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Liu Z, Sun L, Peng X, Zhu J, Wu C, Zhu W, Huang C, Zhu Z. PANoptosis subtypes predict prognosis and immune efficacy in gastric cancer. Apoptosis 2024; 29:799-815. [PMID: 38347337 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
PANoptosis is a form of inflammatory programmed cell death that is regulated by the PANoptosome. This PANoptosis possesses key characteristics of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, yet cannot be fully explained by any of these cell death modes. The unique nature of this cell death mechanism has garnered significant interest. However, the specific role of PANoptosis-associated features in gastric cancer (GC) is still uncertain. Patients were categorized into different PAN subtypes based on the expression of genes related to the PANoptosome. We conducted a systematic analysis to investigate the variations in prognosis and tumor microenvironment (TME) among these subtypes. Furthermore, we developed a risk score, called PANoptosis-related risk score (PANS), which is constructed from genes associated with the PANoptosis. We comprehensively analyzed the correlation between PANS and GC prognosis, TME, immunotherapy efficacy and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. Additionally, we performed in vitro experiments to validate the impact of Keratin 7 (KRT7) on GC. We identified two PAN subtypes (PANcluster A and B). PANoptosome genes were highly expressed in PANcluster A. PANcluster A has the characteristics of favorable prognosis, abundant infiltration of anti-tumor lymphocytes, and sensitivity to immunotherapy, thus it was categorized as an immune-inflammatory type. Meanwhile, our constructed PANS can effectively predict the prognosis and immune efficacy of GC. Patients with low PANS have a good prognosis, and have the characteristics of high tumor mutation load (TMB), high microsatellite instability (MSI), low tumor purity and sensitivity to immunotherapy. In addition, PANS can also identify suitable populations for different chemotherapy drugs. Finally, we confirmed that KRT7 is highly expressed in GC. Knocking down the expression of KRT7 significantly weakens the proliferation and migration abilities of GC cells. The models based on PANoptosis signature help to identify the TME features of GC and can effectively predict the prognosis and immune efficacy of GC. Furthermore, the experimental verification results of KRT7 provide theoretical support for anti-tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Changlei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou S, Zhu M, Wei X, Mu P, Shen L, Wang Y, Wan J, Zhang H, Xia F, Zhang Z. Low-dose radiotherapy synergizes with iRGD-antiCD3-modified T cells by facilitating T cell infiltration. Radiother Oncol 2024; 194:110213. [PMID: 38458258 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Poor penetration of transferred T cells represents a critical factor impeding the development of adoptive cell therapy in solid tumors. We demonstrated that iRGD-antiCD3 modification promoted both T cell infiltration and activation in our previous work. Interest in low-dose radiotherapy has recently been renewed due to its immuno-stimulatory effects including T cell recruitment. This study aims to explore the synergistic effects between low-dose radiotherapy and iRGD-antiCD3-modified T cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Flow cytometry was performed to assess the expression of iRGD receptors and chemokines. T cell infiltration was evaluated by immunohistofluorescence and in vivo real-time fluorescence imaging and antitumor effects were investigated by in vivo bioluminescence imaging in the gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis mouse model. RESULTS We found that 2 Gy irradiation upregulated the expression of all three iRGD receptors and T-cell chemokines. The addition of 2 Gy low-dose irradiation boosted the accumulation and penetration of iRGD-antiCD3-modified T cells in peritoneal tumor nodules. Combining 2 Gy low-dose irradiation with iRGD-antiCD3-modified T cells significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in the peritoneal metastasis mouse model with a favorable safety profile. CONCLUSION Altogether, we demonstrated that low-dose radiotherapy could improve the antitumor potency of iRGD-antiCD3-modified T cells by promoting T cell infiltration, providing a rationale for exploring low-dose radiotherapy in combination of other adoptive T cell therapies in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou 221005, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Peiyuan Mu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lijun Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juefeng Wan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Zhong Q, Hong W, Xiong L. KIF3C: an emerging biomarker with prognostic and immune implications across pan-cancer types and its experiment validation in gastric cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:6163-6187. [PMID: 38552217 PMCID: PMC11042961 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Kinesin Family Member 3C (KIF3C) assumes a crucial role in various biological processes of specific human cancers. Nevertheless, there exists a paucity of systematic assessments pertaining to the contribution of KIF3C in human malignancies. We conducted an extensive analysis of KIF3C, covering its expression profile, prognostic relevance, molecular function, tumor immunity, and drug sensitivity. Functional enrichment analysis was also carried out. In addition, we conducted in vitro experiments to substantiate the role of KIF3C in gastric cancer (GC). KIF3C expression demonstrated consistent elevation in various tumors compared to their corresponding normal tissues. We further unveiled that heightened KIF3C expression served as a prognostic indicator, and its elevated levels correlated with unfavorable clinical outcomes, encompassing reduced OS, DSS, and PFS in several cancer types. Notably, KIF3C expression exhibited positive associations with the pathological stages of several cancers. Moreover, KIF3C demonstrated varying relationships with the infiltration of various distinct immune cell types in gastric cancer. Functional analysis outcomes indicated that KIF3C played a role in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Drug sensitivity unveiled a positive relationship between KIF3C in gastric cancer and the IC50 values of the majority of identified anti-cancer drugs. Additionally, KIF3C knockdown reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities, increased apoptosis, and led to alterations in the cell cycle of gastric cancer cells. Our research has revealed the significant and functional role of KIF3C as a tumorigenic gene in diverse cancer types. These findings indicate that KIF3C may serve as a promising target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
- Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Wenbo Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
- Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Lina Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
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Yang B, Wang Y, Liu T, Zhang M, Luo T. The necroptosis-related signature and tumor microenvironment immune characteristics associated with clinical prognosis and drug sensitivity analysis in stomach adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:6098-6117. [PMID: 38546403 PMCID: PMC11042952 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Necroptosis plays an important role in the tumorigenesis, development, metastasis, and drug resistance of malignant tumors. This study explored the new model for assessing stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) prognosis and immunotherapy by combining long noncoding RNAs associated with necroptosis. METHODS Patient clinical data and STAD gene expression profiles were curated from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Immune-related genes were sourced from a specialized molecular database. Perl software and R software were used for data processing and analysis. Necroptosis-related lncRNAs in STAD were pinpointed via R's correlation algorithms. These lncRNAs, in conjunction with clinical data, informed the construction of a prognostic lncRNA-associated risk score model using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The model's prognostic capacity was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and validated as an independent prognostic variable. Further, a nomogram incorporating this model with clinical parameters was developed, offering refined individual survival predictions. Subsequent analyses of immune infiltration and chemosensitivity within necroptosis-related lncRNA clusters utilized an arsenal of bioinformatic tools, culminating in RT-PCR validation of lncRNA expression. RESULTS Through rigorous Cox regression, 21 lncRNAs were implicated in the risk score model. Stratification by median risk scores delineated patients into high- and low-risk cohorts, with the latter demonstrating superior prognostic outcomes. The risk model was corroborated as an independent prognostic indicator for STAD. The integrative nomogram displayed high concordance between predicted and observed survival rates, as evidenced by calibration curves. Differential immune infiltration in risk-defined groups was illuminated by the single sample GSEA (ssGSEA), indicating pronounced immune presence in higher-risk patients. Tumor microenvironment (TME) analysis showed that cluster-C3 had the highest score in the analysis of the three TMEs. Through the differential analysis of immune checkpoints, it was found that almost all immune checkpoint-related genes were expressed differently in various tumor clusters. Among them, CD44 expression was the highest. By comparing all drug sensitivities, we screened out 29 drugs with differences in drug sensitivity across different clusters. Risk score gene expression identification results showed that these lncRNAs were abnormally expressed in gastric cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS This investigation provides a robust methodological advance in prognosticating and personalizing immunotherapy for STAD, leveraging quantitatively derived tumor cluster risk scores. It posits the use of necroptosis-related lncRNAs as pivotal molecular beacons for guiding therapeutic strategies and enhancing clinical outcomes in STAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yingnan Wang
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan 471000, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Meijing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tianhang Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Wang H, An N, Pei A, Sun Y, Li S, Chen S, Zhang N. Exploration of signature based on T cell-related genes in stomach adenocarcinoma by analysis of single cell sequencing data. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:6035-6053. [PMID: 38536020 PMCID: PMC11042963 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading reason for the death of cancer around the world. The immune microenvironment counts a great deal in immunotherapy of advanced tumors, in which T cells exert an indispensable function. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing data were utilized to characterize the expression profile of T cells, followed by T cell-related genes (TCRGs) to construct signature and measure differences in survival time, enrichment pathways, somatic mutation status, immune status, and immunotherapy between groups. RESULTS The complex tumor microenvironment was analyzed by scRNA-seq data of GC patients. We screened for these T cell signature expression genes and the TCRGs-based signature was successfully constructed and relied on the riskscore grouping. In gene set enrichment analysis, it was shown that pro-tumor and suppressive immune pathways were more abundant in the higher risk group. We also found different infiltration of immune cells in two groups, and that the higher risk samples had a poorer response to immunotherapy. CONCLUSION Our study established a prognostic model, in which different groups had different prognosis, immune status, and enriched features. These results have provided additional insights into prognostic evaluation and the development of highly potent immunotherapies in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan An
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiyue Pei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongxiao Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Xu J, Jiang H, Pan Y, Gu K, Cang S, Han L, Shu Y, Li J, Zhao J, Pan H, Luo S, Qin Y, Guo Q, Bai Y, Ling Y, Yang J, Yan Z, Yang L, Tang Y, He Y, Zhang L, Liang X, Niu Z, Zhang J, Mao Y, Guo Y, Peng B, Li Z, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhou H. Sintilimab Plus Chemotherapy for Unresectable Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer: The ORIENT-16 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2023; 330:2064-2074. [PMID: 38051328 PMCID: PMC10698618 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.19918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Importance Gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers are diagnosed in more than 1 million people worldwide annually, and few effective treatments are available. Sintilimab, a recombinant human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that binds to programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), in combination with chemotherapy, has demonstrated promising efficacy. Objective To compare overall survival of patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancers who were treated with sintilimab with chemotherapy vs placebo with chemotherapy. Also compared were a subset of patients with a PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS) of 5 or more (range, 1-100). Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 clinical trial conducted at 62 hospitals in China that enrolled 650 patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma between January 3, 2019, and August 5, 2020. Final follow-up occurred on June 20, 2021. Interventions Patients were randomized 1:1 to either sintilimab (n = 327) or placebo (n = 323) combined with capecitabine and oxaliplatin (the XELOX regimen) every 3 weeks for a maximum of 6 cycles. Maintenance therapy with sintilimab or placebo plus capecitabine continued for up to 2 years. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was overall survival time from randomization. Results Of the 650 patients (mean age, 59 years; 483 [74.3%] men), 327 were randomized to sintilimab plus chemotherapy and 323 to placebo plus chemotherapy. Among the randomized patients, 397 (61.1%) had tumors with a PD-L1 CPS of 5 or more; 563 (86.6%) discontinued study treatment and 388 (59.7%) died; 1 patient (<0.1%) was lost to follow-up. Among all randomized patients, sintilimab improved overall survival compared with placebo (median, 15.2 vs 12.3 months; stratified hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.63-0.94]; P = .009). Among patients with a CPS of 5 or more, sintilimab improved overall survival compared with placebo (median, 18.4 vs 12.9 months; HR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.50-0.86]; P = .002). The most common grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events were decreased platelet count (sintilimab, 24.7% vs placebo, 21.3%), decreased neutrophil count (sintilimab, 20.1% vs placebo, 18.8%), and anemia (sintilimab, 12.5% vs placebo, 8.8%). Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma treated with first-line chemotherapy, sintilimab significantly improved overall survival for all patients and for patients with a CPS of 5 or more compared with placebo. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03745170.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Xu
- The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Kangsheng Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shundong Cang
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Han
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | | | - Jiayi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Junhui Zhao
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suxia Luo
- Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanru Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qunyi Guo
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China
| | - Yuxian Bai
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Ling
- Changzhou Tumor Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Yang
- Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Lei Yang
- Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Yong Tang
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yifu He
- Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, China
| | | | | | - Zuoxing Niu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Yong Mao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | | | - Bo Peng
- Innovent Biologics, Inc., Suzhou, China
| | - Ziran Li
- Innovent Biologics, Inc., Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Innovent Biologics, Inc., Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Innovent Biologics, Inc., Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Innovent Biologics, Inc., Suzhou, China
