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Khorsandi D, Yang JW, Foster S, Khosravi S, Hoseinzadeh N, Zarei F, Lee YB, Runa F, Gangrade A, Voskanian L, Adnan D, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Jucaud V, Dokmeci MR, Shen X, Bishehsari F, Kelber JA, Khademhosseini A, de Barros NR. Patient-Derived Organoids as Therapy Screening Platforms in Cancer Patients. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302331. [PMID: 38359321 PMCID: PMC11324859 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) developed ex vivo and in vitro are increasingly used for therapeutic screening. They provide a more physiologically relevant model for drug discovery and development compared to traditional cell lines. However, several challenges remain to be addressed to fully realize the potential of PDOs in therapeutic screening. This paper summarizes recent advancements in PDO development and the enhancement of PDO culture models. This is achieved by leveraging materials engineering and microfabrication technologies, including organs-on-a-chip and droplet microfluidics. Additionally, this work discusses the application of PDOs in therapy screening to meet diverse requirements and overcome bottlenecks in cancer treatment. Furthermore, this work introduces tools for data processing and analysis of organoids, along with their microenvironment. These tools aim to achieve enhanced readouts. Finally, this work explores the challenges and future perspectives of using PDOs in drug development and personalized screening for cancer patients.
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Yang W, Hosgood G, Foster S, Langner K, Hayward D, Thompson M. Assessment of a compounded synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone product in 17 healthy dogs. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:127-132. [PMID: 36594371 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone or tetracosactide is routinely used in the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism and frequently in the diagnosis and treatment of hyperadrenocorticism. There have been repeated shortages of tetracosactide in recent years in Australia. This study investigated the agreement of serum cortisol after a compounded tetracosactide (Bova Aus), compared to commercial tetracosactide (Synacthen®) in healthy dogs. METHODS Prospective crossover study using 20 dogs. Ten dogs received 5 μg/kg Synacthen® on day 1 and 5 μg/kg compounded tetracosactide on Day 2. The other 10 dogs received the reverse order. Cortisol concentrations in each dog 1 h after injection were compared for agreement, which was defined as the limits of agreement of the Bland-Altman ratio to be within a range of 0.8-1.25. Passing-Bablok regression analysis examined for constant and proportional biases. RESULTS Three dogs were excluded with post-stimulation serum cortisol concentrations markedly outside reference interval. For the remaining 17 dogs, Bland-Altman ratio analysis of cortisol concentration (tetracosactide/Synacthen®) at 1 h found virtually no constant bias (mean of ratios 1.01;95% CI 0.97-1.05) and 95% limits of agreement were 0.88 (95% CI 0.78-0.90) and 1.17 (95% CI 1.13-1.25). This met our criteria for agreement between cortisol concentrations. Bias of the Bland-Altman difference was 2.8 nmol/L (95% CI -7.2 to 12.8); 95% limits of agreement -35.2 nmol/L (95% CI -57.0 to -26.1) and 40.8 nmol/L (95% CI 31.7-62.6). Passing-Bablok regression analysis did not identify bias. CONCLUSION In healthy dogs, cortisol concentrations were in agreement after compounded tetracosactide compared to commercial tetracosactide, Synacthen®.
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Foster S, Rickman R, Nichols A, Collins S, Miller J, Onono M, Wekesa P, Young S, Widen E. Dietary Diversity in Infancy Is Associated with Linear Growth in The Second Year of Life. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Foster S, Kwon H, Liddington R, Basran J, Moody P. Myoglobin as a model for heme peroxidase intermediate determination via integrative structural biology. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A FOUNDATIONS AND ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322093238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Kurre S, Foster S, Morrow K, Zimmer A, Ray M, Notarfrancesco L, Patel K, Grinias JP. Exploring the Implementation of Compact Chromatographic Instrumentation in Common Analytical Workflows. LCGC NORTH AMERICA 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.na.bi9066i9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In many industries, the concepts of “smaller,” “faster,” “easier to use,” and “cheaper” are key drivers when developing new technologies. The world of chemical separations is no different. Today, compact chromatographic instrumentation is being implemented in many workflows, as illustrated here through various examples.
