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Kim H, Jeong S, Kim SW, Kim HJ, Kim DY, Yook TH, Yang G. Indigo Naturalis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: mechanisms of action and insights from clinical trials. J Pharmacopuncture 2024; 27:59-69. [PMID: 38948310 PMCID: PMC11194518 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2024.27.2.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Indigo Naturalis (IN) in treating a Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The objective is to comprehensively examine the effects and pharmacological mechanisms of IN on IBD, assessing its potential as an novel treatment for IBD. Analysis of 11 selected papers is conducted to understand the effects of IN, focusing on compounds like indirubin, isatin, indigo, and tryptanthrin. This study evaluates their impact on Disease Activity Index (DAI) score, colon length, mucosal damage, and macrophage infiltration in Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Additionally, It investigate into the anti-inflammatory mechanisms, including Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) pathway activation, Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB)/nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)/Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) inhibition, and modulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88)/NF-κB and Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways. Immunomodulatory effects on T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg cell) balance and Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3-β) expression are also explored. Furthermore, the study addresses the role of IN in restoring intestinal microbiota diversity, reducing pathogenic bacteria, and increasing beneficial bacteria. The findings reveal that IN, particularly indirubin and indigo, demonstrates significant improvements in DAI score, colon length, mucosal damage, and macrophage infiltration in DSS-induced colitis mice. The anti-inflammatory effects are attributed to the activation of the AhR pathway, inhibition of inflammatory pathways, and modulation of immune responses. These results exhibit the potential of IN in IBD treatment. Notably, the restoration of intestinal microbiota diversity and balance further supports its efficacy. IN emerges as a promising and effective treatment for IBD, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects and positive outcomes in preclinical studies. However, potential side effects necessitate further investigation for safe therapeutic development. The study underscores the need for future research to explore a broader range of active ingredients in IN to enhance therapeutic efficacy and safety.
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Abbasi RU, Allen MG, Arimura R, Belz JW, Bergman DR, Blake SA, Shin BK, Buckland IJ, Cheon BG, Fujii T, Fujisue K, Fujita K, Fukushima M, Furlich GD, Gerber ZR, Globus N, Hibino K, Higuchi R, Honda K, Ikeda D, Ito H, Iwasaki A, Jeong S, Jeong HM, Jui CH, Kadota K, Kakimoto F, Kalashev OE, Kasahara K, Kawata K, Kharuk I, Kido E, Kim SW, Kim HB, Kim JH, Kim JH, Komae I, Kubota Y, Kuznetsov MY, Lee KH, Lubsandorzhiev BK, Lundquist JP, Matthews JN, Nagataki S, Nakamura T, Nakazawa A, Nonaka T, Ogio S, Ono M, Oshima H, Park IH, Potts M, Pshirkov S, Remington JR, Rodriguez DC, Rott C, Rubtsov GI, Ryu D, Sagawa H, Sakaki N, Sako T, Sakurai N, Shin H, Smith JD, Sokolsky P, Stokes BT, Stroman TS, Takahashi K, Takeda M, Taketa A, Tameda Y, Thomas S, Thomson GB, Tinyakov PG, Tkachev I, Tomida T, Troitsky SV, Tsunesada Y, Udo S, Urban FR, Wong T, Yamazaki K, Yuma Y, Zhezher YV, Zundel Z. An extremely energetic cosmic ray observed by a surface detector array. Science 2023; 382:903-907. [PMID: 37995237 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo5095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cosmic rays are energetic charged particles from extraterrestrial sources, with the highest-energy events thought to come from extragalactic sources. Their arrival is infrequent, so detection requires instruments with large collecting areas. In this work, we report the detection of an extremely energetic particle recorded by the surface detector array of the Telescope Array experiment. We calculate the particle's energy as [Formula: see text] (~40 joules). Its arrival direction points back to a void in the large-scale structure of the Universe. Possible explanations include a large deflection by the foreground magnetic field, an unidentified source in the local extragalactic neighborhood, or an incomplete knowledge of particle physics.
