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Wang R, Yang JF, Senay TE, Liu W, You J. Characterization of the Impact of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus-Induced Interferon Signaling on Viral Infection. J Virol 2023; 97:e0190722. [PMID: 36946735 PMCID: PMC10134799 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01907-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) has been associated with approximately 80% of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), an aggressive and increasingly incident skin cancer. The link between host innate immunity, viral load control, and carcinogenesis has been established but poorly characterized. We previously established the importance of the STING and NF-κB pathways in the host innate immune response to viral infection. In this study, we further discovered that MCPyV infection of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) induces the expression of type I and III interferons (IFNs), which in turn stimulate robust expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Blocking type I IFN downstream signaling using an IFN-β antibody, JAK inhibitors, and CRISPR knockout of the receptor dramatically repressed MCPyV infection-induced ISG expression but did not significantly restore viral replication activities. These findings suggest that IFN-mediated induction of ISGs in response to MCPyV infection is not crucial to viral control. Instead, we found that type I IFN exerts a more direct effect on MCPyV infection postentry by repressing early viral transcription. We further demonstrated that growth factors normally upregulated in wounded or UV-irradiated human skin can significantly stimulate MCPyV gene expression and replication. Together, these data suggest that in healthy individuals, host antiviral responses, such as IFN production induced by viral activity, may restrict viral propagation to reduce MCPyV burden. Meanwhile, growth factors induced by skin abrasion or UV irradiation may stimulate infected dermal fibroblasts to promote MCPyV propagation. A delicate balance of these mutually antagonizing factors provides a mechanism to support persistent MCPyV infection. IMPORTANCE Merkel cell carcinoma is an aggressive skin cancer that is particularly lethal to immunocompromised individuals. Though rare, MCC incidence has increased significantly in recent years. There are no lasting and effective treatments for metastatic disease, highlighting the need for additional treatment and prevention strategies. By investigating how the host innate immune system interfaces with Merkel cell polyomavirus, the etiological agent of most of these cancers, our studies identified key factors necessary for viral control, as well as conditions that support viral propagation. These studies provide new insights for understanding how the virus balances the effects of the host immune defenses and of growth factor stimulation to achieve persistent infection. Since virus-positive MCC requires the expression of viral oncogenes to survive, our observation that type I IFN can repress viral oncogene transcription indicates that these cytokines could be explored as a viable therapeutic option for treating patients with virus-positive MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - June F. Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Taylor E. Senay
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jianxin You
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Rahimi Z, Yaghobi R, Afshari A, Roozbeh J, Mokhtari MJ, Hosseini AM. The effect of BKV reactivation on cytokines behavior in kidney transplanted patients. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:20. [PMID: 34996392 PMCID: PMC8739991 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BK virus associated nephropathy (BKVAN) is one of the common causes of graft loss among kidney transplanted recipients (KTRs). The current treatment for BKV nephropathy is decreasing the immunosuppressive regimen in KTRs. Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a multifunctional cytokine that might be the front-runner of an important pathway in this regard. Therefore, in current study it is tried to evaluate the changes in the expression level of IL-27 and some related molecules, resulting from BKV reactivation in KTR patients. METHODS EDTA-treated blood samples were collected from all participants. Patients were divided into two groups, 31 kidney transplant recipients with active and 32 inactive BKV infection, after being monitored by Real time PCR (Taq-Man) in plasma. Total of 30 normal individuals were considered as healthy control group. Real time PCR (SYBR Green) technique is used to determine the expression level of studied genes. RESULTS The results of gene expression comparisons showed that the expression level of IL-27, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNFR2 and IRF7 genes was significantly higher in inactive group in comparison to active group. The expression level of TLR4 was lower in both active and inactive groups in comparison to control group. ROC curve analysis showed that IL-27 and IRF7 are significantly different amongst other studied genes. Finally, the analyses revealed that the expression level of most of the studied genes (except for TNF-α and TLR4) have significant correlation with viral load. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that IL-27, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNFR2 and IRF7 expression level is higher in inactive group and TLR4 expression level is lower in patients' groups in comparison to control group. Also, ROC curve analysis showed IL-27 and IRF7 can significantly differentiate studied groups (BKV active vs. inactive). Therefore, these results might help elucidating the pattern in charge of BKV reactivation in kidney transplanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rahimi
- Department of Biology, Zarghan branch, Islamic Azad University, Zarghan, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afsoon Afshari
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Jamshid Roozbeh
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Malek Hosseini
