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Kaya G, Akin S, Tuncel M, Kiratli P. Plasmacytoma and Amyloid Lymphadenopathy, FDG, and Fluorocholine. Clin Nucl Med 2024; 49:559-560. [PMID: 38557413 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000005210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A 56-year-old man with thoracal mass suspected of solitary plasmacytoma was referred for 18 F-FDG PET-CT scan. His PET-CT revealed FDG-avid rib mass and cervical lesion at level 2. He also underwent 18 F-fluorocholine (FCH) PET-CT to evaluate possible metastatic spread of the disease. FCH PET-CT showed increased uptake at the rib mass, while the cervical lesion was not FCH-avid. Biopsies confirmed rib lesion was a solitary plasmacytoma; however, the cervical lesion was an amyloid deposited lymph node. This case showed FCH PET-CT is a valuable companion of FDG scan for the evaluation of plasma cell dyscrasias with a better specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serkan Akin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Fang P, Pinnix CC, Wu SY, Lee HC, Patel KK, Saini N, Becnel MR, Kaufman G, Thomas SK, Orlowski RZ, Amini B, Lin P, Dabaja BS, Gunther JR. Management and Outcomes of Patients with Refractory Solitary Plasmacytoma after Treatment with Definitive Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 119:193-199. [PMID: 38070713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation therapy (RT) is the standard treatment for solitary plasmacytoma (SP); however, the optimal management of RT-refractory SPs is unknown. We examined outcomes after early systemic therapy, surgical resection, or observation for patients with RT-refractory disease and assessed the potential impact of treatment selection on disease outcomes. METHODS AND MATERIALS We retrospectively reviewed patients with SP treated with definitive radiation and evaluated at a single institution with persistent disease on imaging or biopsy. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize patient and disease characteristics and treatment outcomes. RESULTS Of 102 total SP patients, 17 (17%) were RT-refractory. The median RT dose was 45 Gy, and median follow-up was 71 months from end of RT. Fifteen patients had additional treatment for refractory disease at a median time of 9.5 months after RT, with the following subsequent interventions: surgical resection (n = 4), additional RT (n = 2), systemic therapy without evidence of multiple myeloma (MM; n = 4), systemic therapy for progression to MM (n = 5), and observation (n = 2). Of 4 patients treated with surgical resection, 3 progressed to MM 22 to 43 months after diagnosis. Of 2 patients treated with additional RT, neither responded, and both had pathologic confirmation of residual disease after the second course. Four patients treated with systemic therapy without MM all had complete responses on positron emission tomography and no subsequent MM progression. Eight patients were initially observed after RT for ≥12 months (n = 8) or ≥24 months (n = 6). Of the 2 patients in continued observation, both had stable/unchanged avidity after radiation treatment for 12 and 22 months and ultimately had a slow decrease of disease avidity over multiple years. CONCLUSIONS Patients with RT-refractory SPs can achieve good local control with alternative therapies, such as surgery or systemic therapy, if needed. Additional RT does not seem to be effective. Given the known high rates of progression from SP to MM, close observation of asymptomatic persistent disease until disease progression is likely sufficient in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Chelsea C Pinnix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan Y Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hans C Lee
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Krina K Patel
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Neeraj Saini
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Melody R Becnel
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gregory Kaufman
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sheeba K Thomas
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert Z Orlowski
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Behrang Amini
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pei Lin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bouthaina S Dabaja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jillian R Gunther
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Carrai LHM, Machado ECFA, Castro L, Gontijo LM. Cutaneous plasmacytoma: a rare manifestation of multiple myeloma. An Bras Dermatol 2024; 99:454-456. [PMID: 38402013 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luiza Castro
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Ferrández-Escarabajal M, Bienstock SW, Hadley M, Sanz J, LaRocca G. Significant regression of plasmacytoma by cardiac magnetic resonance. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 25:e162. [PMID: 38127145 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Ferrández-Escarabajal
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Solomon W Bienstock
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael Hadley
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Javier Sanz
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gina LaRocca
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Zhang J, Zhang R. Megalosplenia as an initial manifestation of multiple myeloma with a novel CYLD gene mutation: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37624. [PMID: 38579060 PMCID: PMC10994412 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Megalosplenia in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) is extremely rare, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its unusual location and clinical manifestations and lack of optimal therapeutic strategies. CASE PRESENTATION A 65-year-old female who was previously healthy presented with a history of ecchymosis on her right leg accompanied by progressive fatigue for 2 weeks. She was admitted to our center in July 2019 due to thrombocytopenia. The patient presented with megalosplenia, anemia, monoclonal protein (λ-light chain type) in the serum and urine, and 45.6% malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Splenectomy was performed due to persistent splenomegaly after 3 cycles of the bortezomib plus dexamethasone regimen, and immunohistochemistry results indicated λ-plasmacytoma of the spleen. The same cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities, including t(14;16), 14q32 amplification, 16q32 amplification, 20q12 amplification, and a novel CYLD gene mutation, were identified using fluorescence in situ hybridization and next-generation sequencing in both bone marrow and spleen samples. Therefore, a diagnosis of MM (λ-light chain type, DS III, ISS III, R-ISS III, high-risk) with spleen infiltration was proposed. The patient did not achieve remission after induction treatment with bortezomib plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone or salvage therapy with daratumumab plus ixazomib and dexamethasone. However, she ultimately did achieve very good partial remission with a regimen of bendamustine plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone. Unfortunately, she died of pneumonia associated with chemotherapy. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, only 8 cases of spleen plasmacytoma at MM diagnosis have been described previously. Extramedullary myeloma patients with spleen involvement at diagnosis are younger and that the condition is usually accompanied by splenic rupture with aggressive clinical features and poor prognosis. Further studies are needed to explore pathogenesis and effective therapies to prolong the survival of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
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Saucereau J, Legeas C, Schoenlaub P. Adenopathy and Extensive Skin patch Overlaying a Plasmacytoma and other proliferation (AESOP) syndrome associated with Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2024; 151:103256. [PMID: 38442467 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2024.103256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- J Saucereau
- Dermatology Department, Clermont Tonnerre Army Teaching Hospital, Brest, France.
