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Atkins DL, Dorian P, Gonzalez ER, Gorgels AP, Kudenchuk PJ, Lurie KG, Morley PT, Robertson C, Samson RA, Silka MJ, Singh BN. Treatment of tachyarrhythmias. Ann Emerg Med 2001; 37:S91-109. [PMID: 11290974 DOI: 10.1067/mem.2001.114125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Boyle P, Gandini S, Baglietto L, Severi G, Robertson C. Epidemiology of prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2001; 39 Suppl 4:2-3. [PMID: 11340275 DOI: 10.1159/000052571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Meuleman EJ, Donkers LH, Robertson C, Keech M, Boyle P, Kiemeney LA. [Erectile dysfunction: prevalence and effect on the quality of life; Boxmeer study]. NEDERLANDS TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR GENEESKUNDE 2001; 145:576-81. [PMID: 11293998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED), and its influence on both the quality of life, and health care seeking behaviour. METHOD An age-stratified random sample was drawn from men aged 40-79 years in Boxmeer, the Netherlands (n = 1771), together with their partners. A questionnaire was mailed to the study population to collect data on ED, and the quality of life, both general and disorder related. The prevalence of ED was measured with the direct question 'Do you have problems getting an erection?'. The influence of ED on sexual function was measured with the Dutch version of the Sexual Function Inventory questionnaire. RESULTS Seventy percent of all men (n = 1233) and 73% of their partners (n = 1071) responded to the questionnaire. The prevalence of ED increased with age class. To the question regarding problems to get an erection, 13% (95% confidence interval: 11-15%) of all men answered affirmatively (40-49 years: 6%; 50-59: 9%; 60-69: 22%; 70-79: 38%). All men aged 40-49 years of age with ED and 16% of men aged 70-79 with ED considered their ED as bothersome. Amongst 40 to 49 year old men with ED, 64% considered their ED as a big or rather a big problem. Amongst older men this percentage was much smaller: 50-59 years: 38%; 60-69: 37%, and 70-79: 27%. Thirty-four percent of all men with ED and 16% of their spouses were dissatisfied with their sex life. Twenty-five percent of men with ED consulted a doctor, with a mean delay of 13 months. ED bore a strong correlation with the general quality of life and comorbidity. CONCLUSION ED was a common disorder within the population. Its prevalence was higher among older age groups, but they regarded ED as less of a problem than the younger age groups. Only a quarter of all men with ED consulted a physician.
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Baglietto L, Torrisi R, Arena G, Tosetti F, Gonzaga AG, Pasquetti W, Robertson C, Decensi A. Ocular effects of fenretinide, a vitamin A analog, in a chemoprevention trial of bladder cancer. CANCER DETECTION AND PREVENTION 2001; 24:369-75. [PMID: 11059568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Fenretinide is a vitamin A derivative under investigation in cancer prevention trials. Because all available pharmacologic and toxicologic data were obtained from breast cancer patients, we measured plasma drug, metabolite, and vitamin A levels and studied their relationship with visual and ocular symptoms in a cohort formed mostly by male subjects belonging to a bladder cancer prevention trial. After 1 year, the mean plasma retinol levels (+/- standard deviation [SD]) were 168.2 +/- 75.8 ng/ml in 31 subjects treated with fenretinide and 594.5 +/- 168.4 ng/ml in 36 control subjects (P < .001). Plasma retinol levels were correlated inversely to drug and metabolite concentrations, which in turn were correlated inversely to the interval from last drug intake. The decline of plasma vitamin A levels accounted for a 41.7% cumulative incidence of diminished dark adaptability in the retinoid arm as compared to 6.8% in the control arm (odds ratio = 13.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.9-66.1). Although compliance as assessed by capsule count was high, three subjects originally assigned to the treatment group who proved to be noncompliers (8.8%, or 3 of 34) had no detectable plasma drug or metabolite levels. Our data confirm the specific pharmacologic and visual effects of fenretinide also in a male population and strengthen the importance of multiple blood measurements to monitor treatment compliance in prevention trials.
