1
|
Wyeth RC, Holden T, Jalala H, Murray JA. Rare-Earth Magnets Influence Movement Patterns of the Magnetically Sensitive Nudibranch Tritonia exsulans in Its Natural Habitat. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2021; 240:105-117. [PMID: 33939940 DOI: 10.1086/713663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe nudibranch Tritonia exsulans (previously Tritonia diomedea) is known to have behaviors and neurons that can be modified by perturbations of the Earth's magnetic field. There is no definitive evidence for how this magnetic sense is used in nature. Using an exploratory approach, we tested for possible effects of magnetic perturbations based on underwater video of crawling patterns in the slugs' natural habitat, with magnets of varying strength deployed on the substrate. For analysis, we used a paired comparison of tracks of animals between segments 25-50 cm distant from the magnets and segments of the same tracks 0-25 cm from the magnets, to determine whether any differences depended on the strength of the magnet. Most track measurements (length, displacement, velocity, and tortuosity) showed no such differences. However, effects were observed for the changes in track headings between successive points. These results showed that tracks had relatively higher heading variability when they moved closer to stronger magnets. We suggest that this supports a hypothesis that T. exsulans continuously uses a magnetic sense to help maintain straight-line navigation. Further specific testing of the hypothesis is now needed to verify this new possibility for how animals can benefit from a compass sense.
Collapse
|
2
|
Murray JA, Clayton MF, Litchman ML. Health Care Provider Knowledge and Perceptions of FDA-Approved and Do-It-Yourself Automated Insulin Delivery. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2020; 14:1017-1021. [PMID: 31876176 PMCID: PMC7645143 DOI: 10.1177/1932296819895567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Automated insulin delivery (AID) technology may reduce variability in blood glucose, resulting in lower risk for hypoglycemia and associated complications, and by extension improve quality of life. While clinical trials, research, and patient experience have consistently demonstrated the value of AID, this technology is still inaccessible to many patients. Patient-driven innovation has resulted in alternative do-it-yourself (DIY) solutions to available off-the-shelf AID devices. METHOD This two-phase cross-sectional observational study addressed health care provider (HCP) perceptions of AID as well as the perceived need for, development of, and evaluation of an AID fact sheet comparing the most commonly used Federal Drug Administration approved AID and DIY AID devices. RESULTS Negative attitudes toward the use of DIY AID were low. The majority of HCPs saw their lack of knowledge about how DIY AID work to be the greatest barrier to answering patient questions about what is available (74.4%). Additionally, the majority of HCPs (64.5%) indicated they were either "likely" or "very likely" to use the fact sheet when answering patient questions about AID options. CONCLUSION Increased awareness and utilization of AID technology offer hope to further reduce the burden of diabetes, but there is a need to bridge the knowledge gap about DIY AID. A fact sheet provides a way to facilitate discussions of this emerging technology between HCPs and patients. Next steps could investigate additional ways to put needed information in the hands of HCPs.
Collapse
|
3
|
Martchenko SE, Sweeney ME, Dimitriadou V, Murray JA, Brubaker PL. Site-Specific and Temporal Effects of Apraglutide, a Novel Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor Agonist, on Intestinal Growth in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:347-352. [PMID: 32144124 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.263947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor (GLP-2R) agonists are well-established to increase intestinal growth in rodents and, most notably, humans with short bowel syndrome. Most of the trophic effects of GLP-2R agonists are reported to be mediated through increased growth of the crypt-villus axis, resulting in enhanced mucosal mass and improved intestinal function. The present study examined the effects of apraglutide, a novel GLP-2R agonist, on the growth of the small intestine and colon after 3, 7, and 10 weeks of treatment in male and female mice. Apraglutide (3 mg/kg; three times per week) significantly increased small intestinal weight (P < 0.001) and length (P < 0.001) after 3 weeks of administration, with a further increase in effectiveness after 10 weeks (P < 0.01). Crypt depth and villus height were both markedly increased after 3 weeks of apraglutide administration (P < 0.001) but did not show any further increase with duration of treatment, whereas crypt number and intestinal circumference were increased after 7 and 10 weeks (P < 0.01) but not after 3 weeks of apraglutide treatment. Both the weight and the length of the colon were also enhanced by apraglutide treatment for 3 weeks (P < 0.001), and these effects were maintained but did not improve further with continued apraglutide administration. The results of this study demonstrate that the novel, long-acting GLP-2R agonist, apraglutide, demonstrates an unexpected marked ability to increase intestinal length as well as exert time- and location-dependent specificity in its intestinotrophic actions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The novel long-acting glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor agonist, apraglutide, enhances intestinal weight as well as intestinal length in a time- and site-dependent fashion.