| | - C Legeas
- Dermatology Department, Clermont Tonnerre Army Teaching Hospital, Brest, France
| | - P Schoenlaub
- Dermatology Department, Clermont Tonnerre Army Teaching Hospital, Brest, France
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Gupta L, Suku P, Dash A, Bose P, Sharma P, Mallik N, Sreedharanunni S, Varma N, Jandial A, Malhotra P, Sachdeva MUS. Detection of circulating normal and tumor plasma cells in newly diagnosed patients of multiple myeloma and their associations with clinical and laboratory parameters. Curr Probl Cancer 2024; 48:101025. [PMID: 37951052 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2023.101025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circulating plasma cells (CPCs) are frequently noted in variable frequencies in the entire spectrum of plasma cells neoplasms. With advent of high sensitivity multi-parametric flow cytometry, it is not only possible to detect CPCs present in very low numbers, but also to categorise them into circulating tumor plasma cells (CTPCs) and circulating normal plasma cells (CNPCs), based on their marker-profile. This study used multi-colour flow cytometry to evaluate the load of both CTPCs & CNPCs at the time of diagnosis and at six months' time-point of therapy, and evaluated associations of both with clinical and laboratory parameters. METHODS Twenty one newly diagnosed MM patients were enrolled. Six to nine millilitres of EDTA-anticoagulated peripheral blood sample was used for flow cytometry. A ten colour antibody panel was used for analysis of CPCs, which were categorised further into CTPCs and CNPCs. Approximately 4.8 million events were acquired for the analysis. The percentage &absolute numbers of CTPCs and CNPCs were noted and the proportion of CTPCs out of all CPCs (CTPCs + CNPCs) were also calculated for evaluating their statistical associations. RESULTS All 21 patients of newly diagnosed MM showed presence of CPCs (CTPCs and/or CNPCs) at the time of diagnosis. The CTPCs were detected in 76 % of the study population. The median percentage and absolute counts of CTPCs were 0.52 % and 54.9 cells /µL, respectively. CNPCs were found in 95 % and the median percentage and absolute counts of CNPCs were 0.025 % and 2.66 cells/µL. After six months of therapy, CPCs (CTPCs and/or CNPCs) were found in all nine patients evaluated for this assay. CTPCs were found 33 %, with a median of 0.075 % and CNPCs were found in 89 % with a median of 0.01 %. Our study showed that the load of CTPCs was found to be higher in patients with presence of lytic bone lesions, plasmacytoma, presence of PCs on peripheral blood film by light microscopy, presence of Chr 1p32 deletion, expression of CD56 and CD81 on CTPCs, and in patients with absence of very good partial response (VGPR). Conversely, the load of CTPCs was significantly lower in patients with concomitant amyloidosis. Also, percentage of bone marrow plasma cells exhibited a significant positive correlation with the absolute count of CTPCs. We observed that the mean percentage of CNPCs was significantly higher in female patients. The load of CNPCs was lower in patients with thrombocytopenia and with hypoalbuminemia. CONCLUSION Increased burden of CTPCs was associated with presence of lytic lesions, plasmacytomas, Chr 1p32 deletion, expression of CD56 and CD81 on tumor cells and with failure to achieve very good partial response. The CNPCs were lower in patients with thrombocytopenia and with hypoalbuminemia. To best ot our knowledge, this is the first study from India on the relevance of circulating tumor plasma cells and the first study in the world to analyse the associations of circulating normal plasma cells in newly diagnosed patients of multiple myeloma. The study also highlights the utility of multi-parametric flow cytometry in identification and enumeration of circulating plasma cells. MICRO ABSTRACT Circulating plasma cells indicates poorer outcomes in patients of multiple myeloma. Twenty one newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients were evaluated by flow cytometry to enumerate and characterise circulating tumor plasma cells (CTPCs) and circulating normal plasma cells (CNPCs). Higher load of CTPCs correlated with known poor prognostic markers and poor response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Gupta
- Former Junior Resident, MD Pathology, Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Pratibha Suku
- Junior Research Fellow, Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Aishwarya Dash
- PhD Scholar, Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Parveen Bose
- Senior Lab Technician, Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Assistant Professor, Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Nabhajit Mallik
- Assistant Professor, Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sreejesh Sreedharanunni
- Associate Professor, Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelam Varma
- Former Professor & Head, Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Aditya Jandial
- Former Senior Research Associate, Department of Clinical Hematology and Medical Oncology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Professor and Head, Department of Clinical Hematology and Medical Oncology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Man Updesh Singh Sachdeva
- Professor, Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
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Deng Y, Deng Y, Zhang W, Lei X. Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Retroperitoneum Detected on 18 F-FDG PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2024; 49:98-100. [PMID: 37962177 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Solitary retroperitoneal extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare neoplasm. A 67-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and left leg weakness. Abdominal CT revealed a large mass in the left retroperitoneum, which demonstrated increased metabolic activity on subsequent 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging. Furthermore, the patient's serum protein electrophoresis showed positive M-protein results. Pathological examination of the biopsied specimen confirmed the diagnosis of extramedullary plasmacytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Deng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Bathobakae L, Hasan S, Shahid A, Wilkinson T, Ajas S, Kumar M, Qayyum S, Akmal A. A Plasmacytoma of the Lateral Pharyngeal Wall: A Diagnostic Enigma. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2024; 12:23247096241242237. [PMID: 38577756 PMCID: PMC10996350 DOI: 10.1177/23247096241242237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoma is a rare plasma cell dyscrasia that grows in bones or soft tissues such as the pharynx. Soft tissue plasmacytomas are rare, and a higher burden has been reported in the upper aero-digestive tract, often manifesting as hoarseness, dysphagia, or odynophagia. Due to their rarity, extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) have unknown prognostic factors, and guidelines for optimal management are still lacking. However, radiation therapy and surgery have been used with positive outcomes. Herein, we describe a unique case of plasmacytoma of the pharyngeal tissue in a male patient with a history of HIV disease. The patient completed 28 sessions of radiation therapy, resulting in an improvement in his throat pain and hoarseness. Given the patient's age and lack of traditional risk factors for head and neck cancers, his hoarseness and odynophagia proved to be a diagnostic conundrum. Although infrequent, soft tissue plasmacytomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of head and neck tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shayee Hasan
- St. Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Aneeqa Shahid
- St. Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Tyler Wilkinson
- St. George’s University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Shajla Ajas
- St. Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Mehandar Kumar
- St. Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Sohail Qayyum
- St. Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Amer Akmal
- St. Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
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Klosowski ML, Hughes KL, Moore AR. MUM1/IRF4 immunolabeling of neoplastic Langerhans histiocytes in a putative case of canine Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:670-675. [PMID: 37528067 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a systemic histiocytic proliferative disease with cutaneous manifestations which is well described in human medical literature and has relatively recently been reclassified as a neoplastic disorder. The diagnosis of canine Langerhans cell histiocytosis has been proposed in the veterinary literature to refer to a histiocytic proliferative disease in the dog with clinical and histopathologic features that mirror the human disease. However, reports that invoke this diagnosis are rare and often lack complete diagnostic characterization. This case report presents an extensive diagnostic investigation of a putative case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a 3-year-old male castrated Golden Retriever dog, including gross, cytologic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical findings. Furthermore, we document that canine LCH may have positive immunolabeling for the transcription factor multiple myeloma oncogene 1/interferon regulatory factor 4 (MUM1/IRF4), which is classically used for the diagnosis of canine plasma cell neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika L Klosowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly L Hughes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - A Russell Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Xiao L, Li L. FDG PET/CT Image of Extramedullary Plasmacytoma in the Anterior Mediastinum. Clin Nucl Med 2023; 48:e603-e604. [PMID: 37883218 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Extramedullary plasmacytoma in the anterior mediastinum is very rare. We report FDG PET/CT findings of anterior mediastinum extramedullary plasmacytoma in a 54-year-old woman. On FDG PET/CT, it presented as a solitary anterior mediastinum mass with increased FDG uptake. The final pathology supported a diagnosis of extramedullary plasmacytoma. This case hints us that extramedullary plasmacytoma should be regarded as a differential diagnosis when we encounter a solitary anterior mediastinum mass with intense FDG uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Xiao
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
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12
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Alessandrino K, Tjostheim SS, Flynn KM, Cole C, Aschenbroich S. Myocardial plasma cell tumor with intratumoral amyloidosis in a dog. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 50:23-28. [PMID: 37918088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
A 12-year-old mixed breed dog was evaluated for marked hypercalcemia that was identified during assessment for acute polydipsia and polyuria. Physical examination identified a new grade II/VI left apical systolic murmur. A mass involving the left ventricular posterior wall and left atrium was identified by echocardiography, suggesting neoplastic invasion into the myocardium. The patient was euthanized, and post-mortem cardiac evaluation identified an intramyocardial amyloid-producing plasma cell tumor. Multiple myeloma was suspected but could not be confirmed due to the limited post-mortem evaluation. This case is the first report of myocardial amyloidosis in a dog with a myeloma-related disorder (MRD). Dogs with MRD and myocardial involvement may not exhibit clinical signs that localize to the cardiovascular system; therefore, echocardiography should be considered during the staging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alessandrino
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Dr. Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S S Tjostheim
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Dr. Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - K M Flynn
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Dr. Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - C Cole
