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Shah HK, Srinivasan V, Venkatesan S, Balakrishnan V, Candasamy S, Mathew N, Kumar A, Kuttiatt VS. Evaluation of the mosquitocidal efficacy of fluralaner, a potential candidate for drug based vector control. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5628. [PMID: 38454095 PMCID: PMC10920869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Vector control is a key intervention against mosquito borne diseases. However, conventional methods have several limitations and alternate strategies are in urgent need. Vector control with endectocides such as ivermectin is emerging as a novel strategy. The short half-life of ivermectin is a limiting factor for its application as a mass therapy tool for vector control. Isoxazoline compounds like fluralaner, a class of veterinary acaricides with long half-life hold promise as an alternative. However, information about their mosquitocidal effect is limited. We explored the efficacy of fluralaner against laboratory reared vector mosquitoes-Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and, Culex quinquefasciatus. 24 h post-blood feeding, fluralaner showed a significant mosquitocidal effect with LC50 values in the range of 24.04-49.82 ng/mL for the three different mosquito species tested. Effects on life history characteristics (fecundity, egg hatch success, etc.) were also observed and significant effects were noted at drug concentrations of 20, 25 and 45 ng/mL for Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi, and, Cx. quinquefasciatus respectively. At higher drug concentration of 250 ng/mL, significant mortality was observed within 1-2 h of post blood feeding. Potent mosquitocidal effect coupled with its long half-life makes fluralaner an excellent candidate for drug based vector control strategies.
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Visontay R, Mewton L, Sunderland M, Bell S, Britton A, Osman B, North H, Mathew N, Slade T. A comprehensive evaluation of the longitudinal association between alcohol consumption and a measure of inflammation: Multiverse and vibration of effects analyses. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 247:109886. [PMID: 37120919 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate alcohol consumption appears to be associated with reduced inflammation. Determining whether this association is robust to common variations in research parameters has wide-reaching implications for our understanding of disease aetiology and public health policy. We aimed to conduct comprehensive multiverse and vibration of effects analyses evaluating the associations between alcohol consumption and a measure of inflammation. METHODS A secondary analysis of the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study was performed, using data from 1970 through 2016. Measurements of alcohol consumption were taken in early/mid-adulthood (ages 34 and 42), and level of inflammation marker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) at age 46. Multiverse analyses were applied to comparisons of low-to-moderate consumption and consumption above various international drinking guidelines with an 'abstinent' reference. Research parameters of interest related to: definitions of drinking and reference groups; alcohol consumption measurement year; outcome variable transformation; and breadth of covariate adjustment. After identifying various analytic options within these parameters and running the analysis over each unique option combination, specification curve plots, volcano plots, effect ranges, and variance decomposition metrics were used to assess consistency of results. RESULTS A total of 3101 individuals were included in the final analyses, with primary analyses limited to those where occasional consumers served as reference. All combinations of research specifications resulted in lower levels of inflammation amongst low-to-moderate consumers compared to occasional consumers (1st percentile effect: -0.21; 99th percentile effect: -0.04). Estimates comparing above-guidelines drinking with occasional consumers were less definitive (1st percentile effect: -0.26; 99th percentile effect: 0.43). CONCLUSIONS The association between low-to-moderate drinking and lower hsCRP levels is largely robust to common variations in researcher-defined parameters, warranting further research to establish whether this relationship is causal. The association between above-guidelines drinking and hsCRP levels is less definitive.