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Kim CG, Koh JY, Shin SJ, Shin JH, Hong M, Chung HC, Rha SY, Kim HS, Lee CK, Lee JH, Han Y, Kim H, Che X, Yun UJ, Kim H, Kim JH, Lee SY, Park SK, Park S, Kim H, Ahn JY, Jeung HC, Lee JS, Nam YD, Jung M. Prior antibiotic administration disrupts anti-PD-1 responses in advanced gastric cancer by altering the gut microbiome and systemic immune response. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101251. [PMID: 37890486 PMCID: PMC10694627 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Evidence on whether prior antibiotic (pATB) administration modulates outcomes of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is scarce. In this study, we find that pATB administration is consistently associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in multiple cohorts consisting of patients with AGC treated with PD-1 inhibitors. In contrast, pATB does not affect outcomes among patients treated with irinotecan. Multivariable analysis of the overall patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors confirms that pATB administration independently predicts worse PFS and OS. Administration of pATBs is associated with diminished gut microbiome diversity, reduced abundance of Lactobacillus gasseri, and disproportional enrichment of circulating exhaustive CD8+ T cells, all of which are associated with worse outcomes. Considering the inferior treatment response and poor survival outcomes by pATB administration followed by PD-1 blockade, ATBs should be prescribed with caution in patients with AGC who are planning to receive PD-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gon Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Genome Insight, Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Shin
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonki Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Song Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Kun Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejeong Han
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoyong Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiumei Che
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Un-Jung Yun
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hung Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Park
- Deparment of Medical Records, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejung Park
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwook Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Ahn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hei-Cheul Jeung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Seok Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Genome Insight, Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minkyu Jung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Bähr-Mahmud H, Ellinghaus U, Stadler CR, Fischer L, Lindemann C, Chaturvedi A, Diekmann J, Wöll S, Biermann I, Hebich B, Scharf C, Siefke M, Roth AS, Rao M, Brettschneider K, Ewen EM, Şahin U, Türeci Ö. Preclinical characterization of an mRNA-encoded anti-Claudin 18.2 antibody. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2255041. [PMID: 37860278 PMCID: PMC10583639 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2255041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMAB362/Zolbetuximab, a first-in-class IgG1 antibody directed against the cancer-associated gastric-lineage marker CLDN18.2, has recently been reported to have met its primary endpoint in two phase 3 trials as a first-line treatment in combination with standard of care chemotherapy in CLDN18.2-positive Her2 negative advanced gastric cancer. Here we characterize the preclinical pharmacology of BNT141, a nucleoside-modified RNA therapeutic encoding the sequence of IMAB362/Zolbetuximab, formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNP) for liver uptake. We show that the mRNA-encoded antibody displays a stable pharmacokinetic profile in preclinical animal models, mediates CLDN18.2-restricted cytotoxicity comparable to IMAB362 recombinant protein and inhibits human tumor xenograft growth in immunocompromised mice. BNT141 administration did not perpetrate mortality, clinical signs of toxicity, or gastric pathology in animal studies. A phase 1/2 clinical trial with BNT141 mRNA-LNP has been initiated in advanced CLDN18.2-expressing solid cancers (NCT04683939).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Uğur Şahin
- BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany
- TRON gGmbH–Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Özlem Türeci
- BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany
- HI-TRON (Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology) Mainz by DKFZ, Mainz, Germany
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9
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Radziejewska I, Supruniuk K, Jakimiuk K, Tomczyk M, Bielawska A, Galicka A. Tiliroside Combined with Anti-MUC1 Monoclonal Antibody as Promising Anti-Cancer Strategy in AGS Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13036. [PMID: 37685842 PMCID: PMC10487805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific changes in mucin-type O-glycosylation are common for many cancers, including gastric ones. The most typical alterations include incomplete synthesis of glycan structures, enhanced expression of truncated O-glycans (Tn, T antigens and their sialylated forms), and overexpression of fucosylation. Such altered glycans influence many cellular activities promoting cancer development. Tiliroside is a glycosidic dietary flavonoid with pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer. In this study, we aim to assess the effect of the combined action of anti-MUC1 and tiliroside on some cancer-related factors in AGS gastric cancer cells. Cancer cells were treated with 40, 80, and 160 µM tiliroside, 5 µg/mL anti-MUC1, and flavonoid together with mAb. Real-Time PCR, ELISA, and Western blotting were applied to examine MUC1 expression, specific, tumor-associated antigens, enzymes taking part in their formation, Gal-3, Akt, and NF-κB. MUC1 expression was significantly reduced by mAb action. The combined action of anti-MUC1 and tiliroside was more effective in comparison with monotherapy in the case of C1GalT1, ST3GalT1, FUT4, Gal-3, NF-κB, Akt mRNAs, and Tn antigen, as well as sialyl T antigen expression. The results of our study indicate that applied combined therapy may be a promising anti-gastric cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Radziejewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Supruniuk
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Jakimiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (K.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (K.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Galicka
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
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10
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Huang J, Zhao G, Peng Q, Yi X, Ji L, Li J, Li P, Guan Y, Ge J, Chen L, Chen R, Hu X, Lee W, Reuben A, Futreal PA, Xia X, Ma J, Zhang J, Chen Z. Analysis of genomic and immune intratumor heterogeneity in linitis plastica via multiregional exome and T-cell receptor sequencing. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:1531-1544. [PMID: 36703611 PMCID: PMC10399711 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular landscape and the intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) architecture of gastric linitis plastica (LP) are poorly understood. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing on 40 tumor regions from four LP patients. The landscape and ITH at the genomic and immunological levels in LP tumors were compared with multiple cancers that have previously been reported. The lymphocyte infiltration was further assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in LP tumors. In total, we identified 6339 non-silent mutations from multi-samples, with a median tumor mutation burden (TMB) of 3.30 mutations per Mb, comparable to gastric adenocarcinoma from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (P = 0.53). An extremely high level of genomic ITH was observed, with only 12.42%, 5.37%, 5.35%, and 30.67% of mutations detectable across 10 regions within the same tumors of each patient, respectively. TCR sequencing revealed that TCR clonality was substantially lower in LP than in multi-cancers. IHC using antibodies against CD4, CD8, and PD-L1 demonstrated scant T-cell infiltration in the four LP tumors. Furthermore, profound TCR ITH was observed in all LP tumors, with no T-cell clones shared across tumor regions in any of the patients, while over 94% of T-cell clones were restricted to individual tumor regions. The Morisita overlap index (MOI) ranged from 0.21 to 0.66 among multi-regions within the same tumors, significantly lower than that of lung cancer (P = 0.002). Our results show that LP harbored extremely high genomic and TCR ITH and suppressed T-cell infiltration, suggesting a potential contribution to the frequent recurrence and poor therapeutic response of this adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- The Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal TumorXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya HospitalXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- International Joint Research Center of Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Technology Equipment & StandardizationChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Guofeng Zhao
- Geneplus‐Beijing InstituteBeijingChina
- Geneplus‐BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Qiu Peng
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xin Yi
- Geneplus‐Beijing InstituteBeijingChina
- Geneplus‐BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Liyan Ji
- Geneplus‐Beijing InstituteBeijingChina
- Geneplus‐BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Jing Li
- Geneplus‐Beijing InstituteBeijingChina
- Geneplus‐BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Pansong Li
- Geneplus‐Beijing InstituteBeijingChina
- Geneplus‐BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Yanfang Guan
- Geneplus‐Beijing InstituteBeijingChina
- Geneplus‐BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Jie Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Runzhe Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Genomic MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Genomic MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Won‐Chul Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - P. Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | | | - Jian Ma
- The Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal TumorXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Genomic MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Zihua Chen
- The Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal TumorXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- International Joint Research Center of Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Technology Equipment & StandardizationChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
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11
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Ren J, He Q, Yin H, Zheng L, Li L, Wu X. Prognostic role and clinical significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:1436-1445. [PMID: 36528835 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study intended to evaluate the prognostic effects of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in survival and their associations with clinicopathological characteristics in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Ovid databases were searched to obtain the relevant studies. Eleven studies with 2298 patients were included in this study. RESULTS Like the level of TILs, there were no significant associations between PD-L1 expression and TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, and tumor location (All p values ≥ 0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant association between PD-L1 expression with overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.55 to 1.05, p value = 0.10) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.10 to 3.68, p value = 0.59). In the assessment of TILs presence and survival association, the analysis showed no association between TILs presence and overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.45). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the study has revealed no prognostic effect of PD-L1 and TILs in gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Qinglian He
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Hui Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China.
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12
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Yang S, Sun B, Li W, Yang H, Li N, Zhang X. Fatty acid metabolism is related to the immune microenvironment changes of gastric cancer and RGS2 is a new tumor biomarker. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1065927. [PMID: 36591293 PMCID: PMC9797045 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1065927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alterations in lipid metabolism promote tumor progression. However, the role of lipid metabolism in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer have not been fully clarified. Method Here, genes that are related to fatty acid metabolism and differentially-expressed between normal and gastric cancer tissues were identified in the TCGA-STAD cohort. The intersection of identified differentially-expressed genes with Geneset was determined to obtain 78 fatty acid metabolism-related genes. The ConsensusClusterPlus R package was used to perform differentially-expressed genes, which yielded divided two gastric cancer subtypes termed cluster 1 and cluster 2. Results Patients in cluster 2 was found to display poorer prognosis than patients in cluster 1. Using machine learning method to select 8 differentially expressed genes among subtypes to construct fatty acid prognostic risk score model (FARS), which was found to display good prognostic efficacy. We also identified that certain anticancer drugs, such as bortezomib, elesclomol, GW843682X, and nilotinib, showed significant sensitivity in the high FARS score group. RGS2 was selected as the core gene upon an analysis of the gastric cancer single-cell, and Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining results revealed high level of expression of this gene in gastric cancer cells. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that a large amount of RGS2 was deposited in the stroma in gastric cancer. A pan-cancer analysis also revealed a significant association of RGS2 with TMB, TIDE, and CD8+ T-cell infiltration in other cancer types as well. RGS2 may thus be studied further as a new target for immunotherapy in future studies on gastric cancer. Conclusion In summary, the FARS model developed here enhances our understanding of lipid metabolism in the TME in gastric cancer, and provides a theoretical basis for predicting tumor prognosis and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Boshi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nana Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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13
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Zhang X, Wu X, Sun Y, Chu Y, Liu F, Chen C. TRIM44 regulates tumor immunity in gastric cancer through LOXL2-dependent extracellular matrix remodeling. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 46:423-435. [PMID: 36512309 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric cancer is a gastrointestinal malignancy with high mortality and poor prognosis, and the molecular mechanism of gastric tumorigenesis remains unclear. TRIM44 has been reported to be involved in tumor development. However, the role of TRIM44 in tumor immunity is largely unknown. METHODS We analyzed TRIM44 expression in clinical gastric cancer tissues and normal tissues by using western blot, quantitative real-time PCR and bioinformatics analyses. We further investigated the involvement of TRIM44 in tumor immunity in vivo and found that it was dependent on extracellular matrix remodeling. We detected the interaction between TRIM44 and LOXL2 by using immunofluorescence staining and coimmunoprecipitation assays. We observed that TRIM44 mediates the stability of LOXL2 by ubiquitination assays. RESULTS TRIM44 expression is high and is correlated with T-cell infiltration in gastric cancer. TRIM44 inhibits gastric tumorigenicity by regulating T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity and modulating the protein level of LOXL2. Mechanistically, TRIM44 directly binds to LOXL2 and affects the stability of LOXL2 to change extracellular matrix remodeling and influence tumor immunity. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that TRIM44 regulates the stability of LOXL2 to remodel the tumor extracellular matrix to modulate tumor immunity in gastric cancer and that the TRIM44/LOXL2 complex is a promising biomarker for gastric cancer prognosis and might be a novel immunotherapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, 250012, JiNan, China
| | - Xiusheng Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, 105 Plaza Street, Linyi County, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Blood quality Control, Yantai central blood station, 10 Haiyun Road, Yantai, China
| | - Yali Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, 250012, JiNan, China
| | - Fengjun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, 250012, JiNan, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, 250012, JiNan, China.