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Dr. Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Aschenbroich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Dr. Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Eriksen PRG, Khakbaz E, Clasen-Linde E, Brown PDN, Haunstrup L, Christoffersen M, Asdahl P, Thomsen TM, Gerner-Rasmussen J, Heegaard S, von Buchwald C. Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Sinonasal Extraosseous Plasmacytoma in Denmark: A Nationwide Cohort From 1980 to 2017. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2023; 132:1186-1193. [PMID: 36433794 DOI: 10.1177/00034894221139362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extraosseous plasmacytoma (EOP) is a rare plasma cell neoplasm that tends to convert to plasma cell myeloma (PCM) in about 11% to 35% of cases. It has a predilection for the upper respiratory tract, prototypically affecting the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Contemporary first-line treatment is radiotherapy, with more recent studies showing an added benefit of combining radiation with surgery. In this cohort study, we aimed to examine clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis for all patients nationwide from 1980 through 2017. Furthermore, we determined the size and extension of tumors, investigating the rate at which minimally invasive surgery would have been possible. METHODS Patients were found in the national pathology registry, and all biopsies were collected for pathology review by a hematopathologist. We performed survival statistics for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and the cumulative incidence of conversion to PCM. RESULTS Twenty-three patients were included. The median age was 65, and patients were primarily men (78%). Tumors were located in either the nasal cavity (57%), maxillary sinus (39%), or sphenoid sinus (4%). In most cases, the tumor was <5 cm (65%) without extension to adjacent structures (60%). The national incidence was 0.02/100,000 person-years, the median symptom duration until diagnosis was 5 months, and none of the patients presented with contiguous spread to regional lymph nodes. Stand-alone radiotherapy was the predominant treatment (61%). In the entire cohort, one patient died from the initial disease, and six patients died from either relapse of EOP or PCM. The 5-year OS, PFS, and conversion rate to PCM were 78%, 56%, and 23%, respectively. CONCLUSION SN-EOP responds well to radiotherapy, but relapse and conversion to PCM were not uncommon and entailed a poor prognosis. Most tumors were endoscopically resectable and non-invasive, making the majority of tumors suitable for surgery as an addition to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick René Gerhard Eriksen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elham Khakbaz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Clasen-Linde
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter de Nully Brown
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Haunstrup
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Asdahl
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Steffen Heegaard
- Eye Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian von Buchwald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Novitskaya MG, DeRosa PA, Chen DT, Khalil A, Harfouch O, O’Connor EE, Schmalzle SA. Rapidly Enlarging Parotid Mass in a Person Living with HIV: A Case of Multiple Myeloma with Extramedullary Plasmacytoma. Am J Case Rep 2023; 24:e938431. [PMID: 37533236 PMCID: PMC10411289 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.938431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differential diagnosis for a parotid mass is broad, including infectious, autoimmune, and neoplastic etiologies. In people with HIV, regardless of viral suppression or immune status, neoplastic causes are more common. This report describes the evaluation of a woman with a large parotid mass, with an ultimate diagnosis of multiple myeloma with extramedullary plasmacytoma. CASE REPORT A 51-year-old woman with HIV infection presented with headache, weight loss, and right facial mass that was present for 5 years but more rapidly enlarging in the prior year. CD4 count was 234 cells/mL, and HIV RNA was 10 810 copies/mL. Physical examination was significant for a large deforming right-sided facial mass, decreased sensation in the V1 and V2 distributions, and right-sided ophthalmoplegia and ptosis. MRI and PET/CT scan confirmed a metabolically active large parotid mass with extension into the cavernous sinus. An IgG kappa monoclonal spike was present on serum protein electrophoresis. Incisional biopsy of the facial mass showed atypical lymphoid cells with plasmablastic and plasmacytic morphology with a high mitotic rate and proliferation index. She was diagnosed with R-ISS stage II IgG kappa multiple myeloma with extramedullary plasmacytoma, and initiated on chemotherapy, radiation, and antiretroviral therapy. CONCLUSIONS A rapidly enlarging parotid mass should prompt timely evaluation and biopsy for definitive diagnosis, particularly in immunocompromised patients, including people with HIV. Extramedullary plasmacytomas have a more aggressive disease process in people with HIV and are associated with high-risk multiple myeloma and progression, as seen in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter A. DeRosa
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David T. Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ahmed Khalil
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Omar Harfouch
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin E. O’Connor
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah A. Schmalzle
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Lamb MM, Zeatoun A, Stack TJ, Kim S, Albastoni S, Singer B, Klatt-Cromwell C, Senior BA, Kimple AJ, Thorp BD. Plasmacytoma of the Head and Neck: Case Series and Review of the Literature. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2023; 85:231-237. [PMID: 37364541 DOI: 10.1159/000530946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare neoplasm characterized by localized proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells and is classified as solitary bone or solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma. Here, we present two rare cases of plasmacytoma of the head and neck. The first is a 78-year-old male who presented with a 3-month history of epistaxis and progressive obstruction of the right nasal passage. Computerized tomography (CT) imaging revealed a mass in the right nasal cavity with destruction to the maxillary sinus. An excisional biopsy was performed revealing anaplastic plasmacytoma. The second is a 64-year-old male with a past medical history significant for prostate cancer who presented with a 2-month history of left ear pain and progressive non-tender temporal swelling. A PET/CT revealed a highly avid, destructive, and lytic left temporal mass with no other evidence of distant disease. A left temporal craniectomy and infratemporal fossa dissection revealed plasma cell dyscrasia with monoclonal lambda in situ hybridization. Although plasmacytomas are uncommon tumors of the head and neck, they may mimic other entities that require different treatment. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is critical for appropriate therapeutic decisions and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith M Lamb
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,
| | - Abdullah Zeatoun
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Taylor J Stack
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sulgi Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sara Albastoni
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bart Singer
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cristine Klatt-Cromwell
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brent A Senior
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam J Kimple
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian D Thorp
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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16
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Zhang W, Wu C, Geng S, Wang J, Yan C, Zhang X, Zhang JJ, Wu F, Pang Y, Zhong Y, Wang J, Fu W, Huang X, Wang W, Lyu X, Huang Y, Jing H. FAM46C-mediated tumor heterogeneity predicts extramedullary metastasis and poorer survival in multiple myeloma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3644-3677. [PMID: 37155154 PMCID: PMC10449297 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancers originate from a single cell according to Nowell's theory of clonal evolution. The enrichment of the most aggressive clones has been developed and the heterogeneity arises for genomic instability and environmental selection. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a multiple relapse plasma cell cancer generated from bone marrow. Although there were accumulating researches in multiple myeloma pathogenesis, the heterogeneity remains poorly understood. The participants enrolled in this study were 4 EMP+ (EMP, Extramedullary plasmacytoma) and 2 EMP- primarily untreated MM patients. Single cell RNA sequencing and analysis were conducted for the single cell suspension, which was sorted by flow cytometry from peripheral blood mononuclear cells or bone marrow cells. In our research, the results of single cell RNA sequencing show that FAM46C determines MM tumor heterogeneity predicting extramedullary metastasis by influencing RNA stability. Further, we integrated and analyzed 2280 multiple myeloma samples from 7 independent datasets, which uncover that FAM46C mediated tumor heterogeneity predicts poorer survival in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chaoling Wu
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuang Geng
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Changjian Yan
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiannian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia-jia Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital West, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuhong Pang
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuping Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital West, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lyu
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongmei Jing
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
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17
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Soloveva M, Solovev M, Nikulina E, Risinskaya N, Biderman B, Yakutik I, Obukhova T, Mendeleeva L. Loss of Heterozygosity in the Circulating Tumor DNA and CD138+ Bone Marrow Cells in Multiple Myeloma. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020351. [PMID: 36833278 PMCID: PMC9957234 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by heterogeneity of tumor cells. The study of tumor cells from blood, bone marrow, plasmacytoma, etc., allows us to identify similarities and differences in tumor lesions of various anatomical localizations. The aim of this study was to compare the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) by tumor cells by assessing STR profiles of different MM lesions. We examined paired samples of plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and CD138+ bone marrow cells in MM patients. For patients with plasmacytomas (66% of 38 patients included), the STR profile of plasmacytomas was also studied when biopsy samples were available. Diverse patterns of LOH were found in lesions of different localization for most patients. LOH in plasma ctDNA, bone marrow, and plasmacytoma samples was found for 55%, 71%, and 100% of patients, respectively. One could expect a greater variety of STR profiles in aberrant loci for patients with plasmacytomas. This hypothesis was not confirmed-no difference in the frequency of LOH in MM patients with or without plasmacytomas was found. This indicates the genetic diversity of tumor clones in MM, regardless of the presence of extramedullar lesions. Therefore, we conclude that risk stratification based on molecular tests performed solely on bone marrow samples may not be sufficient for all MM patients, including those without plasmacytomas. Due to genetic heterogeneity of MM tumor cells from various lesions, the high diagnostic value of liquid biopsy approaches becomes obvious.
