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Acharya M, Singh N, Gupta G, Tambuwala MM, Aljabali AAA, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Goyal R. Vitamin D, Calbindin, and calcium signaling: Unraveling the Alzheimer's connection. Cell Signal 2024; 116:111043. [PMID: 38211841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger that is indispensable in regulating neurotransmission and memory formation. A precise intracellular calcium level is achieved through the concerted action of calcium channels, and calcium exerts its effect by binding to an array of calcium-binding proteins, including calmodulin (CAM), calcium-calmodulin complex-dependent protein kinase-II (CAMK-II), calbindin (CAL), and calcineurin (CAN). Calbindin orchestrates a plethora of signaling events that regulate synaptic transmission and depolarizing signals. Vitamin D, an endogenous fat-soluble metabolite, is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet B radiation. It modulates calcium signaling by increasing the expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), stimulating phospholipase C activity, and regulating the expression of calcium channels such as TRPV6. Vitamin D also modulates the activity of calcium-binding proteins, including CAM and calbindin, and increases their expression. Calbindin, a high-affinity calcium-binding protein, is involved in calcium buffering and transport in neurons. It has been shown to inhibit apoptosis and caspase-3 activity stimulated by presenilin 1 and 2 in AD. Whereas CAM, another calcium-binding protein, is implicated in regulating neurotransmitter release and memory formation by phosphorylating CAN, CAMK-II, and other calcium-regulated proteins. CAMK-II and CAN regulate actin-induced spine shape changes, which are further modulated by CAM. Low levels of both calbindin and vitamin D are attributed to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Further research on vitamin D via calbindin-CAMK-II signaling may provide newer insights, revealing novel therapeutic targets and strategies for treatment.
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Ratneswaren T, Chan N, Aeron-Thomas J, Sait S, Adesalu O, Alhawamdeh M, Benger M, Garnham J, Dixon L, Tona F, McNamara C, Taylor E, Lobotesis K, Lim E, Goldberg O, Asmar N, Evbuomwan O, Banerjee S, Holm-Mercer L, Senor J, Tsitsiou Y, Tantrige P, Taha A, Ballal K, Mattar A, Daadipour A, Elfergani K, Barker R, Chakravartty R, Murchison AG, Kemp BJ, Simister R, Davagnanam I, Wong OY, Werring D, Banaras A, Anjari M, Mak JKC, Falzon AM, Rodrigues JCL, Thompson CAS, Haines IR, Burnett TA, Zaher REY, Reay VL, Banerjee M, Sew Hee CSL, Oo AP, Lo A, Rogers P, Hughes T, Marin A, Mukherjee S, Jaber H, Sanders E, Owen S, Bhandari M, Sundayi S, Bhagat A, Elsakka M, Hashmi OH, Lymbouris M, Gurung-Koney Y, Arshad M, Hasan I, Singh N, Patel V, Rahiminejad M, Booth TC. COVID-19 Stroke Apical Lung Examination Study 2: a national prospective CTA biomarker study of the lung apices, in patients presenting with suspected acute stroke (COVID SALES 2). Neuroimage Clin 2024; 42:103590. [PMID: 38513535 PMCID: PMC10966308 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apical ground-glass opacification (GGO) identified on CT angiography (CTA) performed for suspected acute stroke was developed in 2020 as a coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in a retrospective study during the first wave of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE To prospectively validate whether GGO on CTA performed for suspected acute stroke is a reliable COVID-19 diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and whether it is reliable for COVID-19 vaccinated patients. METHODS In this prospective, pragmatic, national, multi-center validation study performed at 13 sites, we captured study data consecutively in patients undergoing CTA for suspected acute stroke from January-March 2021. Demographic and clinical features associated with stroke and COVID-19 were incorporated. The primary outcome was the likelihood of reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction swab-test-confirmed COVID-19 using the GGO biomarker. Secondary outcomes investigated were functional status at discharge and survival analyses at 30 and 90 days. Univariate and multivariable statistical analyses were employed. RESULTS CTAs from 1,111 patients were analyzed, with apical GGO identified in 8.5 % during a period of high COVID-19 prevalence. GGO showed good inter-rater reliability (Fleiss κ = 0.77); and high COVID-19 specificity (93.7 %, 91.8-95.2) and negative predictive value (NPV; 97.8 %, 96.5-98.6). In subgroup analysis of vaccinated patients, GGO remained a good diagnostic biomarker (specificity 93.1 %, 89.8-95.5; NPV 99.7 %, 98.3-100.0). Patients with COVID-19 were more likely to have higher stroke score (NIHSS (mean +/- SD) 6.9 +/- 6.9, COVID-19 negative, 9.7 +/- 9.0, COVID-19 positive; p = 0.01), carotid occlusions (6.2 % negative, 14.9 % positive; p = 0.02), and larger infarcts on presentation CT (ASPECTS 9.4 +/- 1.5, COVID-19 negative, 8.6 +/- 2.4, COVID-19 positive; p = 0.00). After multivariable logistic regression, GGO (odds ratio 15.7, 6.2-40.1), myalgia (8.9, 2.1-38.2) and higher core body temperature (1.9, 1.1-3.2) were independent COVID-19 predictors. GGO was associated with worse functional outcome on discharge and worse survival after univariate analysis. However, after adjustment for factors including stroke severity, GGO was not independently predictive of functional outcome or mortality. CONCLUSION Apical GGO on CTA performed for patients with suspected acute stroke is a reliable diagnostic biomarker for COVID-19, which in combination with clinical features may be useful in COVID-19 triage.
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deBoer RJ, Febbraro M, Bardayan DW, Boomershine C, Brandenburg K, Brune C, Coil S, Couder M, Derkin J, Dede S, Fang R, Fritsch A, Gula A, Gyürky G, Hackett B, Hamad G, Jones-Alberty Y, Kelmar R, Manukyan K, Matney M, McDonaugh J, Meisel Z, Moylan S, Nattress J, Odell D, O'Malley P, Paris MW, Robertson D, Shahina, Singh N, Smith K, Smith MS, Stech E, Tan W, Wiescher M. Measurement of the ^{13}C(α, n_{0})^{16}O Differential Cross Section from 0.8 to 6.5 MeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:062702. [PMID: 38394565 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.062702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The cross section of the ^{13}C(α,n)^{16}O reaction is needed for nuclear astrophysics and applications to a precision of 10% or better, yet inconsistencies among 50 years of experimental studies currently lead to an uncertainty of ≈15%. Using a state-of-the-art neutron detection array, we have performed a high resolution differential cross section study covering a broad energy range. These measurements result in a dramatic improvement in the extrapolation of the cross section to stellar energies potentially reducing the uncertainty to ≈5% and resolving long standing discrepancies in higher energy data.
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Mala R, Malhotra S, Singh N, Gupta S, Upadhyay DA, Kapil A, Sood S. Deciphering Intermediate Nugent scores: Utility of Real-time PCR for Bacterial Vaginosis diagnosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:116152. [PMID: 38061216 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To optimize real-time PCR assays for diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) and determine cut-off loads by ROC analysis for Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae and Lactobacillus spp. as compared to Nugent scoring (Gold standard) in clinical samples. RESULTS Out of 125 women, 34 were positive, 26 intermediate and 65 negative for BV by Nugent scoring. All three real-time PCR assays were found to be highly sensitive & specific and AUC suggested excellent diagnostic accuracy. An optimal cut-off was >9.45 × 103 copies/ ml, >3.34 × 103 copies/ ml & ≤ 18.63 × 103 copies/ ml for G. vaginalis, A. vaginae and Lactobacillus spp. respectively, in BV positives. Gram staining and qPCR were discordant only in patients with intermediate scores (n = 26) where qPCR identified 15 (57.69%) as positive and 11 (42.3%) as negative. CONCLUSION PCR-based molecular BV diagnosis is more accurate and can be used for deciphering intermediate Nugent scores.