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14
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Mansorunov D, Apanovich N, Kipkeeva F, Nikulin M, Malikhova O, Stilidi I, Karpukhin A. The Correlation of Ten Immune Checkpoint Gene Expressions and Their Association with Gastric Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213846. [PMID: 36430322 PMCID: PMC9695628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibition (IC), additional ICs are being studied to increase its effectiveness. An almost unstudied feature is the possible co-expression of ICs, which can determine the therapeutic efficacy of their inhibition. For the selection of promising ICs, information on the association of their expression with cancer development may be essential. We have obtained data on the expression correlation of ADAM17, PVR, TDO2, CD274, CD276, CEACAM1, IDO1, LGALS3, LGALS9, and HHLA2 genes in gastric cancer (GC). All but one, TDO2, have other IC genes with co-expression at some stage. At the metastatic stage, the expression of the IDO1 does not correlate with any other gene. The correlations are positive, but the expressions of the CD276 and CEACAM1 genes are negatively correlated. The expression of TDO2 and LGALS3 is associated with GC metastasis. The expression of TDO2 four-fold higher in metastatic tumors than in non-metastatic tumors, but LGALS3 was two-fold lower. The differentiation is associated with IDO1. The revealed features of TDO2, with a significant increase in expression at the metastatic stage and the absence of other IC genes with correlated expression indicates that the prospect of inhibiting TDO2 in metastatic GC. IDO1 may be considered for inhibition in low-differentiated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danzan Mansorunov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St., 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya Apanovich
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St., 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fatimat Kipkeeva
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St., 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Nikulin
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Malikhova
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Stilidi
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Karpukhin
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St., 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-324-12-39
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15
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You W, Ouyang J, Cai Z, Chen Y, Wu X. Comprehensive Analyses of Immune Subtypes of Stomach Adenocarcinoma for mRNA Vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:827506. [PMID: 35874675 PMCID: PMC9300892 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.827506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have unique advantages against multiple tumors, mRNA vaccine targets in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) remain unknown. The potential effectiveness of mRNA vaccines is closely associated with the tumor immune infiltration microenvironment. The present study aimed to identify tumor antigens of STAD as mRNA vaccine targets and systematically determine immune subtypes (ISs) of STAD that might be suitable for immunotherapy. Methods Gene expression profiles and clinical data of patients with gastric cancer were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; n = 409) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; n = 433), and genomic data were extracted from cBioPortal. Differential gene expression was analyzed using the limma package, genetic alterations were visualized using maftools, and prognosis was analyzed using ToPP. Correlations between gene expression and immune infiltration were calculated using TIMER software, and potential ISs were identified using ConsensusClusterPlus. Functional enrichment was analyzed in clusterProfiler, and r co-expression networks were analyzed using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) package in R. Results Overexpression of the prognostic and highly mutated antigens ADAMTS18, COL10A1, PPEF1, and STRA6 was associated with infiltration by antigen-presenting cells in STAD. Five ISs (IS1–IS5) in STAD with distinct prognoses were developed and validated in TCGA and GEO databases. The tumor mutational burden and molecular and clinical characteristics significantly differed among IS1–IS5. Both IS1 and IS2 were associated with a high mutational burden, massive infiltration by immune cells, especially antigen-presenting cells, and better survival compared with the other subtypes. Both IS4 and IS5 were associated with cold immune infiltration and correlated with advanced pathological stages. We analyzed the immune microenvironments of five subtypes of immune modulators and biomarkers to select suitable populations for mRNA vaccination and established four co-expressed key modules to validate the characteristics of the ISs. Finally, the correlation of these four mRNA vaccine targets with the transcription factors of DC cells, including BATF3, IRF4, IRF8, ZEB2, ID2, KLF4, E2-2, and IKZF1, were explored to reveal the underlying mechanisms. Conclusions ADAMTS18, COL10A1, PPEF1, and STRA6 are potential mRNA vaccine candidates for STAD. Patients with IS1 and IS2 are suitable populations for mRNA vaccination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang You
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Ouyang
- The Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Institute for Genome and Bioinformatics, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Zerong Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojian Wu,
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16
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Qin L, Wang L, Zhang J, Zhou H, Yang Z, Wang Y, Cai W, Wen F, Jiang X, Zhang T, Ye H, Long B, Qin J, Shi W, Guan X, Yu Z, Yang J, Wang Q, Jiao Z. Therapeutic strategies targeting uPAR potentiate anti-PD-1 efficacy in diffuse-type gastric cancer. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn3774. [PMID: 35613265 PMCID: PMC9132454 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn3774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) is a subtype of gastric cancer (GC) associated with low HER2 positivity rate and insensitivity to chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we identify urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) as a potential therapeutic target for DGC. We have developed a novel anti-uPAR monoclonal antibody, which targets the domains II and III of uPAR and blocks the binding of urokinase-type plasminogen activator to uPAR. We show that the combination of anti-uPAR and anti-Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) remarkably inhibits tumor growth and prolongs survival via multiple mechanisms, using cell line-derived xenograft and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. Furthermore, uPAR chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T cells based on the novel anti-uPAR effectively kill DGC patient-derived organoids and exhibit impressive survival benefit in the established mouse models, especially when combined with PD-1 blockade therapy. Our study provides a new possibility of DGC treatment by targeting uPAR in a unique manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Qin
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Junchang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Huinian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Zhiliang Yang
- Lanzhou Huazhitiancheng Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Lanzhou Huazhitiancheng Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Weiwen Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Fei Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Xiangyan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Tiansheng Zhang
- Lanzhou Huazhitiancheng Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Huili Ye
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Bo Long
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Junjie Qin
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Wengui Shi
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Xiaoying Guan
- Department of Pathology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Zeyuan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
- Corresponding author. (Z.J.); (Q.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Lanzhou Huazhitiancheng Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Corresponding author. (Z.J.); (Q.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Zuoyi Jiao
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
- Corresponding author. (Z.J.); (Q.W.); (J.Y.)
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17
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Silva ANS, Saito Y, Yoshikawa T, Oshima T, Hayden JD, Oosting J, Earle S, Hewitt LC, Slaney HL, Wright A, Inam I, Langley RE, Allum W, Nankivell MG, Hutchins G, Cunningham D, Grabsch HI. Increasing frequency of gene copy number aberrations is associated with immunosuppression and predicts poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma. Br J Surg 2022; 109:291-297. [PMID: 35179206 PMCID: PMC10364690 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Epstein-Barr virus-positive gastric cancers or those with microsatellite instability appear to have a favourable prognosis. However, the prognostic value of the chromosomal status (chromosome-stable (CS) versus chromosomal instable (CIN)) remains unclear in gastric cancer. METHODS Gene copy number aberrations (CNAs) were determined in 16 CIN-associated genes in a retrospective study including test and validation cohorts of patients with gastric cancer. Patients were stratified into CS (no CNA), CINlow (1-2 CNAs) or CINhigh (3 or more CNAs). The relationship between chromosomal status, clinicopathological variables, and overall survival (OS) was analysed. The relationship between chromosomal status, p53 expression, and tumour infiltrating immune cells was also assessed and validated externally. RESULTS The test and validation cohorts included 206 and 748 patients, respectively. CINlow and CINhigh were seen in 35.0 and 15.0 per cent of patients, respectively, in the test cohort, and 48.5 and 20.7 per cent in the validation cohort. Patients with CINhigh gastric cancer had the poorest OS in the test and validation cohorts. In multivariable analysis, CINlow, CINhigh and pTNM stage III-IV (P < 0.001) were independently associated with poor OS. CIN was associated with high p53 expression and low immune cell infiltration. CONCLUSION CIN may be a potential new prognostic biomarker independent of pTNM stage in gastric cancer. Patients with gastric cancer demonstrating CIN appear to be immunosuppressed, which might represent one of the underlying mechanisms explaining the poor survival and may help guide future therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo N. S. Silva
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrookes, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yuichi Saito
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Oshima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jeremy D. Hayden
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Jan Oosting
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie Earle
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lindsay C. Hewitt
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hayley L. Slaney
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alex Wright
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Imran Inam
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ruth E. Langley
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - William Allum
- Department of Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Gordon Hutchins
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David Cunningham
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Heike I. Grabsch
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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18
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Ai K, Yuan D, Zheng J. Experimental Research on the Antitumor Effect of Human Gastric Cancer Cells Transplanted in Nude Mice Based on Deep Learning Combined with Spleen-Invigorating Chinese Medicine. Comput Math Methods Med 2022; 2022:3010901. [PMID: 35190750 PMCID: PMC8858057 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3010901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is still the fifth most common malignant tumor in the world and has the fourth highest mortality rate in the world. Gastric cancer is difficult to treat because of its unobvious onset, low resection rate, and rapid deterioration. Therefore, humans have been working hard to combat gastric cancer. At present, the most commonly used treatment method is radiotherapy. However, this method will damage the normal tissues of the irradiated area while treating malignant tumor cells. It not only has side effects of damage to the patient's skin and mucous membranes but also needs high-rate radiotherapy and has high cost for chemotherapy. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to find new treatment methods. This article proposes the use of Chinese medicine to invigorate the spleen to inhibit human gastric cancer cells. This article combines modern machine learning technology with traditional Chinese medicine and combines traditional Chinese medicine physiotherapy with Western medicine nude mouse transplantation experiments. The treatment of tumors in Chinese medicine is based on the theory of Chinese medicine and has different characteristics. Western medicine has the advantage of permanently injuring patients. The process of the experiment is to transplant human-derived gastric cancer cells into nude mice. After grouping treatments and obtaining comparative data, deep learning techniques are used to analyze the properties of Chinese medicines for strengthening the spleen and to compare the properties of Chinese medicines for strengthening the spleen. The experimental results showed that the tumor inhibition rate of mice using fluorouracil was 18%, the tumor inhibition rate of mice using low-dose Chinese medicine was 16%, and the tumor inhibition rate of mice using high-dose Chinese medicine reached 52%. 80 days after the experiment, the survival rate of mice using high-dose Chinese medicine is 100% higher than that of mice without treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ai
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000 Hubei, China
| | - Ding Yuan
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000 Hubei, China
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on TCM Approved by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000 Hubei, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000 Hubei, China
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19
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Li J, Sun L, Chen Y, Zhu J, Shen J, Wang J, Gu Y, Zhang G, Wang M, Shi T, Chen W. Gastric cancer-derived exosomal miR-135b-5p impairs the function of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by targeting specificity protein 1. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:311-325. [PMID: 34159436 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that tumor-derived exosomes participate in the communication between tumor cells and their microenvironment and mediate malignant biological behaviors including immune escape. In this study, we found that gastric cancer (GC) cell-derived exosomes could be effectively uptaken by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, decrease the cell viability of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, induce apoptosis, and reduce the production of cytotoxic cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α. Furthermore, we demonstrated that exosomal miR-135b-5p was delivered into Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Exosomal miR-135b-5p impaired the function of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by targeting specificity protein 1 (SP1). More importantly, blocking the SP1 function by Plicamycin, an SP1 inhibitor, abolished the effect of stable miR-135b-5p knockdown GC cell-derived exosomes on Vγ9Vδ2 T cell function. Collectively, our results suggest that GC cell-derived exosomes impair the function of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells via miR-135b-5p/SP1 pathway, and targeting exosomal miR-135b-5p/SP1 axis may improve the efficiency of GC immunotherapy based on Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Linqing Sun
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinghan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanzheng Gu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangbo Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan Wang
- Suzhou Red Cross Blood Center, 355 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Tongguo Shi
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Province, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, 215100, China.
| | - Weichang Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Province, 50 Donghuan Road, Suzhou, 215100, China.