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Kavyasri D, Sundharesan M, Mathew N. Design, synthesis, characterization and insecticidal screening of novel anthranilic diamides comprising acyl thiourea substructure. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:257-273. [PMID: 36148914 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquito-borne pathogens constitute a major health problem worldwide. The extermination of the mosquito remains a significant issue in public health. Chemical insecticides have been used to control mosquitoes for decades. However, resistance has become a limiting factor for their control. The anthranilic diamide insecticides possess excellent insecticidal activities against Lepidoptera and its resistant strains by draining internal calcium stores on activating insect ryanodine receptors. However, the reports on the effect on mosquitoes are scarce and hence a series of novel anthranilic diamides comprising acyl thiourea substructure were synthesized and their insecticidal activities against three vector mosquito larvae namely, Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi were evaluated as per WHO protocol. Also investigated the morphological observations of treated larvae. RESULTS Novel anthranilic diamides containing an acyl thiourea substructure were synthesized and structures were established by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13 C NMR, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Mosquito larvicidal activity of the title compounds 6-a-s revealed that compound 6-l exhibited marked larvicidal activities against C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti 3rd instar larvae with median lethal concentrations (LC50 ) values of 0.0044 mm and 0.0070 mm, respectively, for 48 hours of treatment. Compound 6-g exhibited larvicidal activity against An. stephensi with LC50 value of 0.0085 mm. Peculiar morphological alterations in the body of the treated larvae leading to death were observed on microscopic examination. CONCLUSION Novel anthranilic diamides containing an acyl thiourea substructure were designed, synthesized and characterized. Their bioassay results demonstrated significant mosquito larvicidal activity with striking morphological alterations in the body, which should ensure forthcoming designs of highly active diamide derivatives as mosquito larvicides. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Matsa R, Makam P, Anilakumari R, Sundharesan M, Mathew N, Kannan T. Design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of thiosemicarbazone derivatives as anti-filarial agents. Exp Parasitol 2022; 241:108363. [PMID: 36007586 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Effective macrofilaricidal drugs are not commercially available, and in an endeavour to find out new macrofilaricidal agents, in this research work, thiosemicarbazone derivatives have been prepared and tested against adult Setaria digitata, a cattle filarial parasite, as a model nematode for the filarial parasite, Wuchereria bancrofti. Lipinski and Veber rules have been used to design these molecules and found out that all the designed molecules show drug-like molecular properties. The in vitro anti-filarial potential of thiosemicarbazones against S. digitata was carried out using worm motility and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction colorimetric assays at 100 μg/ml concentration for the incubation period of 24 h. The standard drugs used at present for filaria, Albendazole, Ivermectin and Diethylcarbamazine were not able to kill the adult filarial worms effectively. In contrast, phenyl thiosemicarbazones with trifluoromethyl substitution at 3rd and 4th positions, 2-pyrrolyl, and isatinyl made the adult worms immotile and also showed 69%-83% inhibition in formazan formation an indicator of non viability.
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Kumari Indira KS, Mathew N. TB related stigma and gender disparity among unaffected population in central Kerala, a survey. Indian J Tuberc 2022; 70:168-175. [PMID: 37100573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2022.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TB continues to ravage high burden countries despite aggressive TB control measures. Poverty and adverse socioeconomic and cultural factors play a significant role in stigmatization, causing delayed health care seeking, non-compliance to treatment and spread of disease in the community. Women are more vulnerable to stigmatization, posing the risk of gender inequality in health care. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the degree of stigmatization and gender disparity in TB related stigma in the community. METHODS Study was conducted among TB unaffected persons, using consecutive sampling from bystanders of patients attending the hospital for diseases other than TB. Closed structured questionnaire was used for measuring socio-demographic, knowledge and stigma variables. Stigma scoring was done using TB vignette. RESULTS Majority subjects (119 males and 102 females) were from rural area and low socioeconomic status; more than 60% of males and females having college education. Half the subjects answered more than half the TB knowledge questions correctly. Knowledge score was significantly lower among females compared with males (p < 0.002) despite high literacy. Overall stigma scoring was low (mean score = 15.9; total 75). Stigma was higher among females compared with males (p < 0.002); more profound among females receiving female vignettes (Chi-square = 14.1, p < 0.0001). The association was significant even after adjusting for co-variables (OR = 3.323, P = 0.005). Low knowledge showed minimal (statistically insignificant) association with stigma. CONCLUSIONS Perceived stigma though low, was more among females and much higher with female vignette, indicating significant gender disparity in stigma towards TB.