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Thomas HA, Singh N, Thomas AM, Masih S, Cherian JM, Varghese KG. Effect of protective coating agents on microleakage and flexural strength of glass ionomer cement and zirconomer. an in vitro study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2024; 25:57-63. [PMID: 37991624 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to assess the microleakage and flexural strength of glass ionomer cement (GIC) and modified GIC (Zirconomer) when coated with protective coating agents such as COAT-IT and G-COAT plus. METHODS Sixty tooth specimens were grouped into two groups based on the type of restorations (GIC (n = 30) and Zirconomer (n = 30)). The samples were further divided into three subgroups (n = 10) based on the protective coating agent (Petroleum jelly, G-COAT Plus, or COAT IT) applied. This study evaluated the microleakage at the occlusal and cervical margins of class V restoration after being subjected to dye penetration and sectioning. Each specimen was viewed under a 40 × microscope and was given scores based on the depth of dye penetration. They were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and compared within the groups using the Mann- Whitney Test. In addition, flexural strength was assessed using standardized cuboid (25 × 2 × 2 mm) specimens of restorative materials with and without protective coating agents. The mean flexural strength data of all the subgroups were statistically evaluated using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and compared within the subgroups using the student t test. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was found when occlusal margin microleakage scores were evaluated with G-COAT Plus demonstrating the lowest occlusal margin microleakage when applied over GIC restoration. The increasing order of occlusal margin microleakage scores is as follows: GIC with G-COAT Plus, Zirconomer with COAT-IT, GIC with COAT-IT, GIC, Zirconomer with G-COAT Plus, and Zirconomer. However, the cervical margin microleakage scores revealed no significant difference. While flexural strength was found to be highest for the GIC group coated with G-COAT Plus, it was observed that there was a significant improvement in the flexural strength of both GIC and Zirconomer when coated with either of the protective coating agents. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it was observed that the application of protective coating agents can significantly reduce the potential microleakage and improve the flexural strength of the restorative material especially when zirconia-reinforced GIC is the restorative material.
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Smith AL, Smit AK, Laginha BI, Singh N, Gallo B, Martin L, Cust AE. Implementing systematic melanoma risk assessment and risk-tailored surveillance in a skin cancer focussed dermatology clinic: A qualitative study of feasibility and acceptability to patients and clinic staff. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6976. [PMID: 38379327 PMCID: PMC10839129 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND International bodies recommend that melanoma risk assessment should be integrated into skin cancer care provision, but evidence to support implementation is lacking. AIM To explore the acceptability and feasibility of implementing personalised melanoma risk assessment and tailored patient education and skin surveillance within routine clinical care. METHODS This prospective qualitative implementation study was informed by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA). Personalised, systematic melanoma risk assessment was implemented in the dermatology clinic at the Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia February-May 2021. Pre- and post-implementation observations and semi-structured interviews with patients and staff were conducted (September 2020-March 2021). Observational notes and interview transcript data were analysed thematically using the TFA as a classifying framework. RESULTS A total of 37 h of observations were made, and 29 patients and 12 clinic staff were interviewed. We found that the delivery of personalised melanoma risk estimates did not impact on patient flow through the clinic. Dermatologists reported that the personalised risk information enhanced their confidence in assessing patient risk and recommending tailored surveillance schedules. Most patients reported that the risk assessment and tailored information were a beneficial addition to their care. Among patients whose risk deviated from their expectations, some reported feeling worried, confused or mistrust in the risk information, including those at lower risk who were recommended to decrease surveillance frequency. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible and acceptable to patients and clinic staff to calculate and deliver personalised melanoma risk information and tailored surveillance as part of routine clinical care within dermatology clinics.
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Acernese F, Agathos M, Ain A, Albanesi S, Alléné C, Allocca A, Amato A, Amra C, Andia M, Andrade T, Andres N, Andrés-Carcasona M, Andrić T, Ansoldi S, Antier S, Apostolatos T, Appavuravther EZ, Arène M, Arnaud N, Assiduo M, Melo SADS, Astone P, Aubin F, Babak S, Badaracco F, Bagnasco S, Baird J, Baka T, Ballardin G, Baltus G, Banerjee B, Barneo P, Barone F, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Basti A, Bawaj M, Bazzan M, Beirnaert F, Bejger M, Benedetto V, Berbel M, Bernuzzi S, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Bhardwaj U, Bianchi A, Bilicki M, Bini S, Bischi M, Bitossi M, Bizouard MA, Bobba F, Boër M, Bogaert G, Boileau G, Boldrini M, Bonavena LD, Bondarescu R, Bondu F, Bonnand R, Boschi V, Boudart V, Bouffanais Y, Bozzi A, Bradaschia C, Braglia M, Branchesi M, Breschi M, Briant T, Brillet A, Brooks J, Bruno G, Bucci F, Bulashenko O, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buscicchio R, Buskulic D, Buy C, Cabras G, Cabrita R, Cagnoli G, Calloni E, Canepa M, Santoro GC, Cannavacciuolo M, Capocasa E, Carapella G, Carbognani F, Carpinelli M, Carullo G, Diaz JC, Casentini C, Caudill S, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cerdá-Durán P, Cesarini E, Chaibi W, Chanial P, Chassande-Mottin E, Chaty S, Chessa P, Chiadini F, Chiarini G, Chierici R, Chincarini A, Chiofalo ML, Chiummo A, Christensen N, Chua S, Ciani G, Ciecielag P, Cieślar M, Cifaldi M, Ciolfi R, Clesse S, Cleva F, Coccia E, Codazzo E, Cohadon PF, Colombo A, Colpi M, Conti L, Cordero-Carrión I, Corezzi S, Cortese S, Coulon JP, Coupechoux JF, Croquette M, Cudell JR, Cuoco E, Curyło M, Dabadie P, Canton TD, Dall'Osso S, Dálya G, D'Angelo B, Dangoisse G, Danilishin S, D'Antonio S, Dattilo V, Davier M, Degallaix J, De Laurentis M, Deléglise S, De Lillo F, Dell'Aquila D, Del Pozzo W, De Matteis F, Depasse A, De Pietri R, De Rosa R, De Rossi C, De Simone R, Di Fiore L, Di Giorgio C, Di Giovanni F, Di Giovanni M, Di Girolamo T, Diksha D, Di Lieto A, Di Michele A, Ding J, Di Pace S, Di Palma I, Di Renzo F, D'Onofrio L, Dooney