Collapse
|
4
|
Jansson-Knodell CL, King K, Larson J, Murray JA, Rubio-Tapia A. A271 UNCOVERING GENDER-BASED DIFFERENCES IN UNDIAGNOSED CELIAC DISEASE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
5
|
Galipeau HJ, CAMINERO FERNANDEZ A, McCarville J, BERNIER S, Murray JA, Casqueiro Blanco J, Surette M, Verdu E. A13 PROTEOLYTIC BACTERIA PROMOTE INNATE IMMUNE ACTIVATION AND GLUTEN-INDUCED PATHOLOGY IN MICE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
6
|
Abstract
The results of acute laryngeal trauma sustained by 44 patients are reported. Three major aetiological groups are identified: road traffic accidents, blunt injury and penetrating injury. Road traffic accidents appear to produce severe injury, but the long-term follow-up results are similar to those laryngeal injuries which were not recognized initially and who developed a chronic stenosis. The blunt injury group sustained less forceful trauma; 14 of the 18 were treated conservatively and all patients had a good result. The majority of the penetrating injury group developed good breathing and a good voice following operation. Some of the technical expertise normally used to treat chronic laryngeal stenosis has been included in this series to good effect.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sharp JF, Jalaludin M, Murray JA, Maran AG. The Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty Operation: The Edinburgh Experience. J R Soc Med 2018; 83:569-70. [PMID: 2213805 PMCID: PMC1292817 DOI: 10.1177/014107689008300912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The experience of the uvulopalatopharyngoplasty operation, performed on 24 patients for the relief of loud or heroic snoring, is presented. The operation successfully reduced the severity of snoring in 96% of patients. Postoperative complications were uncommon but included nasal regurgitation and intrapharyngeal adhesions in one patient. The role of the uvulopalatopharyngoplasty operation in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea is undecided but the authors do not perform this operation on such patients.
Collapse
|
8
|
Fang H, Murray JA. Editorial: a novel approach to monitor mucosal healing in coeliac disease-as simple as shifting goalposts? Authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46:895-896. [PMID: 29023882 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
|
9
|
Fang H, King KS, Larson JJ, Snyder MR, Wu TT, Gandhi MJ, Murray JA. Undetectable negative tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies predict mucosal healing in treated coeliac disease patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46:681-687. [PMID: 28782118 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) immunoglobulin A (IgA) testing is a sensitive adjunct to the diagnosis of coeliac disease. The threshold for positivity was developed for diagnosis, with negative results reported as below the reference value (<4 U/mL). AIM To investigate if an undetectable (tTG IgA<1.2 U/mL) is more predictive of healing compared to patients with negative but detectable serology (1.2-3.9 U/mL). METHODS We performed a retrospective study of 402 treated coeliac disease patients seen at the Mayo Clinic with negative tTG IgA values drawn within 1 month of duodenal biopsy between January 2009 and December 2015. The Corazza-Villanacci score was used to assess mucosal healing. The presence of gastrointestinal symptoms was also collected. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship of clinical variables with a normal biopsy. RESULTS Patients with undetectable titres more frequently had normal duodenal histology compared to patients with detectable tTG IgA levels (117/240 vs. 53/162; OR=1.96; 1.292, 2.961). Asymptomatic patients more frequently had normal duodenum as compared to symptomatic patients (88/163 vs. 82/239; OR=2.25; CI: 1.494, 3.377). Patients with undetectable serology and on a gluten-free diet for ≥2 years were more likely to have no villous atrophy compared to patients with detectable serology (148/192 vs. 55/88; OR=2.02; CI: 1.17, 3.49). CONCLUSION In subjects recovering from coeliac disease with negative tTG IgA serology, an undetectable titre is associated with normal histology on follow-up biopsy.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mahadev S, Murray JA, Green PHR, Adelman DA, Lebwohl B. Editorial: risk factors for persistent villus atrophy in coeliac disease - is it time to reconsider definitions for refractory coeliac disease? Authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:1478-1479. [PMID: 28474831 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