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Waris A, Jose R, Mathew N, Jacob JJ. Attitudes to driving among patients with diabetes mellitus in Punjab (ADD-Punjab study). Prim Care Diabetes 2022; 16:34-40. [PMID: 34872840 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Currently there are no regulations regarding diabetes and driving licensing in India. The study was planned to gather information about attitudes to driving among patients with diabetes mellitus. METHODS Adult patients with diabetes mellitus holding a current valid driving license on treatment with insulin or secretagogue were interviewed using a validated structured questionnaire. RESULTS 150 patients were interviewed with a mean age of 52 years, males (86%), insulin users (34%) and only secretagogue users (66%). 16 (10.6%) patients had severe hypoglycemia in the past year with 9.3% having hypoglycemic unawareness. Only 32% patients were aware of the relation between hypoglycemia and driving, 88.6% never checked glucose prior to driving and only 23% patients carried carbohydrates for treatment of hypoglycemia during driving. 25 (16.7%) of subjects had hypoglycemia during driving and in 6 (4%) this involved a traffic accident in the past one year. CONCLUSIONS Around 4% of patients on hypoglycemia causing treatment have a traffic accident/event every year. In the absence of regulations currently, focus should be on patient education. However, on the long-term appropriate regulations will make the roads safer for patients with diabetes.
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Wong J, Westenberg J, Mathew N, Azar P, Krausz R. Risk and protective factors for opioid overdose during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9480382 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction People who use drugs (PWUD) are now at the intersection of two public health emergencies – the Covid-19 pandemic and the overdose crisis. They may be at heightened risk of overdose due to increased isolation, worsened mental health, and changes to the illicit drug supply. The province of British Columbia (BC) in Canada is anticipated to experience a record-breaking year of overdose deaths as over 1,500 people (32.9 deaths per 100,000) have died from overdose in 2020. In response, BC released new clinical guidelines in March to allow the prescribing of pharmaceutical alternatives aiming to reduce PWUD’s risk of overdose and contracting Covid-19. Objectives We examined the risk and protective factors for overdose during these dual crises. We explored how the Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health and substance use of PWUD and their access to treatment and harm reduction services. Methods We are conducting a survey among patients with opioid use disorder at a major hospital in Vancouver, BC. It includes the following domains: sociodemographic characteristics; mental and physical health; substance use patterns; opioid overdose history; access to treatment, harm reduction services; impacts of Covid-19. Results We anticipate collecting data from 200 participants. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis will be conducted to describe the sample and determine the risk, protective factors for overdose. Conclusions We will gain a better understanding of overdose risk in PWUD who are now navigating the complex challenges created by the dual crises. This will in turn inform the establishment of evidence-based strategies to reduce their overdose risk. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Sasindran V, Harikrishan B, Mathew N. Cosmetic and Functional Outcomes of Septorhinoplasty. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 72:194-199. [PMID: 32551277 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-019-01756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To find out the improvement in cosmetic and functional aspects as measured using Rhinoplasty outcome evaluation questionnaire following Septorhinoplasty. To measure the increase in nasal airflow as measured using "Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow meter" in patients undergoing Septorhinoplasty. DESIGN prospective cohort study. SETTINGS patients with complaints of nasal obstruction and external deformity who are undergoing Septorhinoplasty after evaluation. SUBJECTS patients undergoing Septorhinoplasty at Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla during a period of 1½ years, starting from 01/01/2017. METHODS non-random, consecutive sampling. The mean age in this study is 26.10 years. The most common age group of patients who were included in the study was 11-20 years. We had 11 females and 8 males. Female to male ratio was 1.375. The mean duration of symptom was 6.33 years. Most of the patients in our study were students. The mean pre-op ROE score was 29.79 ± 15.28 and post-op score was 87.32 ± 8.75. There was significant improvement in ROE scores following Septorhinoplasty (p < 0.0001). The mean pre-op PNIF score was 76.58 ± 41.37 and post-op score was 125 ± 50.22. There was significant improvement in PNIF scores following surgery (p < 0.0001). There is significant improvement in cosmetic and functional aspects in patients undergoing Septorhinoplasty. There is significant improvement in external appearance and nasal obstruction following Septorhinoplasty. The patient satisfaction following Septorhinoplasty can be measured with ease with the help of Rhinoplasty outcome evaluation questionnaire and Peak nasal inspiratory flow meter.