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Robertson C. Diabetes update. The untold story of disease progression. RN 2001; 64:60-4; quiz 65. [PMID: 11288652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is often found hand-in-hand with ischemic heart disease. We now have a greater understanding of why that is and how diabetes itself progresses. Understanding those links is crucial to your role in patient education.
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de Latorre F, Nolan J, Robertson C, Chamberlain D, Baskett P. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2000 for Adult Advanced Life Support. A statement from the Advanced Life Support Working Group(1) and approved by the Executive Committee of the European Resuscitation Council. Resuscitation 2001; 48:211-21. [PMID: 11278085 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9572(00)00379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) last issued guidelines for Basic Life Support (BLS) in 1998 [1]. These were based on the 1997 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) Advisory Statements [2]. In 1999 and 2000 representatives of ILCOR, at the invitation of the American Heart Association, met on a number of occasions in Dallas to agree a Consensus on Science upon which future guidelines would be based. Representatives from the ERC played a prominent role in the deliberations, which culminated in the publication of "Guidelines 2000 for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care--A Consensus on Science" in August 2000 [3]. The consensus was evidence-based wherever possible. The ERC ALS Working Group has considered this document and has recommended some changes in the guidelines that will be suitable for European practice. These changes, together with a summary of the Sequence of Actions in ALS, are presented in this paper.
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Veronesi U, Galimberti V, Zurrida S, Pigatto F, Veronesi P, Robertson C, Paganelli G, Sciascia V, Viale G. Sentinel lymph node biopsy as an indicator for axillary dissection in early breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2001; 37:454-8. [PMID: 11267853 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(00)00410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is a new component of the surgical treatment of breast cancer that accurately predicts axillary status. Although the procedure is still mainly investigational, many patients are requesting SNB to avoid axillary dissection if the sentinel node (SN) is negative. From March 1996 to December 1999, 373 patients with breast carcinoma and clinically negative axillary nodes underwent breast surgery, mainly conservative, and SNB. If the SN was histologically uninvolved no further surgical treatment was given. All patients were informed in detail and signed a consent form. SNB involved injection of labelled albumin particles close to the primary tumour, lymphoscintigraphy and location of the sentinel node with a gamma probe during surgery. 379 SNBs were performed on 373 patients (6 were bilateral). In 94, the SN was positive and complete axillary dissection was performed. In 285 cases (280 patients) the SN was negative and no dissection was performed: these were carefully followed with quarterly clinical examination of the axilla. A total of 343 years at risk were available for evaluation from which seven cases of axillary metastases were expected. No cases of clinically evident axillary node metastasis have occurred. These findings provide further confirmation of the validity of SNB and prompt us to suggest that it should become the method of choice for axillary staging in small-sized breast cancer.
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Stewart DG, Drake DF, Robertson C, Marwitz JH, Kreutzer JS, Cifu DX. Benefits of an inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program: a prospective analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001; 82:347-52. [PMID: 11245757 DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2001.20838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of an inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program on functional outcome, supplemental oxygen use, quality of life (QOL), and rehospitalization. DESIGN A prospective study. SETTING Inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation unit. PATIENTS One hundred fifty-seven patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) admitted to an inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program over a 3-year period. INTERVENTION Comprehensive interdisciplinary inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program with an average length of stay of 21 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Improvements in QOL questionnaire scores, COPD knowledge questionnaire scores, 6-minute walking test (with 3 ambulation categories: bed-bound, household ambulators, community ambulators), and supplemental oxygen use. Rehospitalization 1 year after completion of the program was also assessed and compared with hospital days for the year before the program. RESULTS On discharge from the program, 88% of individuals walked farther (p <.0001), and community ambulators doubled their walking distance, whereas bed-bound patients decreased 10-fold; supplemental oxygen use dropped 33% during the day (p <.0001) and 57% during the night (p <.0001); 82% showed improved QOL (p <.0001); 67% showed improved knowledge of COPD (p <.0001); and 67% of the sample spent less time in the hospital during the 12 months after program completion compared with the 12 months before admission (p <.001). CONCLUSIONS An inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program leads to improved endurance and functional ambulation, decreased supplemental oxygen use, and fewer hospitalizations 1 year after discharge for patients with COPD.