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20
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped gram-negative bacterium. Its infection is mainly transmitted via oral-oral and fecal-oral routes usually during early childhood. It can achieve persistent colonization by manipulating the host immune responses, which also causes mucosal damage and inflammation. H. pylori gastritis is an infectious disease and results in chronic gastritis of different severity in near all patients with infection. It may develop from acute/chronic inflammation, chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and intraepithelial neoplasia, eventually to gastric cancer. This review attempts to cover recent studies which provide important insights into how H. pylori causes chronic inflammation and what the characteristic is, which will immunologically explain H. pylori gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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21
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Han S, Tay JK, Loh CJL, Chu AJM, Yeong JPS, Lim CM, Toh HC. Epstein–Barr Virus Epithelial Cancers—A Comprehensive Understanding to Drive Novel Therapies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:734293. [PMID: 34956172 PMCID: PMC8702733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous oncovirus associated with specific epithelial and lymphoid cancers. Among the epithelial cancers, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC), and EBV-associated gastric cancers (EBVaGC) are the most common. The role of EBV in the pathogenesis of NPC and in the modulation of its tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) has been increasingly well described. Much less is known about the pathogenesis and tumour–microenvironment interactions in other EBV-associated epithelial cancers. Despite the expression of EBV-related viral oncoproteins and a generally immune-inflamed cancer subtype, EBV-associated epithelial cancers have limited systemic therapeutic options beyond conventional chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective only in a minority of these patients and even less efficacious with molecular targeting drugs. Here, we examine the key similarities and differences of NPC, LELC, and EBVaGC and comprehensively describe the clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics of these cancers. A deeper comparative understanding of these EBV-driven cancers can potentially uncover targets in the tumour, TIME, and stroma, which may guide future drug development and cast light on resistance to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Han
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua K. Tay
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Joe Poh Sheng Yeong
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chwee Ming Lim
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Han Chong Toh,
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22
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Hu X, Wang Z, Wang Q, Chen K, Han Q, Bai S, Du J, Chen W. Molecular classification reveals the diverse genetic and prognostic features of gastric cancer: A multi-omics consensus ensemble clustering. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112222. [PMID: 34607103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common tumor. It is necessary to identify novel molecular subtypes to guide patient selection for specific target therapeutic benefits. METHODS Multi-omics data, including transcriptomics RNA-sequencing (mRNA, LncRNA, miRNA), DNA methylation, and gene mutations in the TCGA-STAD cohort were used for the clustering. Ten classical clustering algorithms were executed to recognize patients with different molecular features using the "MOVICS" package in R. The activated signaling pathways were evaluated using the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. The differential distribution of gene mutations, copy number alterations, and tumor mutation burden was compared, and potential responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy were also assessed. RESULTS Two molecular subtypes (CS1 and CS2) were recognized by ten clustering algorithms with consensus ensembles. Patients in the CS1 group had a shorter average overall survival time (28.5 vs. 68.9 months, P = 0.016), and progression-free survival (19.0 vs. 63.9 months, P = 0.008) as compared to those in the CS2 group. Extracellular associated biological process activation was higher in the CS1 group, while the CS2 group displayed the enhanced activation of cell cycle-associated pathways. Significantly higher total mutation numbers and neoantigens were observed in the CS2 group, along with specific mutations in TTN, MUC16, and ARID1A. Higher infiltration of immunocytes was also observed in the CS2 group, reflective of the potential immunotherapeutic benefits. Moreover, the CS2 group could also respond to 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and paclitaxel. The similar diversity in clinical outcomes between CS1 and CS2 groups was successfully validated in the external cohorts, GSE62254, GSE26253, GSE15459, and GSE84437. CONCLUSION The findings provided novel insights into the GC subtypes through integrative analysis of five -omics data by ten clustering algorithms. These could provide potential clinical therapeutic targets based on the specific molecular features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyu Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, PR China
| | - Zhenglin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province 515000, PR China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, PR China
| | - Qijun Han
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, PR China
| | - Suwen Bai
- Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen & The Third Affiliated Hospital (Provisional) of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, PR China
| | - Juan Du
- Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen & The Third Affiliated Hospital (Provisional) of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, PR China; School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, PR China.
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23
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Shin SH, Park Y, Park SS, Ju EJ, Park J, Ko EJ, Bae DJ, Kim S, Chung C, Song HY, Jang SJ, Jeong S, Song SY, Choi EK. An Elaborate New Linker System Significantly Enhances the Efficacy of an HER2-Antibody-Drug Conjugate against Refractory HER2-Positive Cancers. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2102414. [PMID: 34664433 PMCID: PMC8655175 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in breast and gastric cancers and this causes poor clinical outcomes. Although both T-DM1 and Enhertu are approved as an HER2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), the effects of these drugs are still not satisfactory to eradicate diverse tumors expressing HER2. To address this shortfall in HER2-targeted therapeutics, an elaborate cleavable linker is created and a novel HER2-targeting ADC composed with trastuzumab and monomethyl auristatin F, which is being investigated in a phase 1 clinical trial and is referred to as LegoChem Bisciences-ADC (LCB-ADC). LCB-ADC displays a higher cytotoxic potency than T-DM1 and it also has a higher G2/M arrest ratio. In animal studies, LCB-ADC produces noticeable tumor growth inhibition compared with trastuzumab or T-DM1 in an HER2 high-expressing N87 xenograft tumor. Especially, LCB-ADC shows good efficacy in terms of suppressing tumor growth in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of HER2-positive gastric cancer as well as in T-DM1-resistant models such as HER2 low-expressing HER2 low expressing JIMT-1 xenograft tumor and PDX. Collectively, the results demonstrate that LCB-ADC with the elaborate linker has a higher efficacy and greater biostability than its ADC counterparts and may successfully treat cancers that are nonresponsive to previous therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol Hwa Shin
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and TechnologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life SciencesASAN Medical CenterSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer TherapeuticsASAN Medical CenterSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Yun‐Hee Park
- ADC R&D CenterLegoChem Biosciences, Inc.Daejeon34302Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Soon Park
- Asan Institute for Life SciencesASAN Medical CenterSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer TherapeuticsASAN Medical CenterSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Ju
- Asan Institute for Life SciencesASAN Medical CenterSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer TherapeuticsASAN Medical CenterSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Park
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and TechnologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life SciencesASAN Medical CenterSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer TherapeuticsASAN Medical CenterSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Ko
- Asan Institute for Life SciencesASAN Medical CenterSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer TherapeuticsASAN Medical CenterSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Bae
- Asan Institute for Life SciencesASAN Medical CenterSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life SciencesASAN Medical CenterSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence MedicineASAN Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Chul‐Woong Chung
- ADC R&D CenterLegoChem Biosciences, Inc.Daejeon34302Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Young Song
- ADC R&D CenterLegoChem Biosciences, Inc.Daejeon34302Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jang
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and TechnologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Department of PathologyASAN Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Seong‐Yun Jeong
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and TechnologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life SciencesASAN Medical CenterSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer TherapeuticsASAN Medical CenterSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence MedicineASAN Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Si Yeol Song
- Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer TherapeuticsASAN Medical CenterSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation OncologyASAN Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and TechnologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer TherapeuticsASAN Medical CenterSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation OncologyASAN Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul05505Republic of Korea
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24
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Chen S, Lai H, Zhao J, Chen B, Li Y, Li Y, Li Q, Zheng Q, Huang S, Zhu X. The viral expression and immune status in human cancers and insights into novel biomarkers of immunotherapy. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1183. [PMID: 34740324 PMCID: PMC8571886 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral infections are prevalent in human cancers and they have great diagnostic and theranostic values in clinical practice. Recently, their potential of shaping the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has been related to the immunotherapy of human cancers. However, the landscape of viral expressions and immune status in human cancers remains incompletely understood. METHODS We developed a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based pipeline to detect viral sequences from the whole transcriptome and used machine learning algorithms to classify different TIME subtypes. RESULTS We revealed a pan-cancer landscape of viral expressions in human cancers where 9 types of viruses were detected in 744 tumors of 25 cancer types. Viral infections showed different tissue tendencies and expression levels. Multi-omics analyses further revealed their distinct impacts on genomic, transcriptomic and immune responses. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) and Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-infected head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) showed decreased genomic variations, significantly altered gene expressions, and effectively triggered anti-viral immune responses. We identified three TIME subtypes, in which the "Immune-Stimulation" subtype might be the promising candidate for immunotherapy. EBV-infected STAD and HPV-infected HNSC showed a higher frequency of the "Immune-Stimulation" subtype. Finally, we constructed the eVIIS pipeline to simultaneously evaluate viral infection and immune status in external datasets. CONCLUSIONS Viral infections are prevalent in human cancers and have distinct influences on hosts. EBV and HPV infections combined with the TIME subtype could be promising biomarkers of immunotherapy in STAD and HNSC, respectively. The eVIIS pipeline could be a practical tool to facilitate clinical practice and relevant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Lai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiupeng Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has had limited efficacy against solid tumors, but a CAR T-cell therapy targeting isoform 2 of the tight junction membrane protein claudin 18, preferentially expressed on stomach mucosal cells, showed acceptable safety and promising efficacy against advanced digestive system cancers in a phase I trial.
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Bolandi N, Derakhshani A, Hemmat N, Baghbanzadeh A, Asadzadeh Z, Afrashteh Nour M, Brunetti O, Bernardini R, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. The Positive and Negative Immunoregulatory Role of B7 Family: Promising Novel Targets in Gastric Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910719. [PMID: 34639059 PMCID: PMC8509619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), with a heterogeneous nature, is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Over the past few decades, stable reductions in the incidence of GC have been observed. However, due to the poor response to common treatments and late diagnosis, this cancer is still considered one of the lethal cancers. Emerging methods such as immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the landscape of treatment for GC patients. There are presently eleven known members of the B7 family as immune checkpoint molecules: B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), B7-H1 (PD-L1, CD274), B7-DC (PDCD1LG2, PD-L2, CD273), B7-H2 (B7RP1, ICOS-L, CD275), B7-H3 (CD276), B7-H4 (B7x, B7S1, Vtcn1), B7-H5 (VISTA, Gi24, DD1α, Dies1 SISP1), B7-H6 (NCR3LG1), B7-H7 (HHLA2), and Ig-like domain-containing receptor 2 (ILDR2). Interaction of the B7 family of immune-regulatory ligands with the corresponding receptors resulted in the induction and inhibition of T cell responses by sending co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signals, respectively. Manipulation of the signals provided by the B7 family has significant potential in the management of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bolandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 571478334, Iran
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Mina Afrashteh Nour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 571478334, Iran
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit—IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Renato Bernardini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95100 Catania, Italy;
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit—IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (B.B.); Tel.: +98-413-3371440 (B.B.); Fax: +98-413-3371311 (B.B.)