|
11
|
Mahadev S, Murray JA, Wu TT, Chandan VS, Torbenson MS, Kelly CP, Maki M, Green PHR, Adelman D, Lebwohl B. Factors associated with villus atrophy in symptomatic coeliac disease patients on a gluten-free diet. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:1084-1093. [PMID: 28220520 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duodenal injury persists in some coeliac disease patients despite gluten-free diet, and is associated with adverse outcomes. AIM To determine the prevalence and clinical risk factors for persistent villus atrophy among symptomatic coeliac disease patients. METHODS A nested cross-sectional analysis was performed on coeliac disease patients with self-reported moderate or severe symptoms while following a gluten-free diet, who underwent protocol-mandated duodenal biopsy upon enrolment in the CeliAction clinical trial. Demographic factors, symptom type, medication use, and serology were examined to determine predictors of persistent villus atrophy. RESULTS Of 1345 symptomatic patients, 511 (38%, 95% CI, 35-41%) were found to have active coeliac disease with persistent villus atrophy, defined as average villus height to crypt depth ratio ≤2.0. On multivariable analysis, older age (OR, 5.1 for ≥70 vs. 18-29 years, 95% CI, 2.5-10.4) was a risk factor while longer duration on gluten-free diet was protective (OR, 0.37, 95% CI, 0.24-0.55 for 4-5.9 vs. 1-1.9 years). Villus atrophy was associated with use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs; OR, 1.6, 95% CI, 1.1-2.3), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; OR, 1.64, 95% CI, 1.2-2.2), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs; OR, 1.74, 95% CI, 1.2-2.5). Symptoms were not associated with villus atrophy after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions A majority of symptomatic coeliac disease patients did not have active disease on follow-up histology. Symptoms were poorly predictive of persistent mucosal injury. The impact of NSAIDs, PPIs, and SSRIs on mucosal healing in coeliac disease warrants further study.
Collapse
|
12
|
Choung RS, Murray JA, Marietta EV, Van Dyke CT, Ross AB. Serum alkylresorcinols as biomarkers of dietary gluten exposure in coeliac disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:643-652. [PMID: 28052442 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy for coeliac disease (CD) mainly relies on following a gluten-free diet (GFD); however, a serum marker for gluten intake has yet to be established. AIM To evaluate the utility of alkylresorcinol concentrations for detecting gluten intake in studies of human and mouse. METHODS Alkylresorcinol concentrations were compared among treated patients with coeliac disease (n = 34), untreated coeliac disease patients (n = 36) and controls (n = 33). Furthermore, seven additional coeliac disease patients whose serum samples were available at diagnosis and after GFD were evaluated. In mice studies, alkylresorcinol concentrations were compared in the serum of five mice fed a regular chow and 10 mice fed lifelong with a gluten-free chow. In addition, the effect of adding gluten on changes of alkylresorcinol concentrations was also evaluated. RESULTS Total alkylresorcinol concentrations were significantly lower in treated with coeliac disease [median (IQR), 3 (2-8) nmol/L], compared to untreated patients [median (IQR), 32 (11-74) nmol/L; P < 0.0001] or healthy controls [median (IQR), 54 (23-112) nmol/L; P < 0.0001]. Moreover, alkylresorcinol concentrations in coeliac disease patients significantly decreased after introduction of a GFD (median, 34 nmol/L at diagnosis vs. 5 nmol/L after GFD, P = 0.02). In the mice, median (IQR) total alkylresorcinol concentrations in serum samples of mice fed lifelong with a gluten-free chow was 1.8 (1.6-2.3) nmol/L, which was further significantly increased to 16 (11-22) nmol/L after 8 days of feeding with the gluten-free chow that had gluten added to it. (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Serum alkylresorcinol concentrations could be a useful marker for dietary gluten in coeliac disease.