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Selvakumar D, Deshmukh T, Foster S, Sinaei N, Min A, Grieve S, Pathan F, Chong J. Comparative Assessment of Motion Averaged Free-Breathing or Breath-Held Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocols in a Porcine Myocardial Infarction Model. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Foster S, Mohler-Kuo M. Evidence of substantial heterogeneity in the preventive effect of stricter alcohol policy environments in young Swiss men. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9470397 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The alcohol policy environment was shown to exert a preventive effect on alcohol consumption. However, little is known about the heterogeneity of this effect. Objectives To capture the extent of heterogeneity in the relationship between the strictness of alcohol policy environments and heavy drinking and to identify potential effect modifiers. Methods Method: Cross-sectional data from 5986 young Swiss men participating in the cohort study on substance use risk factors (C-SURF) in Switzerland was analysed. Self-reported risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD, drinking 6 standard drinks or more on a single occasion at least monthly) in the past 12 months was the outcome of interest. A previously-used index of alcohol policy environment strictness across Swiss cantons was analysed in conjunction with 21 potential effect modifiers. Random forest machine learning and individual conditional expectations captured high-dimensional interaction effects and the heterogeneity induced by the interaction effects and identified potential effect modifiers. Results Subject-specific absolute risk reductions ranged from 16.8% to -4.2%, with the latter implying a risk increase. Four prototypical subgroups were evident: “preventive” (alcohol policy environment decreased RSOD risk), “causative” (alcohol policy environment increased RSOD risk), “immune” (no effect due to low RSOD baseline risk), and “doomed” (no effect due to high RSOD baseline risk). Antisocial personality disorder and sensation seeking were major effect modifiers that reduced the preventive effect of stricter alcohol policy environments. Conclusions Conclusion: Whereas stricter alcohol policy environments were associated with a reduced RSOD risk, adding selective prevention measures that target high-risk subpopulations is necessary. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Foster S, Luciani F. Omics in immunology. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:133-134. [PMID: 33569833 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Villarreal B, Foster S, Hansen S, Brock M, Sanchez H, Gerwell K, Carrizales F, Peterson A, Pruiksma K, Mysliwiec V. 0860 Sleep Disorders In Female Military Personnel. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Sleep is an essential biological function and the disruption of sleep has deleterious consequences. Military personnel experience unique stressors related to their service, elevating the risk of developing sleep disorders. The etiologies and impact of sleep disorders on military women’s health is poorly understood. This study is the first to prospectively assess whether military women with insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), or comorbid insomnia and OSA (COMISA) have different gender roles, military service-associated factors, and biological characteristics than military men with the same disorders.
Methods
This is a prospective observational study of military personnel with sleep disturbances. The study will evaluate women and men matched for sleep disorder. Participants will complete an evaluation to include polysomnography (PSG), sleep questionnaires and validated clinical assessments of associated disorders of interest. The baseline demographics, questionnaire, and PSG results will be analyzed to assess for commonalities or differences between genders.
Results
We have enrolled 45 patients (24% female). Males had a higher BMI (29.1) than females (26). Males were also older (38) than females (35). The leading diagnosis in males was OSA (44%) and insomnia in females (64%). In males, the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 11.3/hr, arousal index (ARI) was 20/hr, and sleep efficiency (SE) was 86.5%. Total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep onset latency (SOL) were 364.6, 40.9, and 12.6 minutes, respectively. In females, the average AHI was 6.6/hr, ARI was 15/hr, and SE was 87.2%. Their TST, WASO, and SOL were 359, 44, and 12.6 minutes, respectively.
Conclusion
Military personnel are at increased risk of sleep disorders. Literature comparing male and female characteristics and sleep disorders is scarce. In this study, baseline demographics were similar in both groups but insomnia was the leading diagnosis for women. This emphasizes the importance of adequate recognition and treatment of insomnia in this group.
Support
This study is supported by the Defense Health Agency, Defense Medical Research and Development Program, Clinical Research Intramural Initiative for Military Women’s Health.
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Schaffer P, Benard F, Vuckovic M, Zeisler S, Anazodo U, Romsa J, Cross M, Foster S, Gleeson F, Hayashi K, Hook B, Kumlin J, Buckley K, Schlosser J, Wilson K, Dodd M, Hanemaayer V, Kovacs M, Mcdiarmid S, Prato F, Ruth TH, Valliant J. Cyclotron-based production of Tc-99m and other metals. Nucl Med Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(19)30209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cirino P, Wipf A, Romiti R, Mcadams B, Foster S, Kennedy W, Hordinsky M. 436 Scalp neuropathy in dermatomyositis patients with recalcitrant scalp pruritus. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Foster S, Mysliwiec V, Matsangas P. 0515 Excessive Daytime Somnolence in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Adequately Treated with Positive Airway Pressure. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Hurlston A, Foster S, Jennifer C, Mysliwiec V, Brock MS, Matsangas P. 0357 The Utility of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale in U.S. Military Personnel with Sleep Disturbances. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Harvey PJ, Taylor MP, Handley HK, Foster S, Gillings MR, Asher AJ. Corrigendum to "Chemical, biological, and DNA markers for tracing slaughterhouse effluent" [Environ. Res. 156 (2017) 534-541]. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 160:568. [PMID: 28992941 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Hameed F, Prince B, Aldik G, Foster S. An evaluation of services utilised for patients referred with haemoptysis under the lung cancer 2-week-wait pathway to a District General Hospital. Lung Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(18)30046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Geevasinga N, Korgaonkar MS, Menon P, Van den Bos M, Gomes L, Foster S, Kiernan MC, Vucic S. Brain functional connectome abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are associated with disability and cortical hyperexcitability. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:1507-1517. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gafner S, Upton R, Khan I, Cardellina J, Foster S, Blumenthal M. Botanical Ingredient Adulteration – How Commonly Used Analytical Techniques Can Be Fooled. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Harvey PJ, Taylor MP, Handley HK, Foster S, Gillings MR, Asher AJ. Chemical, biological, and DNA markers for tracing slaughterhouse effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:534-541. [PMID: 28432993 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural practices, if not managed correctly, can have a negative impact on receiving environments via waste disposal and discharge. In this study, a chicken slaughter facility on the rural outskirts of Sydney, Australia, has been identified as a possible source of persistent effluent discharge into a peri-urban catchment. Questions surrounding the facility's environmental management practices go back more than four decades. Despite there having never been a definitive determination of the facility's impact on local stream water quality, the New South Wales Environment Protection Authority (NSW EPA) has implemented numerous pollution reduction requirements to manage noise and water pollution at the slaughter facility. However, assessment of compliance remains complicated by potential additional sources of pollution in the catchment. To unravel this long-standing conundrum related to water pollution we apply a forensic, multiple lines of evidence approach to delineate the origin of the likely pollution source(s). Water samples collected between 2014 and 2016 from irrigation pipes and a watercourse exiting the slaughter facility had elevated concentrations of ammonia (max: 63,000µg/L), nitrogen (max: 67,000µg/L) and phosphorus (max: 39,000µg/L), which were significantly higher than samples from adjacent streams that did not receive direct runoff from the facility. Arsenic, sometimes utilised in growth promoting compounds, was detected in water discharging from the facility up to ~4 times (max 3.84µg/L) local background values (<0.5µg/L), with inorganic As(∑V+III) being the dominant species. The spatial association of elevated water pollution to the facility could not unequivocally distinguish a source and consequently DNA analysis of a suspected pollution discharge event was undertaken. Analysis of catchment runoff from several local streams showed that only water sampled at the downstream boundary of the facility tested positive for chicken DNA, with traces of duck DNA being absent, which was a potential confounder given that wild ducks are present in the area. Further, PCR analysis showed that only the discharge water emanating from the slaughter facility tested positive for a generalized marker of anthropogenic pollution, the clinical class 1 integron-integrase gene. The environmental data collected over a three-year period demonstrates that the slaughter facility is indisputably the primary source of water-borne pollution in the catchment. Moreover, application of DNA and PCR for confirming pollution sources demonstrates its potential for application by regulators in fingerprinting pollution sources.
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Foster S, Capener D, Brock MS, Hansen S, Matsangas P, Mysliwiec V. 0826 GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SLEEP DISORDERS AND SERVICE-ASSOCIATED ILLNESSES BETWEEN ACTIVE DUTY MALE AND FEMALE MILITARY PERSONNEL. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Tonkins M, Hardy P, Foster S, Mullins S. Using junior doctors to improve patient care: Creating a clinic to monitor the physical health of patients prescribed clozapine. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIn the United Kingdom, compliance with guidelines on physical health monitoring of patients prescribed clozapine is poor. Our community team established a ‘clozapine clinic’, led by junior doctors, to monitor the physical health of this population.AimsThe aims of this audit were:– to ascertain levels of compliance with guidelines on the physical health monitoring of patients taking clozapine;– to compare the current level of compliance with that prior to the establishment of the clinic.MethodsEleven standards were drawn from National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines and the Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry.Three audit cycles were conducted: two prior to the establishment of the clinic and one after. In each cycle, searches of patient records were conducted and blood results were reviewed. This was supplemented by telephone calls to general practitioners to ensure a complete data set.Analysis was conducted in Microsoft Excel™ and changes between the cycles were analysed using a two-tailed Z-score.ResultsEach audit cycle included 28–30 patients. In the current cycle compliance levels varied between 66% (annual ECG recording) and 100% (monthly full blood count). The average compliance level was 73% across all standards. This represents an overall improvement on previous audit cycles. Since the clinic was established there has been a statistically significant improvement in compliance with annual monitoring of weight (P = 0.147), body mass index (P = 0.0178), and ECG monitoring (P = 0.0244).ConclusionsImprovements in the care of a vulnerable population may be achieved through setting clear standards, regular audit, and harnessing the leadership and enthusiasm of junior doctors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Warrit K, Boscan P, Griffenhagen G, Goh C, Foster S, Southworth L. Ultrasound guided lumbar plexus and sciatic nerve blocks for TPLO surgery in dogs (Preliminary results; Part I). Vet Anaesth Analg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2016.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chen S, Sehnert S, Ash W, Kumar N, Foster S, Yarnall S, Carlsson I. The doctor will tweet you now: expanding access to care through social media engagement. Fertil Steril 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Poss K, Hurliman E, Wendelschafer-Crabb G, Kennedy W, McAdams B, Foster S, Hordinsky M. 689 Regional differences in scalp innervation: A pilot study of the healthy scalp. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Maher W, Krikowa F, Foster S. Decomposition of six common selenium species found in animal tissues using microwave digestion with nitric acid and ICP-MS. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Al Sawah S, Daly R, Foster S, Naegeli A, Benjamin K, Doll H, Bond G, Moshkovich O, Alarcόn G. SAT0423 Understanding Delay in Diagnosis, Access to Care and Satisfaction with Care in Lupus: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Online Survey in the United States. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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