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Oh E, Lee J, Cho S, Kim SW, Won K, Shin WS, Gwak SH, Ha J, Jeon SY, Park JH, Song IS, Thoudam T, Lee IK, Kim S, Choi SY, Kim KT. Gossypetin Prevents the Progression of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Regulating Oxidative Stress and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 104:214-229. [PMID: 37595967 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe liver metabolic disorder, however, there are still no effective and safe drugs for its treatment. Previous clinical trials used various therapeutic approaches to target individual pathologic mechanisms, but these approaches were unsuccessful because of the complex pathologic causes of NASH. Combinatory therapy in which two or more drugs are administered simultaneously to patients with NASH, however, carries the risk of side effects associated with each individual drug. To solve this problem, we identified gossypetin as an effective dual-targeting agent that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decreases oxidative stress. Administration of gossypetin decreased hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation and liver fibrosis in the liver tissue of mice with choline-deficient high-fat diet and methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD) diet-induced NASH. Gossypetin functioned directly as an antioxidant agent, decreasing hydrogen peroxide and palmitate-induced oxidative stress in the AML12 cells and liver tissue of MCD diet-fed mice without regulating the antioxidant response factors. In addition, gossypetin acted as a novel AMPK activator by binding to the allosteric drug and metabolite site, which stabilizes the activated structure of AMPK. Our findings demonstrate that gossypetin has the potential to serve as a novel therapeutic agent for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease /NASH. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study demonstrates that gossypetin has preventive effect to progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as a novel AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator and antioxidants. Our findings indicate that simultaneous activation of AMPK and oxidative stress using gossypetin has the potential to serve as a novel therapeutic approach for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease /NASH patients.
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Kim SW, Cho WK, Kim H, Park W. Reappraisal of an Adequate Negative Margin Following Breast Conservation Therapy in Young Patients with Invasive Breast Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e186-e187. [PMID: 37784815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) This study aimed to examine the relationship between resection margin (RM) width and ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR). The current definition of an adequate negative margin was validated in young breast cancer patients (<40 years). MATERIALS/METHODS This study included 4,042 patients who underwent breast conservation therapy between 2006 and 2012. There were 595 women <40 years (14.7%). Re-excision to achieve a wider RM was not considered in patients with no ink on tumor. Systemic treatments were administered in 3,985 patients (98.6%). The impact of RM width on the incidence of IBTR was assessed using narrowly specified intervals (positive, >0 to <1 mm, 1 to <2 mm, 2 to <3 mm, and ≥3 mm). RESULTS A significant relationship was observed between RM width and incidence of IBTR. In young women, the 10-year cumulative incidence rates of IBTR were 21.6% for positive RM, 13.9% for >0 to <1 mm, 10.9% for 1 to <2 mm, 5.7% for 2 to <3 mm, and 5.8% for ≥3 mm (p <0.01). The corresponding incidence rates of IBTR in women ≥40 years were 8.6%, 8.0%, 4.4%, 2.7%, and 2.1%, respectively (p <0.01). The difference in the incidence of IBTR between each RM width interval increased over time, and the magnitude of the increment was greater in young women. RM width was the only risk factor for IBTR in young women. CONCLUSION The relationship between RM width and IBTR was definite in young women. Compared with women ≥40 years, young women might have long-term benefits from a wider RM than no ink on tumor.
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An J, Choi SP, Oh JH, Zhu JH, Kim SW, Kim SH. The Association between the L3 Skeletal Muscle Index Derived from Computed Tomography and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in the Emergency Department. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5024. [PMID: 37568426 PMCID: PMC10420275 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of a critical event during a urinary tract infection (UTI) can have a significant impact on mortality. This study aimed to investigate the association between the skeletal muscle index (SMI) and critical events in patients with a UTI. From April 2019 to March 2022, a total of 478 patients who met the diagnostic criteria of a UTI and underwent an abdominal CT were included in this study. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess independent predictors of critical events. The primary outcome was any critical event, defined as the initiation of dialysis, invasive ventilation, initiation of vasoactive medications, cardiac arrest, or death. The UTI patients were divided into two groups: those with a low SMI (n = 93) and those with a high SMI (n = 385). In multivariate analysis, a low SMI, diabetes mellitus, altered mentality, lactate levels, and creatinine levels were identified as significant predictors of critical events. A low SMI is an independent factor associated with the occurrence of critical events in UTI patients during hospitalization. Patients with a low SMI, indicating muscle wasting, may have less resilience to infections and a higher risk of experiencing severe complications. Considering the SMI along with other clinical factors can help health care providers assess and manage UTI patients.
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Chan YKS, Affendi YA, Ang PO, Baria-Rodriguez MV, Chen CA, Chui APY, Giyanto, Glue M, Huang H, Kuo CY, Kim SW, Lam VYY, Lane DJW, Lian JS, Lin SMNN, Lunn Z, Nañola CL, Nguyen VL, Park HS, Suharsono, Sutthacheep M, Vo ST, Vibol O, Waheed Z, Yamano H, Yeemin T, Yong E, Kimura T, Tun K, Chou LM, Huang D. Decadal stability in coral cover could mask hidden changes on reefs in the East Asian Seas. Commun Biol 2023; 6:630. [PMID: 37301948 PMCID: PMC10257672 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs in the Central Indo-Pacific region comprise some of the most diverse and yet threatened marine habitats. While reef monitoring has grown throughout the region in recent years, studies of coral reef benthic cover remain limited in spatial and temporal scales. Here, we analysed 24,365 reef surveys performed over 37 years at 1972 sites throughout East Asia by the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network using Bayesian approaches. Our results show that overall coral cover at surveyed reefs has not declined as suggested in previous studies and compared to reef regions like the Caribbean. Concurrently, macroalgal cover has not increased, with no indications of phase shifts from coral to macroalgal dominance on reefs. Yet, models incorporating socio-economic and environmental variables reveal negative associations of coral cover with coastal urbanisation and sea surface temperature. The diversity of reef assemblages may have mitigated cover declines thus far, but climate change could threaten reef resilience. We recommend prioritisation of regionally coordinated, locally collaborative long-term studies for better contextualisation of monitoring data and analyses, which are essential for achieving reef conservation goals.