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Chen S, Lai H, Zhao J, Chen B, Li Y, Li Y, Li Q, Zheng Q, Huang S, Zhu X. The viral expression and immune status in human cancers and insights into novel biomarkers of immunotherapy. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1183. [PMID: 34740324 PMCID: PMC8571886 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral infections are prevalent in human cancers and they have great diagnostic and theranostic values in clinical practice. Recently, their potential of shaping the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has been related to the immunotherapy of human cancers. However, the landscape of viral expressions and immune status in human cancers remains incompletely understood. METHODS We developed a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based pipeline to detect viral sequences from the whole transcriptome and used machine learning algorithms to classify different TIME subtypes. RESULTS We revealed a pan-cancer landscape of viral expressions in human cancers where 9 types of viruses were detected in 744 tumors of 25 cancer types. Viral infections showed different tissue tendencies and expression levels. Multi-omics analyses further revealed their distinct impacts on genomic, transcriptomic and immune responses. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) and Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-infected head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) showed decreased genomic variations, significantly altered gene expressions, and effectively triggered anti-viral immune responses. We identified three TIME subtypes, in which the "Immune-Stimulation" subtype might be the promising candidate for immunotherapy. EBV-infected STAD and HPV-infected HNSC showed a higher frequency of the "Immune-Stimulation" subtype. Finally, we constructed the eVIIS pipeline to simultaneously evaluate viral infection and immune status in external datasets. CONCLUSIONS Viral infections are prevalent in human cancers and have distinct influences on hosts. EBV and HPV infections combined with the TIME subtype could be promising biomarkers of immunotherapy in STAD and HNSC, respectively. The eVIIS pipeline could be a practical tool to facilitate clinical practice and relevant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Lai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiupeng Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Ryabchenko B, Soldatova I, Šroller V, Forstová J, Huérfano S. Immune sensing of mouse polyomavirus DNA by p204 and cGAS DNA sensors. FEBS J 2021; 288:5964-5985. [PMID: 33969628 PMCID: PMC8596513 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which DNA viruses interact with different DNA sensors and their connection with the activation of interferon (IFN) type I pathway are poorly understood. We investigated the roles of protein 204 (p204) and cyclic guanosine-adenosine synthetase (cGAS) sensors during infection with mouse polyomavirus (MPyV). The phosphorylation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and the stimulator of IFN genes (STING) proteins and the upregulation of IFN beta (IFN-β) and MX Dynamin Like GTPase 1 (MX-1) genes were detected at the time of replication of MPyV genomes in the nucleus. STING knockout abolished the IFN response. Infection with a mutant virus that exhibits defective nuclear entry via nucleopores and that accumulates in the cytoplasm confirmed that replication of viral genomes in the nucleus is required for IFN induction. The importance of both DNA sensors, p204 and cGAS, in MPyV-induced IFN response was demonstrated by downregulation of the IFN pathway observed in p204-knockdown and cGAS-knockout cells. Confocal microscopy revealed the colocalization of p204 with MPyV genomes in the nucleus. cGAS was found in the cytoplasm, colocalizing with viral DNA leaked from the nucleus and with DNA within micronucleus-like bodies, but also with the MPyV genomes in the nucleus. However, 2'3'-Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthesized by cGAS was detected exclusively in the cytoplasm. Biochemical assays revealed no evidence of functional interaction between cGAS and p204 in the nucleus. Our results provide evidence for the complex interactions of MPyV and DNA sensors including the sensing of viral genomes in the nucleus by p204 and of leaked viral DNA and micronucleus-like bodies in the cytoplasm by cGAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Ryabchenko
- Department of Genetics and MicrobiologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityBiocevCzech Republic
| | - Irina Soldatova
- Department of Genetics and MicrobiologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityBiocevCzech Republic
| | - Vojtech Šroller
- Department of Genetics and MicrobiologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityBiocevCzech Republic
| | - Jitka Forstová
- Department of Genetics and MicrobiologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityBiocevCzech Republic
| | - Sandra Huérfano
- Department of Genetics and MicrobiologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityBiocevCzech Republic
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Krump NA, Wang R, Liu W, Yang JF, Ma T, You J. Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection Induces an Antiviral Innate Immune Response in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. J Virol 2021; 95:e0221120. [PMID: 33883226 PMCID: PMC8437356 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02211-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) infects most of the human population asymptomatically, but in rare cases it leads to a highly aggressive skin cancer called Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). MCC incidence is much higher in aging and immunocompromised populations. The epidemiology of MCC suggests that dysbiosis between the host immune response and the MCPyV infectious cycle could contribute to the development of MCPyV-associated MCC. Insufficient restriction of MCPyV by normal cellular processes, for example, could promote the incidental oncogenic MCPyV integration events and/or entry into the original cell of MCC. Progress toward understanding MCPyV biology has been hindered by its narrow cellular tropism. Our discovery that primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) support MCPyV infection has made it possible to closely model cellular responses to different stages of the infectious cycle. The present study reveals that the onset of MCPyV replication and early gene expression induces an inflammatory cytokine and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) response. The cGAS-STING pathway, in coordination with NF-κB, mediates induction of this innate immune gene expression program. Further, silencing of cGAS or NF-κB pathway factors led to elevated MCPyV replication. We also discovered that the PYHIN protein IFI16 localizes to MCPyV replication centers but does not contribute to the induction of ISGs. Instead, IFI16 upregulates inflammatory cytokines in response to MCPyV infection by an alternative mechanism. The work described herein establishes a foundation for exploring how changes to the skin microenvironment induced by aging or immunodeficiency might alter the fate of MCPyV and its host cell to encourage carcinogenesis. IMPORTANCE MCC has a high rate of mortality and an increasing incidence. Immune-checkpoint therapies have improved the prognosis of patients with metastatic MCC. Still, a significant proportion of the patients fail to respond to immune-checkpoint therapies or have a medical need for iatrogenic immune-suppression. A greater understanding of MCPyV biology could inform targeted therapies for MCPyV-associated MCC. Moreover, cellular events preceding MCC oncogenesis remain largely unknown. The present study aims to explore how MCPyV interfaces with innate immunity during its infectious cycle. We describe how MCPyV replication and/or transcription elicit an innate immune response via cGAS-STING, NF-κB, and IFI16. We also explore the effects of this response on MCPyV replication. Our findings illustrate how healthy cellular conditions may allow low-level infection that evades immune destruction until highly active replication is restricted by host responses. Conversely, pathological conditions could result in unbridled MCPyV replication that licenses MCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Krump