Collapse
|
13
|
Marietta EV, Geno DM, Smyrk TC, Becker A, Alexander JA, Camilleri M, Murray JA, Katzka DA. Presence of intraepithelial food antigen in patients with active eosinophilic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:427-433. [PMID: 27878833 PMCID: PMC6944330 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is putatively mediated by an abnormal response to food antigen, the oesophagus is considered relatively impermeable to large molecules. AIM To assess whether food antigens penetrate the oesophageal mucosa in patients with EoE. METHODS Anti-gliadin staining was performed in three groups: active EoE, inactive EoE and EoE patients on a low or gluten free diet. To appraise the specificity of our results, we also performed gliadin staining on six patients without oesophageal disease who were consuming gluten. The groups with EoE on gluten also underwent endoscopic infusion with gluten containing soy sauce and repeat biopsies during the endoscopy. We measured eosinophil density, dilated intercellular spaces (on a 0-4+ scale) and gliadin in oesophageal mucosa by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Patients with active EoE had significantly greater epithelial density of anti-gliadin staining when compared to inactive EoE (P < 0.0065) and gluten-free patients (P < 0.0008) at baseline and after soy infusion. Gliadin was not detected in non-EoE control patients. The distribution of gliadin was both cytoplasmic and nuclear. There was good correlation of dilated intercellular spaces grade and total gliadin staining intensity (r = 0.577, P = 0.0077). Acute oesophageal perfusion of a commercial gliadin-rich soy sauce did not lead to an increase in gliadin staining in active or inactive EoE. CONCLUSION These findings suggest, although do not prove, that antigen penetration in active eosinophilic oesophagitis might be facilitated by impairment of epithelial integrity.
Collapse
|
14
|
Podboy A, Sunjaya D, Smyrk TC, Murray JA, Binder M, Katzka DA, Alexander JA, Halland M. Oesophageal lichen planus: the efficacy of topical steroid-based therapies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:310-318. [PMID: 27859412 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oesophageal lichen planus is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder characterized by significant oesophageal stricturing. Oesophageal lichen planus is a rare, difficult to diagnose, and likely an under recognized disease. As a result, there is no standardized approach to therapy and treatment strategies vary. AIM To examine the utility of topical steroid therapy (fluticasone or budesonide) in the management of oesophageal lichen planus. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients diagnosed with oesophageal lichen planus who underwent baseline and follow up endoscopy pre and post topical steroid therapy between 1995 and 2016 at Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN. Average time between upper GI endoscopy was 3.2 months (0.7-11.7). Swallowed steroid preparations included fluticasone 880 μg twice daily or budesonide 3 mg twice daily. Patients were reviewed for symptomatic response to therapy using the Dakkak-Bennett dysphagia score (0-4, no dysphagia to total aphagia). Pre- and post-endoscopic findings were assessed. Additional baseline demographic, endoscopic, and histologic data were also obtained. RESULTS We identified 40 patients who met the inclusion criteria. A significant reduction in median dysphagia score from 1 (0-4) to 0 (0-3) after steroid therapy (P < 0.001) was noted. 62% of patients reported resolution of their dysphagia after receiving topical corticosteroids. 72.5% had an endoscopic response to steroid therapy. CONCLUSION Topical swallowed budesonide or fluticasone appear to effective treatment for oesophageal lichen planus.
