DW, Ahmed MS, Witek D, Fritsche HA, Smith C, Schwartz D, Schwartz MK, Noteboom JL, Vessella RL, Yeung KK, Allard WJ. Bayer Immuno 1 PSA Assay: an automated, ultrasensitive method to quantitate total PSA in serum. J Clin Lab Anal 1998; 12:65-74. [PMID: 9484672 PMCID: PMC6807852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bayer Immuno 1 PSA Assay measures total PSA in human serum and demonstrates excellent performance with an interassay CV < or = 3.4% and a biological detection limit of 0.03 microgram/L. No significant interference from common hormonal and chemotherapeutic drugs, kallikrein, prostatic acid phosphatase, and trypsin, or elevated levels of total bilirubin, hemoglobin, triglycerides, and IgG was observed. The 95th percentile values for healthy individuals increased with age from 3.0 micrograms/L for males 50-59 years and 3.3 micrograms/L for males 60-69 years, to 4.6 micrograms/L for males > or = 70 years. Clinical studies with retrospective samples demonstrated correspondence between serial measurements of PSA and clinical outcome for 98% of 159 prostate cancer patients. Clinical sensitivity for patients with clinical evidence of disease, untreated at the time of specimen draw, increased with increasing stage from 77.5-100%. Specificity of 60-70% for BPH and other benign urogenital diseases was consistent with previous findings. Bayer Immuno 1 PSA Assay values for 2131 specimens from healthy subjects and patients with prostate cancer, BPH, and other malignant and nonmalignant diseases correlated well with the Abbott IMx PSA Assay over the range 0.0-6,238 micrograms/L (Y = 1.10 x + 0.02). The Bayer Immuno 1 PSA Assay provides automated ultrasensitive, precise, and equimolar measurement of total PSA in human serum.
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Fritsche HA, Bast RC. CA 125 in ovarian cancer: advances and controversy. Clin Chem 1998; 44:1379-80. [PMID: 9665412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Cheli CD, Morris DL, Kish L, Goldblatt J, Neaman I, Allard WJ, Yeung KK, Wu AH, Moore R, Chan DW, Fritsche HA, Schwartz MK, Very DL. Multicenter evaluation of the Bayer Immuno I CA 15-3 assay. Clin Chem 1998; 44:765-72. [PMID: 9554487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a multicenter evaluation of the analytical and clinical features of the automated Bayer Immuno 1 CA 15-3 assay and compared assay performance to two manual tests. Results of the 10-day imprecision study of the Bayer Immuno 1 assay pooled across four evaluation sites and three lots of reagent produced total CV < or = 4%. Lot-to-lot reproducibility for 26 different lots of reagents and calibrators manufactured over a 2-year period was demonstrated (CV, 1.1%). Results for the Bayer Immuno 1 assay correlated well with the Biomira TRUQUANT BR 27.29 and Centocor CA 15-3 RIAs (r > or = 0.94). The upper limit of the reference interval for the Bayer Immuno 1 assay was 35.9 kilounits/L (35.9 units/mL); values were similar for all methods. Longitudinal monitoring of healthy women yielded assay values with an average CV of 11% and 21% for the Bayer Immuno 1 and Biomira assays, respectively. The Bayer Immuno 1 assay demonstrated the analytical features, intermethod correlation, and long-term performance characteristics that are essential for longitudinal monitoring of breast cancer patients.
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Rajagopal S, Navone NM, Troncoso P, Fritsche HA, Chakrabarty S. Modulation of cellular proliferation and production of prostate-specific antigen and matrix adhesion molecules in human prostate carcinoma cells by polypeptide growth factors: comparative analyses of MDA PCa2a with established cell lines. Int J Oncol 1998; 12:589-95. [PMID: 9472097 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.12.3.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular responses of a newly established and early-passage human prostate adenocarcinoma cell line, MDA PCa2a, to transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and TGFalpha were characterized in terms of proliferation, production of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LM). The responses of the MDA PCa2a cells were compared with those of the well-established human prostate carcinoma cell lines LNCap, PC3, and DU145. The MDA PCa2a cells were more responsive to the growth-inhibitory effect of TGFbeta1 than the established cell lines. The androgen-responsive cell lines (MDA PCa2a and LNCap) were relatively responsive to the growth-stimulatory effect of EGF and TGFalpha whereas the androgen-independent lines (PC3 and DU145) were not. Only the androgen-responsive cells produced PSA, which was further upregulated by treatment with growth factors. The androgen-independent cells did not produce PSA, and growth factors had no effect on PSA production. However, all cell lines produced abundant amounts of FN and LM, and the levels of production of these molecules were subject to modulation by growth factors. It is concluded that each growth factor elicits diverse and distinct responses in prostate carcinoma cells, which may reflect the involvement of diverse post-receptor signal pathways.