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18
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Kannan N, Dass J, Dangudubiyyam S, Viswanathan GK, Aggarwal M, Kumar P, Dhawan R, Seth T, Mahapatra M. Clinico-pathological profile of patients with plasma cell neoplasms with special reference to bone marrow fibrosis and amyloid deposition. J Clin Exp Hematop 2023; 63:214-218. [PMID: 38148011 PMCID: PMC10861367 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.23029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To clarify the significance of bone marrow fibrosis and amyloid deposition in plasma cell neoplasm, a retrospective cross-sectional study for a period of 3 years was conducted. Patients who underwent bone marrow aspiration and biopsy with suspicion of plasma cell neoplasms were included in the study. The bone marrow findings were correlated with clinical profile of the patient along with biochemical parameters, cytogenetics, Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) wherever available. A total of 273 bone marrow aspirates and biopsies of patients with suspected plasma cell neoplasms were analyzed. There were 181 male patients and 92 female patients (Male: Female = 1.96: 1). There were 245 cases of multiple myeloma (89.7%), 8 cases of primary amyloidosis (2.9%) and 6 monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) (2.1%), 5 cases of plasmacytoma (1.8%) and 4 cases of smouldering myeloma (1.4%), 5 cases of POEMS syndrome (1.8%). Bone marrow fibrosis was noted in 12 patients at diagnosis (4.3%). Among the parameters studied, only the mean Hemoglobin was significantly low in patients with marrow fibrosis. Amyloid deposition in various organs including bone marrow, kidney, liver etc., were noted in 17 patients overall (6.2%). In conclusion, the incidence of fibrosis (4.3%) and amyloidosis (6.2%) associated with plasma cell neoplasms were much lower in our study as compared to published studies.
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19
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Hughes KL, Rout ED, Avery PR, Pavuk AA, Avery AC, Moore AR. A series of heterogeneous lymphoproliferative diseases with CD3 and MUM1 co-expressed in cats and dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:22-33. [PMID: 36424869 PMCID: PMC9751460 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221139799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma diagnosis in dogs and cats is continually evolving as new subtypes and human correlates are being recognized. In humans, T-cell lymphomas with MUM1 expressed and plasma cell neoplasia or B-cell lymphomas with CD3 expressed aberrantly are reported only rarely. We report here a case series of tumors in dogs and cats with CD3 and MUM1 co-expressed as determined by immunocytochemistry or immunohistochemistry. Lineage was assigned for these tumors by 3 board-certified pathologists and a veterinary immunologist based on review of clinical and cellular features and the results of ancillary testing including PCR for antigen receptor rearrangements, flow cytometry, and serum protein electrophoresis with immunofixation. In cats, 7 of 7 tumors, and in dogs, 3 of 6 tumors with CD3 and MUM1 co-expressed had clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin gene or serum monoclonal immunoglobulin, consistent with a diagnosis of a plasma cell neoplasia or myeloma-related disorder with CD3 expressed aberrantly. Disease was often disseminated; notably, 3 of 7 feline cases had cutaneous and/or subcutaneous involvement in the tarsal area. In dogs, 3 of 6 cases had a clonal T-cell receptor gamma result and no clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and were diagnosed as a T-cell tumor with MUM1 expressed. The use of multiple testing modalities in our series of tumors with plasma-cell and T-cell antigens in dogs and cats aided in the comprehensive identification of the lymphoproliferative disease subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Hughes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Emily D. Rout
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Paul R. Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Anne C. Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - A Russell Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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20
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Sharon Y, Reich E, Hayman L, Kramer M. [BILATERAL OCULAR PLASMACYTOMA PRESENTING AS ACUTE ANTERIOR UVEITIS]. Harefuah 2022; 161:606-610. [PMID: 36315206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A 64-year-old woman, presented to the ophthalmology outpatient clinic with abrupt onset of pain, blurred vision and redness in her right eye. Her medical history is remarkable for multiple myeloma, with successful bone marrow transplantation and recurrent disease as secondary plasma cell leukemia, managed with a biologic agent. Examination revealed severe fibrinous anterior uveitis, accompanied by keratic precipitates, rubeosis iridis and raised intra-ocular pressure (IOP) and normal fundus. The patient was treated intensively with topical steroids, IOP lowering agents, systemic acyclovir and prednisone. Response was partial, with further development of posterior synechiae, iris bombe and 360o angle closure. An anterior segment ultrasound demonstrated severely thickened iris. The appearance of bilateral sub-conjunctival salmon patches in both eyes facilitated histopathologic diagnosis by extraocular tissue biopsy which revealed plasma cells infiltration, suggestive of plasmacytoma. Ruthenium plaque radiotherapy administered in a 40Gy dose was initiated in both eyes with a new cycle of systemic chemotherapy. Complete regression after treatment was achieved bilaterally. AIMS To report a case of bilateral ocular plasmacytoma presenting as an acute anterior uveitis. BACKGROUND Plasmacytoma, associated with multiple myeloma, is a solid tumor of the lymphoid system composed of monoclonal plasma cells. Ocular involvement is rare and direct infiltration of both eyes is even rarer. METHODS A case report. CONCLUSIONS Extramedullary plasmacytoma rarely involves ocular structures. In the setting of systemic malignancy, ocular involvement should be considered, especially when acute inflammation is recalcitrant to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ehud Reich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lucille Hayman
- Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Michal Kramer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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21
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Baumgart L, Barz M, Delbridge C, Aftahy AK, Janssen IK, Jost PJ, Ryang YM, Meyer B, Gempt J. Spinal Lesions as Clinical Manifestations of Plasma Cell Neoplasia. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:6236-6244. [PMID: 36135059 PMCID: PMC9497614 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29090490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Plasma cell neoplasia can be separated into independent subtypes including multiple myeloma (MM) and solitary plasmacytoma of the bone (SBP). The first clinical signs patients present with are skeletal pain, most commonly involving ribs and vertebrae. (2) Methods: Retrospective analysis of 114 patients (38 female, 76 male) receiving spinal surgery from March 2006 until April 2020. Neurological impairments and surgical instability were the criteria for intervention in this cohort. Analysis was based on demographic data, Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS), location of the lesion, spinal levels of tumor involvement, surgical treatment, histopathological workup, adjuvant therapy, functional outcome, and overall survival (OS). (3) Results: The following surgical procedures were performed: posterior stabilization only in 9 patients, posterior stabilization and decompression without vertebral body replacement in 56 patients, tumor debulking and decompression only in 8 patients, anterior approach in combined approach without vertebral body replacement and without biopsy and/or without kyphoplasty in 33 patients, 3 patients received biopsies only, and 5 patients received kyphoplasty only. The histopathology diagnoses were MM in 94 cases and SBP in 20 cases. Median OS was 72 months (53.4–90.6 months). Preoperative KPSS was 80% (range 40–100%), the postoperative KPSS was 80% (range 50–100%). (4) Conclusions: Surgery for patients with plasma cell neoplasia is beneficial in case of neurological impairment and spinal instability. Moreover, we were able to show that patients with MM and a low number of spinal levels to be supplied have a better prognosis as well as a younger age at the time of the surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Baumgart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Melanie Barz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Claire Delbridge
- Department of Neuropathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Amir Kaywan Aftahy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Insa Katrin Janssen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, 1205 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Philipp J. Jost
- III. Medical Department of Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Tech-nical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Yu-Mi Ryang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helios Klinikum Berlin Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Cumsky JL, Nguyen BD. PET/CT Imaging of Hemorrhagic Pseudotumor Arising From Treated Plasmacytoma. Clin Nucl Med 2022; 47:e565-e567. [PMID: 35439181 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hemorrhagic pseudotumor occurs in approximately 1% to 2% of patients with hemophilia. This lesion is exceptionally rare in nonhemophiliac individuals. The authors present a case of treated right ischial plasmacytoma with a progressively enlarging expansile hemorrhagic pseudotumor, documented on 18 F-FDG PET/CT and MRI and confirmed by histology.