T, Dorosh O, Drago M, Ducoin JG, Dupletsa U, Durante O, D'Urso D, Duverne PA, Eisenmann M, Errico L, Estevez D, Fabrizi F, Faedi F, Fafone V, Favaro G, Fays M, Fenyvesi E, Ferrante I, Fidecaro F, Figura P, Fiori A, Fiori I, Fittipaldi R, Fiumara V, Flaminio R, Font JA, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Freise A, Freitas O, Fronzé GG, Gadre B, Gamba R, Garaventa B, Garcia-Bellido J, Gargiulo J, Garufi F, Gasbarra C, Gemme G, Gennai A, Ghosh A, Giacoppo L, Giri P, Gissi F, Gkaitatzis S, Glotin F, Goncharov B, Gosselin M, Gouaty R, Grado A, Granata M, Granata V, Greco G, Grignani G, Grimaldi A, Guerra D, Guetta D, Guidi GM, Gulminelli F, Guo Y, Gupta P, Gutierrez N, Haegel L, Halim O, Hannuksela O, Harder T, Haris K, Harmark T, Harms J, Haskell B, Heidmann A, Heitmann H, Hello P, Hemming G, Hennes E, Hennig JS, Hennig M, Hild S, Hofman D, Holland NA, Hui V, Iandolo GA, Idzkowski B, Iess A, Iorio G, Iosif P, Jacqmin T, Jacquet PE, Janquart J, Janssens K, Jaraba S, Jaranowski P, Jasal P, Juste V, Kalaghatgi C, Karathanasis C, Katsanevas S, Kéfélian F, Koekoek G, Koley S, Kolstein M, Kranzhoff SL, Królak A, Kuijer P, Kuroyanagi S, Lagabbe P, Laghi D, Lalleman M, Lamberts A, La Rana A, La Rosa I, Lartaux-Vollard A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Lemaître A, Lenti M, Leonova E, Lequime M, Leroy N, Letendre N, Lethuillier M, Leyde K, Linde F, London L, Longo A, Portilla ML, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Losurdo G, Lumaca D, Macquet A, Magazzù C, Maggiore R, Magnozzi M, Majorana E, Man N, Mangano V, Mantovani M, Mapelli M, Marchesoni F, Pina DM, Marion F, Marquina A, Marsat S, Martelli F, Martinez M, Martinez V, Masserot A, Mastrodicasa M, Mastrogiovanni S, Meijer Q, Menendez-Vazquez A, Mereni L, Merzougui M, Miani A, Michel C, Miller A, Miller B, Milotti E, Minenkov Y, Mir LM, Miravet-Tenés M, Mitchell AL, Mondal C, Montani M, Morawski F, Morras G, Moscatello A, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Msihid E, Muciaccia F, Mukherjee S, Nagar A, Napolano V, Nardecchia I, Narola H, Naticchioni L, Neilson J, Nesseris S, Nguyen C, Nieradka G, Nissanke S, Nitoglia E, Nocera F, Novak J, No Siles JFN, Oertel M, Oganesyan G, Oliveri R, Orselli M, Palomba C, Pang PTH, Pannarale F, Paoletti F, Paoli A, Paolone A, Pappas G, Parisi A, Pascucci D, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Patricelli B, Pedurand R, Pegna R, Pegoraro M, Perego A, Pereira A, Périgois C, Perreca A, Perriès S, Perry JW, Pesios D, Petrillo C, Phukon KS, Piccinni OJ, Pichot M, Piendibene M, Piergiovanni F, Pierini L, Pierra G, Pierro V, Pillant G, Pillas M, Pilo F, Pinard L, Pinto IM, Pinto M, Pinto M, Piotrzkowski K, Placidi A, Placidi E, Plastino W, Poggiani R, Polini E, Porcelli E, Portell J, Porter EK, Poulton R, Pracchia M, Pradier T, Principe M, Prodi GA, Prosposito P, Puecher A, Punturo M, Puosi F, Puppo P, Raaijmakers G, Radulesco N, Rapagnani P, Razzano M, Regimbau T, Rei L, Rettegno P, Revenu B, Reza A, Rezaei AS, Ricci F, Rinaldi S, Robinet F, Rocchi A, Rolland L, Romanelli M, Romano R, Romero A, Ronchini S, Rosa L, Rosińska D, Roy S, Rozza D, Ruggi P, Morales ER, Saffarieh P, Salafia OS, Salconi L, Salemi F, Sallé M, Samajdar A, Sanchis-Gual N, Sanuy A, Sasli A, Sassi P, Sassolas B, Sayah S, Schmidt S, Seglar-Arroyo M, Sentenac D, Sequino V, Servignat G, Setyawati Y, Shcheblanov NS, Sieniawska M, Silenzi L, Singh N, Singha A, Sipala V, Soldateschi J, Sordini V, Sorrentino F, Sorrentino N, Soulard R, Spagnuolo V, Spera M, Spinicelli P, Stachie C, Steer DA, Steinlechner J, Steinlechner S, Stergioulas N, Stratta G, Suchenek M, Sur A, Suresh J, Swinkels BL, Syx A, Szewczyk P, Tacca M, Tamanini N, Tanasijczuk AJ, Martín ENTS, Taranto C, Tonelli M, Torres-Forné A, E Melo IT, Tournefier E, Trapananti A, Travasso F, Trenado J, Tringali MC, Troiano L, Trovato A, Trozzo L, Tsang KW, Turbang K, Turconi M, Turski C, Ubach H, Utina A, Valentini M, Vallero S, van Bakel N, van Beuzekom M, van Dael M, van den Brand JFJ, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys M, Van de Walle A, van Dongen J, van Haevermaet H, van Heijningen JV, van Ranst Z, van Remortel N, Vardaro M, Vasúth M, Vedovato G, Verdier P, Verkindt D, Verma P, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Vinet JY, Viret S, Virtuoso A, Vocca H, Walet RC, Was M, Yadav N, Zadrożny A, Zelenova T, Zendri JP, Zhao Y, Zerrad M, Vahlbruch H, Mehmet M, Lück H, Danzmann K. Frequency-Dependent Squeezed Vacuum Source for the Advanced Virgo Gravitational-Wave Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:041403. [PMID: 37566847 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.041403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we present the design and performance of the frequency-dependent squeezed vacuum source that will be used for the broadband quantum noise reduction of the Advanced Virgo Plus gravitational-wave detector in the upcoming observation run. The frequency-dependent squeezed field is generated by a phase rotation of a frequency-independent squeezed state through a 285 m long, high-finesse, near-detuned optical resonator. With about 8.5 dB of generated squeezing, up to 5.6 dB of quantum noise suppression has been measured at high frequency while close to the filter cavity resonance frequency, the intracavity losses limit this value to about 2 dB. Frequency-dependent squeezing is produced with a rotation frequency stability of about 6 Hz rms, which is maintained over the long term. The achieved results fulfill the frequency dependent squeezed vacuum source requirements for Advanced Virgo Plus. With the current squeezing source, considering also the estimated squeezing degradation induced by the interferometer, we expect a reduction of the quantum shot noise and radiation pressure noise of up to 4.5 dB and 2 dB, respectively.
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Chauhan R, Singh N, Reddy A, Singh A. The role of dexmedetomidine in post cranioplasty refractory status epilepticus. Anaesth Rep 2023; 11:e12246. [PMID: 37736063 PMCID: PMC10511152 DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranioplasty, specifically a repair of the skull defect resulting from a previous decompressive craniectomy, is a relatively simple procedure associated with a minimal rate of complications. Even though seizures are seen in up to 30% of the patients postoperatively, status epilepticus is not commonly described. Cerebral oedema, ischaemia and neuro-inflammation have been reported as putative causes of seizures in this population. Here, we report a case of refractory status epilepticus unresponsive to standard anti-epileptic and anaesthetic agents. The use of dexmedetomidine helped terminate the episode and led to a favourable outcome. Most of the standard anti-epileptic and anaesthetic agents act through potentiation of GABAergic transmission or sodium channel blockade and postsynaptic adrenoceptor activation by dexmedetomidine may help potentiate their effect. Further studies are needed to investigate its anticonvulsant effect on post-traumatic brain injury and elaborate on optimal dosage.