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (B.B.); Tel.: +98-413-3371440 (B.B.); Fax: +98-413-3371311 (B.B.)
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Iwasaki A, Shinozaki-Ushiku A, Kunita A, Yamazawa S, Sato Y, Yamashita H, Fukayama M, Seto Y, Ushiku T. Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Deficiency in Gastric Carcinoma: An Adaptive Immune Evasion Strategy Most Common in Microsatellite Instable Tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:1213-1220. [PMID: 34310369 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is effective only for a subset of patients with gastric cancer. Impaired neoantigen presentation caused by deficiency of human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) has been reported as a common mechanism of immune evasion which is associated with resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. To elucidate the significance of HLA-I deficiency in gastric cancer with special focus on microsatellite instable (MSI) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive tumors, we examined HLA-I expression on tumor cells and correlated the results with clinicopathologic features, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, and degree of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. This study included 58 MSI, 44 EBV-positive, and 107 non-EBV non-MSI tumors for comparison. The frequency of HLA-I deficiency (≥1% tumor cells) was significantly higher in MSI tumors (52%) compared with EBV-positive tumors (23%) and the other tumors (28%). In contrast, PD-L1 expression levels were highest in EBV-positive tumors, followed by MSI tumors, with the lowest prevalence in the other tumors in both Tumor Proportion Score and Combined Positive Score. HLA-I deficiency was significantly more frequent in advanced tumors (pT2-4) than in early tumors (pT1) in MSI and non-EBV non-MSI subtypes. In addition, the degree of CD8-positive cells infiltration was significantly reduced in HLA-I deficient tumor areas compared with HLA-I preserved tumor area within a tumor. Based on our observations, HLA-I, as well as PD-L1, should be considered as a common mechanism of immune escape especially in the MSI subtype, and therefore could be a biomarker predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hiroharu Yamashita
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Asahi TelePathology Center, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi, Chiba Prefecture, Japan
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Gornowicz A, Szymanowski W, Czarnomysy R, Bielawski K, Bielawska A. Anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies intensify the susceptibility of human gastric cancer cells to etoposide by promoting apoptosis, but not autophagy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255585. [PMID: 34437575 PMCID: PMC8389407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a multifactorial disease with high mortality. Anti-HER2 therapy is a promising strategy in GC treatment and trastuzumab was approved by FDA (Food and Drug Administration) as the first and the second line of treatment of the disease. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of a combination of etoposide with trastuzumab or pertuzumab in AGS gastric cancer cells and breast cancer cells such as MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1954. METHODS AND FINDINGS The cytotoxic effects of the tested compounds against gastric and breast cancer cells were checked by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The anti-proliferative potential was analyzed by the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into DNA. Fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry was used to demonstrate the effect of the compounds on apoptosis. The mitochondrial membrane potential, and the activity of caspase-8 and caspase-9 were assessed. Autophagosomes and autolysosomes formation was checked by flow cytometry. The concentrations of Beclin-1, LC3A and LC3B were performed using ELISA. The expression of LC3A/B was also determined. The results from our study proved that the combination of etoposide with anti-HER2 antibodies was not cytotoxic against breast cancer cells, whereas the combination of etoposide with anti-HER2 antibodies decreased viability and DNA biosynthesis in gastric cancer cells. The interaction of etoposide with pertuzumab or trastuzumab induced programmed cell death via extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in AGS gastric cancer cells, but did not affect autophagy, where a decrease of Beclin-1, LC3A and LC3B was observed in comparison with the untreated control. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that etoposide (12.5 μM) with pertuzumab represent a promising strategy in gastric cancer treatment, but further in vivo examinations are also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gornowicz
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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29
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Xu QF, Peng HP, Lu XR, Hu Y, Xu ZH, Xu JK. Oleanolic acid regulates the Treg/Th17 imbalance in gastric cancer by targeting IL-6 with miR-98-5p. Cytokine 2021; 148:155656. [PMID: 34388475 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) was a type of malignant tumor with a very high fatality rate. Oleanolic acid (OA) was a class of pentacyclic triterpenes which was proved to have anti-cancer activity. While the specific molecular mechanism of OA's role in inhibiting GC was not fully understood. This study aimed to explore how OA played an anti-cancer role in GC. METHODS Expression of miR-98-5p was examined using qPCR, and expression levels of Treg/Th17-related factors were evaluated using qPCR and western blot. Flow cytometry was conducted to assess the proportion of Treg cells and Th17 cells. Besides, dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify that IL-6 was a target of miR-98-5p. RESULTS Downregulation of miR-98-5p and upregulation of Treg/Th17-related factors were observed in GC tissues. What's more, the Treg/Th17 imbalance was found in PBMCs of GC patients. Overexpression of miR-98-5p promoted balance of Treg/Th17 cells via directly targeting IL-6 to downregulate expression of IL-6. Finally, OA could promote balance of Treg/Th17 cells by upregulating expression of miR-98-5p. DISCUSSION All our results proved that OA could promote balance of Treg/Th17 cells in GC by targeting IL-6 with miR-98-5p, indicating a potential drug for treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Fei Xu
- Department of Spleen and Stomach and Hepatology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Hui-Ping Peng
- Department of Spleen and Stomach and Hepatology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xi-Rong Lu
- Department of Spleen and Stomach and Hepatology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Spleen and Stomach and Hepatology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zou-Hua Xu
- Department of Spleen and Stomach and Hepatology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Jin-Kang Xu
- Department of Spleen and Stomach and Hepatology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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30
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Pegram MD, Hamilton EP, Tan AR, Storniolo AM, Balic K, Rosenbaum AI, Liang M, He P, Marshall S, Scheuber A, Das M, Patel MR. First-in-Human, Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Study of Biparatopic Anti-HER2 Antibody-Drug Conjugate MEDI4276 in Patients with HER2-positive Advanced Breast or Gastric Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1442-1453. [PMID: 34045233 PMCID: PMC9398097 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
MEDI4276 is a biparatopic tetravalent antibody targeting two nonoverlapping epitopes in subdomains 2 and 4 of the HER2 ecto-domain, with site-specific conjugation to a tubulysin-based microtubule inhibitor payload. MEDI4276 demonstrates enhanced cellular internalization and cytolysis of HER2-positive tumor cells in vitro This was a first-in-human, dose-escalation clinical trial in patients with HER2-positive advanced or metastatic breast cancer or gastric cancer. MEDI4276 doses escalated from 0.05 to 0.9 mg/kg (60- to 90-minute intravenous infusion every 3 weeks). Primary endpoints were safety and tolerability; secondary endpoints included antitumor activity (objective response, progression-free survival, and overall survival), pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity. Forty-seven patients (median age 59 years; median of seven prior treatment regimens) were treated. The maximum tolerated dose was exceeded at 0.9 mg/kg with two patients experiencing dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of grade 3 liver function test (LFT) increases, one of whom also had grade 3 diarrhea, which resolved. Two additional patients reported DLTs of grade 3 LFT increases at lower doses (0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg). The most common (all grade) drug-related adverse events (AEs) were nausea (59.6%), fatigue (44.7%), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased (42.6%), and vomiting (38.3%). The most common grade 3/4 drug-related AE was AST increased (21.3%). Five patients had drug-related AEs leading to treatment discontinuation. In the as-treated population, there was one complete response (0.5 mg/kg; breast cancer), and two partial responses (0.6 and 0.75 mg/kg; breast cancer)-all had prior trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). MEDI4276 has demonstrable clinical activity but displays intolerable toxicity at doses >0.3 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Pegram
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Stanford, California.
| | - Erika P Hamilton
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Antoinette R Tan
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Anna Maria Storniolo
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kemal Balic
- AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Meina Liang
- AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, California
| | - Peng He
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Manish R Patel
- Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota, Florida
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Wang Q, Liang J, Hu X, Gu S, Xu Q, Yan J. Early B-cell factors involve in the tumorigenesis and predict the overall survival of gastric cancer. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228969. [PMID: 34100918 PMCID: PMC8239495 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a heavy health burden around the world, which is the fifth most frequent tumor and leads to the third most common cancer-related deaths. It is urgent to identify prognostic markers as the guideline for personalized treatment and follow-up. We accessed the prognostic value of Early B-cell factors (EBFs) in GC. A total of 415 GC tissues and 34 normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas Stomach Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-STAD) cohort, 616 external patients from GSE15459, GSE22377, GSE51105, GSE62245 were enrolled for analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to evaluate the sole and integrative prognostic value of EBFs, respectively. Genetic alterations, DNA methylation of EBFs were also evaluated, as well as the involved signaling pathways. We revealed that increased EBFs associated with the poor prognosis of GC patients, the prognostic model was established in TCGA-STAD cohort, and validated in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohorts, with effectiveness in both HER2 positive and negative patients. DNA methylation was involved in the impact on prognosis. Cell cycle, immune-associated, and MAPK pathways were influenced by EBFs. Anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy is more suitable for EBFs determining high-risk groups, but not anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. 5-Fluorouracil, methotrexate, vorinostat are suitable to inhibit the function of EBFs. Our new findings provide novel insight into the prediction of prognosis and clinical treatment of GC patients based on EBFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahong Liang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianyu Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Songgang Gu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiaodong Xu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Yan
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Correspondence: Jiang Yan ()
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Mendel D, Syed T, Lippman HR, Davis B. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) in Long-Standing Crohn's Disease on Anti-TNF Therapy. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 52:332-335. [PMID: 32592037 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Mendel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Taseen Syed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - H Robert Lippman
- Department of Pathology, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Brian Davis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
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Radziejewska I, Supruniuk K, Bielawska A. Anti-cancer effect of combined action of anti-MUC1 and rosmarinic acid in AGS gastric cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 902:174119. [PMID: 33930385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MUC1 seems to be promising target in cancer cells due to its abundant and specifically altered expression as well as differential distribution pattern relative to normal tissues. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural, polyphenolic compound with pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer. Herein, we aim to explore the effect of combined action of anti-MUC1 and RA on selected cancer-related factors in AGS gastric cancer cells. Cancer cells were treated with 100, 200 μM rosmarinic acid, 5 μg/ml anti-MUC1 and acid together with antibody. Western blotting, ELISA and RT-PCR were used to assess the expression of MUC1, selected sugar antigens, enzymes participating in protein glycosylation, Gal-3, p53, pro- and anti-apoptotic factors, and caspases-3,-8,-9 in cancer cells. MUC1 mRNA was significantly suppressed by combined action of anti-MUC1 and RA. Such treatment markedly inhibited expression of cancer-related Tn, T, sialyl Tn, sialyl T, and fucosylated sugar antigens as well as mRNA expression of enzymes participating in their formation: ppGalNAcT2, C1GalT1, ST6GalNAcT2, ST3GalT1 and FUT4. C1GalT1 was suppressed also on protein level. Gal-3, factor likely participating in metastasis, was significantly suppressed on mRNA level by RA administrated with anti-MUC1. Pro-apoptotic Bax protein and Bad mRNA were significantly induced, and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 mRNA expression was inhibited by such treatment. Combined action of mAb and RA markedly increased caspase-9 mRNA expression. Results of the study indicate that combined action of anti-MUC1 and RA is more effective than monotherapy in relation to examined cancer related factors. Such treatment can be considered as new, promising strategy in gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Radziejewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Supruniuk
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Kilińskiego 1, 15-089, Białystok, Poland
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Cheng N, Li P, Cheng H, Zhao X, Dong M, Zhang Y, Zhao P, Chen J, Shao C. Prognostic Value of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated and -Negative Gastric Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:692859. [PMID: 34276684 PMCID: PMC8281029 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.692859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are considered a manifestation of the host immune response against cancer and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) may contribute to lymphocytes recruitment. Both of them have been reported as potential prognostic parameters in some human malignancies. However, the roles of TILs, TLS, and their correlation in Epstein-Barr Virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) and EBV-negative gastric carcinoma (EBVnGC) are largely unknown. Methods To observe the correlation among TILs, TLS, and clinicopathological characteristics and their prognostic significance in EBVaGC and EBVnGC, respectively. TILs and TLS were assessed by morphology and/or immunohistochemistry, and accompanied by clinicopathological analysis from 846 gastric cancer patients in multiple institutions. Results Forty-two (5.0%) cases of EBVaGC and 804 cases of EBVnGC were identified by in situ hybridization, respectively. For EBVnGC, higher TILs grade was correlated with TLS-present. EBVnGC patients with high TILs grade and TLS-present exhibited survival benefits. TILs (P = 0.001) and TLS (P = 0.003), especially TILs & TLS (P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors in EBVnGC. A nomogram was constructed and validated for predicting the probability of overall survival and performed well with a good calibration. No significant prognostic value was detected in EBVaGC. Conclusion TILs and TLS, especially TILs & TLS were promising prognostic indicators for overall survival in EBVnGC. TILs and TLS were highly overlapping in their extent and prognostic abilities, and may be considered as a coindicator of prognosis of gastric cancer. The evaluations of TILs and TLS are simple and can be assessed routinely in pathological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology of Basic Medical Department, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huanhuan Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peizhen Zhao
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianning Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunkui Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Fokter Dovnik N, Smyth EC. Changes in the therapeutic landscape of oesophago-gastric cancers. Curr Opin Oncol 2021; 33:362-367. [PMID: 33720069 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews recent randomised clinical trials on systemic treatment of oesophago-gastric cancers in the perioperative and metastatic setting. RECENT FINDINGS Adding nivolumab to first-line chemotherapy improved survival in patients with metastatic gastric/gastro-oesophageal junction/oesophageal adenocarcinoma with PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) ≥ five in a global trial and progression-free survival in metastatic gastric/gastro-oesophageal junction cancers in an Asian trial. The addition of pembrolizumab to first-line chemotherapy improved survival in metastatic oesophageal cancer patients, with the most benefit in oesophageal squamous cancer and tumours with high PD-L1 expression (CPS ≥ 10). Adjuvant nivolumab improved disease-free survival (DFS) in resectable oesophageal cancer patients with residual pathologic disease after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. In human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive oesophago-gastric adenocarcinoma, a phase II trial showed improved DFS when pertuzumab and trastuzumab were added to perioperative FLOT (5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, oxaliplatin, docetaxel). Another phase II trial showed improved response rates and survival in pretreated metastatic HER2-positive gastric and gastrooesophageal junction cancer patients who received the antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan compared to physician's choice of chemotherapy. SUMMARY Chemo-immunotherapy combinations will become the new standard of care for some patients with metastatic oesophago-gastric cancers. Adjuvant nivolumab is a new option for oesophageal cancer patients with poor response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation.