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Kim SW, Lee JH, Kim B, Yang G, Kim JU. Natural Products as the Potential to Improve Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108827. [PMID: 37240173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are the two most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world, and their incidence rates are increasing as our society ages. This creates a significant social and economic burden. Although the exact cause and treatment methods for these diseases are not yet known, research suggests that Alzheimer's disease is caused by amyloid precursor protein, while α-synuclein acts as a causative agent in Parkinson's disease. The accumulation of abnormal proteins such as these can lead to symptoms such as loss of protein homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, which ultimately result in the death of nerve cells and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The medications currently available for these diseases only delay their progression and have many adverse effects, which has led to increased interest in developing natural products with fewer adverse effects. In this study, we selected specific keywords and thesis content to investigate natural products that are effective in treating Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. We reviewed 16 papers on natural products and found that they showed promising mechanisms of action such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondrial function improvement. Other natural products with similar properties could also be considered potential treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, and they can be consumed as part of a healthy diet rather than as medicine.
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Kim SW, Andronis L, Seppänen AV, Aubert AM, Barros H, Draper ES, Sentenac M, Zeitlin J, Petrou S. Health-related quality of life of children born very preterm: a multinational European cohort study. Qual Life Res 2023; 32:47-58. [PMID: 35976599 PMCID: PMC9829588 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-022-03217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to (1) describe the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes experienced by children born very preterm (28-31 weeks' gestation) and extremely preterm (< 28 weeks' gestation) at five years of age and (2) explore the mediation effects of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and severe non-respiratory neonatal morbidity on those outcomes. METHODS This investigation was based on data for 3687 children born at < 32 weeks' gestation that contributed to the EPICE and SHIPS studies conducted in 19 regions across 11 European countries. Descriptive statistics and multi-level ordinary linear squares (OLS) regression were used to explore the association between perinatal and sociodemographic characteristics and PedsQL™ GCS scores. A mediation analysis that applied generalised structural equation modelling explored the association between potential mediators and PedsQL™ GCS scores. RESULTS The multi-level OLS regression (fully adjusted model) revealed that birth at < 26 weeks' gestation, BPD status and experience of severe non-respiratory morbidity were associated with mean decrements in the total PedsQL™ GCS score of 0.35, 3.71 and 5.87, respectively. The mediation analysis revealed that the indirect effects of BPD and severe non-respiratory morbidity on the total PedsQL™ GCS score translated into decrements of 1.73 and 17.56, respectively, at < 26 weeks' gestation; 0.99 and 10.95, respectively, at 26-27 weeks' gestation; and 0.34 and 4.80, respectively, at 28-29 weeks' gestation (referent: birth at 30-31 weeks' gestation). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that HRQoL is particularly impaired by extremely preterm birth and the concomitant complications of preterm birth such as BPD and severe non-respiratory morbidity.
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Kim SW, Lee JH, Kim H, Lee SH, Jeong D, Kim HS, Lee CJ, Kim DY, Yook TH, Yang G. Improvement Effect of Soyeom Pharmacopuncture on Gout via NLRP3 Inflammasome Regulation. J Pharmacopuncture 2022; 25:396-403. [PMID: 36628347 PMCID: PMC9806156 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2022.25.4.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Gout is an inflammatory arthritis of the joints and soft tissues occurring due to deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, which are caused by persistent hyperuricemia. Soyeom pharmacopuncture is one treatment method that has been traditionally used for pain management in Oriental medicine. However, studies on its effect in reducing gout pain have been insufficient. Therefore, we selected Soyeom pharmacopuncture among natural products used in Korea as the new target of our study. Methods The effects of Soyeom pharmacopuncture were examined in mouse models of acute gout induced by injection of MSU crystals into footpads. IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production were examined by immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as hallmarks of NLRP3 inflammasome and cytokine activation. Results Soyeom pharmacopuncture reduced foot edema in gout-induced mice, as well as IL-1β, nitrite, IL-6, and TNF-α production. Moreover, Soyeom pharmacopuncture also reduced MSU-induced gout inflammatory gene expressions, specifically those in the NF-kB pathway. Conclusion Pharmacopuncture may serve as a new solution for other inflammatory diseases as well. Through active follow-up studies, we could thoroughly understand the clinical value of Soyeom pharmacopuncture.