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Zhu K, Bala F, Zhang J, Benali F, Cimflova P, Kim BJ, McDonough R, Singh N, Hill MD, Goyal M, Demchuk A, Menon BK, Qiu W. Automated Segmentation of Intracranial Thrombus on NCCT and CTA in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Using a Coarse-to-Fine Deep Learning Model. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:641-648. [PMID: 37202113 PMCID: PMC10249699 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Identifying the presence and extent of intracranial thrombi is crucial in selecting patients with acute ischemic stroke for treatment. This article aims to develop an automated approach to quantify thrombus on NCCT and CTA in patients with stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 499 patients with large-vessel occlusion from the Safety and Efficacy of Nerinetide in Subjects Undergoing Endovascular Thrombectomy for Stroke (ESCAPE-NA1) trial were included. All patients had thin-section NCCT and CTA images. Thrombi contoured manually were used as reference standard. A deep learning approach was developed to segment thrombi automatically. Of 499 patients, 263 and 66 patients were randomly selected to train and validate the deep learning model, respectively; the remaining 170 patients were independently used for testing. The deep learning model was quantitatively compared with the reference standard using the Dice coefficient and volumetric error. The proposed deep learning model was externally tested on 83 patients with and without large-vessel occlusion from another independent trial. RESULTS The developed deep learning approach obtained a Dice coefficient of 70.7% (interquartile range, 58.0%-77.8%) in the internal cohort. The predicted thrombi length and volume were correlated with those of expert-contoured thrombi (r = 0.88 and 0.87, respectively; P < .001). When the derived deep learning model was applied to the external data set, the model obtained similar results in patients with large-vessel occlusion regarding the Dice coefficient (66.8%; interquartile range, 58.5%-74.6%), thrombus length (r = 0.73), and volume (r = 0.80). The model also obtained a sensitivity of 94.12% (32/34) and a specificity of 97.96% (48/49) in classifying large-vessel occlusion versus non-large-vessel occlusion. CONCLUSIONS The proposed deep learning method can reliably detect and measure thrombi on NCCT and CTA in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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Zobair THA, Singh N, Alameen MAS, Said-Hartley Q, Lephoi M, Raine RI. Abnormal chest radiograph in an asymptomatic young man - what is the differential diagnosis? Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med 2023; 29:29. [PMID: 37818208 PMCID: PMC10561714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
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Damaraju V, Singh N, Garg M, Kathirvel S, Basher RK, Grover S, Kalra N, Prasad KT. Effect of prior pulmonary TB on low-dose computed tomography during lung cancer screening. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023; 27:223-225. [PMID: 36855039 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
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Mourya H, Garud N, Joshi R, Akram W, Singh N. Formulation and Optimization of Propranolol Bilayer Tablets: A Potential Approach for Effective Management of Hypertension. Indian J Pharm Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
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Singh N, Miller R, Arbe-Barnes S, Kvalheim Eriksen H, Inderberg E, Iverson B, Eriksen J. 184P A phase I study of the cancer-specific vaccine FMPV-1 in healthy male subjects to assess safety and immune response. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Das P, Arora S, Sharma P, Nath SK, Sivasami K, Singh GK, Bahuguna A, Sapra D, Singh N, Sharma AK, Verma P, Bellad P, Gupta A, G B P, Ranjan Das DS. Gastrointestinal: IgA vasculitis as a rare cause of acute pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:2027. [PMID: 35315539 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Evenden R, Singh N, Sornalingam S, Harrington S, Paudyal P. Language barriers for primary care access in Europe: a systematic review. Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:ckac129.724. [PMCID: PMC9594485 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A recent increase in migration both inside Europe and from non-European countries has expanded the language profile of many European countries. As a result, there has been a significant increase in barriers to healthcare access experienced by linguistic minority migrants. This systematic review aims to explore language barriers in primary care, focusing on the experiences of linguistic minority migrants living in Europe. Methods PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Global Health were searched to identify studies published in English until May 2021. Qualitative and mixed methods studies on either linguistic minority migrants or healthcare workers working with linguistic minority migrants, exploring the impacts of language barriers in a primary care setting published were eligible. The studies were analysed using a Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis approach. Quality of the studies were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results 16 studies from 14 different European countries were eligible. Participants in the studies included four groups: linguistic minority migrants (n = 11), healthcare workers (n = 10), interpreters (n = 1) and administrative staff (n = 1). Barriers identified included a lack of interpreters, limited cultural competence of practitioners, a lack of practitioner training and knowledge, a lack of accessible information for migrants, difficulties expressing emotions and building patient-practitioner relationships, and risks to women's bodily autonomy resulting from language barriers. Conclusions Linguistic minority migrants living in Europe face a number of barriers when accessing primary care. These barriers can risk patient safety, reduce the likelihood of seeking healthcare services, and impact patient experiences of healthcare services. There is a need for improved interpreter services, practitioner training, and information accessibility for both migrants and healthcare staff. Key messages • Linguistic minority migrants experience significant barriers to primary healthcare access across Europe. • There is a need for improved interpreter services, practitioner training, and information accessibility for both migrants and healthcare staff.