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Shan Z, Chen J, Liu J, Zhang J, Wang T, Teng Y, Mao F, Cheng P, Zou Q, Zhou W, Peng L, Zhao Y, Zhuang Y. Activated neutrophils polarize protumorigenic interleukin-17A-producing T helper subsets through TNF-α-B7-H2-dependent pathway in human gastric cancer. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e484. [PMID: 34185422 PMCID: PMC8236123 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Neutrophils constitute massive cellular constituents in inflammatory human gastric cancer (GC) tissues, but their roles in pathogenesis of inflammatory T helper (Th) subsets are still unknown. METHODS Flow cytometry analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the responses and phenotypes of neutrophils in different samples from 51 patients with GC. Kaplan-Meier plots and Multivariate analysis for the survival of patients were used by log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models. Neutrophils and CD4+ T cells were purified and cultured for ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo regulation and function assays. RESULTS GC patients exhibited increased tumoral neutrophil infiltration with GC progression and poor patient prognosis. Intratumoral neutrophils accumulated in GC tumors via CXCL6/CXCL8-CXCR1-mediated chemotaxis, and expressed activated molecule CD54 and co-signaling molecule B7-H2. Neutrophils induced by tumors strongly expressed CD54 and B7-H2 in both dose- and time-dependent manners, and a close correlation was obtained between the expressions of CD54 and B7-H2 on intratumoral neutrophils. Tumor-derived tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) promoted neutrophil activation and neutrophil B7-H2 expression through ERK-NF-κB pathway, and a significant correlation was found between the levels of TNF-α and CD54+ or B7-H2+ neutrophils in tumor tissues. Tumor-infiltrating and tumor-conditioned neutrophils effectively induced IL-17A-producing Th subset polarization through a B7-H2-dependent manner ex vivo and these polarized IL-17A-producing Th cells exerted protumorigenic roles by promoting GC tumor cell proliferation via inflammatory molecule IL-17A in vitro, which promoted the progression of human GC in vivo; these effects could be reversed when IL-17A is blocked. Moreover, increased B7-H2+ neutrophils and IL-17A in tumors were closely related to advanced GC progression and predicted poor patient survival. CONCLUSION We illuminate novel underlying mechanisms that TNF-α-activated neutrophils link B7-H2 to protumorigenic IL-17A-producing Th subset polarization in human GC. Blocking this pathological TNF-α-B7-H2-IL-17A pathway may be useful therapeutic strategies for treating GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐guo Shan
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal SurgerySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal SurgerySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jin‐shan Liu
- Department of General SurgeryQijiang Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityQijiangChongqingChina
| | - Jin‐yu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological ProductsDepartment of Microbiology and Biochemical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ting‐ting Wang
- Chongqing Key Research Laboratory for Drug MetabolismDepartment of PharmacologyChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yong‐sheng Teng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological ProductsDepartment of Microbiology and Biochemical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Fang‐yuan Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological ProductsDepartment of Microbiology and Biochemical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ping Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological ProductsDepartment of Microbiology and Biochemical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Quan‐ming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological ProductsDepartment of Microbiology and Biochemical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wei‐ying Zhou
- Chongqing Key Research Laboratory for Drug MetabolismDepartment of PharmacologyChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Liu‐sheng Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological ProductsDepartment of Microbiology and Biochemical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yong‐liang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal SurgerySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological ProductsDepartment of Microbiology and Biochemical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Gastroenterology the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityJiangsuChina
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Ju Z, Yang J, Lu G, Li J, Wu Y, Wu X, Huang Y, Ai Y, Xiang D, Zeng B, Yang Z, Gong N. The impact of recent chemotherapy on immunity in 2 COVID-19 cases with gastrointestinal tumors: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26143. [PMID: 34032765 PMCID: PMC8154490 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly emerging infectious respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Currently, more than 100 million cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed worldwide, with over 2.4 million mortalities. The pandemic affects people of all ages but older individuals and those with severe chronic illnesses, including cancer patients, are at higher risk. PATIENT CONCERNS The impact of cancer treatment on the progression of COVID-19 is unclear. Therefore, we assessed the effects of chemotherapy on COVID-19 outcomes for 2 cancer patients. On January 24, 2020, a level I response to a major public health emergency was initiated in Hubei Province, China, which includes Enshi Autonomous Prefecture that has a population of 4.026 million people. As of April 30, 2020, 252 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 11 asymptomatic carriers were identified in Enshi. DIAGNOSIS Among the confirmed cases and asymptomatic carriers, 2 patients were identified who were previously diagnosed with malignant tumors, including one with hepatocellular carcinoma and the other with cardia carcinoma. INTERVENTIONS These 2 patients were receiving or just completed chemotherapy at the time of their COVID-19 diagnosis. OUTCOMES Both patients were followed and presented favorable outcomes. The positive outcomes for these 2 patients could be partially explained by their recent chemotherapy that impacted their immune status. Also, their relatively younger ages and lack of comorbidities were likely factors in their successful recovery from COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Anticancer treatment might enhance a patient's ability to respond favorably to COVID-19 infection. However, anticancer treatment is likely to impact immune function differently in different individuals, which can influence disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Ju
- The Enshi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The Health Committee
- The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Gang Lu
- The Enshi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The Health Committee
| | - Jian Li
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Yun Wu
- The Enshi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The Health Committee
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- The Enshi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The Health Committee
| | - Yanjie Huang
- Internal Department, People's Hospital of Lichuang
| | - Yi Ai
- Infectious Department, People's Hospital of Xianfeng, Enshi, China
| | - Dongfeng Xiang
- The Enshi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The Health Committee
| | - Bo Zeng
- The Enshi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The Health Committee
| | - Zuwang Yang
- The Enshi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The Health Committee
| | - Nianqiao Gong
- The Enshi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The Health Committee
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
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Yamaguchi K, Tsuchihashi K, Tsuji K, Kito Y, Tanoue K, Ohmura H, Ito M, Isobe T, Ariyama H, Kusaba H, Akashi K, Baba E. Prominent PD-L1-positive M2 macrophage infiltration in gastric cancer with hyper-progression after anti-PD-1 therapy: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25773. [PMID: 34106609 PMCID: PMC8133284 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Anti-PD-1 antibody is the standard therapy for treatment-resistant gastric cancer, but only a limited number of patients respond. Additionally, cases of hyper-progressive disease (HPD) in which tumor growth accelerates after anti-PD-1 antibody administration have been reported; however, the biological mechanism has not been elucidated. PATIENT CONCERNS In the present case, metastatic gastric cancer was treated with the anti-PD-1 antibody, nivolumab, as third-line treatment. DIAGNOSIS After the initiation of nivolumab therapy, a rapidly enlarging para-aortic lymph nodes were observed leading to the diagnosis of HPD. INTERVENTIONS Multiplex immunohistochemistry was used to examine immune cells infiltrating in the primary tumor and in liver metastasis which were obtained before nivolumab treatment, and in lymph node metastasis which presented with HPD after nivolumab therapy. OUTCOMES In the primary tumor, helper T (Th) cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), regulatory T (Treg) cells, and PD-L1-negative macrophages were observed. On the other hand, in metastatic lymph nodes presenting with HPD, PD-L1-positive macrophages prominently increased, while Treg cells, CTLs, and Th cells decreased. PD-L1 expression was not observed in gastric cancer cells among the three specimens. LESSONS The findings suggest the possibility that PD-L1-positive M2 macrophage might contribute to acceleration of tumor growth with anti-PD-1 therapy in the present case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | - Kenji Tsuchihashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | - Kunihiro Tsuji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Ishikawa
| | - Yosuke Kito
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Ishikawa
| | - Kenro Tanoue
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | - Hirofumi Ohmura
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | - Mamoru Ito
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | - Taichi Isobe
- Department of Oncology and Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ariyama
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | - Hitoshi Kusaba
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | - Eishi Baba
- Department of Oncology and Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Pereira MA, Batista DAM, Ramos MFKP, Cardili L, Ribeiro RRE, Dias AR, Zilberstein B, Ribeiro U, Cecconello I, Alves VAF, Mello ESD. Epstein-Barr Virus Positive Gastric Cancer: A Distinct Subtype Candidate for Immunotherapy. J Surg Res 2021; 261:130-138. [PMID: 33429221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive gastric cancer (GC) has been described as a distinct molecular subtype of the disease, especially associated with gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (GCLS). The possibility that EBV associated GC (EBVaGC) had better prognosis and may be susceptible to immunotherapy has increased the interest in this subtype. However, immune checkpoint and survival of EBVaGC are still controversial, especially with regard to GCLS and conventional gastric adenocarcinoma (CGA). This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics, immunohistochemical profiles and prognosis of EBVaGC according to the histological type GCLS and CGA. METHODS we retrospectively evaluated a series of EBVaGC who underwent gastrectomy with D2-lymphadenectomy. Biomarkers and tumor-infiltrating cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. PD-L1 was evaluated using a combined positive score (CPS). RESULTS From a total of 30 EBVaGC, 14 (46.7%) were identified as GCLS and 16 (53.3%) as CGA (9 Intestinal, 6 diffuse, 1 undetermined). There were no significant differences in age, sex, and pTNM between GCLS and CGA. CPS-positivity and high-CD8+ was significantly higher in GCLS compared with CGA (P = 0.007 and P = 0.005, respectively). Diffuse EBVaGC had worse survival than intestinal type (P = 0.020). There was no difference in survival between GCLS and intestinal CGA (P = 0.260). In multivariate analysis, CPS and pN status were related with survival in EBVaGC. CONCLUSIONS CGLS was associated with a predominance of CD8+ cell infiltration and PD-L1 expression. CPS and lymph node metastasis were independent factors associated with prognosis in EBVaGC. These results suggest that specifically EBV-positive GCLS may be prime candidates for PD-1 directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Alessandra Pereira
- Department of Pathology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Amadeus Molon Batista
- Department of Pathology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus Fernando Kodama Pertille Ramos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Cardili
- Department of Pathology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Ribeiro E Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre Roncon Dias
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Zilberstein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ulysses Ribeiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivan Cecconello
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Venâncio Avancini Ferreira Alves
- Department of Pathology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandro Sobroza de Mello