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Bae SA, Cha JJ, Kim SW, Lim S, Kim JH, Joo HJ, Park JH, Park SM, Hong SJ, Yu CW, Lim DS, Jeong MH, Ahn TH. Effect of an early invasive strategy based on time of symptom onset in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A limitation of the current guidelines of the timing of invasive coronary angiography (ICA) for patients with non-ST-segment elevation (NSTE) acute coronary syndrome is based on randomization time. So far, no study has reported the clinical outcomes of invasive strategy timing based on the time of symptom onset. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of invasive strategy timing from the time of symptom onset on the 3-year clinical outcomes of patients with NSTE myocardial infarction (MI).
Methods and results
Among 13,104 patients from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institutes of Health, we evaluated 5,856 patients with NSTEMI. The patients were categorized according to symptom-to-catheter (StC) time (<48 h and ≥48 h). The primary outcome was 3-year all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcome was a 3-year composite of all-cause mortality, recurrent MI, and hospitalization for heart failure. Overall, 3,919 (66.9%) patients were classified into the StC time <48 h group. This group had lower all-cause mortality than the StC time ≥48 h group (7.3% vs. 13.4%, p<0.001). The continuous association of StC time and risk of primary and secondary endpoints showed shorter StC time (reference: 48 h), and lower adjusted hazard ratio reduction was observed. In multivariable analysis, independent predictors of delayed ICA were older age, non-specific symptoms, no use of emergency medical services, no ST-segment deviation, chronic kidney disease, and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events score >140.
Conclusion
Early invasive strategy based on the StC time improves all-cause mortality in patients with NSTEMI.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Doo JG, Min HK, Choi GW, Kim SW, Min JY. Analysis of predisposing factors in unilateral maxillary sinus fungal ball: the predictive role of odontogenic and anatomical factors. Rhinology 2022; 60:377-383. [PMID: 35856790 DOI: 10.4193/rhin22.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of maxillary sinus fungal ball (MSFB) is explained by aerogenic and odontogenic factors. We evaluated the predisposing factors, including intranasal anatomical and dental factors for increased diagnostic accuracy. METHODOLOGY In this study, 117 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for unilateral MSFB were included. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were used to analyze the presence of anatomical variations (anterior and posterior nasal septal deviation (NSD), concha bullosa (CB), infraorbital cell (haller cell), paradoxical middle turbinate, everted uncinate process and MS size). Dental factors including history of dental procedures and findings on CT scans were reviewed. RESULTS Anterior and posterior NSD toward non-affected side were significantly associated with the presence of FB. The presence of CB and infraorbital cell was higher in the non-affected side rather than in the lesion side. Compared to non-affected MS, FB-presence MS was shallower and had a larger height to depth ratio. The presence of dental history was significantly higher on FB-presence MS than non-affected MS. In multivariable analysis, posterior NSD toward non-affected side, dental history increased the aOR of MSFB, while the presence of CB and infraorbital cell decreased the aOR of MSFB. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of MSFB seems to be associated with ipsilateral odontogenic factors, followed by anatomic variations including posterior NSD toward non-affected side and absence of CB and infraorbital cell.
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Jang YW, Yoon Y, Maharjan R, Yi H, Jeong M, Hong SY, Lee MH, Kim SW, Kim JI, Yang JW. First Report of Pseudomonas cichorii Causing Bacterial vein necrosis on Perilla plants [ Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton.] in South Korea. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 107:549. [PMID: 35700520 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-22-0143-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perilla (Perilla frutescens L.) is the second most important upland crop and the third largest edible oil crop in Korea (Shin and Kim 1994). During a disease survey in Busan, Korea in September 2021, symptoms of vein necrosis were observed in perilla plants, with incidences of approximately 30% and 50% in two fields. Symptoms of spots on the perilla appeared as leaf dryness and spots with water-soaked blotches largely concentrated on the mid-veins of leaves. The lesions were initiated with water-soaked spots on the leaf or stem and gradually turned black or brown. Necrosis was also observed in the stems. A bacterium was isolated on Luria-Bertani (LB) agar from diseased leaf