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Abbott R, Abe H, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adhikari N, Adhikari R, Adkins V, Adya V, Affeldt C, Agarwal D, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar O, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Akutsu T, Albanesi S, Alfaidi R, Allocca A, Altin P, Amato A, Anand C, Anand S, Ananyeva A, Anderson S, Anderson W, Ando M, Andrade T, Andres N, Andrés-Carcasona M, Andrić T, Angelova S, Ansoldi S, Antelis J, Antier S, Apostolatos T, Appavuravther E, Appert S, Apple S, Arai K, Araya A, Araya M, Areeda J, Arène M, Aritomi N, Arnaud N, Arogeti M, Aronson S, Arun K, Asada H, Asali Y, Ashton G, Aso Y, Assiduo M, Melo SADS, Aston S, Astone P, Aubin F, AultONeal K, Austin C, Babak S, Badaracco F, Bader M, Badger C, Bae S, Bae Y, Baer A, Bagnasco S, Bai Y, Baird J, Bajpai R, Baka T, Ball M, Ballardin G, Ballmer S, Balsamo A, Baltus G, Banagiri S, Banerjee B, Bankar D, Barayoga J, Barbieri C, Barish B, Barker D, Barneo P, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Barton M, Bartos I, Basak S, Bassiri R, Basti A, Bawaj M, Bayley J, Mills J, Milotti E, Minenkov Y, Mio N, Mir L, Miravet-Tenés M, Mishkin A, Mishra C, Mishra T, Mistry T, Bazzan M, Mitra S, Mitrofanov V, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Miyo K, Miyoki S, Mo G, Modafferi L, Moguel E, Becher B, Mogushi K, Mohapatra S, Mohite S, Molina I, Molina-Ruiz M, Mondin M, Montani M, Moore C, Moragues J, Moraru D, Bécsy B, Morawski F, More A, Moreno C, Moreno G, Mori Y, Morisaki S, Morisue N, Moriwaki Y, Mours B, Mow-Lowry C, Bedakihale V, Mozzon S, Muciaccia F, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee D, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee S, Mukund N, Mullavey A, Munch J, Beirnaert F, Muñiz E, Murray P, Musenich R, Muusse S, Nadji S, Nagano K, Nagar A, Nakamura K, Nakano H, Nakano M, Bejger M, Nakayama Y, Napolano V, Nardecchia I, Narikawa T, Narola H, Naticchioni L, Nayak B, Nayak R, Neil B, Neilson J, Belahcene I, Nelson A, Nelson T, Nery M, Neubauer P, Neunzert A, Ng K, Ng S, Nguyen C, Nguyen P, Nguyen T, Benedetto V, Quynh LN, Ni J, Ni WT, Nichols S, Nishimoto T, Nishizawa A, Nissanke S, Nitoglia E, Nocera F, Norman M, Beniwal D, North C, Nozaki S, Nurbek G, Nuttall L, Obayashi Y, Oberling J, O’Brien B, O’Dell J, Oelker E, Ogaki W, Benjamin M, Oganesyan G, Oh J, Oh K, Oh S, Ohashi M, Ohashi T, Ohkawa M, Ohme F, Ohta H, Okada M, Bennett T, Okutani Y, Olivetto C, Oohara K, Oram R, O’Reilly B, Ormiston R, Ormsby N, O’Shaughnessy R, O’Shea E, Oshino S, Bentley J, Ossokine S, Osthelder C, Otabe S, Ottaway D, Overmier H, Pace A, Pagano G, Pagano R, Page M, Pagliaroli G, BenYaala M, Pai A, Pai S, Pal S, Palamos J, Palashov O, Palomba C, Pan H, Pan KC, Panda P, Pang P, Bera S, Pankow C, Pannarale F, Pant B, Panther F, Paoletti F, Paoli A, Paolone A, Pappas G, Parisi A, Park H, Berbel M, Park J, Parker W, Pascucci D, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Patel M, Pathak M, Patricelli B, Patron A, Bergamin F, Paul S, Payne E, Pedraza M, Pedurand R, Pegoraro M, Pele A, Arellano FP, Penano S, Penn S, Perego A, Berger B, Pereira A, Pereira T, Perez C, Périgois C, Perkins C, Perreca A, Perriès S, Pesios D, Petermann J, Petterson D, Bernuzzi S, Pfeiffer H, Pham H, Pham K, Phukon K, Phurailatpam H, Piccinni O, Pichot M, Piendibene M, Piergiovanni F, Pierini L, Bersanetti D, Pierro V, Pillant G, Pillas M, Pilo F, Pinard L, Pineda-Bosque C, Pinto I, Pinto M, Piotrzkowski B, Piotrzkowski K, Bertolini A, Pirello M, Pitkin M, Placidi A, Placidi E, Planas M, Plastino W, Pluchar C, Poggiani R, Polini E, Pong D, Betzwieser J, Ponrathnam S, Porter E, Poulton R, Poverman A, Powell J, Pracchia M, Pradier T, Prajapati A, Prasai K, Prasanna R, Beveridge D, Pratten G, Principe M, Prodi G, Prokhorov L, Prosposito P, Prudenzi L, Puecher A, Punturo M, Puosi F, Puppo P, Bhandare R, Pürrer M, Qi H, Quartey N, Quetschke V, Quinonez P, Quitzow-James R, Raab F, Raaijmakers G, Radkins H, Radulesco N, Bhandari A, Raffai P, Rail S, Raja S, Rajan C, Ramirez K, Ramirez T, Ramos-Buades A, Rana J, Rapagnani P, Ray A, Bhardwaj U, 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S, Schnabel R, Schneewind M, Schofield R, Schönbeck A, Birnholtz O, Schulte B, Schutz B, Schwartz E, Scott J, Scott S, Seglar-Arroyo M, Sekiguchi Y, Sellers D, Sengupta A, Sentenac D, Biscans S, Seo E, Sequino V, Sergeev A, Setyawati Y, Shaffer T, Shahriar M, Shaikh M, Shams B, Shao L, Sharma A, Bischi M, Sharma P, Shawhan P, Shcheblanov N, Sheela A, Shikano Y, Shikauchi M, Shimizu H, Shimode K, Shinkai H, Shishido T, Biscoveanu S, Shoda A, Shoemaker D, Shoemaker D, ShyamSundar S, Sieniawska M, Sigg D, Silenzi L, Singer L, Singh D, Singh M, Bisht A, Singh N, Singha A, Sintes A, Sipala V, Skliris V, Slagmolen B, Slaven-Blair T, Smetana J, Smith J, Smith L, Biswas B, Smith R, Soldateschi J, Somala S, Somiya K, Song I, Soni K, Soni S, Sordini V, Sorrentino F, Sorrentino N, Bitossi M, Soulard R, Souradeep T, Sowell E, Spagnuolo V, Spencer A, Spera M, Spinicelli P, Srivastava A, Srivastava V, Staats K, Bizouard MA, Stachie C, Stachurski F, Steer D, Steinlechner J, Steinlechner S, 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H, Fairhurst S, Fan P, Farah A, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr W, Fauchon-Jones E, Favaro G, Favata M, Fays M, Fazio M, Feicht J, Fejer M, Fenyvesi E, Ferguson D, Fernandez-Galiana A, Ferrante I, Ferreira T, Fidecaro F, Figura P, Fiori A, Fiori I, Fishbach M, Fisher R, Fittipaldi R, Fiumara V, Flaminio R, Floden E, Fong H, Font J, Fornal B, Forsyth P, Franke A, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Freed J, Frei Z, Freise A, Freitas O, Frey R, Fritschel P, Frolov V, Fronzé G, Fujii Y, Fujikawa Y, Fujimoto Y, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gabbard H, Gabella W, Gadre B, Gair J, Gais J, Galaudage S, Gamba R, Ganapathy D, Ganguly A, Gao D, Gaonkar S, Garaventa B, Núñez CG, García-Quirós C, Garufi F, Gateley B, Gayathri V, Ge GG, Gemme G, Gennai A, George J, Gerberding O, Gergely L, Gewecke P, Ghonge S, Ghosh A, Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Ghosh T, Giacomazzo B, Giacoppo L, Giaime J, Giardina K, Gibson D, Gier C, Giesler M, Giri P, Gissi F, Gkaitatzis S, Glanzer J, Gleckl A, Godwin P, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gohlke N, Golomb J, 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Kanner J, Kao Y, Kapadia S, Kapasi D, Karathanasis C, Karki S, Kashyap R, Kasprzack M, Kastaun W, Kato T, Katsanevas S, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaur T, Kawabe K, Kawaguchi K, Kéfélian F, Keitel D, Key J, Khadka S, Khalili F, Khan S, Khanam T, Khazanov E, Khetan N, Khursheed M, Kijbunchoo N, Kim A, Kim C, Kim J, Kim J, Kim K, Kim W, Kim YM, Kimball C, Kimura N, Kinley-Hanlon M, Kirchhoff R, Kissel J, Klimenko S, Klinger T, Knee A, Knowles T, Knust N, Knyazev E, Kobayashi Y, Koch P, Koekoek G, Kohri K, Kokeyama K, Koley S, Kolitsidou P, Kolstein M, Komori K, Kondrashov V, Kong A, Kontos A, Koper N, Korobko M, Kovalam M, Koyama N, Kozak D, Kozakai C, Kringel V, Krishnendu N, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kuei F, Kuijer P, Kulkarni S, Kumar A, Kumar P, Kumar R, Kumar R, Kume J, Kuns K, Kuromiya Y, Kuroyanagi S, Kwak K, Lacaille G, Lagabbe P, Laghi D, Lalande E, Lalleman M, Lam T, Lamberts A, Landry M, Lane B, Lang R, Lange J, Lantz B, La Rosa I, Lartaux-Vollard A, Lasky P, Laxen M, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, LeBohec S, Lecoeuche Y, Lee E, Lee H, Lee H, Lee K, Lee R, Legred I, Lehmann J, Lemaître A, Lenti M, Leonardi M, Leonova E, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levesque C, Levin Y, Leviton J, Leyde K, Li A, Li B, Li J, Li K, Li P, Li T, Li X, Lin CY, Lin E, Lin FK, Lin FL, Lin H, Lin LC, Linde F, Linker S, Linley J, Littenberg T, Liu G, Liu J, Liu K, Liu X, Llamas F, Lo R, Lo T, London L, Longo A, Lopez D, Portilla ML, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lott T, Lough J, Lousto C, Lovelace G, Lucaccioni J, Lück H, Lumaca D, Lundgren A, Luo LW, Lynam J, Ma’arif M, Macas R, Machtinger J, MacInnis M, Macleod D, MacMillan I, Macquet A, Hernandez IM, Magazzù C, Magee R, Maggiore R, Magnozzi M, Mahesh S, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Maliakal S, Malik A, Man N, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mansell G, Manske M, Mantovani M, Mapelli M, Marchesoni F, Pina DM, Marion F, Mark Z, Márka S, Márka Z, Markakis C, Markosyan A, Markowitz A, Maros E, Marquina A, Marsat S, Martelli F, Martin I, Martin R, Martinez M, Martinez V, Martinez V, Martinovic K, Martynov D, Marx E, Masalehdan H, Mason K, Massera E, Masserot A, Masso-Reid M, Mastrogiovanni S, Matas A, Mateu-Lucena M, Matichard F, Matiushechkina M, Mavalvala N, McCann J, McCarthy R, McClelland D, McClincy P, McCormick S, McCuller L, McGhee G, McGuire S, McIsaac C, McIver J, McRae T, McWilliams S, Meacher D, Mehmet M, Mehta A, Meijer Q, Melatos A, Melchor D, Mendell G, Menendez-Vazquez A, Menoni C, Mercer R, Mereni L, Merfeld K, Merilh E, Merritt J, Merzougui M, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Messick C, Meyers P, Meylahn F, Mhaske A, Miani A, Miao H, Michaloliakos I, Michel C, Michimura Y, Middleton H, Mihaylov D, Milano L, Miller A, Miller A, Miller B, Millhouse M. Search for continuous gravitational wave emission from the Milky Way center in O3 LIGO-Virgo data. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.042003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Toland K, Tolley AE, Tonelli M, Torres-Forné A, Torrie CI, E Melo IT, Töyrä D, Trapananti A, Travasso F, Traylor G, Trevor M, Tringali MC, Tripathee A, Troiano L, Trovato A, Trozzo L, Trudeau RJ, Tsai DS, Tsai D, Tsang KW, Tse M, Tso R, Tsukada L, Tsuna D, Tsutsui T, Turbang K, Turconi M, Ubhi AS, Udall RP, Ueno K, Unnikrishnan CS, Urban AL, Utina A, Vahlbruch H, Vajente G, Vajpeyi A, Valdes G, Valentini M, Valsan V, van Bakel N, van Beuzekom M, van den Brand JFJ, Van Den Broeck C, Vander-Hyde DC, van der Schaaf L, van Heijningen JV, Vanosky J, van Remortel N, Vardaro M, Vargas AF, Varma V, Vasúth M, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Venneberg J, Venugopalan G, Verkindt D, Verma P, Verma Y, Veske D, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Vidyant S, Viets AD, Vijaykumar A, Villa-Ortega V, Vinet JY, Virtuoso A, Vitale S, Vo T, Vocca H, von Reis ERG, von Wrangel JSA, Vorvick C, Vyatchanin SP, Wade LE, Wade M, Wagner KJ, Walet RC, Walker M, Wallace GS, Wallace L, Walsh S, Wang JZ, Wang WH, Ward RL, Warner J, Was M, Washington NY, Watchi J, Weaver B, Webster SA, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Weller CM, Wellmann F, Wen L, Weßels P, Wette K, Whelan JT, White DD, Whiting BF, Whittle C, Wilken D, Williams D, Williams MJ, Williamson AR, Willis JL, Willke B, Wilson DJ, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wlodarczyk T, Woan G, Woehler J, Wofford JK, Wong ICF, Wu DS, Wysocki DM, Xiao L, Yamamoto H, Yang FW, Yang L, Yang Y, Yang Z, Yap MJ, Yeeles DW, Yelikar AB, Ying M, Yoo J, Yu H, Yu H, Zadrożny A, Zanolin M, Zelenova T, Zendri JP, Zevin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Zhao G, Zhao Y, Zhou R, Zhou Z, Zhu XJ, Zimmerman AB, Zucker ME, Zweizig J, Jeong D, Shandera S. Search for Subsolar-Mass Binaries in the First Half of Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's Third Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:061104. [PMID: 36018635 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.061104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on a search for compact binary coalescences where at least one binary component has a mass between 0.2 M_{⊙} and 1.0 M_{⊙} in Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo data collected between 1 April 2019 1500 UTC and 1 October 2019 1500 UTC. We extend our previous analyses in two main ways: we include data from the Virgo detector and we allow for more unequal mass systems, with mass ratio q≥0.1. We do not report any gravitational-wave candidates. The most significant trigger has a false alarm rate of 0.14 yr^{-1}. This implies an upper limit on the merger rate of subsolar binaries in the range [220-24200] Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}, depending on the chirp mass of the binary. We use this upper limit to derive astrophysical constraints on two phenomenological models that could produce subsolar-mass compact objects. One is an isotropic distribution of equal-mass primordial black holes. Using this model, we find that the fraction of dark matter in primordial black holes in the mass range 0.2 M_{⊙}<m_{PBH}<1.0 M_{⊙} is f_{PBH}≡Ω_{PBH}/Ω_{DM}≲6%. This improves existing constraints on primordial black hole abundance by a factor of ∼3. The other is a dissipative dark matter model, in which fermionic dark matter can collapse and form black holes. The upper limit on the fraction of dark matter black holes depends on the minimum mass of the black holes that can be formed: the most constraining result is obtained at M_{min}=1 M_{⊙}, where f_{DBH}≡Ω_{DBH}/Ω_{DM}≲0.003%. These are the first constraints placed on dissipative dark models by subsolar-mass analyses.
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Park S, Hippe D, Zawacki L, Bierma M, Bhatia S, Zaba L, Nghiem P, Singh N. 179 Merkel cell carcinoma recurrence risk is lower in patients with autoimmune disease than in those with other types of immune suppression. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Singh N, Jahan P, Vijay P, Phuleria H, Krutmann J, Schikowski T. 226 Evidence for a role of ambient temperature on skin aging: A cross-sectional analysis from three metropolitan cities of India. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Singh N, Rai A, Maharaj A, Gladstone D, Verma S, Moody A. 525 Should We Look For High-Risk Carotid Plaques In Patients With Coronary Artery Calcium? J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2022.06.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kashyap A, Singh N, Malhotra N, Mahey R, Perumal V, Vatsa R, Patel G, Saini M. O-292 Comparison of effect of two different trigger regimens; single (hCG) versus dual (hCG + Leuprolide) on outcome of fresh IVF cycles: A randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod 2022. [PMCID: PMC9384440 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac106.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Does adding gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) to hCG trigger increases the number of high-grade embryos in GnRH antagonist protocol in fresh non-donor IVF?
Summary answer
Final oocyte maturation triggered by dual trigger increases the number of MII oocytes thus transferring good-quality embryos and cryopreserving surplus embryos compared to hCG trigger.
What is known already
hCG has been conventionally used as a ‘faux’ LH surge to bring about final oocyte maturation due to structural similarity between the two. GnRH agonist, on the other hand, induces a more physiological gonadotropin surge for follicular maturation, but is associated with luteal phase deficiency. Recent studies have shown that combining GnRHa with hCG trigger improves oocyte maturation and embryo quality with the added benefit of a luteal phase support, thereby improving IVF outcomes in terms of both embryological and reproductive outcomes.
Study design, size, duration
A single-center, open labelled, randomized controlled trial including 100 normal responder patients between 21-38 years undergoing IVF using GnRH antagonist protocol between January 2020 to August 2021. The study excluded patients with the presence of other variables of adverse outcomes like diminished ovarian reserve (AFC < 5 or AMH < 1.2 ng/ml), endocrine disorders, thin endometrium (<6mm), previous history of uterine surgeries, and high responders.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
100 patients undergoing fresh IVF cycle using GnRH antagonist protocol were randomized after informed consent to receive either dual trigger (Leuprolide acetate 1 mg + rhCG 250 mcg, n = 50) or single hCG trigger (rhCG 250 mcg, n = 50). Oocyte retrieval was done 35-37 hours after trigger followed by IVF/ICSI, as indicated. Oocyte and embryo grading was done using Istanbul consensus. Analysis was done by ITT. Outcomes were analyzed using Independent t-test and Chi-square test.