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23
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Korkmaz İ, Ulucaköy C, Ayhan B, Büyükdemirci E, Semis HS, Atalay İB, Güngör BŞ. Clinical outcomes of tumors and tumor-like lesions located in the clavicle. Jt Dis Relat Surg 2022; 33:449-454. [PMID: 35852207 PMCID: PMC9361098 DOI: 10.52312/jdrs.2022.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the characterization of tumors and tumor-like lesions located in the clavicle and to present their clinical results. Patients and methods
Between January 2006 and December 2018, a total of 44 patients (25 males, 19 females; mean age: 36.2±21.8 years; range, 2 to 87 years) who were operated in our clinic for a clavicular lesion were included. Among 4,856 extremity tumors operated in our clinic between these years, 44 cases (0.9%) located in the clavicle were eligible. Demographic data, tumor types, location, surgical method, metastasis, survival analyzes and clinical results of these patients were reviewed retrospectively. According to the clavicle location, the patients were divided into groups according to their involvement in proximal, middle, lateral and more than one region. Results
The most frequently involved site was the lateral edge of the clavicle, and the most common tumor was aneurysmal bone cyst. The most common malignant tumor was Ewing sarcoma and plasmacytoma (13.6%) and the most common surgical method in the clavicle was wide resection with 34.1%. Of the 38 primary clavicle tumors remaining after the metastatic lesions were removed, 21 (55%) were benign, while 17 (45%) were malignant. Aneurysmal bone cyst was most common in the group under 30 years of age, osteochondroma was most common in the 30-50 age group, and plasmacytoma was most common in those over 50 years of age. The mean musculoskeletal tumor society (MSTS) score of 15 patients (34.1%) who underwent clavicle resection was 79.4±6. Conclusion
We believe that a wide spectrum should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tumors located in the clavicle. Age is an important predictive factor for malignancy. We believe that resection should be applied without fear considering its effects on function and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Coşkun Ulucaköy
- Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Onkoloji Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Kliniği, 06200 Yenimahalle, Ankara, Türkiye
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24
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彭 俊, 曾 泉. [Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the larynx:a case report]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022; 36:553-556. [PMID: 35822386 PMCID: PMC10128390 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper reported a case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the larynx. The patient presented with persistent hoarseness and foreign body sensation in pharynx for 5 months. Left anterior laryngeal mass, left epiglottis fold distention was found during laryngoscopy. Cervical image examination showed that the left side wall of the glottis was thickened and showed a lump-like change, part of which protrusion into the laryngeal cavity, the laryngeal chamber became narrow, and the growth of thyroid cartilage was broken outwards and reached the level of the hyoid bone. After completing the examination, the laryngeal tumor resection and biopsy were performed under the suspension laryngoscope. Pathologic findings showed that diffuse proliferation of small cells was observed in laryngeal subepithelial fibrous tissue, with local appearance of private, atypia and mitosis. Combined with immunohistochemical results, it was consistent with plasma cell tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- 俊 彭
- 重庆医科大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉科(重庆,400016)Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - 泉 曾
- 重庆医科大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉科(重庆,400016)Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Kim BG, Choi SH, Letterio JJ, Song JY, Huang AY. Overexpression of VEGF in the MOPC 315 Plasmacytoma Induces Tumor Immunity in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5235. [PMID: 35563626 PMCID: PMC9104487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has important effects on hematopoietic and immune cells. A link between VEGF expression, tumor progression, and metastasis has been established in various solid tumors; however, the impact of VEGF expression by hematopoietic neoplasias remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of VEGF in plasma cell neoplasia. Overexpression of VEGF in MOPC 315 tumor cells (MOPCSVm) had no effect on their growth in vitro. However, constitutive ectopic expression of VEGF dramatically reduced tumorigenicity of MOPC 315 when implanted subcutaneously into BALB/c mice. Mice implanted with MOPCSVm effectively rejected tumor grafts and showed strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity against parental MOPC 315 cells. MOPCSVm implants were not rejected in nude mice, suggesting the process is T-cell-dependent. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes from recipients inoculated with MOPCSVm cells conferred immunity to naïve BALB/c mice, and mice surviving inoculation with MOPCSVm rejected the parental MOPC 315 tumor cells following a second inoculation. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that MOPCSVm induced a massive infiltration of CD3+ cells and MHC class II+ cells in vivo. In addition, exogenous VEGF induced the expression of CCR3 in T cells in vitro. Together, these data are the first to demonstrate that overexpression of VEGF in plasmacytoma inhibits tumor growth and enhances T-cell-mediated antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Gyu Kim
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.H.C.); (J.J.L.); (A.Y.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.H.C.); (J.J.L.); (A.Y.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - John J. Letterio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.H.C.); (J.J.L.); (A.Y.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Center for Pediatric Immunotherapy, Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute, UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jie-Young Song
- Division of Applied Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea;
| | - Alex Y. Huang
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.H.C.); (J.J.L.); (A.Y.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Center for Pediatric Immunotherapy, Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute, UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Xia CM, Zhu M, Ji PZ, Liu B, Yang YL. [Primary extramedullary plasma cell tumor of the right kidney: report of a case]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2022; 51:360-362. [PMID: 35359052 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20210830-00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C M Xia
- Department of Pathology, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - M Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - P Z Ji
- Department of Pathology, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - B Liu
- Department of Pathology, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y L Yang
- Department of Pathology, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Raghuram S, Faizal B, Sanjeevan KV, Eapen M, Nair IR, Philip A, Pavithran K. Recurrent extramedullary plasmacytomas without multiple myeloma: A case report with review of the literature. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 31:100550. [PMID: 35358819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is an uncommon presentation and usually occurs in conjunction with multiple myeloma (MM). An EMP without developing MM at any point is an extremely rare presentation, and only seven such cases have been reported in the literature to date. PRESENTATION OF CASE We present a case of EMP, who presented with multiple recurrent lesions in rare sites like nasal cavity, testis and skin without the involvement of bone marrow at any point of disease course. He was treated with multiagent chemotherapy (DT-PACE) and continues to be in remission at 29 months post-chemotherapy, which is the longest amongst all the cases reported so far. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS There are no clearly defined guidelines to treat EMP. Our case had a clinical presentation at very unusual sites and was treated with DT-PACE regimen as against the previous seven reported cases and had the most prolonged period of remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadvik Raghuram
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre P.O.AIMS Ponekkara, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Bini Faizal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre P.O.AIMS Ponekkara, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - K V Sanjeevan
- Department of Urology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre P.O.AIMS Ponekkara, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Malini Eapen
- Department of Pathology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre P.O.AIMS Ponekkara, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Indu R Nair
- Department of Pathology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre P.O.AIMS Ponekkara, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Arun Philip
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre P.O.AIMS Ponekkara, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Keechilat Pavithran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre P.O.AIMS Ponekkara, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India.
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Abstract
AIMS To describe patients with periocular solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEMP) and multiple myeloma (MM), together with an estimate of the risk of progression from SEMP to MM. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective case-note review for patients seen between 1978 and 2020, examining demographics, presentation, imaging, pathology, management, and outcome. RESULTS Twenty patients (10 male; 50%) presented at a mean age of 60.9 years, with an average symptom duration of 4.5 months. Ten (50%) patients had known systemic myeloma at ophthalmic presentation (the MM group) and, on average, they presented one decade earlier than those with occult MM discovered after orbital biopsy (p = 0.06); the majority (9/15; 60%) of patients with MM were female, whereas there was a male bias (4/5; 80%) with SEMP (p = 0.30). Most tumors (15/20; 75%) were within the anterior part of the orbit, especially superolaterally (16 patients; 80%), and the soft-tissue mass often appeared to "explode" from the frontal bone or greater wing of the sphenoid (16/20; 80%). Full treatment details were known for 19 patients: 6 (32%) had solely orbital radiotherapy, 4 (21%) chemotherapy, 6 (32%) combined chemoradiation, and 3 (16%) had combined chemoradiation with stem-cell transplant (Table 3). After an average follow up of 58 months, 1/5 (20%) patients with SEMP and 11/15 (73%) with MM had tumor-related death. The overall survival probability for all 20 patients with periocular plasmacytoma was 34% at 5 and 10 years, with MM patients having a worse outlook (27% 5-year, and 18% 10-year survival) compared with SEMP (53% survival at 5 and 10 years) (p = 0.18). None of the 5 patients with SEMP progressed to systemic MM over an average follow up of 9.1 years. CONCLUSIONS Although 50% patients with periocular plasmacytoma appear to have a SEMP at ophthalmic presentation, a half of these patients were found to have occult MM within 6 months of biopsy. Of those without systemic disease around the time of biopsy, none developed MM over an average follow up of more than 9 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofira Zloto
- Orbital Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdon
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Lee CM, Asilnejad B, Cohen LM, Roelofs KA, Rootman DB, Khanlou N, Pullarkat ST. Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Lacrimal Sac With Associated Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 38:102-107. [PMID: 34406151 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a rare case of crystal-storing histiocytosis associated with solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the lacrimal sac and to review literature on the 2 entities to summarize important diagnostic, management, and prognostic considerations. METHODS A case report of the ophthalmologic presentation, pathology workup, and oncologic management is presented. Literature search with focus on lesions occurring in ophthalmic sites and management guidelines from expert panels and working groups. RESULTS Crystal-storing histiocytosis associated with solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma arose within the lacrimal sac of a previously healthy middle-aged woman and presented as a painless nodule with epiphora. The biopsy tissue showed sheets of crystal-filled histiocytes, interspersed with monoclonal plasma cells and rarely demonstrated plasma cell phagocytosis. Imaging and laboratory studies confirmed the localized nature. CONCLUSIONS Crystal-storing histiocytosis is an uncommon entity in which crystals, most commonly arising from altered immunoglobulins, aggregate within histiocytes and form symptomatic mass lesions. It has been reported in ophthalmic regions in patients with a concurrent lymphoproliferative or plasma cell disorder and can rarely predate a malignancy. The current case is notable because crystal-storing histiocytosis occurs with a localized process, solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma, and presents in an unusual site, the lacrimal sac. Tissue biopsy with multimodal pathological evaluation is necessary to make the diagnosis. Ophthalmologists should recognize that crystal-storing histiocytosis is commonly associated with a hematologic malignancy and, when appropriate, refer the patient for oncologic management. Surveillance may be indicated in cases with no established etiology. Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma should also be monitored, as a proportion of cases progress to multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brenda Asilnejad
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Liza M Cohen
- Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Doheny and Stein Eye Institutes, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kelsey A Roelofs
- Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Doheny and Stein Eye Institutes, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel B Rootman
- Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Doheny and Stein Eye Institutes, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Negar Khanlou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sheeja T Pullarkat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Wu JF, Dai LY, Cui M, Li G, Feng L, Luo RH, Du W, Liu ST. [Clinical analysis of 10 cases with extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022; 57:197-200. [PMID: 35196764 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210424-00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics, treatment methods and outcomes of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 10 cases with extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck who were admitted to Henan Tumor Hospital from January 2005 to January 2020. Among the 10 patients, 6 were male and 4 were female. The average age at diagnosis was 56.3 years old (34-74 years old). Among them, 3 cases were located in the nasal cavity, 2 cases in the nasopharynx, 1 case in the sinuses, 2 cases in the larynx, 1 case in the oropharynx, and 1 case in the cervical lymph nodes. Treatments were administered according to tumor size and resection extent. Complete surgical excision (negative margins) was preferred, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy or radiotherapy alone. The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of EMP were analyzed. Results: The patients' symptoms were not specific, frequently with local obstruction symptom and localized masses. All patients were confirmed pathologically as suffering from monoclonal plasmacytoma, with negative bone marrow biopsy and negative skeletal survey. Five patients received surgery, 3 received radiotherapy, and 2 received surgery with additional radiation. The follow-up time was 16-125 months, with a median of 92 months. Two patients developed into multiple myeloma. One patient who received radiotherapy after surgery relapsed after 7 years of follow-up and again received surgical treatment, with no evidence of second recurrence. The remaining patients had no recurrence or progression. Conclusion: Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck has a good prognosis. Surgical treatment can be considered for completely resectable lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Wu
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - L Y Dai
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - M Cui
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - G Li
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - L Feng
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - R H Luo
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - W Du
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - S T Liu
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
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Tandon S, Khanna N, Chivate R, Dey S, Gulia A, Narula G, Shah S, Rane S, Banavali S, Laskar S. Solitary Bone Plasmacytoma of Humerus Presenting as a Nonhealing Fracture in a Child: A Rare Entity. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 44:e233-e236. [PMID: 34654755 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Solitary bone plasmacytoma is an extremely rare entity and is characterized by localized proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells. Plasmacytomas are extremely rare in the pediatric population. The median age at diagnosis is usually the fifth or sixth decade, with axial skeleton being more commonly involved than appendicular. We hereby, report the case of a 13-year-old boy with solitary bone plasmacytoma of the right humerus. Though extremely rare in the pediatric age group, plasmacytomas may be considered as one of the remote differentials in children presenting with solitary bone tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Tandon
- Division of Paediatric Oncology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Swapnil Rane
- Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Robson A, Kempf W, Kolm I, Kutzner H, Willsmore Z, Moonim M. A Problem of Classification: 2 Cases of Epstein-Barr Virus + Primary Cutaneous Plasmacytoma Arising in Immunocompetent Elderly Patients. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:e237-e240. [PMID: 34086640 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Primary extramedullary plasmacytoma is rare monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells, which arise in various nonosseous anatomic locations without detectable underlying systemic disease. Historically, cutaneous infiltrates rich in mature neoplastic plasma cells have fallen into one of the following categories, plasmacytoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, and marginal zone lymphoma, which included immunocytoma. Since 2005, each of these was subsumed under the marginal zone lymphoma umbrella, largely on the basis of acknowledged diagnostic difficulties in some of these cases. We describe 2 cases in which the cutaneous infiltrates consisted of a pure population of light chain-restricted mature plasma cells in the absence of any other evidence for a marginal zone proliferation, or evidence of extracutaneous involvement, including a paraprotein. We propose that primary cutaneous plasmacytoma is the accurate diagnosis and is consistent with wider nomenclature. The unusual observation of widespread Epstein-Barr virus expression in both tumors is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Robson
- Department of Pathology, Lisbon Institute of Oncology, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Werner Kempf
- Department of Dermatology, Kempf and Pfaltz Histological Diagnostics, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Kolm
- Kempf und Pfaltz Histologische Diagnostik, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Kutzner
- Dermatopathology Friedrichshafen, Friedrichshafen, Germany; and
| | - Zena Willsmore
- Department of Pathology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mufaddal Moonim
- Department of Pathology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Yamada A, Araki Y, Tanaka Y, Otsuki S, Yamada A, Moriyama M, Katagiri S, Suguro T, Asano M, Yoshizawa S, Akahane D, Furuya N, Fujimoto H, Okabe S, Gotoh M, Suzuki K, Saito K, Gotoh A. Relevance of diffusion-weighted imaging with background body signal suppression for staging, prognosis, morphology, treatment response, and apparent diffusion coefficient in plasma-cell neoplasms: A single-center, retrospective study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253025. [PMID: 34242226 PMCID: PMC8270139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate staging and evaluation of therapeutic effects are important in managing plasma-cell neoplasms. Diffusion-weighted imaging with body signal suppression magnetic resonance imaging (DWIBS-MRI) allows for acquisition of whole-body volumetric data without radiation exposure. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of DWIBS-MRI in plasma-cell neoplasms. We retrospectively analyzed 29 and 8 Japanese patients with multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, respectively, who underwent DWIBS-MRI. We conducted a histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient values. The correlations between each histogram parameter and staging, cell maturation, prognosis, and treatment response were evaluated. We found that the apparent diffusion coefficient values in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance were lower than those in patients with multiple myeloma. Pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficient values of immature myeloma were lower than those of mature myeloma. Moreover, these values decreased in proportion to stage progression in Durie-Salmon classification system but showed no significant correlation with other staging systems or prognosis. Patients were stratified as responder, stable, and non-responder based on the International Myeloma Working Group criteria. The magnitude of changes in apparent diffusion coefficients differed significantly between responders and non-responders (0.154 ± 0.386 ×10–3 mm2/s vs. -0.307 ± 0.424 ×10–3 mm2/s, p = 0.003). Although its usefulness has yet to be established, DWIBS-MRI combined with apparent diffusion coefficient measurement allowed for excellent response evaluation in patients with multiple myeloma. Furthermore, apparent diffusion coefficient analysis using DWIBS-MRI may be useful in predicting cell maturation and total tumor volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Yamada
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoichi Araki
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Tanaka
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Otsuki
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arisa Yamada
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Moriyama
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tamiko Suguro
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiyo Asano
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Daigo Akahane
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nahoko Furuya
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fujimoto
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Okabe
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moritaka Gotoh
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihito Suzuki
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Saito
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Gotoh