tissues that were surface-disinfected with 70% ethyl alcohol for 3-5 min and then washed with sterile water three times. Three pieces of sterilized leaf tissue (size: 0.5 × 0.5 cm) were mixed with 500 µL sterile water for 30 min, and then the suspension was serially diluted and spread on LB agar. Subsequently, isolates were cultivated on LB agar and King's Medium B agar (KMB) (Schaad et al. 2001), and they were predominantly cream-colored and circular bacterial colonies with undulated margins. The bacterial colonies on KMB displayed fluorescence under 365 nm UV light. The isolates were analyzed with the GEN III MicroPlate (Biolog, Hayward, CA, USA), and all isolates were identified as Pseudomonas cichorii, a devastating plant bacterium that damages a wide range of host plants worldwide, including in South Korea (Hikichi et al. 2013; Ramkumar et al. 2015). To identify the species of the bacterial pathogen, genomic DNA of four isolates (BS4922, BS4167, BS4345, and BS4560) was extracted, and the 16S rRNA gene and hrcRST gene were amplified with universal primers, 27F/1492R and Hcr1/Hcr2, and sequencing was then done (Patel et al. 2019). In the BLAST analysis, the 16S rRNA sequences (GenBank OM060656, OM275434, OM275435, OM275436) showed a 100% and 99% similarity to P. cichorii strains MAFF 302698 (AB724286) and P. cichorii strain Pc-Gd-4 (KU923373), respectively. Further, hrcRST gene sequences (GenBank OM143596, OM268864, OM268865, and OM268866) showed high similarity (>99%) with P. cichorii strain P16-51 (MG518230). A pathogenicity test of the four isolates was performed on 3 - 4 weeks old perilla plants by creating wounds with a needle on the lower leaves and stems, and then the plants were inoculated by spraying inoculum (108 CFU/ml). The plants that served as the negative control were wounded and sprayed with unsterilized water. The inoculated perilla plants were placed in a greenhouse at 28 ± 2oC , 80-85% relative humidity, and a natural photoperiod. The inoculation site began to show symptoms of water-soaked brown lesions. Disease symptoms such as leaf dryness, water-soaked blotches on the mid-vein of leaves, and necrosis on plant stems were observed in the inoculated plants 7-10 days after inoculation, whereas the plants of the negative control group did not show any symptoms. The bacteria were re-isolated from the diseased tissues of the plants, and DNA sequence analysis identified them as P. cichorii. Additionally, all isolates induced hypersensitivity reactions in tobacco and tomato leaves within 24 h after inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. cichorii infecting perilla in South Korea. The findings in this study will provide the basic information for the development of diagnostic tools and management measures against P. cichorii in perilla.
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Holanda DM, Kim SW. Impacts of weaning weights and mycotoxin challenges on jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota, intestinal and systemic health, and growth performance of nursery pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:43. [PMID: 35413935 PMCID: PMC9006406 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed at investigating the effects of mycotoxin challenge on the growth and physiology of nursery pigs with different weaning weights. Results At weaning, 10 pigs were euthanized to collect jejunal mucosa and 90 pigs were assigned following a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 3 pigs per pen. Factors were: weaning weight (light: body weight, BW < 7.5 kg or heavy: BW > 9.0 kg); and dietary mycotoxins (supplementation of 0.2 mg/kg aflatoxins, 2.0 mg/kg deoxynivalenol). All diets had titanium dioxide as an external marker at 0.5%. Growth performance and fecal score were recorded until pigs achieved 20 kg BW (light pigs average BW = 21.1 kg and heavy pigs average BW = 20.5 kg). Pigs were sampled for blood, ileal digesta, jejunal tissue and mucosa at 20 kg BW. Data were analyzed using the mixed procedure of SAS. At weaning, light pigs had decreased (P < 0.05) jejunal interleukin-8, increased (P < 0.05) tumor necrosis factor-α, and increased (P < 0.05) α-diversity indexes of jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota. At 20 kg of BW, light pigs had decreased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G/F). Mycotoxins decreased (P < 0.05) BW, ADG, ADFI, and G/F. Light pigs tended to have increased fecal score on d 0 (P = 0.080), d 10 (P = 0.069), and increased (P < 0.05) fecal score at 20 kg. Mycotoxins decreased the apparent ileal digestibility of nitrogen (P < 0.05). Light pigs had increased (P < 0.05) intestinal malondialdehydes and interleukin 8. Mycotoxins tended to increase (P = 0.060) intestinal tumor necrosis factor-α. Conclusions Nursery pigs with light weaning weight were more susceptible to jejunal inflammation and had impaired intestinal health due to weaning stress, whereas mycotoxins diminished the health and growth of nursery pigs regardless of weaning weight.