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ranran Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - June F. Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tongcui Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jianxin You
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Meier RP, Muller YD, Dietrich PY, Tille JC, Nikolaev S, Sartori A, Labidi-Galy I, Ernandez T, Kaur A, Hirsch HH, McKee TA, Toso C, Villard J, Berney T. Immunologic Clearance of a BK Virus-associated Metastatic Renal Allograft Carcinoma. Transplantation 2021; 105:423-429. [PMID: 32091486 PMCID: PMC7837753 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic carcinoma of a renal allograft is a rare but life threatening event with a difficult clinical management. Recent reports suggested a potential role of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) in the development of urologic tract malignancies in kidney transplant recipients. METHODS We investigated a kidney-pancreas female recipient with an history of BKPyV nephritis who developed a rapidly progressive and widely metastatic donor-derived renal carcinoma 9 years after transplantation. RESULTS Histology and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed a donor-derived (XY tumor cells) collecting (Bellini) duct carcinoma. The presence of BKPyV oncogenic large tumor antigen was identified in large amount within the kidney tumor and the bowel metastases. Whole genome sequencing of the tumor confirmed multiple genome BKPyV integrations. The transplanted kidney was removed, immunosuppression was withdrawn, and recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) was administered for 3 months, inducing a complete tumor clearance, with no evidence of disease at 6-year follow-up. The immunological profiling during IL-2 therapy revealed the presence of donor-specific T cells and expanded cytokine-producing bright natural killer cells but no donor-specific antibodies. Finally, we found persistently elevated anti-BK virus IgG titers and a specific anti-BKPyV T cell response. CONCLUSIONS This investigation showed evidence for the potential oncogenic role of BKPyV in collecting duct carcinoma in renal allografts and demonstrated that immunosuppression withdrawal and IL-2 therapy can lead to an efficient antitumor cellular mediated rejection possibly via 3 distinct mechanisms including (1) host-versus-graft, (2) host-versus-tumor, and (3) anti-BKPyV responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael P.H. Meier
- Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yannick D. Muller
- Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Immunology and Transplant Unit, Department Diagnostic, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Dietrich
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Tille
- Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sergey Nikolaev
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ambra Sartori
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Intidhar Labidi-Galy
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Ernandez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Transplantation and Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans H. Hirsch
- Transplantation and Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A. McKee
- Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean Villard
- Immunology and Transplant Unit, Department Diagnostic, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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Díaz-Cao JM, Prieto A, López-Lorenzo G, López-Novo C, Iglesias A, Díaz P, Panadero R, López CM, Morrondo P, Díez-Baños P, Fernández G. Epidemiological study of the association between bovine gammaherpesvirus type 4 and reproductive disease in dairy cattle from northwestern Spain. Vet Microbiol 2020; 251:108888. [PMID: 33120087 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) has controversially been related with cattle reproductive disease. In the present study we analyze the relationship between exposure to BoHV-4 and reproductive performance in dairy cattle from northwestern Spain. A total of 2022 sera from 50 farms were examined to detect anti-BoHV-4 antibodies. Herd and individual reproductive records were collected to analyze association with exposure to BoHV-4. In addition, 52 abortion cases were examined to detect BoHV-4 DNA. An individual seroprevalence of 66.6 % and a herd prevalence of 98 % were found. Exposure to BoHV-4 increased with age, particularly in individuals between 26-36 months old (OR = 2.7; CI 95 %: 1.2-5.0, compared to animals < 26 months). Seroprevalence was not associated with herd fertility and herd abortion rate, but seropositive animals between 26-36 months presented prolonged calving to fertilizing insemination intervals (HR: 1.4; CI 95 %: 1.2-2.0) as well as higher odds of an unsuccessful 1st insemination (OR: 2.5; CI 95 %: 1.2-5.0). In abortion cases, BoHV-4 DNA was found in 12 vaginal swabs from 5 farms but not in any fetal tissue. Our results reveal an endemic, high and widespread exposure to BoHV-4 among dairy cattle from NW Spain with a limited impact in the reproductive performance of herds. The significantly worse reproductive performance of seropositive animals of 26-36 months of age may be the consequence of the establishment of primo-infections when moving heifers to lactation lots. Our findings may be useful to understand the potential population impact of BoHV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Díaz-Cao
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Alberto Prieto
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo López-Lorenzo
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Cynthia López-Novo
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Antonio Iglesias
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Pablo Díaz
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Rosario Panadero
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Ceferino M López
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Patrocinio Morrondo
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Pablo Díez-Baños
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Fernández