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Dhar C, Mathew N. Longitudinal Stent Compression-An Interventional Complication during Bifurcation PCI. Indian Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.11.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Dhinakaran SR, Mathew N, Munusamy S. Synergistic terpene combinations as larvicides against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti Linn. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:791-799. [PMID: 31241777 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Most of the essential oils (EO) known for mosquitocidal activity contain terpenes as part of their chemical constituents. In this study, four monoterpenes namely γ-terpinene (T), R-(+)-limonene (L), carvacrol (C), and trans-anethole (A) were screened against late third instar Aedes aegypti Linn. larvae singly and in combination to find out the synergistic interaction. The monoterpenes γ-terpinene, R-(+)-limonene, trans-anethole, and carvacrol showed larvicidal activity with LC50 values of 9.76, 11.88, 50.19, 48.57 ppm and LC90 values of 16.99, 17.78, 65.21, 75.02 ppm, respectively for Ae. aegypti when tested individually. Prepared binary combinations at LC20 values and studied the synergistic interactions based on cotoxicity factor (CTF) and found that all the binary combinations showed synergistic interactions (CTF > 20). Further, the binary (1:1), ternary (1:1:1), and quaternary (1:1:1:1) terpene combinations on equal weight basis were prepared, evaluated against Ae. aegypti larvae and synergistic interactions were studied by Wadley's method. Among the eight combinations two combinations viz. LC (LC50 10.42 ppm) and LA (LC50 11.86 ppm) were showing synergistic interactions (R > 1.5) and others were exhibiting additive effect (1.5 ≥ R > 0.5) and none of the combinations showed antagonism (R < 0.5). Among the two methods used the Wadley's method found suitable when combinations were made on an equal weight basis. The two binary combinations found in this study are promising synergistic mixtures which has scope in designing mosquito larvicidal EOs by enriching the EOs with terpenes or by producing EO combinations with these terpenes as chemical constituents in the correct proportions.
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Pandiyan GN, Mathew N, Munusamy S. Larvicidal activity of selected essential oil in synergized combinations against Aedes aegypti. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:549-556. [PMID: 30861442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to attain an alternate plant essential oil (EO) based mosquito larvicide against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Here three plants were selected based on their local availability, safety and insecticidal properties. EOs were extracted from Syzygium aromaticum (Myrtaceae) flower buds, fruits of Illicium verum (Schisandraceae) and Trachyspermum ammi (Apiaceae) by hydro-distillation and tested against Ae. aegypti larvae individually and in combinations to find synergistic interactions. Chemical constituent analysis of EOs was done by GC/MS/MS analysis and the main constituents in T. ammi were thymol (93.58%) and terpinen-4-ol (2.16%), in S. aromaticum eugenol 56.32% and caryophyllene 17.91% and in I. verum trans-anethole 53.05% and p-anisaldehyde 12.47%. The EOs from T. ammi, I. verum and S. aromaticum and their top components thymol, trans-anethole and eugenol exhibited larvicidal activity with LC50 values 39.48, 41.30, 66.90, 59.76, 50.19 and 60.89 mgL-1 respectively against Ae. aegypti larvae. The values for the co-toxicity factors for the binary combinations of the EOs were > 20 showing synergistic interactions among the binary mixtures. The respective LC50 values for the 1:1 binary combinations (S. aromaticum + I. verum), (S. aromaticum + T. ammi) and (I. verum + T. ammi) were 49.07, 48.54 and 27.67 mgL-1. β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex made with I. verum + T. ammi combination showed an LC50 value of 23.93 mgL-1. On the whole the outcome of this study draw attention to the capability of synergistic EO combinations to emerge as a safe and environment friendly effective larvicide to control Aedes mosquitoes.