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Stampfer DS, Carpinito GA, Rodriguez-Villanueva J, Willsey LW, Dinney CP, Grossman HB, Fritsche HA, McDougal WS. Evaluation of NMP22 in the detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol 1998; 159:394-8. [PMID: 9649246 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)63930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Urinary nuclear matrix protein (NMP22) was evaluated for detection of new and recurrent bladder tumors in patients with a history of transitional cell carcinoma. Our objective was to determine sensitivity and specificity of this marker for tumors of various stages and grades, as well as its use as an adjunct to or substitute for urinary cytology. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 231 patients with a history of transitional cell carcinoma provided 288 voided urine samples before cystoscopic examination at 1 of 3 institutions (53 patients were reevaluated at least once). Urine samples were assayed for NMP22 using the NMP22 Test Kit. Select patients underwent biopsy with appropriate additional therapy. Voided urinary cytology was obtained in 200 cases. End points for determination of the absence and presence of tumor were negative cystoscopy and positive biopsy, respectively. A receiver operating characteristics curve was constructed to determine the optimal NMP22 threshold for detection of transitional cell carcinoma. For positive biopsies NMP22 values were also correlated with tumor stage and grade. Comparison to cytology was limited to patients with complete data. RESULTS There were 208 negative cystoscopies (158 with cytology) and 66 positive cystoscopies with biopsy (42 with cytology). Of the cases 14 were eliminated from statistical analysis due to incomplete data. Receiver operating characteristics curve interpretation determined that 6.4 units per ml. was an optimal reference value for detection of transitional cell carcinoma in this patient group. Sensitivity and specificity for all pathological groupings was 68 and 80%, respectively. When compared to cytology the sensitivities of NMP22 and cytology were 67 versus 31 or 40% (depending on the definition of positive cytology). CONCLUSIONS NMP22 values represented significant improvement over urinary cytology for detection of transitional cell carcinoma. The sensitivity of NMP22 for detection of transitional cell carcinoma in bladder cancer patients was as much as twice that of cytology when a reference value of 6.4 units per ml. was used. NMP22 analysis was less costly than cytology and operator independent. While NMP22 has previously been shown to be a strong predictor of recurrence after tumor resection, it is an effective and sensitive screening test for detecting tumors in patients with transitional cell carcinoma.
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Babaian RJ, Fritsche HA, Zhang Z, Zhang KH, Madyastha KR, Barnhill SD. Evaluation of prostAsure index in the detection of prostate cancer: a preliminary report. Urology 1998; 51:132-6. [PMID: 9457308 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(97)00574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has revolutionized the detection of prostate cancer, it has definite limitations with respect to its clinical sensitivity and specificity. Because a substantial number (20% to 40%) of men undergoing radical prostatectomy have a PSA level of 4.0 ng/mL or less, any new test offering diagnostic improvement must perform well in patients whose PSA level is less than or equal to 4.0 ng/mL, as well as in patients whose PSA is greater than 4.0 ng/mL. The performances of two tests, the ProstAsure index and the percent free PSA test, were evaluated in detecting cancer. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed serum samples from 225 men who were grouped into three categories: 94 men who had a normal digital rectal examination and a serum PSA level of 4.0 ng/mL or less, 77 men who were clinically suspected of having benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with a serum PSA level of 4.0 ng/mL or less, and 54 men with localized prostate cancer. The PSA assays were performed using the Hybritech and Tosoh assays and the ProstAsure index was determined by Global Health Net, Savannah, Ga. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the performance of these two tests, and the areas under the curve were compared for significance. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of detecting prostate cancer using ProstAsure were 93% and 81%, respectively. Using a cutoff value of 15%, the sensitivity and specificity of detecting cancer for percent free PSA were 80% and 74%, respectively (sensitivity increased to 93% and specificity to 59% for free PSA at 19%). In men with a total serum PSA level of 4.0 ng/mL or less, ProstAsure had a lower false-positive rate compared to free PSA level at 19% for men with or without clinical BPH as well as for men without clinical BPH using a 15% free PSA threshold. ProstAsure left fewer cancers undetected (7%) compared to free PSA at the 15% cutoff (20%). CONCLUSIONS In this study of selected men, ROC curve analysis shows a statistically significant advantage in performance (P = 0.0023) for the ProstAsure index compared to free PSA in detecting prostate cancer.
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Silva EG, Tornos C, Fritsche HA, el-Naggar A, Gray K, Ordonez NG, Luna M, Gershenson D. The induction of benign epithelial neoplasms of the ovaries of guinea pigs by testosterone stimulation: a potential animal model. Mod Pathol 1997; 10:879-83. [PMID: 9310950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of different hormones on the epithelial cells of the ovaries of 11 guinea pigs. Three received testosterone, two received estrone, three megestrol, and three chorionic gonadotropin. Three control guinea pigs received sterile water. Benign epithelial cysts larger than 1.5 mm were found in six guinea pigs, three who received testosterone, one who received megestrol, and two who received chorionic gonadotropin. In one of the three guinea pigs who received testosterone, 2.5-cm bilateral cysts were grossly identified. Papillary excrescences were found on the ovarian surface in four guinea pigs, three who received testosterone and one who received megestrol. The proliferating epithelial cells also formed benign glands in the ovarian stroma in two guinea pigs who received testosterone, the most exuberant epithelial proliferations, including large bilateral cystadenomas, papillary excrescence that formed a small papillary neoplasm, and glands in the ovarian stroma that formed adenomatous areas, were seen in the guinea pig who received an intermediate dose of testosterone for the longest time. By radioimmunoassay, the serum level of testosterone was 22 ng/dL in one of the controls and 10,000, 12,000, and 15,000 ng/dL in the three guinea pigs who received testosterone. In the guinea pig with the most exuberant epithelial proliferation, the level of testosterone in the uterus was similar to that in the serum (13,860 ng/mg), but in the wall of the ovarian epithelial cyst, it was three times higher than it was in the serum (44,000 ng/mg). Our study shows that testosterone stimulates the growth of epithelial cells in the ovaries of guinea pigs, resulting in benign cysts, small adenomas in the ovarian parenchyma, and papillomas on the ovarian surface. The study also shows that guinea pigs can be used as an animal model for epithelial tumors of the human ovary.
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