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Kubík A, Zatloukal P, Boyle P, Robertson C, Gandini S, Tomásek L, Gray N, Havel L. A case-control study of lung cancer among Czech women. Lung Cancer 2001; 31:111-22. [PMID: 11165390 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(00)00178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Few data are available to explain the continuing increase in lung cancer mortality among Czech women. The study was designed to examine the role of active smoking and other known or suspected factors. Data collected by personal interviews during the 15 months of a hospital-based case control study are reported. A total of 140 microscopically confirmed cases and 280 frequency-matched controls were analysed using multiple logistic regression. Cigarette smoking was the most important factor associated with excess risk for lung cancer among women. Significantly increased risk was found both among current smokers (OR=11.20, 95% CI 5.9-21.2), and ex-smokers (OR=10.02, 95% CI 5.5-18.4). Positive dose-response gradients (P<0.001) were observed between lung cancer risk and the daily number of cigarettes, duration of smoking, number of pack-years, inhaling, and grade of nicotine dependence assessed by the Fagerström test (Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerström KO. Br J Addict 1991;86:1119-1470; Pomerleau OF. In: Bolliger CT, Fagerström KO, editors. The Tobacco Epidemic. Basle: Karger, 1997: 122-131). Exposure to environmental smoke was associated with elevated lung cancer risk (OR=3.58, for lifetime non-smokers exposed both in childhood and in adult age). Physical exercise and body mass index were inversely associated with lung cancer risk. For the category of physical exercise of more than 5 h per week, the odds ratio was 0.38, compared to subjects admitting no physical exercise. For body mass index, the odds ratio for the highest (compared to the lowest) quartile was 0.50. Chronic cough and phlegm (at least 3 months per year) were associated with excess risk (OR=6.07) only if their duration was less than 2 years before diagnosis of lung cancer, and, therefore, they were suspected of being more likely early symptoms of preclinical lung cancer rather than its cause. Our results support the statement that cigarette smoking is by far the most important cause of the on-going epidemic of lung cancer among Czech women, and are consistent with the concept of a balance between risk and protective factors whose eventual maintenance or alteration determine the development of disease (as suggested by Rylander R, Axelsson G, Andersson L, Liljequist T, Bergman B. Lung Cancer 1996;14(Suppl 1): S75-S83). Concerted control of smoking appears to be an urgent priority in lung cancer prevention among women, including specific approaches targeted on the female population.
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Israels SJ, McMillan-Ward EM, Easton J, Robertson C, McNicol A. CD63 associates with the alphaIIb beta3 integrin-CD9 complex on the surface of activated platelets. Thromb Haemost 2001; 85:134-41. [PMID: 11204565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The tetraspanins are integral membrane proteins expressed on cell surface and granular membranes of hematopoietic cells and have been identified in multi-molecular complexes with specific integrins. In resting platelets, CD63, a member of the tetraspanin superfamily, is present in dense granule and lysosomal membranes and, following platelet activation, translocates to the plasma membrane. In the present study, platelet activation by thrombin leads to incorporation of CD63 into the Triton-insoluble actin cytoskeletal fraction. This incorporation was inhibited by preincubation of platelets with RGDS or EGTA and did not occur in platelets from a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, suggesting that it was dependent upon alphaIIbbeta3. In activated platelets, the anti-CD63 MoAb, D545, co-immunoprecipitated CD63 with other surface-labeled proteins, including alphaIIbbeta3 and another tetraspanin, CD9. The association of CD63 with CD9 and alphaIIbbeta3, was not inhibited by preincubation of platelets with RGDS or EGTA. D545 did not inhibit the adhesion of activated platelets to purified extracellular matrix proteins, but significantly decreased adhesion of thrombin-activated platelets to neutrophils in a rosetting assay. D545 also caused disaggregation of platelets stimulated by ADP, but had no effect on aggregation induced by other agonists. These results are consistent with the proposal that CD63 becomes part of an alphaIIbbeta3-CD9-CD63 integrin-tetraspanin complex in activated platelets--an association that may modulate the function of alphaIIbbeta3-dependent interaction with other cells such as neutrophils.