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Mathew N, Smith J, Weirich E, Blackwell D, Akkari Y. 26. Correlation between bone marrow morphology, conventional cytogenetics and FISH in Myelodysplastic Syndrome: The legacy health experience. Cancer Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sasindran V, Mathew N, Shabna AK, Harikrishan B. Spontaneous Medial Cribriform CSF Leak: Endoscopic Surgical Repair with Free Mucosal Graft-Our Experience. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 70:387-391. [PMID: 30211094 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-018-1387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cribriform plate is the commonest site of spontaneous CSF leak, the fragility of the plate and juxtaposition of arachnoid's investment to the bone, where the olfactory nerve pierces the skull made this area, a vulnerable site for CSF leak. Transnasal endoscopic approach has gained popularity for CSF leak repair over the years. To describe the 5 year experience of spontaneous medial cribriform CSF leak repair with free mucosal graft in a tertiary medical centre. All patients who underwent transnasal endoscopic repair with free mucosal graft for spontaneous medial cribriform CSF leak in our institution between 2011 and 2016 were reviewed. Twelve patients were identified, all were women with a mean age of 44.5 years. The defect was localised by preoperative computed tomography scans with 1 mm cuts and MR cisternography. Via medial approach, the mucosa surrounding the entire defect was denuded and the defect was closed with free mucosal graft harvested either from the middle turbinate or from the nasal septum and middle turbinate was finally sutured with septum to stabilise the repair. The overall success rate was 100% with the first attempt with no recurrence or postoperative complications. Follow up ranged from 1 to 5 years. The endoscopic transnasal technique with free mucosal graft for the repair of spontaneous medial cribriform CSF rhinorrhoea is associated with a very high success rate and it should be considered for majority of cases.
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Hari I, Mathew N. Larvicidal activity of selected plant extracts and their combination against the mosquito vectors Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:9176-9185. [PMID: 29460245 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop an environment-friendly botanical mosquito larvicide alternative to the chemical larvicides, extracts were made from the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens, Lantana camara, Nerium oleander, and Tecoma stans with three organic solvents such as methanol (ME), chloroform (CH), and petroleum ether (PE) using a Soxhlet extractor. The plant extracts were screened for larvicidal activity individually and in combination against the larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus as per WHO protocol. Among the extracts, the maximum larvicidal activity was shown by the PE extract of L. camara (LC50 10.63 mg/L) followed by the PE extract of T. stans (LC50 19.26 mg/L), ME extract of N. oleander (LC50 35.82 mg/L), and PE extract of H. suaveolens (LC50 38.39 mg/L) against Cx. quinquefasciatus. In the case of Ae. aegypti, the PE extract of T. stans showed maximum activity with LC50 value of 55.41 mg/L followed by H. suaveolens (LC50 64.49 mg/L), PE extract of L. camara (LC50 74.93 mg/L), and ME extract of N. oleander (LC50 84.09). A blend of these four extracts resulted in a combination with corresponding LC50 values of 4.32 and 7.19 mg/L against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti. The predator safety factors were 12.55 and 20.88 for Gambusia affinis with respect to Aedes and Culex larvae for the extract combination. Chemical constituents in extracts were also identified by FT-IR and GC-MS data. The present investigations suggest the possible use of this blend of botanical extracts as an ideal ecofriendly, larvicide against Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae.
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Geneev C, Mathew N, Jacob JJ. Vaccination Status, Knowledge, and Acceptance of Adult Vaccinations against Respiratory Illness among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018; 22:280-282. [PMID: 29911046 PMCID: PMC5972489 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_29_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus are more prone to develop infections with influenza virus and pneumococcus. Once they develop respiratory infections, they are twice more likely to die of complication related to the infection. Although there are no Indian guidelines, recent publications have recommended vaccination in patients with diabetes of all ages. Our study was undertaken to find the barriers to the uptake of adult vaccination against respiratory illness among patients with diabetes attending a diabetic clinic in a tertiary care institution. Of the 149 patients interviewed, only 2% and 0.7% had been previously vaccinated against influenza and pneumococcus, respectively. Although 52% of patients agreed that vaccination was safe and effective, only 17.4% got vaccinated during the period of observation after counseling. The primary reasons for refusal were financial (51.7%), while some were not completely convinced of its benefits (9.4%); the other reasons included fear of complications (7.4%) and needles (0.7%).