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhao R, Chen Z, Zhao S, Cheng Y, Zhu X. Prognosis of solitary bone plasmacytoma of the extremities: A SEER-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26568. [PMID: 34190199 PMCID: PMC8257843 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the rarity of solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP), few studies reported the prognosis and survival predictors of SBP, especially for patients with extremity SBP.A total of 552 patients with extremity SBP were identified from the Surveillance Epidemiology and Ends Results (SEER) database between 1973 and 2016. In order to obtain independent predictors of survival, we performed both univariate and multivariate analysis via Cox proportional hazards model. Additionally, we used the Kaplan-Meier method to construct survival curves.The mean and median age at diagnosis of all patients were 64 and 65 years, respectively. The ratio of male versus women was 1.3:1. Overall survival for this special population was 51.2% and 34.9% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) for this special population was 63.5% and 47.5% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Age at diagnosis and radiotherapy treatment were found to be significant independent predictors of both overall survival and CSS. Additionally, multivariate analysis showed that year of diagnosis and marital status were significantly correlated with CSS.This is the first study to identify prognostic factors of extremity SBP by using the SEER database. Our findings highlight that radiotherapy is the mainstream treatment for extremity SBP. Additionally, age, year of diagnosis, and marital status were significant independent predictors of survival. Knowledge of these survival predictors may help clinicians provide appropriate management for extremity SBP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renbo Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Tumor Hospital, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaoxin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Qingtian People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sujun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yali Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Tumor Hospital, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
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Abstract
ABSTRACT 68Ga-labeled quinoline-based fibroblast activation protein inhibitors (68Ga-FAPIs) has been used in the evaluation of a variety of malignancies. We report the case of a patient with rib plasmacytoma, which showed elevated 68Ga-FAPI activity. This case indicated fibroblast activation protein overexpression and some degree of fibrosis in the plasmacytoma lesion. Therefore, 68Ga-FAPI can be a potential tracer in the evaluation of plasmacytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Tang
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; and Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Sewastianik T, Straubhaar JR, Zhao JJ, Samur MK, Adler K, Tanton HE, Shanmugam V, Nadeem O, Dennis PS, Pillai V, Wang J, Jiang M, Lin J, Huang Y, Brooks D, Bouxsein M, Dorfman DM, Pinkus GS, Robbiani DF, Ghobrial IM, Budnik B, Jarolim P, Munshi NC, Anderson KC, Carrasco RD. miR-15a/16-1 deletion in activated B cells promotes plasma cell and mature B-cell neoplasms. Blood 2021; 137:1905-1919. [PMID: 33751108 PMCID: PMC8033455 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 13q deletion [del(13q)], harboring the miR-15a/16-1 cluster, is one of the most common genetic alterations in mature B-cell malignancies, which originate from germinal center (GC) and post-GC B cells. Moreover, miR-15a/16 expression is frequently reduced in lymphoma and multiple myeloma (MM) cells without del(13q), suggesting important tumor-suppressor activity. However, the role of miR-15a/16-1 in B-cell activation and initiation of mature B-cell neoplasms remains to be determined. We show that conditional deletion of the miR-15a/16-1 cluster in murine GC B cells induces moderate but widespread molecular and functional changes including an increased number of GC B cells, percentage of dark zone B cells, and maturation into plasma cells. With time, this leads to development of mature B-cell neoplasms resembling human extramedullary plasmacytoma (EP) as well as follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. The indolent nature and lack of bone marrow involvement of EP in our murine model resembles human primary EP rather than MM that has progressed to extramedullary disease. We corroborate human primary EP having low levels of miR-15a/16 expression, with del(13q) being the most common genetic loss. Additionally, we show that, although the mutational profile of human EP is similar to MM, there are some exceptions such as the low frequency of hyperdiploidy in EP, which could account for different disease presentation. Taken together, our studies highlight the significant role of the miR-15a/16-1 cluster in the regulation of the GC reaction and its fundamental context-dependent tumor-suppression function in plasma cell and B-cell malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Disorders/genetics
- Chromosome Disorders/pathology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Multigene Family
- Multiple Myeloma/genetics
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Neoplasms, Plasma Cell/genetics
- Neoplasms, Plasma Cell/pathology
- Plasma Cells/metabolism
- Plasma Cells/pathology
- Plasmacytoma/genetics
- Plasmacytoma/pathology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Sewastianik
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Mehmet K Samur
- Department of Medical Oncology and
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Keith Adler
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Helen E Tanton
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vignesh Shanmugam
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Peter S Dennis
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vinodh Pillai
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Meng Jiang
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Ying Huang
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel Brooks
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mary Bouxsein
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David M Dorfman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Geraldine S Pinkus
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Davide F Robbiani
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | | | - Bogdan Budnik
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Resource Laboratory, FAS Division of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and
| | - Petr Jarolim
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Department of Medical Oncology and
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology and
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ruben D Carrasco
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Chang H, Chu PY. Extramedullary plasmacytoma of hypopharynx treated using transoral laser microsurgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83:791-793. [PMID: 32773645 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) of the hypopharynx is exceedingly rare. There were only two cases reported before. A 77-year-old man was presented with a 6-month history of foreign body sensation in the throat. Nasopharyngoscopy revealed an exophytic tumor over the right pyriform sinus. Transoral laser microsurgery was performed 3 weeks later. The pathology report showed aggregates of plasma cells with eccentric nuclei and perinuclear halos (compatible with plasmacytoma). Postoperative radiotherapy was performed, and there was no evidence of tumor recurrence after an 18-month follow-up. This is the first report of transoral laser microsurgery with postoperative radiotherapy in plasmacytoma of hypopharynx, and it resulted in optimal tumor control and minimal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pen-Yuan Chu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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38
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Ulaner GA, Landgren CO. Current and potential applications of positron emission tomography for multiple myeloma and plasma cell disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2020; 33:101148. [PMID: 32139013 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2020.101148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-18 (18F)-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) allows evaluation of elevated glucose metabolism in malignancies. There has been increasing interest in FDG PET/CT for plasma cell disorders since the International Myeloma Working Group outlined multiple applications of this imaging modality, including distinguishing smoldering myeloma from active multiple myeloma, confirmation of solitary plasmacytoma, and multiple indications in patients with known multiple myeloma, including determining extent of initial disease, monitoring therapy response, and detection of residual disease following therapy. The field of molecular imaging is now shifting focus from evaluation of metabolism to targeted evaluation of specific tumor markers. Targeted PET imaging targeted of CXCR4 and CD38 has advanced into translational clinical trials, bringing us closer to powerful imaging options for myeloma. In this review we discuss the current applications of FDG PET/CT in plasma cell disorders, as well as advances in targeted PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Ulaner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - C Ola Landgren
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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39
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Poudyal S, Shrestha S. Solitary Plasmacytoma of the Calcaneum: A Case Report. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2019. [PMID: 32329469 PMCID: PMC7580439 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.4566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Solitary Plasmacytoma is characterized by a mass of neoplastic monoclonal plasma cells in either bone or soft tissue without evidence of systemic disease attributing to myeloma. Solitary bony plasmacytoma commonly presents in the axial skeleton. The occurrence of solitary bony plasmacytoma in young individuals is exceedingly rare but has been reported sporadically. We report a case of Solitary bony plasmacytoma involving the calcaneum (appendicular skeleton) in a 26-year-old male with a prior history of trauma at the same site. To our knowledge, this is one of the few cases of solitary bony plasmacytoma in the calcaneum being reported. Our patient presents with some unusual features like the unusual site of the lesion (calcaneum), presentation at a young age and the disease being symptomatic following trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saugat Poudyal
- Department of Clinical Oncology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Mahaboudha, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Correspondence: Dr. Saugat Poudyal, Department of Clinical Oncology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Mahaboudha, Kathmandu, Nepal. , Phone: +977-9841876901
| | - Shailendra Shrestha
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Abstract
Bone pathology can be challenging because the skeleton is a living tissue prone to developing a diverse array of inflammatory, metabolic, genetic, reactive, circulatory, and neoplastic abnormalities. Several areas of bone pathology are particularly difficult or problematic for hematopathologists given the close resemblance of some hematologic entities to primary/metastatic bone lesions; examples include plasmacytic disorders versus osteoblastic tumors and lymphoma/leukemia versus round cell tumors of bone. This article provides a conceptual and practical overview of selective bone disorders commonly encountered in the differential diagnosis of hematologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Peker
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Shi Wei
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Gene P Siegal
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA.
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41
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Oon ML, Soon G, Poon LM, Wang S. Development of monomorphic B-cell plasmacytoma post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in a patient with previous autologous stem cell transplant. Pathology 2019; 51:644-646. [PMID: 31470993 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liang Oon
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Gwyneth Soon
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Li Mei Poon
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore.