Main results and the role of chance
The baseline characteristics were comparable in both arms. the number of MII oocytes retrieved (7.82 versus 5.92, p = 0.003) and the number of day-3 grade-1 embryos (4.24 versus 1.8, p < 0.001) were higher in the dual trigger group, whereas fertilization rates between the two groups (91.82% versus 88.51%, p=NS) were comparable. Consequently, the number of embryos cryopreserved (2.68 versus 0.94, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the dual trigger group. However, the implantation rate between the two groups (21% versus 19.6%, p = 0.770) was comparable. The serum LH levels 12 hours post trigger were measured in both the arms and as expected, high serum LH values were documented in the dual trigger group (46.23 mIU/ml vs 0.93 mIU/ml, p < 0.0001).
Limitations, reasons for caution
Due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic causing an intermittent pause in IVF services at our center, a smaller sample size of 100 patients could be enrolled in the study, and reproductive outcomes in terms of live births and cumulative live births could not be assessed
Wider implications of the findings
This study, though small, has contributed to some evidence of redesigning the dual trigger in all antagonist cycles, with the exception of high responders and PCOS patients. The addition of GnRHa to hCG trigger has led to the possibility of cryopreserving surplus embryos thereby increasing the cumulative live births.
Trial registration number
CTRI/2020/08/027030
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Singh N, Patel G, Dogra Y, Mohanty S, Seth T. P-795 Comparison of intra-ovarian platelet rich plasma versus autologous bone marrow derived stem cell instillation in women with diminished ovarian reserve for ovarian rejuvenation. Hum Reprod 2022. [PMCID: PMC9384354 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
To compare role of intra-ovarian platelet rich plasma (PRP) versus marrow derived stem cell (SC) instillation for improvement in ovarian reserve (AFC, AMH and FSH)
Summary answer
Both PRP and SC therapy improves the ovarian reserve however, response to PRP is superior to SC post intervention
What is known already
With increasing incidence of females with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), posing a serious challenge in terms of limited treatment options for these couples. Clinicians are trying to find effective strategies besides oocyte donation or adoption Of late, novel ovarian rejuvenation approaches has been investigated which are currently available for research purposes only. Multiple studies are evaluating effect of intra-ovarian PRP or autologous SC instillation, the results are encouraging as they are showing improvement in ovarian reserve thus bringing a paradigm shift in treatment options. None of the published studies so far have compared PRP versus SC in DOR population.
Study design, size, duration
A prospective comparative study was conducted at Division of Reproductive Medicine of a tertiary care institute. 72 infertile females (20-39 years) with poor ovarian reserve (AMH <1.2 ng /ml; AFC<5) were enrolled in the study between January 2020 to December 2021. The two comparative groups underwent either intra-ovarian PRP instillation (n = 42) or autologous SC transplantation (n = 30).
Participants/materials, setting, methods
After the two groups were matched (PRP vs SC) for baseline characteristics (Age, AMH, AFC, FSH, Estradiol), 30 subjects in each group were compared for change in serum FSH/AMH/Estradiol levels, AFC, right and left ovarian volume at 1st month and 3rd month post intervention from the baseline. This was also compared between the two groups using Student t-test. The cost and procedural pain measured using Visual analog scale (VAS) were also compared between the groups.
Main results and the role of chance
After matching for baseline characteristics, significant ∼ 1.8/2 and ∼1.5/1.6 fold increase in AFC at 1st/3rd month post intervention (p<0.001) was observed after PRP instillation and SC transplantation respectively. This significant improvement was observed more in PRP group than SC group at 3rd month post intervention (7.07 vs 5.60, p=0.02), while no significant difference existed at 1st month of follow up. However, there was no significant improvement in serum FSH, AMH and Estradiol levels (p0.05) from the baseline at 1st and 3rd month post intervention in both the groups. Similarly, there was no significant difference between the two groups in serum FSH level (7.98 IU/ml vs 9.62 IU/ml, p=0.062; 8.26 IU/ml vs 9.50 IU/ml, p=0.15), AMH level (1.62 ng/ml vs 1.02 ng/ml, p=0.27; 1.35 ng/ml vs 0.95 ng/ml, p=0.24), Estradiol level (49.12 pg/ml vs 56.48 pg/ml p=0.443; 54.7 pg/ml vs 61.12 pg/ml, p=0.44), right ovarian volume (3.13 cm3 vs 2.49 cm3, p=0.06; 3.37 cm3 vs 2.74 cm3,p=0.063) and left ovarian volume (2.98 cm3 vs 2.47 cm3, p=0.102; 2.87 cm3 vs 2.34 cm3,p=0.103) at 1st and 3rd month post intervention respectively. PRP was more cost-effective and associated with less pain (32.5 mm vs 28.13 mm, p=0.02), and better patient compliance.
Limitations, reasons for caution
This was a comparative study and the participants were not randomized but were matched for the baseline characteristics. Also due to impact of Covid-19 causing intermittent pause in nonessential facilities like IVF services, a smaller sample size could be enrolled and also clinical outcomes could not be evaluated
Wider implications of the findings
This study, although comparative, for the first time highlights the beneficial role of PRP over SC, thus can establish superiority of PRP as minimally invasive, economical, patient friendly and a recommended therapy for ovarian rejuvenation and folliculogenesis, providing the DOR females an opportunity to produce their own offspring.
Trial registration number
CTRI/2020/01/022726
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Patel G, Singh N, Malhotra N, Mahey R, Saini M, Sethi A. P-799 To evaluate the effect of Intra-ovarian platelet rich plasma instillation on the clinical outcome of women with diminished ovarian reserve: A prospective interventional study. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Does intra-ovarian instillation of platelet rich plasma (PRP) improves the clinical outcome of IVF cycles in women with Diminished Ovarian reserve (DOR)?
Summary answer
PRP instillation leads to consistent improvement in Antral follicle count (AFC), thus achieving clinical pregnancy rate of 33.3% per cycle in women with DOR.
What is known already
There is rising incidence of females with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) especially among Asian ethnicity. With the emergence of regenerative medicine, multiple studies have evaluated the role of intra-ovarian PRP, demonstrating a beneficial role in improving ovarian reserve parameters (serum Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), AFC). Despite its’ favorable effects on biochemical markers and AFC, data regarding improvement in clinical outcome remains elusive and led to inception of this study.
Study design, size, duration
A prospective interventional study was conducted at Division of Reproductive Medicine of a tertiary care institute. 41 infertile females aged 20-39 years with DOR (AMH <1.2 ng /ml; AFC<5) were enrolled in the study during a 6-month period beginning from August 2021.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
After informed consent, patients received fresh autologous PRP, prepared from 30 ml venous blood. 1.5ml of PRP instilled in each ovarian stroma between day 7-10 of menstrual cycle under sedation. Patients were followed up for three-consecutive months to assess ovarian reserve parameters including serum FSH, AMH and AFC. Patients showing significant improvement in parameters were recruited for fresh IVF cycles using Antagonist protocol with 1% transdermal testosterone. Outcomes were analysed using linear mix effect model.
Main results and the role of chance
The average platelet concentration in PRP was ∼10,00,000 platelets/µL. The mean age of enrolled patients was 31.22±4.16 years. Linear improvement in AFC (3.63 vs 6.98 vs 7.97 vs 6.90, p<0.001) was observed from baseline to three consecutive follow-up months with maximal response witnessed in second month in 57.1% of those undergoing IVF cycle. However, there was no significant difference in Serum FSH (p=0.11) and AMH (p=0.16) from the baseline post intervention. Of the 41 patients, 35 (85.3%) responded to the treatment and underwent IVF antagonist cycle. 5 out of 35 IVF cycles were cancelled mid-cycle due to poor ovarian response. The mean dose of gonadotropin requirement was 2667.5±281.1 IU (Follicular stimulating hormone) and 1400±337.3 IU (Human menopausal gonadotropin). The average number of oocytes retrieved was 5.7±2.2 whereas mean number of MII oocytes was 4.63±1.85. The fertilization rate and the cleavage rate were 92.4% and 74.1% respectively. Of the thirty patients, eight patients underwent day 2 transfer due to poor grade of embryos. Mean number of grade 1- day 3 embryos was 1.25±0.55 with surplus embryos available for cryopreservation in 14 patients. The overall clinical pregnancy rate per transfer was 33.33%. No adverse events were reported.