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Seppänen AV, Draper ES, Petrou S, Barros H, Aubert AM, Andronis L, Kim SW, Maier RF, Pedersen P, Gadzinowski J, Lebeer J, Ådén U, Toome L, van Heijst A, Cuttini M, Zeitlin J. High Healthcare Use at Age 5 Years in a European Cohort of Children Born Very Preterm. J Pediatr 2022; 243:69-77.e9. [PMID: 34921871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe parent-reported healthcare service use at age 5 years in children born very preterm and investigate whether perinatal and social factors and the use of very preterm follow-up services are associated with high service use. STUDY DESIGN We used data from an area-based cohort of births at <32 weeks of gestation from 11 European countries, collected from birth records and parental questionnaires at 5 years of age. Using the published literature, we defined high use of outpatient/inpatient care (≥4 sick visits to general practitioners, pediatricians, or nurses, ≥3 emergency room visits, or ≥1 overnight hospitalization) and specialist care (≥2 different specialists or ≥3 visits). We also categorized countries as having either a high or a low rate of children using very preterm follow-up services at age 5 years. RESULTS Overall, 43% of children had high outpatient/inpatient care use and 48% had high specialist care use during the previous year. Perinatal factors were associated with high outpatient/inpatient and specialist care use, with a more significant association with specialist services. Associations with intermediate parental educational level and unemployment were stronger for outpatient/inpatient services. Living in a country with higher rates of very preterm follow-up service use was associated with lower use of outpatient/inpatient services. CONCLUSIONS Children born very preterm had high healthcare service use at age 5 years, with different patterns for outpatient/inpatient and specialist care by perinatal and social factors. Longer follow-up of children born very preterm may improve care coordination and help avoid undesirable health service use.
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Lee YJ, Kim SW, Jung MH, Kim YS, Kim KS, Suh DS, Kim KH, Choi EH, Kim J, Kwon BS. Plasma-activated medium inhibits cancer stem cell-like properties and exhibits a synergistic effect in combination with cisplatin in ovarian cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:276-288. [PMID: 35276382 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have been implicated in tumor recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the antitumor effect of plasma-activated medium (PAM) in various carcinomas, including ovarian cancer. Thus, PAM represents a novel onco-therapeutic strategy. However, its impact on ovarian CSCs is unclear. Here, we show that ovarian CSCs resistant to high-dose conventional chemotherapeutic agents used for ovarian cancer treatment exhibited dose-dependent sensitivity to PAM. In addition, PAM treatment reduced the expression of stem cell markers and sphere formation, along with the aldehyde dehydrogenase- or CD133-positive cell population. We further investigated the effect of PAM in combination with other chemotherapeutics on ovarian CSCs in vitro. PAM exhibited synergistic cytotoxicity with cisplatin (CDDP) but not with paclitaxel and doxorubicin. In a peritoneal metastasis xenograft model established via intraperitoneal spheroid injection, PAM intraperitoneal therapy significantly suppressed peritoneal carcinomatosis (tumor size and number), with a more significant decrease observed due to the combined effects of PAM and CDDP with no side effects. Taken together, our results indicate that PAM inhibits ovarian CSC traits and exhibits synergetic cytotoxicity with CDDP, demonstrating PAM as a promising intraparietal chemotherapy for enhancing antitumor efficacy and reducing side effects.
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Pyun SB, Kim MG, Kim SW, Song JE, Jeon HI, Kim S, Park SJ, Cho EC. Optically Left-Handed Nanopearl Beads with Inductance-Capacitance Circuits at Visible-Near-Infrared Frequencies Based on Scalable Methods. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:7121-7129. [PMID: 35099922 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optically left-handed materials refract the propagating light in the opposite direction. Most research has focused on the design of various structures, including split-ring resonators, either on planes or in particle cluster forms to resonate with specific light frequencies. However, for particle-based materials, the circuital structures for optical left-handedness have not been fully understood and the effect of interior structure on the optical handedness have not been investigated. Additionally, scalable methods to deploy the unique characteristics of the materials have not been reported so far and are still urgent. Here, optically left-handed nanopearl beads are synthesized in up to 1.25 L solutions. Nanopearl beads contain assembled Au nanocolloids, a dielectric sphere, and a thin silica layer that fixes the assembled structures to sustainably yield unique inductance-capacitance circuits at specific visible-near-infrared frequencies. The frequencies are tunable by modulating the interior structures. Investigation of the circuit structures and Poynting vectors generated within the nanopearl beads suggest the likelihood of their left-handedness. Moreover, the effects of interior structures on the optical handedness of the nanopearl beads are extensively investigated. The results could help commercialize optically left-handed materials and pioneer fields that have not been realized so far.
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Jeon YJ, Lee TH, Joo YH, Cho HJ, Kim SW, Park B, Choi HG. Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national health screening cohort. Rhinology 2022; 60:29-38. [PMID: 35157750 DOI: 10.4193/rhin21-211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases and is characterized by sinonasal inflammation that lasts longer than 12 weeks. Whether the effect of chronic inflammation caused by CRS on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is similar to its effect on other inflammatory disorders has not been thoroughly evaluated. We aimed to demonstrate whether CRS patients have a higher prevalence of CVDs, including stroke and ischemic heart disease (IHD). METHODOLOGY We compared the prevalence of various comorbidities between CRS and control participants through a case-control cohort study from 2002 to 2015 that included 514,866 participants. CRS (n=6,552) and control (n=26,208) participants who were over 40 years old were selected by matching age, sex, income, and area of residence at a 1:4 ratio. RESULTS A stratified Cox proportional hazards model was utilized to assess the hazard ratio (HR) of CRS for stroke and IHD. The HRs for stroke and IHD were significantly increased in CRS patients compared to controls after adjusting for obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, hemoglobin, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores. The HR of stroke was significantly higher in the absence of nasal polyps than in the presence of nasal polyps. The HR of IHD was significantly increased in the CRS group regardless of the presence of nasal polyps. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that CRS participants had a significantly higher prevalence of stroke and IHD.