- Department of Pathology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Zhou S, Meng F, Du S, Qian H, Ding N, Sha H, Zhu M, Yu X, Wang L, Liu B, Wei J. Bifunctional iRGD-anti-CD3 enhances antitumor potency of T cells by facilitating tumor infiltration and T-cell activation. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001925. [PMID: 33986122 PMCID: PMC8126316 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor infiltration and limited activation of transferred T cells are fundamental factors impeding the development of adoptive cell immunotherapy in solid tumors. A tumor-penetrating peptide iRGD has been widely used to deliver drugs deep into tumor tissues. CD3-targeting bispecific antibodies represent a promising immunotherapy which recruits and activates T cells. METHODS T-cell penetration was demonstrated in tumor spheroids using confocal microscope, and in xenografted tumors by histology and in vivo real-time fluorescence imaging. Activation and cytotoxicity of T cells were assessed by flow cytometry and confocal microscope. Bioluminescence imaging was used to evaluate in vivo antitumor effects, and transmission electron microscopy was used for mechanistic studies. RESULTS We generated a novel bifunctional agent iRGD-anti-CD3 which could immobilize iRGD on the surface of T cells through CD3 engaging. We found that iRGD-anti-CD3 modification not only facilitated T-cell infiltration in 3D tumor spheroids and xenografted tumor nodules but also induced T-cell activation and cytotoxicity against target cancer cells. T cells modified with iRGD-anti-CD3 significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in several xenograft mouse models, which was further enhanced by the combination of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade. Mechanistic studies revealed that iRGD-anti-CD3 initiated a transport pathway called vesiculovacuolar organelles in the endothelial cytoplasm to promote T-cell extravasation. CONCLUSION Altogether, we show that iRGD-anti-CD3 modification is an innovative and bifunctional strategy to overcome major bottlenecks in adoptive cell therapy. Moreover, we demonstrate that combination with PD-1 blockade can further improve antitumor efficacy of iRGD-anti-CD3-modified T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- CD3 Complex/antagonists & inhibitors
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/transplantation
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Spheroids, Cellular
- Stomach Neoplasms/immunology
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Stomach Neoplasms/therapy
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Zhou
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fanyan Meng
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyao Du
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanqing Qian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Naiqing Ding
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huizi Sha
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Wei
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Tang C, Lei X, Xiong L, Hu Z, Tang B. HMGA1B/2 transcriptionally activated-POU1F1 facilitates gastric carcinoma metastasis via CXCL12/CXCR4 axis-mediated macrophage polarization. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:422. [PMID: 33927188 PMCID: PMC8084942 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment contribute to poor prognosis in gastric cancer (GC). However, the underlying mechanism by which TAMs promote GC progression and metastasis remains elusive. Expression of POU1F1 was detected in 60 matched GC-normal tissue pairs using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. The correlation between POU1F1 and the clinical-pathological factors of GC patients were further assessed. Cell proliferation was monitored by CCK-8, colony formation, and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assays. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by transwell assays. The impact on angiogenesis was evaluated by tube formation assay. Xenograft model was generated to investigate the role of POU1F1 on tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. GST pull-down and Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) were used to study the interaction between HMGA1B/2 and POU1F1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate the transcriptional regulation of POU1F1. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the surface expression of macrophage markers. Upregulated POU1F1 observed both in GC tissues and cell lines was positively correlated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of POU1F1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. HMGA1B/2 transcriptionally activated-POU1F1. POU1F1 promoted GC progression via regulating macrophage proliferation, migration, polarization, and angiogenesis in a CXCL12/CXCR4-dependent manner. POU1F1 also promoted GC metastasis in lung by modulating macrophage polarization through CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in vivo. HMGA1B/2-upregulated POU1F1 promoted GC metastasis via regulating macrophage polarization in a CXCL12/CXCR4-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tang
- General surgery department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China.
| | - Xiong Lei
- General surgery department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Lingqiang Xiong
- General surgery department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhigao Hu
- General surgery department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- General surgery department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
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Yang Z, Yan C, Liu W, Xu W, Li C, Yan M, Liu B, Zhu Z. Identification of novel autoantibodies in ascites of relapsed paclitaxel-resistant gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis using immunome protein microarrays and proteomics. Cancer Biomark 2021; 31:329-338. [PMID: 33896831 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) patients with peritoneal metastasis usually have extremely poor prognosis. Intraperitoneal infusion of paclitaxel (PTX) provides an effective treatment, but relapse and PTX-resistance are unavoidable disadvantages, and it is difficult to monitor the occurrence of PTX-resistance. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore novel autoantibodies in the ascites of individuals with relapsed PTX-resistant GC with peritoneal metastasis. METHODS Ascites samples were collected before PTX infusion and after the relapse in 3 GC patients. To determine the expression of significantly changed proteins, we performed autoantibody profiling with immunome protein microarrays and tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics, and then, the overlapping proteins were selected. RESULTS Thirty-eight autoantibodies that were differentially expressed between the ascites in the untreated group and relapsed PTX-resistant group were identified. For confirmation of the results, TMT quantitative proteomics was performed, and 842 dysregulated proteins were identified. Four proteins, TPM3, EFHD2, KRT19 and vimentin, overlapped between these two assays. CONCLUSIONS Our results first revealed that TPM3, EFHD2, KRT19 and vimentin were novel autoantibodies in the ascites of relapsed PTX-resistant GC patients. These autoantibodies may be used as potential biomarkers to monitor the occurrence of PTX-resistance.
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Kelly RJ, Ajani JA, Kuzdzal J, Zander T, Van Cutsem E, Piessen G, Mendez G, Feliciano J, Motoyama S, Lièvre A, Uronis H, Elimova E, Grootscholten C, Geboes K, Zafar S, Snow S, Ko AH, Feeney K, Schenker M, Kocon P, Zhang J, Zhu L, Lei M, Singh P, Kondo K, Cleary JM, Moehler M. Adjuvant Nivolumab in Resected Esophageal or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:1191-1203. [PMID: 33789008 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2032125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 704] [Impact Index Per Article: 234.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No adjuvant treatment has been established for patients who remain at high risk for recurrence after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery for esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer. METHODS We conducted CheckMate 577, a global, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial to evaluate a checkpoint inhibitor as adjuvant therapy in patients with esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer. Adults with resected (R0) stage II or III esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer who had received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and had residual pathological disease were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive nivolumab (at a dose of 240 mg every 2 weeks for 16 weeks, followed by nivolumab at a dose of 480 mg every 4 weeks) or matching placebo. The maximum duration of the trial intervention period was 1 year. The primary end point was disease-free survival. RESULTS The median follow-up was 24.4 months. Among the 532 patients who received nivolumab, the median disease-free survival was 22.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.6 to 34.0), as compared with 11.0 months (95% CI, 8.3 to 14.3) among the 262 patients who received placebo (hazard ratio for disease recurrence or death, 0.69; 96.4% CI, 0.56 to 0.86; P<0.001). Disease-free survival favored nivolumab across multiple prespecified subgroups. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events that were considered by the investigators to be related to the active drug or placebo occurred in 71 of 532 patients (13%) in the nivolumab group and 15 of 260 patients (6%) in the placebo group. The trial regimen was discontinued because of adverse events related to the active drug or placebo in 9% of the patients in the nivolumab group and 3% of those in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer who had received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, disease-free survival was significantly longer among those who received nivolumab adjuvant therapy than among those who received placebo. (Funded by Bristol Myers Squibb and Ono Pharmaceutical; CheckMate 577 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02743494.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan J Kelly
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Jaroslaw Kuzdzal
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Thomas Zander
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Eric Van Cutsem
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Guillaume Piessen
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Guillermo Mendez
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Josephine Feliciano
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Satoru Motoyama
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Astrid Lièvre
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Hope Uronis
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Elena Elimova
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Cecile Grootscholten
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Karen Geboes
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Syed Zafar
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Stephanie Snow
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Andrew H Ko
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Kynan Feeney
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Michael Schenker
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Piotr Kocon
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Jenny Zhang
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Lili Zhu
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Ming Lei
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Prianka Singh
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Kaoru Kondo
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - James M Cleary
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
| | - Markus Moehler
- From the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (R.J.K.), and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.A.A.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (J.K., P.K.); the University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne (T.Z.), and University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (M.M.) - both in Germany; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven (E.V.C.), and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent (K.G.) - both in Belgium; University Lille, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille (G.P.), and Pontchaillou University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rennes 1, INSERM Unité 1242, Rennes (A.L.) - both in France; Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires (G.M.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.F.); Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan (S.M.); Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (H.U.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (E.E.), and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS (S.S.) - both in Canada; the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam (C.G.); Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers (S.Z.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (A.H.K.); St. John of God Murdoch Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia (K.F.); Sfantul Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania (M.S.); Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (J.Z., L.Z., M.L., P.S., K.K.); and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (J.M.C.)