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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8
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David P, Drabczyk-Pluta M, Pastille E, Knuschke T, Werner T, Honke N, Megger DA, Akhmetzyanova I, Shaabani N, Eyking-Singer A, Cario E, Kershaw O, Gruber AD, Tenbusch M, Dietze KK, Trilling M, Liu J, Schadendorf D, Streeck H, Lang KS, Xie Y, Zimmer L, Sitek B, Paschen A, Westendorf AM, Dittmer U, Zelinskyy G. Combination immunotherapy with anti-PD-L1 antibody and depletion of regulatory T cells during acute viral infections results in improved virus control but lethal immunopathology. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008340. [PMID: 32226027 PMCID: PMC7105110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination immunotherapy (CIT) is currently applied as a treatment for different cancers and is proposed as a cure strategy for chronic viral infections. Whether such therapies are efficient during an acute infection remains elusive. To address this, inhibitory receptors were blocked and regulatory T cells depleted in acutely Friend retrovirus-infected mice. CIT resulted in a dramatic expansion of cytotoxic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and a subsequent reduction in viral loads. Despite limited viral replication, mice developed fatal immunopathology after CIT. The pathology was most severe in the gastrointestinal tract and was mediated by granzyme B producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. A similar post-CIT pathology during acute Influenza virus infection of mice was observed, which could be prevented by vaccination. Melanoma patients who developed immune-related adverse events under immune checkpoint CIT also presented with expanded granzyme-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations. Our data suggest that acute infections may induce immunopathology in patients treated with CIT, and that effective measures for infection prevention should be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul David
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Eva Pastille
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Torben Knuschke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tanja Werner
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nadine Honke
- Department of Rheumatology, Hiller Research Center Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominik A. Megger
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ilseyar Akhmetzyanova
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Namir Shaabani
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annette Eyking-Singer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elke Cario
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Olivia Kershaw
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D. Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kirsten K. Dietze
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital of Tonji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Streeck
- Institute for HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl S. Lang
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Lab of Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisa Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Annette Paschen
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid M. Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gennadiy Zelinskyy
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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9
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Ricci C, Righi A, Ambrosi F, Gibertoni D, Maletta F, Uccella S, Sessa F, Asioli S, Pellilli M, Maragliano R, La Rosa S, Papotti MG, Asioli S. Prognostic Impact of MCPyV and TIL Subtyping in Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Evidence from a Large European Cohort of 95 Patients. Endocr Pathol 2020; 31:21-32. [PMID: 31808008 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-019-09601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare (∼ 2000 cases/year in the USA) but aggressive neuroendocrine neoplasm of the skin. In 2008, the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) was found to be clonally integrated in approximately 80% of Merkel cell carcinomas. The remaining 20% have large numbers of UV-associated mutations. Importantly, both the UV-induced neoantigens in virus-negative Merkel cell carcinoma and the Merkel cell polyomavirus oncogenes that are required for virus-positive tumor growth are highly immunogenic. Indeed, antigen-specific T cells detected in patients are frequently "dysfunctional/exhausted," and the inhibitory ligand PD-L1 is often expressed by Merkel cell carcinoma cells. These data led to point our attention on the quantity and the quality of the immune response in Merkel cell carcinoma. Here, we found CD8+ lymphocytes are the only singly evaluated lymphocyte subclass that strongly influenced overall survival and disease-specific survival in Merkel cell carcinoma. In addition, we highlighted as Merkel cell polyomavirus is a strong prognostic factor and as it prompts a host immune response involving various lymphocyte subclasses (CD3, CD8, FoxP3, and PD-L1 positive) in MCC. For this reason, we proposed a novel eye-based "immunoscore" model, obtained by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes subtyping (CD3, CD8, FoxP3, and PD-L1) that could provide additional prognostic information in Merkel cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ricci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology "M. Malpighi", Bellaria Hospital, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Righi
- Department of Pathology, Rizzoli Institute, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Ambrosi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology "M. Malpighi", Bellaria Hospital, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Gibertoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Unit of Hygiene and Biostatistics, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Maletta
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at Città della Salute Hospital, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - S Uccella
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - F Sessa
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - S Asioli
- Department of Pathology, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, 47121, Forlì, Italy
| | - M Pellilli
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - R Maragliano
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - S La Rosa
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M G Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at Città della Salute Hospital, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - S Asioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology "M. Malpighi", Bellaria Hospital, 40139, Bologna, Italy.