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Seppänen AV, Draper ES, Petrou S, Barros H, Andronis L, Kim SW, Maier RF, Pedersen P, Gadzinowski J, Lebeer J, Ådén U, Toome L, van Heijst AFJ, Cuttini M, Zeitlin J. Follow-up after very preterm birth in Europe. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2022; 107:113-114. [PMID: 33568495 PMCID: PMC8685613 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kim SW, Hong IK, Kim M, Song YS, Kim KT. hnRNP Q and hnRNP A1 Regulate the Translation of Cofilin in Response to Transient Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation in Hippocampal Neurons. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123567. [PMID: 34944075 PMCID: PMC8700186 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregates of cofilin and actin have been found in neurons under oxygen-glucose deprivation. However, the regulatory mechanism behind the expression of Cfl1 during oxygen-glucose deprivation remains unclear. Here, we found that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP) Q and hnRNP A1 regulate the translation of Cfl1 mRNA, and formation of cofilin-actin aggregates. The interaction between hnRNP A1 and Cfl1 mRNA was interrupted by hnRNP Q under normal conditions, while the changes in the expression and localization of hnRNP Q and hnRNP A1 increased such interaction, as did the translation of Cfl1 mRNA under oxygen-glucose deprived conditions. These findings reveal a new translational regulatory mechanism of Cfl1 mRNA in hippocampal neurons under oxygen-glucose deprivation.
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Kwon PK, Kim SW, De R, Jeong SW, Kim KT. Isoprocurcumenol Supports Keratinocyte Growth and Survival through Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212579. [PMID: 34830467 PMCID: PMC8625800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although proliferation of keratinocytes, a major type of skin cells, is a key factor in maintaining the function of skin, their ability to proliferate tends to diminish with age. To solve such a problem, researchers in medical and skin cosmetic fields have tried to utilize epidermal growth factor (EGF), but achieved limited success. Therefore, a small natural compound that can mimic the activity of EGF is highly desired in both medical and cosmetic fields. Here, using the modified biosensor system, we observed that natural small-compound isoprocurcumenol, which is a terpenoid molecule derived from turmeric, can activate EGFR signaling. It increased the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT, and upregulated the expression of genes related to cell growth and proliferation, such as c-myc, c-jun, c-fos, and egr-1. In addition, isoprocurcumenol induced the proliferation of keratinocytes in both physical and UVB-induced cellular damage, indicative of its function in skin regeneration. These findings reveal that EGF-like isoprocurcumenol promotes the proliferation of keratinocytes and further suggest its potential as an ingredient for medical and cosmetics use.
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Ryu HG, Jung Y, Lee N, Seo JY, Kim SW, Lee KH, Kim DY, Kim KT. HNRNP A1 Promotes Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation by Modulating VRK1 Translation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115506. [PMID: 34071140 PMCID: PMC8197126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
THeterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (HNRNP) A1 is the most abundant and ubiquitously expressed member of the HNRNP protein family. In recent years, it has become more evident that HNRNP A1 contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is known about the underlying role of HNRNP A1 in cancer development. Here, we report that HNRNP A1 expression is significantly increased in lung cancer tissues and is negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients with lung cancer. Additionally, HNRNP A1 positively regulates vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) translation via binding directly to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of VRK1 mRNA, thus increasing cyclin D1 (CCND1) expression by VRK1-mediated phosphorylation of the cAMP response element–binding protein (CREB). Furthermore, HNRNP A1 binding to the cis-acting region of the 3′UTR of VRK1 mRNA contributes to increased lung cancer cell proliferation. Thus, our study unveils a novel role of HNRNP A1 in lung carcinogenesis via post-transcriptional regulation of VRK1 expression and suggests its potential as a therapeutic target for patients with lung cancer.
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Kwon PK, Kim HM, Kang B, Kim SW, Hwang SM, Im SH, Roh TY, Kim KT. hnRNP K supports the maintenance of RORγ circadian rhythm through ERK signaling. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21507. [PMID: 33724572 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002076r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) maintains the circadian rhythms of its downstream genes. However, the mechanism behind the transcriptional activation of RORγ itself remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that transcription of RORγ is activated by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) via the poly(C) motif within its proximal promoter. Interestingly, we confirmed the binding of endogenous hnRNP K within RORγ1 and RORγ2 promoter along with the recruitment of RNA polymerase 2 through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Furthermore, an assay for transposase accessible chromatin (ATAC)-qPCR showed that hnRNP K induced higher chromatin accessibility within the RORγ1 and RORγ2 promoter. Then we found that the knockdown of hnRNP K lowers RORγ mRNA oscillation amplitude in both RORγ and RORγ-dependent metabolic genes. Moreover, we demonstrated that time-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation controls mRNA oscillation of RORγ and RORγ-dependent metabolic genes through hnRNP K. Taken together, our results provide new insight into the regulation of RORγ by hnRNP K as a transcriptional activator, along with its physiological significance in metabolism.