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Mansuri N, Birkman EM, Heuser VD, Lintunen M, Ålgars A, Sundström J, Ristamäki R, Lehtinen L, Carpén O. Association of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes with intestinal-type gastric cancer molecular subtypes and outcome. Virchows Arch 2021; 478:707-717. [PMID: 32954467 PMCID: PMC7990841 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While host immune response is likely to be important for the prognosis of gastric cancer patients, detailed information on the T lymphocyte infiltration in different gastric cancer subtypes is lacking. Here, we studied the presence of CD3, CD8, and FOXP3 (Forkhead box p3) expressing T lymphocytes in a retrospective cohort of 190 intestinal gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas. The cancers represented four distinct molecular subtypes: Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV+), mismatch-repair-deficient (MMR-D), aberrant TP53, and the "other" subtype. The absolute numbers of CD3+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ T lymphocytes were analyzed in relation with these molecular subtypes and selected clinicopathological parameters. Overall, there was a large variation in the amount of infiltrating T lymphocyte in all molecular subtypes. Among the subtypes, EBV+ cancers differed from the other subtypes in increased lymphocyte infiltration and high CD8+/FOXP3+ ratio. While the TP53 aberrant subtype did not differ in the absolute amount of T lymphocyte, the ratio of CD8+/FOXP3+ and CD3+/FOXP3+ cells was highest in this subtype, possibly reflecting immunosuppression associated with genomic instability. Increased CD3+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltrates were associated with better survival, and remained as independent prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis. This study is the first to investigate lymphocytic infiltration within four molecular subtypes of intestinal-type gastric cancer in a European cohort. The results provide an important addition to the current knowledge of T lymphocyte-dependent immune response in gastric cancer and its prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naziha Mansuri
- Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu, 10 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Eva-Maria Birkman
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu, 10 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Vanina D Heuser
- Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu, 10 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Minnamaija Lintunen
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu, 10 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Annika Ålgars
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Sundström
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu, 10 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Raija Ristamäki
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Lehtinen
- Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu, 10 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Carpén
- Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu, 10 20520, Turku, Finland
- Medicum Research Program in Systems Oncology and HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Li H, Zhao C, Zhao H, Liu G, Mao H, Liu Y. Elevated linc00936 or silenced microRNA-425-3p inhibits immune escape of gastric cancer cells via elevation of ZC3H12A. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107559. [PMID: 33756228 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor originated from gastric mucosa. Without effective therapy, this study was to investigate the mechanism of long intergenic noncoding RNA 00936 (linc00936)/microRNA-425-3p (miR-425-3p)/monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein 1 (ZC3H12A) axis mediating immune escape of GC cells. METHODS Peripheral blood samples, GC tissues and adjacent tissues were collected. The levels of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ in peripheral blood were detected. The expression levels of linc00936, miR-425-3p and ZC3H12A in GC tissues and cells were detected. The correlation between the expression of linc00936 in the tissues and the levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ in the peripheral blood of GC patients was analyzed. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells were induced, and co-incubated with GC cells. BGC-823 and MKN-45 cells were screened and transfected with linc00936- or miR-425-3p-related oligonucleotides to figure out their roles in immune escape, migration, apoptosis and the cytotoxicity of CIK cells in GC cells. RESULTS Elevated miR-425-3p and reduced linc00936, and ZC3H12A expression levels were found in GC tissues and cells. Linc00936 expression was positively correlated with CD3+ and CD4+, and negatively correlated with CD8+ in peripheral blood of patients with GC. Up-regulating linc00936 or down-regulating miR-425-3p inhibited immune escape, migration, promoted apoptosis of GC cells, as well induced CIK cell cytotoxicity to GC cells. Down-regulated linc00936 or elevated miR-425-3p facilitated immune escape, migration, depressed apoptosis of GC cells, and reduced the cytotoxicity of CIK cells to GC cells. CONCLUSION The study concludes that up-regulated linc00936 or silenced miR-425-3p inhibits immune escape of GC cells via elevation of ZC3H12A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chunlin Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hongchao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Haoxun Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yanfen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Biological Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
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Jin YY, Yang WZ, Sun ZY, Wang ZB, Chen J, Wu CT, Yang ZY. NK cells adjuvant therapy shows survival benefits in a gastric mixed signet ring cell carcinoma patient: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24979. [PMID: 33725867 PMCID: PMC7969222 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Advanced signet ring cell (SRC) carcinoma has a worse prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis and prevention is particularly important; SRC tumors have lower R0 resection rate and are thought to be less chemosensitive than non-SRCC. Consequently, a novel postoperative adjuvant treatment is urgently needed to improve clinical outcomes. PATIENT CONCERNS A 41-year-old female with advanced gastric SRC carcinoma was treated with radical gastrectomy and oxaliplatin-based regimen for 6 cycles after surgery. She was suspected of recurrence with the high level of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 72-4. DIAGNOSES The gastroscopy revealed SRC carcinoma of gastric antrum and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in some areas. The diagnosis of postoperative pathology report was gastric cancer with stage III C (T4a, N3a, M0). INTERVENTIONS The level of CA72-4 rapidly increased during the 2 follow-up after the completion of conventional treatment, ex vivo-cultured allogeneic natural killer (NK) cell infusion was offered to prevent recurrence. OUTCOMES Intravenous injections of NK cells combination with surgical treatment and chemotherapy showed therapeutic effects in this patient with possible relapse. The patient remained disease-free 46 months after the infusion of NK cells until the latest follow-up. LESSONS CA72-4 appeared to be the most sensitive and specific marker in the gastric cancer patient, and the high level of CA72-4 may indicate the risk of recurrence. This case report provide rationale for NK cell infusion following the rapid increase of CA72-4 to prevent recurrence.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/blood
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/immunology
- Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/therapy
- Combined Modality Therapy/methods
- Female
- Gastrectomy
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/transplantation
- Neoplasm Staging
- Postoperative Care/methods
- Prognosis
- Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Stomach Neoplasms/immunology
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Stomach Neoplasms/therapy
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Wen-Zhuo Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou
| | - Zheng-Yang Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Zhong-Bo Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong
| | - Chun-Tao Wu
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhao-Yong Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
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Ou J, Lei P, Yang Z, Yang M, Luo L, Mo H, Luo G, He J. LINC00152 mediates CD8 + T-cell infiltration in gastric cancer through binding to EZH2 and regulating the CXCL9, 10/CXCR3 axis. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:611-620. [PMID: 33709190 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to annotate the role of long intergenic non-coding RNA 152 (LINC00152) in CD8+ T cells mediated immune responses in gastric cancer (GC) and the underlying mechanism. LINC00152 expression levels were detected through RT-PCR. For tumor engraftment, HGC-27 cells that received LINC00152 shRNA, LINC00152 overexpression vectors, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) shRNA or combination transfection were injected into mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to explore the interaction between LINC00152, Cys-X-cys ligand 9 (CXCL9) and Cys-X-cys ligand 10 (CXCL10). Flow cytometry was adopted to measure the CD8+ T-cell infiltration in tumor issue. In this study, we found increased LINC00152 expression levels are positively associated with the poor prognosis of GC patients and negatively associated with the CD8 levels. ChIP assay verified that LINC00152 recruits EZH2 to the promoters of CXCL9 and CXCL10, thus the silencing of LINC00152 promoted the production of CXCL9 and CXCL10. Knockdown of LINC00152 suppressed tumor cells growth in vivo and in vitro, increased tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells numbers and promoted the expression of CXCL9, CXCL10 and C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 3 (CXCR3) in xenograft tumors. While CD8+ T cell depletion reversed the tumor suppression effect of LINC00152 silence. Besides, the silencing of EZH2 partly inhibited the promotion effect LINC00152 on tumor growth. Our study indicated that LINC00152 inhibition suppressed the tumor progress may through promoting CD8+ T-cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqing Ou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Songgang People's Hospital of Baoan, Shajiang Road NO.2, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Pingguang Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Songgang People's Hospital of Baoan, Shajiang Road NO.2, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Zhenling Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Songgang People's Hospital of Baoan, Shajiang Road NO.2, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Man Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Songgang People's Hospital of Baoan, Shajiang Road NO.2, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Lingmin Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Songgang People's Hospital of Baoan, Shajiang Road NO.2, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Hongdan Mo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Songgang People's Hospital of Baoan, Shajiang Road NO.2, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Guijin Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Songgang People's Hospital of Baoan, Shajiang Road NO.2, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Junhui He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Songgang People's Hospital of Baoan, Shajiang Road NO.2, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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Badr MT, Omar M, Häcker G. Comprehensive Integration of Genome-Wide Association and Gene Expression Studies Reveals Novel Gene Signatures and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:624117. [PMID: 33717131 PMCID: PMC7945594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human gastric mucosa and can lead to gastric inflammation, ulcers, and stomach cancer. Due to the increase in H. pylori antimicrobial resistance new methods to identify the molecular mechanisms of H. pylori-induced pathology are urgently needed. Here we utilized a computational biology approach, harnessing genome-wide association and gene expression studies to identify genes and pathways determining disease development. We mined gene expression data related to H. pylori-infection and its complications from publicly available databases to identify four human datasets as discovery datasets and used two different multi-cohort analysis pipelines to define a H. pylori-induced gene signature. An initial Helicobacter-signature was curated using the MetaIntegrator pipeline and validated in cell line model datasets. With this approach we identified cell line models that best match gene regulation in human pathology. A second analysis pipeline through NetworkAnalyst was used to refine our initial signature. This approach defined a 55-gene signature that is stably deregulated in disease conditions. The 55-gene signature was validated in datasets from human gastric adenocarcinomas and could separate tumor from normal tissue. As only a small number of H. pylori patients develop cancer, this gene-signature must interact with other host and environmental factors to initiate tumorigenesis. We tested for possible interactions between our curated gene signature and host genomic background mutations and polymorphisms by integrating genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and known oncogenes. We analyzed public databases to identify genes harboring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with gastric pathologies and driver genes in gastric cancers. Using this approach, we identified 37 genes from GWA studies and 61 oncogenes, which were used with our 55-gene signature to map gene-gene interaction networks. In conclusion, our analysis defines a unique gene signature driven by H. pylori-infection at early phases and that remains relevant through different stages of pathology up to gastric cancer, a stage where H. pylori itself is rarely detectable. Furthermore, this signature elucidates many factors of host gene and pathway regulation in infection and can be used as a target for drug repurposing and testing of infection models suitability to investigate human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tarek Badr
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- IMM-PACT-Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Omar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Georg Häcker
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Ulase D, Behrens HM, Krüger S, Zeissig S, Röcken C. Gastric Carcinomas with Stromal B7-H3 Expression Have Lower Intratumoural CD8+ T Cell Density. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042129. [PMID: 33669921 PMCID: PMC7924590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are the main effector cells of anti-cancer immune response that can be regulated by various costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules, including members of the B7 family. B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3) appears as a promising marker for immunotherapy; however, its significance in gastric cancer (GC) is unclear yet. We evaluated the spatial distribution of CD8+ T cells in relation to the expression of B7-H3 by double immunohistochemical staining. The level of B7-H3 intensity was scored manually (0–3) and dichotomized into B7-H3-low and B7-H3-high groups. The distribution and density of CD8+ T cells was analysed using whole slide digital imaging. B7-H3 was expressed mainly in the stromal compartment of GC (n = 73, 76% of all cases). Tumours with high expression of B7-H3 showed larger spatial differences of CD8+ T cells (86.4/mm2 in tumour centre vs. 414.9/mm2 in invasive front) when compared to B7-H3-low group (157.7/mm2 vs. 218.7/mm2, respectively) (p < 0.001). This study provides insight into the expression pattern of B7-H3 in GC of Western origin. In GCs with higher level of B7-H3 expression, CD8+ T cells were spatially suppressed in the tumour centre suggesting that B7-H3 might be involved in tumour escape mechanisms from the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dita Ulase
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (D.U.); (H.-M.B.); (S.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Hans-Michael Behrens
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (D.U.); (H.-M.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Sandra Krüger
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (D.U.); (H.-M.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Sebastian Zeissig
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Dresden, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (D.U.); (H.-M.B.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-50015501
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50
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Catanese S, Lordick F. Targeted and immunotherapy in the era of personalised gastric cancer treatment. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2021; 50-51:101738. [PMID: 33975679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2021.101738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Advances in targeted medical treatment were scarce in the past and challenged by the marked spatial and temporal biological heterogeneity of gastric cancer. Recent molecular profiling studies have increased our understanding of genetic and epigenetic drivers, leading to better patient selection for drug development. Beyond that, immune-related biomarkers were identified, paving the way for future effective immunotherapy. We systematically reviewed articles from PubMed of the past 10 years, and abstracts from annual meetings of ESMO, ASCO and AACR to summarise the current knowledge about targeted and immunotherapy and outline pathways to future personalised therapy of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Catanese
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Florian Lordick
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, and Infectious Diseases, University Cancer Centre Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.
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