Collapse
|
15
|
Colombel JF, Riddle MS, Murray JA. Editorial: serologic microbial associated markers to predict Crohn's disease behaviour - authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:301-2. [PMID: 27375094 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Faubion WA, Camilleri M, Murray JA, Kelly P, Amadi B, Kosek MN, Enders F, Larson J, Grover M, Boe G, Dyer R, Singh R. Improving the detection of environmental enteric dysfunction: a lactulose, rhamnose assay of intestinal permeability in children aged under 5 years exposed to poor sanitation and hygiene. BMJ Glob Health 2016; 1:e000066. [PMID: 28588929 PMCID: PMC5321325 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an asymptomatic intestinal disorder affecting populations living in conditions of poor sanitation and hygiene. The study tested intestinal barrier function in infants with EED. Methods We prospectively studied an advanced high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry assay of urine collected after oral intake of the monosaccharide, L-rhamnose and the disaccharide, lactulose, in 112 children from three continents. Findings Compared to the US cohort (n=27), the cohorts of children from Peru (n=19) and Zambia (n=85) were older with evidence of growth impairment. The median (range) of age (months) was 8.0 (2.0 to 13.0), 27.0 (15.0 to 29.0) and 21.0 (12.0 to 36.0), respectively. The median (range) of height for age Z score was −0.1 (−1.8 to 2.4), −1.8 (−3.3 to −0.2) and −2.3 (−8.5 to 1.2), respectively. Among children with valid sugar data (n=22 USA, n=19 Peru, n=73 Zambia), there were no significant differences in the median rhamnose urine concentrations between the three groups. The median (range) lactulose concentration (µg/mL) was 6.78 (0.29 to 31.90), 47.60 (4.23 to 379.00) and 75.40 (0.67 to 873.00) in the US, Peruvian and Zambian cohorts, respectively (p<0.001). The lactulose/rhamnose ratio (LRR) was higher in cohorts from Peru (0.75, 0.15, 5.02) and Zambia (2.26, 0.08, 14.48) compared to the US (0.14, 0.06, 1.00) cohort (p<0.001). In a multivariate effect modification model, higher weight-for-age z scores were associated with lower post-dose lactulose when rhamnose excretion was constant (p=0.003). Conclusions This non-invasive two saccharide permeability protocol measures changes in intestinal permeability in children with EED and permits the identification of individuals for interventional trials.
Collapse
|
18
|
Choung RS, Princen F, Stockfisch TP, Torres J, Maue AC, Porter CK, Leon F, De Vroey B, Singh S, Riddle MS, Murray JA, Colombel JF. Serologic microbial associated markers can predict Crohn's disease behaviour years before disease diagnosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 43:1300-10. [PMID: 27117843 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) have serologic responses to various microbial antigens. Serologic markers are associated with aggressive forms of disease and can be detected before onset of symptoms. Their utility in pre-clinical disease or prediction of complicated disease course before diagnosis is unclear. AIM To evaluate the pattern of serologic anti-microbial antibodies long prior to diagnosis and the subsequent risk of complicated Crohn's disease at diagnosis. METHODS Sera from 100 US military personnel with Crohn's disease were obtained from the Department of Defense Serum Repository. For each patient, four samples were obtained at different time points before and around diagnosis, and were tested for 6 microbiota-directed antibodies (ASCA-IgA, ASCA-IgG, anti-OmpC, anti-CBir1, anti-A4-Fla2 and anti-FlaX). Associations between the presence and accumulation of Crohn's disease anti-microbial antibodies before diagnosis and with the later development of complications were evaluated. RESULTS Overall, 65 patients were positive for at least one Crohn's disease associated anti-microbial antibody in the earliest available sample, at a median of 6 years before Crohn's disease diagnosis (interquartile