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Kim SW, Kang SH, Kim SJ, Lee S. Estimating the phase volume fraction of multi-phase steel via unsupervised deep learning. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5902. [PMID: 33723290 PMCID: PMC7971040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced high strength steel (AHSS) is a steel of multi-phase microstructure that is processed under several conditions to meet the current high-performance requirements from the industry. Deep neural network (DNN) has emerged as a promising tool in materials science for the task of estimating the phase volume fraction of these steels. Despite its advantages, one of its major drawbacks is its requirement of a sufficient amount of training data with correct labels to the network. This often comes as a challenge in many areas where obtaining data and labeling it is extremely labor-intensive. To overcome this challenge, an unsupervised way of learning DNN, which does not require any manual labeling, is proposed. Information maximizing generative adversarial network (InfoGAN) is used to learn the underlying probability distribution of each phase and generate realistic sample points with class labels. Then, the generated data is used for training an MLP classifier, which in turn predicts the labels for the original dataset. The result shows a mean relative error of 4.53% at most, while it can be as low as 0.73%, which implies the estimated phase fraction closely matches the true phase fraction. This presents the high feasibility of using the proposed methodology for fast and precise estimation of phase volume fraction in both industry and academia.
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Kim SW, Oh JS, Park J, Jeong HH, Oh YM, Choi S, Choi KH. Neuroprotective effect of paricalcitol in a rat model of transient global cerebral ischemia. Int J Emerg Med 2020; 13:30. [PMID: 32522270 PMCID: PMC7288434 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-020-00289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paricalcitol is known to attenuate ischemic-reperfusion injury of various organs. However, it is not known whether paricalcitol prevents neuronal injury after global cerebral ischemia. The purpose of this study is to investigate the neuroprotective effect of paricalcitol in a rat model of transient global cerebral ischemia. Methods This is a prospective, randomized experimental study. Male Sprague-Dawley rats that survived 10 min of four-vessel occlusion were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: one group was treated with paricalcitol 1 μg/kg IP, and the other was given an equivalent volume of normal saline IP. Drugs were administered at 5 min, 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days after ischemia. Neurologic function was assessed at 2 h, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, and 4 days after ischemia. We tested motor function 3 days after ischemia using the rotarod test. Also, we tested memory function 4 days after ischemia using the passive avoidance test. We assessed neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus of surviving rats 4 days after ischemia. Results Eight rats were allocated to each group. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of survival rate, motor coordination, or memory function. The neurological function score 2-h post-ischemia was significantly higher in the paricalcitol group (p = 0.04). Neuronal degeneration was significantly less in the paricalcitol group compared with the control group (p = 0.01). Conclusions Paricalcitol significantly attenuated neuronal injury in the hippocampus. Although motor coordination, memory function, and survival rate were not significantly improved by paricalcitol treatment in this study, paricalcitol remains a potential neuroprotective drug after global cerebral ischemia.
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Kim SW, Jeon HR, Jung HJ, Kim JA, Song JE, Kim J. Clinical Characteristics of Developmentally Delayed Children based on Interdisciplinary Evaluation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8148. [PMID: 32424178 PMCID: PMC7235222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the clinical characteristics of children suspected to have neurodevelopmental disorders and to present features that could be helpful diagnostic clues at the clinical assessment stage. All children who visited the interdisciplinary clinic for developmental problems from May 2001 to December 2014 were eligible for this study. Medical records of the children were reviewed. A total of 1,877 children were enrolled in this study. Most children were classified into four major diagnostic groups: global developmental delay (GDD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental language disorder (DLD) and motor delay (MD). GDD was the most common (43.9%), and boys were significantly more predominant than girls in all groups. When evaluating the predictive power of numerous risk factors, the probability of GDD was lower than the probability of ASD among boys, while the probability of GDD increased as independent walking age increased. Compared with GDD and DLD, the probability of GDD was increased when there was neonatal history or when the independent walking age was late. Comparison of ASD and DLD showed that the probability of ASD decreased when a maternal history was present, whereas the probability of ASD increased with male gender. To conclude, the present study revealed the clinical features of children with various neurodevelopmental disorders. These results are expected to be helpful for more effectively flagging children with potential neurodevelopmental disorders in the clinical setting.
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