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De latorre F, Nolan J, Robertson C, Chamberlain D, Baskett P. Recomendaciones 2000 del European Resuscitation Council para un soporte vital avanzado en adultos. Med Intensiva 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0210-5691(01)79722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Satyanarayana T, Gowda S, Mawassi M, Albiach-Martí MR, Ayllón MA, Robertson C, Garnsey SM, Dawson WO. Closterovirus encoded HSP70 homolog and p61 in addition to both coat proteins function in efficient virion assembly. Virology 2000; 278:253-65. [PMID: 11112500 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2000.0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of the viral genome into virions is a critical process of the virus life cycle often defining the ability of the virus to move within the plant and to be transmitted horizontally to other plants. Closteroviridae virions are polar helical rods assembled primarily by a major coat protein, but with a related minor coat protein at one end. The Closteroviridae is the only virus family that encodes a protein with similarity to cellular chaperones, a 70-kDa heat-shock protein homolog (HSP70h). We examined the involvement of gene products of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) in virion formation and found that the chaperone-like protein plus the p61 and both coat proteins were required for efficient virion assembly. Competency of virion assembly of different CTV mutants was assayed by their ability to be serially passaged in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts using crude sap as inoculum, and complete and partial virus particles were analyzed by serologically specific electron microscopy. Deletion mutagenesis revealed that p33, p6, p18, p13, p20, and p23 genes were not needed for virion formation. However, deletion of either minor- or major-coat protein resulted in formation of short particles which failed to be serially transferred in protoplasts, suggesting that both coat proteins are required for efficient virion assembly. Deletion or mutation of HSP70h and/or p61 dramatically reduced passage and formation of full-length virions. Frameshift mutations suggested that the HSP70h and p61 proteins, not the RNA sequences, were needed for virion assembly. Substitution of the key amino acid residues in the ATPase domain of HSP70h, Asp(7) to Lys or Glu(180) to Arg, reduced assembly, suggesting that the chaperone-like ATPase activity is involved in assembly. Both HSP70h and p61 proteins appeared to contribute equally to assembly, consistent with coordinate functions of these proteins in closterovirus virion formation. The requirement of two accessory proteins in addition to both coat proteins for efficient assembly is uniquely complex for helical virions.
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Robertson C, Perone C, Primic-Zakelj M, Kirn VP, Boyle P. Breast cancer incidence rates in Slovenia 1971-1993. Int J Epidemiol 2000; 29:969-74. [PMID: 11101536 DOI: 10.1093/ije/29.6.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analyses of time trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality have generally revealed cohort-based changes in the rates. These have been linked to cohort-based changes in lifestyle factors. The effect of the changes in the reproductive risk factors on the changes in the rates, and the relative importance of the reproductive characteristics in Slovenia, a country which has not had much breast cancer screening, are investigated. METHODS Data on breast cancer incidence for 1971-1993 were obtained from the Cancer Registry of Slovenia (Registry). The Registry covers the whole population of the Republic of Slovenia (1.99 million on 30 June 1993). The statistical analysis uses parametric age-period-cohort models. RESULTS Breast cancer incidence has increased by 70% in Slovenia from 1971 to 1993, These changes are dominated by cohort effects and the cohorts born in 1907-1922 have the greatest increase in incidence. Period effects on changes in incidence were modest. The percentage of nulliparous women in the cohort and the average family size in the cohort explained 38% of the variation in the cohort effects. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of nulliparous women in the cohort is the most important reproductive variable associated with the trends in the rates, with breast cancer risk predicted to be higher in cohorts with a larger percentage of nulliparous women. As the cohorts born 1932-1946 have a more favourable reproductive pattern as regards breast cancer risk, compared to the 1907-1922 cohorts, age-specific incidence rates in Slovenia would be predicted to decline in the future in the absence of changes in the other risk factors.