range, 5.6-8.2). The number of positive anti-microbial antibodies increased up to the time of Crohn's disease diagnosis. Complicated disease developed around the time of diagnosis in 24 patients. The proportion of positive antimicrobial antibodies before diagnosis was higher in patients with complicated vs. noncomplicated Crohn's disease. There was an inverse relationship between the time to first complication and the magnitude of serologic response before diagnosis. CONCLUSION The presence and accumulation of circulating anti-microbial antibodies years before Crohn's disease diagnosis was associated with complicated Crohn's disease at or shortly after diagnosis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Dauer E, Thompson D, Zinsmeister AR, Dierkhising R, Harris A, Zais T, Alexander J, Murray JA, Wise JL, Lim K, Locke GR, Romero Y. Supraesophageal Reflux: Validation of a Symptom Questionnaire. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 134:73-80. [PMID: 16399184 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a questionnaire for supraesophageal manifestations of reflux (SER) that will facilitate its study in clinical and research settings. STUDY DESIGN: The Supraesophageal Reflux Questionnaire (SERQ) and previously validated Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) were subjected to multiple types of validity testing, including content validity, concurrent validity, reproducibility, and predictive validity. RESULTS: The concurrent validity and reproducibility of both instruments was good to excellent for most items tested. The predictive validity of the SERQ was superior to the RSI when it included the covariates of history of sinusitis, use of over-the-counter antacid medications, age, gender, and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: The SERQ will serve as both a useful clinical and research tool by offering not only SER symptom information, like the RSI, but also information about the patient's medical history and medication usage that will facilitate use of the SERQ in research protocols. EBM rating: B-2b
Collapse
|
20
|
Ravi K, Murray JA, Geno DM, Katzka DA. Achalasia and chronic opiate use: innocent bystanders or associated conditions? Dis Esophagus 2016; 29:15-21. [PMID: 25604060 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution manometry identifies three subtypes of achalasia. However, type 3 differs from classic achalasia. Although opiates affect esophageal motility, opiate use and achalasia have not been studied. Patients with a new diagnosis of achalasia at Mayo Clinic Rochester between June 1, 2012 and January 3, 2014 were identified. Clinical records were reviewed to assess symptoms, opiate use, and therapy. Fifty-six patients with achalasia were identified, 14 (25%) were on opiates. Opiate prescription was unrelated to achalasia in all cases, with chronic back and joint pain constituting the majority. Of patients on opiates, five (36%) had type 3 achalasia compared with four (10%) not on opiates (P = 0.02). No patients on opiates had type 1 achalasia. Clinical presentation did not differ with opiates, although those on opiates were more likely to report chest pain (39 vs. 14%, P = 0.05) and less likely to have esophageal dilation (62 vs. 82%, P = 0.13), none with greater than 5-cm diameter. Contractile vigor was greater with opiate use, with distal contractile integral of 7149 versus 2615.5 mmHg/cm/second (P = 0.08). Treatment response was inferior on opiates, with persistent symptoms in 22% compared with 3% without opiates (P = 0.06). Opiate use is common in type 3 achalasia, with the majority of patients on opiates. No patients on opiates were diagnosed with type 1 achalasia. Manometric findings of type 3 achalasia mimic those induced by opiates, suggesting a physiologic mechanism for opiate induced type 3 achalasia. Treatment outcome is inferior with opiates, with opiate cessation perhaps preferable. Further studies assessing opiate use and achalasia are needed.