Limitations, reasons for caution
This was a prospective single arm study. A randomized controlled trial comprising a “no-treatment” arm would establish a Level-I evidence. However, “no-treatment” arm in a developing country like ours, imposes financial burden on the couple with no guaranteed clinical success and thus raising ethical concern and need for ovarian rejuvenation.
Wider implications of the findings
With the impetus to provide a biological child to these DOR women, intra-ovarian PRP instillation as a method of ovarian rejuvenation holds promising results. Evidently, PRP is not only effective in improving ovarian reserve but this translates into an improved reproductive outcome in a population, previously limited to oocyte donation.
Trial registration number
REF/2022/01/051033
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Dhawan V, Malhotra N, Singh N, Dadhwal V, Arora T, Dada R. P-430 Sperm genomic integrity, telomere dynamics and gene expression in recurrent implantation failure. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Does sperm affect the implantation and early embryogenesis?
Summary answer
Deranged sperm genomic integrity, limited repair mechanisms, aberrant gene expression have the potential to be transmitted to developing embryo and affect implantation and embryonic development.
What is known already
The terminally differentiated, transcriptionally quiscent sperm cells are vulnerable to a host of factors which might affect its function. The spermatozoa with truncated repair mechanisms have the potential to fertilize the oocyte, but eventually result in high rates of pre and post implantation losses. Oxidative stress, deranged genomic integrity, aberrant gene expression in the sperm cell has the potential to affect fertilisation potential, implantation and embryonic viability. This has been seen to be correlated with decreased fertilisation, clevage rates and blastocyst development and thus impaired implantation rates.
Study design, size, duration
A case control study of 75 men from infertile couples who had recurrent implantation failure (RIF) in IVF cycles and 75 fertile controls at AIIMS, New Delhi, India. Study duration was 2 years.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Semen samples from men from couples who had RIF were analyzed as per WHO 2010. Sperm reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was assessed by chemiluminiscence and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) respectively. Relative sperm telomere length was evaluated from sperm DNA by q-PCR analysis. The expression of genes pertinent for early embryonic development was done by qPCR. The relative quantification was done after normalizing with GAPDH and β-actin by 2-ΔΔCt method.
Main results and the role of chance
Seminal ROS levels (RLU/sec/million sperm) were seen to be significantly higher [57.75 (10.1-1186.9)] in cases with respect to controls [16.7(1.15-53.9)] (p < 0.001***). The mean DFI of men undergoing ART was significantly higher (37.7 ± 5.7) vs 23.2 ± 4.6%; p < 0.001***) in cases as compared to controls. ROS and DFI levels correlated negatively with sperm concentration and progressive motility (p < 0.001***). We analyzed the expression of FOXG1, SOX3, STAT4, RPS6, RBM9, RPL10A, RPS17, RPL29, WNT5A, HSP90, TOMM7, EIF5A genes. The expression of SOX3, RBM9, WNT5A, HSP90, TOMM7, and EIF5A showed a significant difference from control levels. The relative sperm telomere length was found to be significantly lower in RIF patients as compared to controls (p < 0.001***).
Limitations, reasons for caution
The current study was a case control study and lacked randomization and also is limited by low sample size. There is a lack of stratification in the enrollment of participants due to difference in specific risk of occurrence and varied clinical history.
Wider implications of the findings
The analysis of spermatozoal gene expression is important for understanding the sperm differentiation, fertilization and early embryonic events. Correlation with oxidative stress, genomic integrity and telomere length may help in regulationof gene expression. It may help in establishing sperm gene expression as a potential biomarker.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Sethi A, Singh N, Gupta R, Dwivedi T, Patel G. P-656 Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on clinical outcome in fully vaccinated infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles at tertiary care centre: prospective observational study. Hum Reprod 2022. [PMCID: PMC9384392 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Study question Does immune response to COVID-19 vaccination affect the clinical outcome in fully vaccinated infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles? Summary answer COVID-19 IgG antibodies are present in follicular fluid post vaccination and higher immune response increases duration of gonadotrophins required and negatively impacts the IVF outcome. What is known already Recent studies assessed the influence of COVID-19 infection and mRNA COVID-19 vaccine on the stimulation cycle characteristics and embryological variables of patients undergoing IVF cycle and found no effect on the IVF outcome in their immediate IVF cycle after recovery, except for a decreased number of top quality embryos. One study reported infection or mRNA vaccine results in rapid formation of anti-COVID IgG which can be detected in follicular fluid. This immune response did not lead to any significant negative effect on ovarian follicular function. There is a possibility that COVID-19 infection might affect numerous fertility-linked proteins. Study design, size, duration Prospective observational study, conducted at Division of Reproductive Medicine of tertiary care institute. After taking informed consent, 32 patients who satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criteria with history of receiving two doses of Covishield or Covaxin vaccine with at-least 2 weeks from last dose, were recruited for IVF/ICSI cycles from December 2021 to January 2022, for assessing COVID-19 IgG antibodies in their follicular fluid. Participants/materials, setting, methods Women of 21-40 years with normal ovarian reserve and normal uterine cavity were included, those with history of COVID infection were excluded. All patients underwent GnRH antagonist protocol. Follicular fluid was collected at time of oocyte retrieval. After collecting oocytes, 400 microlitre of follicular fluid was stored at -80 and later thawed and analysed for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies (ADVIA Centaur COV2G assay, Germany) which are expressed in index value and reported as reactive (≥1 index). Main results and the role of chance Out of 32, 21 (65.6%) of the participants had received COVISHIELD (V1)and 11 (34.3%) received COVAXIN (V2). The mean gap between vaccine and the IVF cycle was 84.94 ± 52.65 days. The mean COVID IgG antibody titres (Index) were significantly higher in V1, 28.77±33.50 (0.34 -100), than V2 2.28±3.74(0.05-13.23), p<0.001. Patients with higher antibody titres, required longer duration of ovarian stimulation, rho=0.42, p = 0.017. Patients with higher COVID IgG antibodies were negatively correlated with clinical pregnancy rate (20.9 0± 29.68 vs 4.60 ± 6.28, p = 0.153). The time gap from the last dose of vaccine to IVF cycle had moderate negative correlation with percentage of grade-I embryos out of the total embryos fertilised (%), rho= -0.33, p = 0.068. Furthermore, higher gonadotropins doses were required in patients with high antibody titres, rho=0.25, p = 0.160, and amongst V1 vs V2, total dose of gonadotropins required was 3802.38±742.92 vs 3422.73±564.52, respectively, p=0.115. COVID IgG antibody titres had weak negative correlation with number of grade-I embryos, rho= -0.16, p = 0.396. The time gap from the last dose of vaccine to IVF cycle had a weak negative correlation with number of grade-I embryos, rho=-0.28, p = 0.124. Limitations, reasons for caution The main limitation of this study is small sample size. However, the study is currently ongoing, and these are the interim results of the same. As prospective studies with larger sample size would be required to assess the effect of different COVID-19 vaccines in different populations on the IVF outcomes. Wider implications of the findings The present study confirms the presence of COVID IgG antibodies in follicular fluid in vaccinated women, and proves that COVISHIELD vaccinated patients had higher antibody titres. Higher antibody titres require longer duration of stimulation and result in poorer outcomes so a longer interval from vaccine to IVF should be recommended. Trial registration number NA
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