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10
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Garofalo M, Pisani F, Lai Q, Montali F, Nudo F, Gaeta A, Russo G, Natilli A, Poli L, Martinelli C, Binda B, Pretagostini R. Viremia Negativization After BK Virus Infection in Kidney Transplantation: A National Bicentric Study. Transplant Proc 2020; 51:2936-2938. [PMID: 31711578 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BK virus (BKV) infection represents a potentially dreadful complication after kidney transplantation (KT). When BK viremia is detected, the best therapeutic approach remains not entirely clarified. Critical elements of BK viremia treatment are immunosuppression minimization and introduction of drugs like leflunomide, everolimus, and fluoroquinolones. The study aimed to analyze the results of the BK viremia management in 2 collaborative Italian centers. METHODS Ten patients undergoing KT in the 2 collaborative Italian centers of Sapienza University of Rome and University of L'Aquila from January 2013 to December 2017 and showing a post-KT diagnosis of BK viremia were retrospectively investigated. RESULTS Mean time from KT to BKV positivity was 7 months (range: 1-19 months). At diagnosis, the mean viral load was 683,842 copies/mL (range: 5800-4,052,415 copies/mL), with an average zenith of 2,428,410 copies/mL (range: 6762-18,022,500 copies/mL). In the 5 patients with BKV nephropathy, we observed a switch from antimetabolite to leflunomide (n = 5), a switch from tacrolimus to everolimus (n = 3), or an introduction of fluoroquinolones (n = 3). BKV clearance was achieved in 3 patients. CONCLUSIONS Early BKV diagnosis and stepwise minimization of immunosuppression remain the first-line approach in patients with BK viremia. In the presence of BKV nephropathy, a combination of antiviral drugs like leflunomide and fluoroquinolones/everolimus should favor viremia clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Garofalo
- Department of General Surgery "P. Stefanini," Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pisani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Quirino Lai
- Department of General Surgery "P. Stefanini," Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Montali
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Nudo
- Department of General Surgery "P. Stefanini," Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurelia Gaeta
- Department of General Surgery "P. Stefanini," Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Russo
- Department of General Surgery "P. Stefanini," Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Natilli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Luca Poli
- Department of General Surgery "P. Stefanini," Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Martinelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Barbara Binda
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Renzo Pretagostini
- Department of General Surgery "P. Stefanini," Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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11
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Li P, Cheng D, Wen J, Ni X, Li X, Xie K, Chen J. The immunophenotyping of different stages of BK virus allograft nephropathy. Ren Fail 2019; 41:855-861. [PMID: 31535918 PMCID: PMC6758702 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2019.1617168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the immunohistochemical features of different stages of BK virus allograft nephropathy (BKVN) and further elucidate the underlying immunological mechanism involved in the evolution of BKVN. Methods: Fifty-two renal transplant recipients with biopsy proven BKVN were retrospectively selected. According to the third edition of the American Society of Transplantation Infection guidelines, 10 patients were categorized as having mild BKVN (stage A), 25 were moderate (stage B) and 17 were severe (stage C). The differential infiltrations of CD3+ (T lymphocytes), CD4+ (helper T lymphocytes), CD8+ (cytotoxic T lymphocytes), CD20+ (B lymphocytes), CD68+ (macrophages) and CD138+ (plasma cells) cells and the expression of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) and human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) were compared among the three groups. Results: CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, CD138+ and CD68+ cells infiltrations, IL-2R and HLA-DR expression were positive in the BKVN patients. Moreover, with increasing stages of BKVN, the numbers of positively stained inflammatory cells and the expression of IL-2R were significantly increased in the severe group compared to the mild group, whereas no statistically significant differences were observed with regard to HLA-DR expression. Eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration could also be observed in moderate to advanced BKVN. Conclusion: Renal allograft damage caused by BKVN involved T lymphocyte-, B lymphocyte- and mononuclear macrophage-mediated immune responses. Inflammatory cell infiltrations in the renal allograft were probably the driving force for BKVN progression. Additionally, eosinophils and neutrophils may be involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of BKVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongrui Cheng
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiqiu Wen
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefeng Ni
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kenan Xie
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinsong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Singh GB, Byun H, Ali AF, Medina F, Wylie D, Shivram H, Nash AK, Lozano MM, Dudley JP. A Protein Antagonist of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Encoded by a Complex Mouse Retrovirus. mBio 2019; 10:e01678-19. [PMID: 31409681 PMCID: PMC6692512 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01678-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex human-pathogenic retroviruses cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide, but resist antiviral drugs and vaccine development due to evasion of the immune response. A complex retrovirus, mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), requires replication in B and T lymphocytes for mammary gland transmission and is antagonized by the innate immune restriction factor murine Apobec3 (mA3). To determine whether the regulatory/accessory protein Rem affects innate responses to MMTV, a splice-donor mutant (MMTV-SD) lacking Rem expression was injected into BALB/c mice. Mammary tumors induced by MMTV-SD had a lower proviral load, lower incidence, and longer latency than mammary tumors induced by wild-type MMTV (MMTV-WT). MMTV-SD proviruses had many G-to-A mutations on the proviral plus strand, but also C-to-T transitions within WRC motifs. Similarly, a lymphomagenic MMTV variant