Collapse
|
21
|
Murray JA, Wyeth RC. Introduction to the Symposium--Chemicals that Organize Ecology: Towards a Greater Integration of Chemoreception, Neuroscience, Organismal Biology, and Chemical Ecology. Integr Comp Biol 2015. [PMID: 26210346 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icv089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
22
|
Sevigny JL, Kirouac LE, Thomas WK, Ramsdell JS, Lawlor KE, Sharifi O, Grewal S, Baysdorfer C, Curr K, Naimie AA, Okamoto K, Murray JA, Newcomb JM. The Mitochondrial Genomes of the Nudibranch Mollusks, Melibe leonina and Tritonia diomedea, and Their Impact on Gastropod Phylogeny. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127519. [PMID: 25996944 PMCID: PMC4440745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The phylogenetic relationships among certain groups of gastropods have remained unresolved in recent studies, especially in the diverse subclass Opisthobranchia, where nudibranchs have been poorly represented. Here we present the complete mitochondrial genomes of Melibe leonina and Tritonia diomedea (more recently named T. tetraquetra), two nudibranchs from the unrepresented Cladobranchia group, and report on the resulting phylogenetic analyses. Both genomes coded for the typical thirteen protein-coding genes, twenty-two transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs seen in other species. The twelve-nucleotide deletion previously reported for the cytochrome oxidase 1 gene in several other Melibe species was further clarified as three separate deletion events. These deletions were not present in any opisthobranchs examined in our study, including the newly sequenced M. leonina or T. diomedea, suggesting that these previously reported deletions may represent more recently divergent taxa. Analysis of the secondary structures for all twenty-two tRNAs of both M. leonina and T. diomedea indicated truncated d arms for the two serine tRNAs, as seen in some other heterobranchs. In addition, the serine 1 tRNA in T. diomedea contained an anticodon not yet reported in any other gastropod. For phylogenetic analysis, we used the thirteen protein-coding genes from the mitochondrial genomes of M. leonina, T. diomedea, and seventy-one other gastropods. Phylogenetic analyses were performed for both the class Gastropoda and the subclass Opisthobranchia. Both Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses resulted in similar tree topologies. In the Opisthobranchia, the five orders represented in our study were monophyletic (Anaspidea, Cephalaspidea, Notaspidea, Nudibranchia, Sacoglossa). In Gastropoda, two of the three traditional subclasses, Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata, were not monophyletic. In contrast, four of the more recently named gastropod clades (Vetigastropoda, Neritimorpha, Caenogastropoda, and Heterobranchia) were all monophyletic, and thus appear to be better classifications for this diverse group.
Collapse
|
23
|
Dodge HT, Stewart DK, Murray JA, Frimer M. Assessment of myocardial performance in man with heart disease. Adv Cardiol 2015; 12:234-45. [PMID: 4838689 DOI: 10.1159/000395468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
24
|
Jung KW, Jung HY, Myung SJ, Kim SO, Lee J, Yoon IJ, Seo SY, Lee JH, Kim DH, Choi KD, Song HJ, Lee GH, Murray JA, Romero Y, Kim JH. The effect of age on the key parameters in the Chicago classification: a study using high-resolution esophageal manometry in asymptomatic normal individuals. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:246-57. [PMID: 25521290 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-resolution manometry using the Chicago classification, which utilizes parameters including integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), distal contractile integral (DCI), and contractile front velocity (CFV), shows better diagnostic ability than previous conventional criteria. However, the current normal cut-off values for the Chicago classification are based on individuals aged 19-48 years and do not include older people. Here, we aimed to assess the normal values for the Chicago classification in individuals aged 20-67 years and compare the parameters across age groups. METHODS Fifty-four asymptomatic healthy individuals (27 male and 27 female; age range. 20-67 years) were prospectively enrolled. To evaluate the effect of age and sex on manometric profiles, we attempted to enroll equal numbers of male and female subjects for each decade. Manometry was performed in both the supine and sitting positions. KEY RESULTS The distal latency (DL) was significantly shorter with increasing age in both measurement positions. Furthermore, IRP was significantly higher with increasing age in both positions. Spearman's ranked correlation coefficient analysis indicated that DCI and IRP in both positions were positively correlated with age. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Age affects the key parameters currently used in the Chicago classification, including IRP, DCI, and DL. Larger prospective studies with older subjects are needed to determine the age-related normal values for the Chicago classification system.
Collapse
|
25
|
Sumner-Rooney LH, Murray JA, Cain SD, Sigwart JD. Do chitons have a compass? Evidence for magnetic sensitivity in Polyplacophora. J NAT HIST 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|