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42
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Elmorabit B, Derhem N, Khouchani M. [Solitary plasmacytoma of the lung treated with radiotherapy: case study and literature review]. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 34:92. [PMID: 31934235 PMCID: PMC6945674 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.34.92.20089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolated malignant extramedullary plasma cell proliferations known as plasmocytomas are rare. They usually occur in the head and the neck (80% of cases) and exceptionally elsewhere. We report the case of a 62-year old patient with solitary plasmacytoma of the lung initially mimicking primary lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to describe our therapeutic approach and to emphasize the rarity of this case, the prognostic factors as well as the management of these tumors based on a literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Elmorabit
- Service d'Oncologie Radiothérapie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Mohammed VI, Avenue Ibn Sina, Marrakech, Maroc
| | - Najib Derhem
- Service d'Oncologie Radiothérapie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Mohammed VI, Avenue Ibn Sina, Marrakech, Maroc
| | - Mouna Khouchani
- Service d'Oncologie Radiothérapie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Mohammed VI, Avenue Ibn Sina, Marrakech, Maroc
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Abstract
RATIONALE Plasmacytoma as the 1st presentation of skull tumors is a rare disorder. When it is combined with brain trauma or dramatic changes in intracranial pressure, patients are more prone to misdiagnosis. PATIENT CONCERNS A 67-year-old woman complaining of a headache presented with a history of head trauma for the past 1 hour. Emergency head computed tomography initially suggested an epidural hematoma. DIAGNOSIS Emergency surgery was performed to remove the intracranial hematoma, but a tumor-like mass was found during surgery, and pathologic assessment confirmed plasmacytoma. Surgery was difficult because of bleeding. The tumor was radically removed. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES The patient underwent whole-brain radiotherapy and chemotherapy. She died 40 months after the surgery. LESSONS Epidural lesions found after a head injury may be assumed to be an epidural hematoma, leading to unnecessary surgery. Diseases such as hematomas, meningiomas, eosinophilic granulomas, bone metastases, and osteosarcomas must be considered.
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44
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Suska A, Małkowski B, Halaszka K, Gałązka K, Czerniuk MR, Jurczyszyn A. A rare case of a solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the palatine tonsil. Pol Arch Intern Med 2019; 129:201-203. [PMID: 30608059 DOI: 10.20452/pamw.4415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Ribatti D, Tamma R, Vacca A. Mast Cells and Angiogenesis in Human Plasma Cell Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030481. [PMID: 30678047 PMCID: PMC6386864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow angiogenesis plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of hematological malignancies. It is well known that tumor microenvironment promotes tumor angiogenesis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, and also mediates mechanisms of therapeutic resistance. An increased number of mast cells has been demonstrated in angiogenesis associated with hematological tumors. In this review we focused on the role of mast cells in angiogenesis in human plasma cell malignancies. In this context, mast cells might act as a new target for the adjuvant treatment of these tumors through the selective inhibition of angiogenesis, tissue remodeling and tumor-promoting molecules, permitting the secretion of cytotoxic cytokines and preventing mast cell-mediated immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Abstract
RATIONALE Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) are tumors composed by a monoclonal population of plasma cells that arise in extraosseus tissues, occupying <5% of all plasma cell neoplasms. Gastrointestinal solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma is rare, just comprises about 5% of all EMPs. The most common site is small intestine. The gastric incidence is much rare and especially the plasmablastic plasmacytoma in the stomach. PATIENT CONCERNS A 65-year-old man had an epigastric discomfort and mass for about 2 months. Gastroscopy revealed a malignant tumor in the gastric body. Abdomen computed tomography (CT) showed that the gastric cavity was filled, and the irregular soft tissue shadow was seen in the greater curvature, and the enhancement was obvious. To get more tissue, we conducted stomach puncture biopsy. Pathology showed small-round cell malignant tumors. And immunohistochemical examinations revealed that the tumor tend to be a plasma cell tumor. DIAGNOSIS Gastric plasma cell tumor. INTERVENTIONS Distal gastrectomy was performed to treat the tumor. OUTCOMES In addition to ascites caused by hypoproteinemia, there were no postoperative complications. Postoperative pathologic report showed plasmablastic plasmacytoma. Histopathologic examination of the specimen revealed plasmablastic plasmacytoma originating in the stomach with transmural extension, but without lymph node metastasis. The patient is regularly followed up at a postoperative clinic and is doing well, and at present there is no plan for adjuvant treatment. LESSONS Surgical resection is good option for gastrointestinal EMP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Qian
- Department of Respiration, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University
| | | | | | | | - Kefeng Gu
- Department of Pathology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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de Assis Pereira Hansen C, Filho JS, de Mattos Nascimento M, Alves FA, Neotti T, D Almeida Costa F. Extramedullary Manifestation of Multiple Myeloma in the Oral Cavity. Arch Iran Med 2018; 21:611-612. [PMID: 30634861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extramedullary plasmacytomas occurs in about 20% of multiple myeloma (MM) recurrences. Extramedullary disease seems to respond poorly to thalidomide and has adverse prognostic implication. When disease recurs in the oral cavity with soft tissue infiltration, some authors defend upfront surgical excision prior to radiotherapy with the aim of achieving better local control. We describe herein such an atypical case of recurrence from MM, with complete local response after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Unfortunately, disease progressed later on, and the patient died after 9 months post-recurrence. This emphasizes the prognostic impact of extramedullary disease manifestation in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fábio Abreu Alves
- Chief of Dental Surgery Department, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Neotti
- Former Medical Resident in Pathology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
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48
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Suska A, Chmura Ł, Dyduch G, Małkowski B, Jurczyszyn A. Primary solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma progressing to multiple bone plasmacytomas: a rare condition with therapeutic dilemmas. Pol Arch Intern Med 2018; 128:706-708. [PMID: 30335051 DOI: 10.20452/pamw.4353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
RATIONALE The incidence of extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) accounts for 3% to 4% of all cases of generalized plasmacytoma. The most common pathogenic sites are the head and the neck. It is noteworthy that the pathogenic site in this case is extraperitoneal, which is uncommon in clinical practice. In this case report, we aim to discuss the clinical features and diagnosis as well as the treatment methods of EMP. PATIENT CONCERNS A 30-year-old female was admitted to our hospital due to a palpable right upper abdominal mass without symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, fever, or oliguria. DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTIONS Enhanced CT scan showed a right retroperitoneal mass, which we considered to be isolated fibroma. Multiple myeloma (MM) was excluded through whole-body diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and bone marrow biopsy. The patient underwent retroperitoneal tumor resection, and the postoperative pathology revealed plasmacytoma. Thereafter, she received only postoperative radiotherapy. OUTCOMES During the radiotherapy, the patient's condition and appetite were acceptable with I° gastrointestinal reaction. The CT examination of the chest and upper abdomen performed 4, 8, and 12 months after the radiotherapy still showed postoperative and postradiotherapy changes after retroperitoneal plasmacytoma resection without obvious abnormal signs. No recurrence and metastasis were detected after a one-year follow-up. LESSONS Retroperitoneal extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare condition that is frequently a diagnostic challenge, mainly due to its unusual location and nonspecific symptoms, especially in the early stages. The diagnosis of EMP is made through a combination of imaging and pathological examination. Presently, the combinations of radiotherapy and surgery or radiotherapy are the primary treatments, usually leading to an acceptable local control rate. The application of chemotherapy, however, should be carefully considered.
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50
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Yang W, Zheng J, Li R, Ren H, Hou B, Zhao Z, Wang D, Wang G, Liu J, Yan G, Wang D, Zhang X. Multiple myeloma with pathologically proven skull plasmacytoma after a mild head injury: Case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12327. [PMID: 30278508 PMCID: PMC6181601 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE MM is a malignant tumor originating from the plasma cells of the bone marrow. Central nervous system myelomatosis is very rare and may be a complication of MM. PATIENT CONCERNS A 60-year-old man presented with a slowly growing soft mass at his right frontal scalp after a mild head injury 6 months ago. DIAGNOSES Neuroradiological examinations revealed a solid intracranial-extracranial mass with an osteolytic lesion in the skull. Histopathological examination showed skull plasmacytoma, and postoperative examinations revealed multiple myeloma. INTERVENTIONS The tumor was completely removed and the skull defect repaired with the titanium mesh. Then, chemotherapy was initiated after surgery with bortezomib and dexamethasone. OUTCOMES The patient received eight chemotherapies within one year after surgery. LESSONS Despite a history of head injury, a differential diagnosis should be kept in mind during the diagnosis of solid intracranial-extracranial masses, especially in the presence of osteolytic skull at the lesioned site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Jing Zheng
- Gynecology Department, Maternity and Child Care Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ruihao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Haijun Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Boru Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Dengfeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Jixing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Guizhong Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Xinding Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd Hospital of Lanzhou University
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