Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Conversion of type A to type B electrocardiographic changes

This paper reports a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome who presented with a tachycardia showing an unusual QRS morphology closely resembling that of a ventricular tachycardia. On reversal to a normal rhythm the electrocardiogram showed changes of a type A preexcitation, with subsequent conversion to a type B pattern. This phenomenon was observed on two separate occasions. Such conversion would suggest the presence of two distinct sites for bypass location resulting in preexcitation, thus lending support to the theory of aberrant atrioventricular conduction via a bundle of Kent or neuromuscular tissue connecting atrium to ventricle. The configuration of the QRS complexes during the tachycardia would appear to be due to a circus movement with antegrade anomalous atrioventricular conduction and retrograde atrial stimulation via the bundle of His, although in this case, due to the presence of two distinct anomalous atrioventricular conduction pathways, both antegrade and retrograde conduction via these two pathways alone cannot be excluded.

Radiological changes in hepatic amoebiasis

Radiological abnormalities were observed in 88·3% of patients with the syndrome of hepatic amoebiasis. While this figure is higher than those reported in previous studies, it appears that it is due to the large number of patients who showed an elevation of the diaphragm in the right lateral views of the chest. It was observed that a proportion of the patients with an elevation of the right dome of the diaphragm in the lateral views showed no significant elevation in the postero-anterior views, these patients constituting a radiologically distinct group. It is thus important that lateral views of the chest should be performed routinely in all cases of suspected hepatic amoebiasis.

Cases of proved hepatic abscesses also conform to one or other of the radiological groups described. Abscesses situated inferiorly or anteriorly in the liver could be associated with an elevation of the right dome of the diaphragm.

While chest radiology is of importance in the diagnosis of the syndrome of hepatic amoebiasis, it is not peculiar to this syndrome alone and is of only relative diagnostic value in clinically differentiating the cases where pus may be demonstrated from the cases where pus may not be demonstrable.

Synthesis and desulfurization-decarboxylation of cyclic thionocarbonates of glycerol 1-ethers

A method is described for the synthesis of cyclic thionocarbonates of 1-O-alkyl glycerols in quantitative yield. These derivatives of glycerol ethers can be quantitated by UV absorbance, analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography, or quantitatively converted to allyl alkyl ethers for gas-chromatographic analysis.

Studies on the preparation and analysis of glyceryl ether derivatives and the isolation and reductive ozonolysis of unsaturated glyceryl ethers

Glyceryl ethers were identified and quantified by the GLC analysis of their alkyl iodide (special conditions described), acetonide and allyl alkyl ether derivatives. The acetoxy-mercuri-methoxy derivatives of unsaturated glyceryl ether swere separated from saturated glyceryl ethers by TLC and the fractions were analyzed as alkyl iodides. Monoiodides from saturated glyceryl ethers and diiodides from unsaturated glyceryl ethers were also separated by TLC and then analyzed. Allyl alkyl ethers had small retention volumes and these derivatives were separated into pure fractions by preparative GLC. Ozonides were reduced either to alcohols with lithium aluminum hydrodie or to aldehydes with dimethyl sulfide. The alcohols were converted to mono- and diiodides which were separated by TLC and analyzed by GLC. The recovery of n-C(6) and n-C(7) monoiodides was not quantitative. Diiodides and aldehydes were both identified and quantified by GLC. Ozonolysis data suggest that the 16ratio1 glyceryl ethers from dogfish liver oil contain 7,8 and 9,10 isomers and the 18ratio1 glyceryl ethers contain 9,10 and 11,12 isomers.

New method for the reductive ozonolysis of double bonds in monoenoic fatty acid methyl esters

Unsaturated methyl esters were cleaved to aldehydes and aldehydo-esters by ozonolysis followed by reduction with dimethyl sulfide after conversion to hydroperoxides. Cleavage products were identified by thin-layer chromatography and quantified by temperature programmed gas-liquid chromatography.

Synthesis of fatty aldehydes and their cyclic acetals (new derivatives for the analysis of plasmalogens)

Saturated and unsaturated fatty aldehydes were prepared in good yield by the reduction of acid chlorides with lithium aluminum tri-t-butoxy hydride. Saturated odd and even numbered aldehydes were prepared by the ozonolysis-reduction of 1-alkenes. Ozonides were hydrogenated with a Lindlar catalyst or reduced with dimethyl sulfide. Several diols, including 1,3-propanediol and ethylene glycol, were used to synthesize cyclic acetals from aldehydes and plasmalogens in quantitative yield. Cyclic acetals were synthesized from 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazones when an exchanger such as acetone or acetylacetone was included in the reaction mixture. A number of physical and chemical properties indicate that cyclic acetals are stable compounds which do not decompose during storage or gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) analysis. The cyclic acetals have unusually long retention volumes which are probably related to the large dipole moments found with cyclic compounds. These derivatives are, therefore, readily separated from their aldehyde and methyl ester analogues on polar and nonpolar stationary phases. GLC analysis of the aldehydogenic moieties in plasmologens may be conveniently carried out by direct conversion to cyclic acetals without preliminary isolation of aldehydes or removal of methyl esters by saponification.