lacking Rem expression showed decreased proviral loads and increased WRC motif mutations relative to those in wild-type-virus-induced tumors, consistent with activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) mutagenesis in lymphoid cells. These mutations are typical of the Apobec family member AID, a B-cell-specific mutagenic protein involved in antibody variable region hypermutation. In contrast, mutations in WRC motifs and proviral loads were similar in MMTV-WT and MMTV-SD proviruses from tumors in AID-insufficient mice. AID was not packaged in MMTV virions. Rem coexpression in transfection experiments led to AID proteasomal degradation. Our data suggest that rem specifies a human-pathogenic immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vif-like protein that inhibits AID and antagonizes innate immunity during MMTV replication in lymphocytes.IMPORTANCE Complex retroviruses, such as human-pathogenic immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), cause many human deaths. These retroviruses produce lifelong infections through viral proteins that interfere with host immunity. The complex retrovirus mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) allows for studies of host-pathogen interactions not possible in humans. A mutation preventing expression of the MMTV Rem protein in two different MMTV strains decreased proviral loads in tumors and increased viral genome mutations typical of an evolutionarily ancient enzyme, AID. Although the presence of AID generally improves antibody-based immunity, it may contribute to human cancer progression. We observed that coexpression of MMTV Rem and AID led to AID destruction. Our results suggest that Rem is the first known protein inhibitor of AID and that further experiments could lead to new disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurvani B Singh
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Hyewon Byun
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Almas F Ali
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Frank Medina
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Dennis Wylie
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and Center for Biomedical Research Support, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Haridha Shivram
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Andrea K Nash
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mary M Lozano
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jaquelin P Dudley
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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13
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Siddiqui W, Al Lawati S, Shaheen Faissal AM, Hannawi S, Al Riyami M, Al Salmi I. Acute kidney injury due to sucrose-containing intravenous immunoglobulins. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2019. [PMID: 31249243 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.261361.pmid:] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) are pooled polyvalent immunoglobulin G antibodies extracted from the human plasma. Stabilizers in IVIG may include sugars, such as sucrose, glucose, or maltose. Sucrose in IVIG preparations may cause acute kidney injury (AKI). We report the case of a renal transplant patient who developed AKI due to sucrose nephropathy following the administration of sucrose-containing IVIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Siddiqui
- Department of Renal Medicine, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sadiq Al Lawati
- Department of Renal Medicine, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Suad Hannawi
- Department of Medicine, MOHAP, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marwa Al Riyami
- Department of Histopathology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Issa Al Salmi
- Department of Renal Medicine, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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14
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Siddiqui W, Al Lawati S, Shaheen Faissal AM, Hannawi S, Al Riyami M, Al Salmi I. Acute kidney injury due to sucrose-containing intravenous immunoglobulins. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2019; 30:732-737. [PMID: 31249243 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.261361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) are pooled polyvalent immunoglobulin G antibodies extracted from the human plasma. Stabilizers in IVIG may include sugars, such as sucrose, glucose, or maltose. Sucrose in IVIG preparations may cause acute kidney injury (AKI). We report the case of a renal transplant patient who developed AKI due to sucrose nephropathy following the administration of sucrose-containing IVIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Siddiqui
- Department of Renal Medicine, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sadiq Al Lawati
- Department of Renal Medicine, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Suad Hannawi
- Department of Medicine, MOHAP, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marwa Al Riyami
- Department of Histopathology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Issa Al Salmi
- Department of Renal Medicine, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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15
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Toptan T, Brusadelli MG, Turpin B, Witte DP, Surrallés J, Velleuer E, Schramm M, Dietrich R, Brakenhoff RH, Moore PS, Chang Y, Wells SI. Limited detection of human polyomaviruses in Fanconi anemia related squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209235. [PMID: 30589865 PMCID: PMC6307729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia is a rare genome instability disorder with extreme susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and anogenital tract. In patients with this inherited disorder, the risk of head and neck cancer is 800-fold higher than in the general population, a finding which might suggest a viral etiology. Here, we analyzed the possible contribution of human polyomaviruses to FA-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by a pan-polyomavirus immunohistochemistry test which detects the T antigens of all known human polyomaviruses. We observed weak reactivity in 17% of the HNSCC samples suggesting that based on classical criteria, human polyomaviruses are not causally related to squamous cell carcinomas analyzed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuna Toptan
- University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marion G. Brusadelli
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brian Turpin
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David P. Witte
- Division of Pathology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jordi Surrallés