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Grof P, Robbins W, Alda M, Berghoefer A, Vojtechovsky M, Nilsson A, Robertson C. Protective effect of pregnancy in women with lithium-responsive bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2000; 61:31-9. [PMID: 11099738 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent psychiatric literature, while indicating a high incidence of postpartum depression, contains a few clinical reports which support our observations that women with episodic bipolar disorder often remain well without treatment during pregnancy. Our retrospective study statistically examines the clinical course of 28 women with RDC typical bipolar disorder, type I, who became pregnant prior to receiving successful lithium prophylaxis. METHODS We derived all data from the International Group for the Study of Lithium-treated Patients (IGSLI) database of excellent lithium responders. Data were compared both intraindividually, using data from three 9-month periods - immediately prior to pregnancy, pregnancy and postpartum - and interindividually, using never-pregnant women as controls. RESULTS Intraindividual data show that women with typical bipolar disorder, type I, experience significantly fewer and shorter recurrences during pregnancy than either before or after. Interindividual comparisons indicate that the recurrence risk during pregnancy is markedly lower than the clinical course would predict. Moreover, the few recurrences observed during pregnancy all took place in the last 5 weeks. LIMITATIONS Limiting cases to lithium responsive patients could have reduced heterogeneity and perhaps generalizability. CONCLUSIONS The findings, nonetheless, indicate a marked improvement of the clinical course of typical bipolar disorder, type I, lithium-responsive, during pregnancy. Exploring the underlying protective mechanisms may lead to new understanding of the pathophysiology of mood disorders and to new approaches to treatment and prevention.
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Colleoni M, Mandala M, Peruzzotti G, Robertson C, Bredart A, Goldhirsch A. Depression and degree of acceptance of adjuvant cytotoxic drugs. Lancet 2000; 356:1326-7. [PMID: 11073026 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An interaction between psychological attitude and outcome in early-stage breast cancer has been postulated, with a possible explanation related to the presumed tendency of depressed patients to be less proactive in obtaining health care. We report on the degree of acceptance of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer who have concomitant depression. Only 20 (51.3%) of the study group accepted and received the proposed chemotherapy compared with 75 (92.2%) of the control group (p<0.0001). Treatment of depression might be essential for tailoring adjuvant treatments with chemotherapy.
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Mawassi M, Satyanarayana T, Albiach-Martí MR, Gowda S, Ayllón MA, Robertson C, Dawson WO. The fitness of citrus tristeza virus defective RNAs is affected by the lengths of their 5'- and 3'-termini and by the coding capacity. Virology 2000; 275:42-56. [PMID: 11017786 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2000.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Populations of the Closterovirus Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) generally contain defective RNAs (dRNAs) that vary in size, abundance, and sequence. The variation in abundance of the different dRNAs in a population suggests selection for those of higher fitness. To examine factors affecting fitness of dRNAs, we investigated a series of in vitro constructed dRNAs for their ability to be amplified in protoplasts by an efficiently replicated CTV deletion mutant. The minimal sequences required for accumulation of the dRNAs were within the genomic 5' proximal approximately 1 kb and the 3' 270 nucleotides. However, other factors were involved, because a dRNA with only the minimal sequences failed to be replicated. Rescue of a nonviable dRNA by insertion of nonviral sequences between the termini suggested that "spacing" between terminal cis-acting signals influenced fitness. A continuous open reading frame (ORF) through most of the sequences derived from the 5' of the genome was a requirement for dRNA amplification. In general, insertions, deletions, or nucleotide substitutions were tolerated in the dRNAs as long as an ORF was retained, whereas dRNAs with mutations that prematurely terminated the ORF were not viable. To discriminate between a requirement for an essential protein and ribosomal travel, perhaps to present replication signals to the replicase complex, mutations were made to modify the potential protein but still maintain an ORF. Deletions, insertions of nonviral sequences, or switching of reading frames that altered the amino acid sequence of the protein, except the N-terminal 161 amino acids, did not destroy the fitness of the dRNAs. Yet termination of the ORF in the middle of nonviral sequences did destroy the ability of the dRNAs to be amplified. These results suggest that even though a continuous ORF was needed for fitness, its protein product did not affect the amplification of the dRNAs.