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Zhuang Y, Goharzadeh A, Lin YJ, Yap YF, Chai JC, Mathew N, Vargas F, Biswal SL. Experimental study of asphaltene deposition in transparent microchannels using the light absorption method. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2017.1388177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Subramanian M, Ahamed H, Mathew N. The prognostic value of right ventricular dysfunction in stress cardiomyopathy. Indian Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Srinivasalu V, Subramaniam M, Shanmugam A, Philip A, Susan A, Prabhu R, Unni M, Sidharthan N, Jose W, N V S, Ahamed H, Mathew N, Keechilat P. Independent predictors of one year mortality in patients with primary systemic immunoglobulin light chain cardiac amyloidosis. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx373.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lalthazuali, Mathew N. Mosquito repellent activity of volatile oils from selected aromatic plants. Parasitol Res 2016; 116:821-825. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Gale S, Mathew N, Lin C, Jahreis A, Sarsour K. FRI0298 Treatment Patterns among Adult Systemic Sclerosis Patients in A US Healthcare Claims Population. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Saratha R, Mathew N. Development of a mosquito attractant blend of small molecules against host-seeking Aedes aegypti. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:1529-36. [PMID: 26693718 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A mosquito's dependence on olfaction in the hunt for human host could be efficiently exploited to protect humans from mosquito bites. The present study is undertaken to make the most attractant compound blend for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to lure them to traps. Eleven molecules (M1-M11) at different dilutions were screened for attractancy against non-blood-fed adult female mosquitoes in an olfactometer. The results showed that the attractancy was dependent on both the chemical nature of the molecule and the strength of the odor. Out of 11 molecules screened, 9 showed significant attractancy (P < 0.05) when tested individually. The attractancy was in the order of M11 > M7 > M6 > M10 > M9 > M3 > M2 > M1 > M4 with attractancy indices (AIs) 86.11, 55.93, 55.17, 54, 52.94, 52, 50, 43.64, and 32, respectively, at the optimum dilutions. Seven blends (I-VII) were made and were screened for attractancy against Ae. aegypti. All the blends showed significant attractancy (P < 0.05). The attractancy was in the order of blend VII > III > IV > I > VI > V > II with AIs 96.63, 89.19, 65, 57.89, 56.1, 47.13, and 44.44, respectively. Among the seven blends, blend VII with constituent molecules M6, M9, M10, and M11 is the most promising with an AI value of 96.63. This blend will be useful in luring the host-seeking mosquitoes to traps. The field efficacy of these attractant blends may be explored in the future.
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Mathew N, Sewell TD, Thompson DL. Anisotropy in surface-initiated melting of the triclinic molecular crystal 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene: A molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:094706. [PMID: 26342382 DOI: 10.1063/1.4929806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface-initiated melting of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), a triclinic molecular crystal, was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Simulations were performed for the three principal crystallographic planes exposed to vacuum, with the normal vectors to the planes given by b × c, c × a, and a × b (where a, b, and c define the edge vectors of the unit cell), denoted as (100), (010), and (001), respectively. The best estimate of the normal melting temperature for TATB is 851 ± 5 K. The nature and extent of disordering of the crystal-vacuum interface depend on the exposed crystallographic face, with the (001) face exhibiting incomplete melting and superheating. This is attributed to the anisotropy of the inter-molecular hydrogen bonding and the propensity of the crystal to form stacking faults in directions approximately perpendicular to the (100) and (010) faces. For all three crystal orientations, formation of molecular vacancies in the lattice at the crystal-vacuum (or crystal-quasi-liquid layer) interface precedes the complete loss of order at the interface.
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Hepp Z, Dodick D, Varon S, Gillard P, Mathew N, Chia J, Hansen R, Devine EB. EHMTI-0032. Persistence and switching characteristics among chronic migraine patient population: a retrospective claims analysis. J Headache Pain 2014. [PMCID: PMC4182227 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-s1-g8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Mathew N, Jadhav S, Deshmukh A, Deshmukh H, Kasat S, Dandin S. Study of treatment outcome of patients of tuberculous cervical lymphedenopathy. BMC Infect Dis 2014. [PMCID: PMC4080264 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-s3-p42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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