[A variable pressure and distance impression funnel for fundus examination (author's transl)]

We describe a variable pressure and variable distance impression funnel for the Goldmann-3-mirror contact glass. The advantage of this apparatus lies in the possibility of denting the bulbus up to the equator for the diagnosis of holes while the retina is still attached. This funnel has proved itself especially in light coagulation through the contact glass with the slitlamp.

[Development of idiopathic dacryostenosis (clinical and pathologico-anatomical findings)]

The authors describe microsurgical appearances of tear-sac and nasal mucous membranes from 45 patients suffering from dacryostenosis without clinically manifest nose or sinus conditions. In addition the observations of Henle (1865), that described the continuation of expandible conchal mucous membrane up to the lower part of the tear duct were controlled. The observations gave the following results: 1. In all cases of dacryostenosis there was a past history of more or less severe acute or chronic inflammation of the nasal and tear-duct mucous membrane. 2. The submucose of the ductus naso-lacrimalis surrounded by bone contains arterioles with sphincters and cavernous vessel complexes which can cause swelling up to displacement of the canal lumen, according to the blood flow. The results support the hypothesis of the authors that "idiopathic" dacryostenosis is caused by ascending inflammations from the region of the nose and sinus cavities, which can be clinically quite inconspicuous.

[On the therapy of tractional retinal detachment without hole formation (author's transl)]

The authors describe 6 cases of tractional retinal detachment without hole formation--five as a result of intraocular metal splinter injuries and the sixth after scleral perforation following windshield injury which was overlooked. Splinter extraction was performed twice through the perforation and three times though the pars plana from the ouside. The time between the injury and appearance of the retinal detachment varied between four months and nine years. In every case there was a diffuse falt detachment without obvious tent formation. Reattachment was successful in five cases by release of the traction from the outside by cerclage with folding of the point of traction in the vitreous body and diathermy with drainage of the subretinal effusion. This method described gives relief only when vitreous strands traverse the whole bulbus crosswise. The follow-up period is up to the present three months to a year.

[Pilocarpine as a diagnostic agent for early recognition of a tendency to glaucoma. (Comparable results between Hollwich's pilocarpine-test and tonography) (author's transl)]

In a group of 20 patients Hollwich's pilocarpine-test and tonography were performed repeatedly at regular intervals, for diagnostic purposes. The results of the pilocarpine-test were compared with those of tonography. Hence it was shown, that the pilocarpine-test performed at the peak of the daily pressure curve, gives comparable results to tonography and hence can be useful when glaucoma suspicion exists in the eye-doctor's surgery.

[Clonidine as ointment (author's transl)]

From 15 eyes in 12 patients with chronic simple glaucoma a comparison of the IOP-diminishing effect between 1 drop 0.25% aqueous solution of Clonidine and a 2 cm long application of 0.2% Clonidine-ointment was made with special regard of local and general side effects, especially on the blood pressure. The reduction of the IOP and the blood pressure was greater and of longer duration after ointment application has a definite depôt-effect. Older patients should be fully digitalized beforehand in order to support the cardiovascular system during Clonidine application.

[Misdiagnosis of "chalazion" (author's transl)]

The diagnosis of the often occurring "chalazion" usually puts no problems in diagnostic and therapeutical view. It must be considered, however, that already small particularities of the clinical findings point to other i.e. benign or even malignant processes. An analysis of a number of cases from 1969 to 1975 of the University Eye Clinic Münster showed in 21 out of 89 histologically examined tissue specimen another diagnosis. In 8 patients a malignant degeneration of tissue was histologically stated. The authors describe some cases, where during a longer period of time the malignant character of the disease was not diagnosed due to the misdiagnosed "chalazion".

[Non-pigmented extrabulbar sarcomas of the eye-region (author's transl)]

The authors report on 30 cases with non-pigmented extrabulbar sarcomas of the eye-region which occurred in our clinic within the period of 1955 till 1975. The primary sarcomas of the orbit predominate with 11 cases over the secondary involvement with 9 cases. More seldom (5 cases) is the involvement of the lids and the epibulbar space. The various groups of lymphosarcoma predominate with 16 cases over the spindle-cell sarcoma with 6 cases. The age distribution shows that these tumors prefer the first three decades and the fifth and the following decennia. The prognosis is bad for the conservation of the eye as well as for the preservation of life. With reference to the localisation the distribution at the time of the beginning of the therapy as well as the histological findings an intensive therapy (operation, radiation, chemo-therapy) has to be accomplished.

[Plasmocytoma of the orbit (author's transl)]

After a survey of the clinical picture of plasmcytoma including histological, internal and radiological findings the special aspects of affections of the orbit are described and demonstrated by four own cases since 1955. The authors propose the differentiation between plasmocytomas with bony erosive changes, solitary or multiple, and extrameudllary myeloma for theapeutical and prognostical reasons. The extramedullary myeloma of the orbit has a better prognosis and should be treated by local excision of the tumor with following radiation (CO-60). In case of bony erosive changes the extension of the tumor has to be considered, in case of multiple involvement of the body the radiation should be prefered as a palliative treatment in combination with chemotherapy.

[One year's experience with pilocarpin-ocusert in the therapy of glaucoma (author's transl)]

The authors report on their own treatment results with the drug carrier Ocusert (Federal Rep. of Germany: Chemie Grunenthal). Furthermore the effect on the IOP and the compatibility including the accomodative myopia is discussed. The effect on IOP was approximately equal to Pilocarpine 2% four times daily. The accommodation myopia was significanly less than using Pilocarpin drops. A short time after insertion the conjuntiva was irritated but the irritation faded within a short time.

[Anterior-cleavage-syndrome (author's transl)]

The authors report on local and general changes in dysgenesis mesodermalis iridis et corneae Rieger on the basis of own observations and literature survey. This genetically caused inhibitory deformation is outlined with regard to the differential diagnosis of other anomalies in the angle part of iris. The conservative and surgical therapeutic experiences of other authors are contrasted with our own.

Oscillatory Oxidation of Malonic Acid by Bromate 3. CO2 and BrO3--Titration

The reaction of malonic acid and bromate in the presence of catalytic amounts of cerious ion under oscillating conditions in sulphuric acid was investigated. After two hours reaction time 26 mM bromate were consumed and 42 mM CO2 produced. No formic acid was detected. Furthermore, 14C-tracer experiments suggest that malonic acid is first brominated and subsequently decarboxylated.