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Kubik A, Zatloukal P, Boyle P, Robertson C, Gandini S, Gray N, Tomasek L, Havel L, Petruzelka L. Lung cancer (LC) among women: Trends, risk factors, prevention. Lung Cancer 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(00)80787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Duffy A, Grof P, Robertson C, Alda M. The implications of genetics studies of major mood disorders for clinical practice. J Clin Psychiatry 2000; 61:630-7. [PMID: 11030482 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.v61n0906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article is a selective review and synthesis of relevant research findings from genetic studies of major mood disorders and the application of these to clinical practice. METHOD The article discusses the application of genetic research findings in major mood disorders, including epidemiologic and family study risk estimates, risk modifiers, and the concepts of etiologic and phenotypic heterogeneity, to 3 clinical domains: risk counseling, diagnosis, and treatment prediction. RESULTS Epidemiologic and family studies have provided general risk estimates useful in counseling mood-disordered patients and their relatives. A complete and accurate family pedigree provides more individualized risk estimates for specific cases and is useful in identifying the phenotypic spectrum of the disorder being transmitted in the family. Both proband course parameters and familial loading for psychiatric illnesses may be relevant for the prediction of treatment response. However, the hypothesis of inherited pharmacologic selectivity remains to be proven. CONCLUSION Genetic studies of mood disorders have not yet provided conclusive evidence of specific susceptibility genes or their pattern of inheritance. However, they have generated information that is useful to clinical practice.
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Decensi A, Bonanni B, Rotmensz N, Robertson C, Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, Mora S, Diani S, Cazzaniga M, Costa A. Update on tamoxifen to prevent breast cancer. The Italian Tamoxifen Prevention Study. Eur J Cancer 2000; 36 Suppl 4:S50-1. [PMID: 11056317 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(00)00224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gray N, Zaridze D, Robertson C, Krivosheeva L, Sigacheva N, Boyle P. Variation within global cigarette brands in tar, nicotine, and certain nitrosamines: analytic study. Tob Control 2000; 9:351. [PMID: 11203247 PMCID: PMC1748359 DOI: 10.1136/tc.9.3.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Duffy A, Turecki G, Grof P, Cavazzoni P, Grof E, Joober R, Ahrens B, Berghöfer A, Müller-Oerlinghausen B, Dvoráková M, Libigerová E, Vojtĕchovský M, Zvolský P, Nilsson A, Licht RW, Rasmussen NA, Schou M, Vestergaard P, Holzinger A, Schumann C, Thau K, Robertson C, Rouleau GA, Alda M. Association and linkage studies of candidate genes involved in GABAergic neurotransmission in lithium-responsive bipolar disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2000; 25:353-8. [PMID: 11022400 PMCID: PMC1407742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test for genetic linkage and association with GABAergic candidate genes in lithium-responsive bipolar disorder. DESIGN Polymorphisms located in genes that code for GABRA3, GABRA5 and GABRB3 subunits of the GABAA receptor were investigated using association and linkage strategies. PARTICIPANTS A total of 138 patients with bipolar 1 disorder with a clear response to lithium prophylaxis, selected from specialized lithium clinics in Canada and Europe that are part of the International Group for the Study of Lithium-Treated Patients, and 108 psychiatrically healthy controls. Families of 24 probands were suitable for linkage analysis. OUTCOME MEASURES The association between the candidate genes and patients with bipolar disorder versus that of controls and genetic linkage within families. RESULTS There was no significant association or linkage found between lithium-responsive bipolar disorder and the GABAergic candidate genes investigated. CONCLUSIONS This study does not support a major role for the GABAergic candidate genes tested in lithium-responsive bipolar disorder.