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Genetics Department and Biomedical Research Institute of Hospital de les Santes Creus i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eunike Velleuer
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Neuwerk Maria von den Aposteln, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Martin Schramm
- Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Dietrich
- Deutsche Fanconi-Anämie-Hilfe e.V., Unna-Siddinghausen, Germany
| | - Ruud H. Brakenhoff
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick S. Moore
- University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yuan Chang
- University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Miller NJ, Church CD, Fling SP, Kulikauskas R, Ramchurren N, Shinohara MM, Kluger HM, Bhatia S, Lundgren L, Cheever MA, Topalian SL, Nghiem P. Merkel cell polyomavirus-specific immune responses in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma receiving anti-PD-1 therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:131. [PMID: 30482247 PMCID: PMC6258401 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer that frequently responds to anti-PD-1 therapy. MCC is associated with sun exposure and, in 80% of cases, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). MCPyV-specific T and B cell responses provide a unique opportunity to study cancer-specific immunity throughout PD-1 blockade therapy. METHODS Immune responses were assessed in patients (n = 26) with advanced MCC receiving pembrolizumab. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected at baseline and throughout treatment. MCPyV-oncoprotein antibodies were quantified and T cells were assessed for MCPyV-specificity via tetramer staining and/or cytokine secretion. Pre-treatment tumor biopsies were analyzed for T cell receptor clonality. RESULTS MCPyV oncoprotein antibodies were detectable in 15 of 17 (88%) of virus-positive MCC (VP-MCC) patients. Antibodies decreased in 10 of 11 (91%) patients with responding tumors. Virus-specific T cells decreased over time in patients who had a complete response, and increased in patients who had persistent disease. Tumors that were MCPyV(+) had a strikingly more clonal (less diverse) intratumoral TCR repertoire than virus-negative tumors (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Cancer-specific T and B cell responses generally track with disease burden during PD-1 blockade, in proportion to presence of antigen. Intratumoral TCR clonality was significantly greater in VP-MCC than VN-MCC tumors, suggesting expansion of a limited number of dominant clones in response to fewer immunogenic MCPyV antigens. In contrast, VN-MCC tumors had lower clonality, suggesting a diverse T cell response to numerous neoantigens. These findings reveal differences in tumor-specific immunity for VP-MCC and VN-MCC, both of which often respond to anti-PD-1 therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/etiology
- Humans
- Immunomodulation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Merkel cell polyomavirus/immunology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Polyomavirus Infections/complications
- Polyomavirus Infections/immunology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity/genetics
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Virus Infections/complications
- Tumor Virus Infections/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Dermatology and Medical Oncology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Candice D. Church
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Dermatology and Medical Oncology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Steven P. Fling
- Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Rima Kulikauskas
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Dermatology and Medical Oncology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Nirasha Ramchurren
- Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Michi M. Shinohara
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Dermatology and Medical Oncology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Harriet M. Kluger
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Shailender Bhatia
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Dermatology and Medical Oncology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Lisa Lundgren
- Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Martin A. Cheever
- Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Suzanne L. Topalian
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Paul Nghiem
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Dermatology and Medical Oncology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
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17
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Akhbari P, Tobin D, Poterlowicz K, Roberts W, Boyne JR. MCV-miR-M1 Targets the Host-Cell Immune Response Resulting in the Attenuation of Neutrophil Chemotaxis. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2343-2354. [PMID: 29777657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Virus-encoded microRNAs are emerging as key regulators of persistent infection and host-cell immune evasion. Merkel cell polyomavirus, the predominant etiological agent of Merkel cell carcinoma, encodes a single microRNA, MCV-miR-M1, which targets the oncogenic Merkel cell polyomavirus large T antigen. MCV-miR-M1 has previously been shown to play an important role in the establishment of long-term infection, however, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. A key unanswered question is whether, in addition to autoregulating large T antigen, MCV-miR-M1 also targets cellular transcripts to orchestrate an environment conducive to persistent infection. To address this, we adopted an RNA sequencing-based approach to identify cellular targets of MCV-miR-M1. Intriguingly, bioinformatics analysis of transcripts that are differentially expressed in cells expressing MCV-miR-M1 revealed several genes implicated in immune evasion. Subsequent target validation led to the identification of the innate immunity protein, SP100, as a direct target of MCV-miR-M1. Moreover, MCV-miR-M1-mediated modulation of SP100 was associated with a significant decrease in CXCL8 secretion, resulting in the attenuation of neutrophil chemotaxis toward Merkel cells harboring synthetic Merkel cell polyomavirus. Based on these observations, we propose that MCV-miR-M1 targets key immune response regulators to help facilitate persistent infection, which is a prerequisite for cellular transformation in Merkel cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Akhbari
- Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Desmond Tobin
- Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Krzysztof Poterlowicz
- Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Wayne Roberts