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Boyle P, Gandini S, Robertson C, Zatonski W, Fagerstrom K, Slama K, Kunze M, Gray N. Characteristics of smokers' attitudes towards stopping: survey of 10,295 smokers in representative samples from 17 European countries. Eur J Public Health 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/10.suppl_3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Torrisi R, Mezzetti M, Johansson H, Barreca A, Pigatto F, Robertson C, Decensi A. Time course of fenretinide-induced modulation of circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-i, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 in a bladder cancer chemoprevention trial. Int J Cancer 2000. [PMID: 10918204 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000815)87:4<601::aid-ijc22>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is widely involved in human carcinogenesis. A significant association between high circulating IGF-I concentrations and an increased risk of lung, colon, prostate and pre-menopausal breast cancer has recently been reported. Lowering plasma IGF-I may thus represent an attractive strategy to be pursued for chemopreventive purposes. We have previously shown that the synthetic retinoid fenretinide (4-HPR) lowers plasma IGF-I in pre-menopausal breast cancer patients. We investigated the effect of fenretinide on circulating IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 measured at yearly intervals during the 2-year treatment period and one year after treatment discontinuation in a predominantly male population of patients with superficial bladder cancer. Repeated measures analysis, after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI) and year of study, showed a significant effect of fenretinide on IGF-I levels, which were further lowered after the second year of treatment and only partially recovered after drug discontinuation. Differently from breast cancer patients, the effect of fenretinide was not modified by age. No significant effect was evident on IGFBP-3, IGF-II and the IGF-I+IGF-II/IGFBP-3 molar ratio, expressing the tissue availability of the mitogenic peptides, although IGF-II and the molar ratio were lowered by treatment by an overall mean of 16% and 15%, respectively. Given the increasingly recognized importance of circulating IGFs in the pathogenesis of different solid tumors, our findings strengthen the rationale for studying fenretinide as a chemopreventive agent.
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Torrisi R, Mezzetti M, Johansson H, Barreca A, Pigatto F, Robertson C, Decensi A. Time course of fenretinide-induced modulation of circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-i, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 in a bladder cancer chemoprevention trial. Int J Cancer 2000; 87:601-5. [PMID: 10918204 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000815)87:4<601::aid-ijc22>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is widely involved in human carcinogenesis. A significant association between high circulating IGF-I concentrations and an increased risk of lung, colon, prostate and pre-menopausal breast cancer has recently been reported. Lowering plasma IGF-I may thus represent an attractive strategy to be pursued for chemopreventive purposes. We have previously shown that the synthetic retinoid fenretinide (4-HPR) lowers plasma IGF-I in pre-menopausal breast cancer patients. We investigated the effect of fenretinide on circulating IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 measured at yearly intervals during the 2-year treatment period and one year after treatment discontinuation in a predominantly male population of patients with superficial bladder cancer. Repeated measures analysis, after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI) and year of study, showed a significant effect of fenretinide on IGF-I levels, which were further lowered after the second year of treatment and only partially recovered after drug discontinuation. Differently from breast cancer patients, the effect of fenretinide was not modified by age. No significant effect was evident on IGFBP-3, IGF-II and the IGF-I+IGF-II/IGFBP-3 molar ratio, expressing the tissue availability of the mitogenic peptides, although IGF-II and the molar ratio were lowered by treatment by an overall mean of 16% and 15%, respectively. Given the increasingly recognized importance of circulating IGFs in the pathogenesis of different solid tumors, our findings strengthen the rationale for studying fenretinide as a chemopreventive agent.
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