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK; School of Clinical and Applied Science, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - James R Boyne
- Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
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Abstract
It is estimated that 60-70% of cancers associated with infectious agents are linked to viral infections. Both RNA and DNA viruses that can establish persistent infection exploit various mechanisms including host cell immortalization through genomic instability, chronic inflammation and immune escape, to promote oncogenic transformation of human cells. Expression of selected viral proteins in malignant cells provides a unique opportunity to employ targeted therapies that can disrupt the cellular proliferation and prevent collateral damage caused by standard clinical therapies. While vaccination can be used to prevent infection before malignant transformation, immune-based therapies based on adoptive transfer of T cells and/or antibodies have emerged as powerful tools for the treatment of virus-associated cancers. Here we discuss recent advances and future prospects of immune-based therapies for virus-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Smith
- QIMR Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
| | - Rajiv Khanna
- QIMR Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
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Jha A, Ahmed W, Pakkyara A, Shaheen F, Al Salmi I. Elimination of BK viremia in renal transplant recipients by optimization of immunosuppressive medications without precipitating acute rejection. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2018; 29:1073-1081. [PMID: 30381503 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.243976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BK Polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) has been recognized as an increasing threat in renal transplant patients (RTP) for more than a decade. Reduction in immunosuppression is the mainstay of treatment through various options of treatment has been suggested. Published reports on these protocols have shown mixed results, and no randomized controlled trials have compared one strategy with another. In this context, we hypothesize that the appearance of BKV in the blood compels one to optimize the immunosuppression with possible long-term beneficial effects. We conducted a retrospective study among the RTP being followed up by the Renal Medicine Department at Royal Hospital who tested positive for BKV-polymerase chain reaction and whose immunosuppression was altered with a final aim to get rid of BK viremia, yet avoiding acute rejection. Results were analyzed by the clinical and statistical approach. Extensive literature review was carried out to look into the prevalence, prognosis, and treatment of BKVAN. In all the patients in whom BKV was detected alteration in immunosuppression resulted in eliminating the virus without precipitating acute rejection. The study shows that in the exercise of eliminating BKV by alteration of immunosuppression, we have "tailored" the immunosuppression in each particular RTPs, without precipitating acute rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabh Jha
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Wasim Ahmed
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Faisal Shaheen
- Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Issa Al Salmi
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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Shen Y, Wang S, Sun F, Zheng G, Wu T, Du Y, Zhang S, Qian J, Sun R. Inhibition of murine herpesvirus-68 replication by IFN-gamma in macrophages is counteracted by the induction of SOCS1 expression. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007202. [PMID: 30075008 PMCID: PMC6093694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) is known to negatively regulate murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV-68 or γHV-68) replication. This process involves the suppression of the viral gene replication and transcription activator (RTA) promoter, as well as activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT1). Notably, this effect is gradually attenuated during MHV-68 infection of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), which raised the possibility that the virus may utilize a mechanism that counteracts the antiviral effect of IFN-γ. By identifying the cellular factors that negatively regulate JAK-STAT1 signaling, we revealed that the infection of BMMs by MHV-68 induces the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and that depletion of SOCS1 restores the inhibitory effect of IFN-γ on virus replication. Moreover, we demonstrated that the expression of SOCS1 was induced as a result of the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) mediated activation of the NF-κB signaling cascade. In conclusion, we report that TLR3-TRAF-NF-κB signaling pathway play a role in the induction of SOCS1 that counteracts the antiviral effect of IFN-γ during MHV-68 infection. This process is cell type-specific: it is functional in macrophages, but not in epithelial cells or fibroblasts. Our study reveals a mechanism that balances the immune responses and the escape of a gamma-herpesvirus in some antigen-presenting cells. While viruses have developed various mechanisms to evade immune responses, hosts also have mechanisms to negatively regulate the antiviral signaling pathways to minimize potential damage. In this study, we show that MHV-68, a gamma-herpesvirus, is able to stimulate macrophages to produce the cellular protein SOCS1, which reduces the antiviral effect initiated by IFN-γ, in a cell type specific manner. These findings provide one more example to support the concept that viruses utilize SOCS1 as an immune evasion mechanism. We also show that TLR3-NF-κB signaling is responsible for the induced production of SOCS1. Our finding that TLR3/NF-κB/SOCS1 impedes the action of IFN-γ/STAT1 on RTA might offer a reasonable explanation of how virus-host interaction achieves a balance to facilitate intra-host spreading and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shen
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Center of Infection and Immunity, ZJU-UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Saisai Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Center of Infection and Immunity, ZJU-UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Center of Infection and Immunity, ZJU-UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Center of Infection and Immunity, ZJU-UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yushen Du
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Center of Infection and Immunity, ZJU-UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Suzhan Zhang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jing Qian
- Research Center of Infection and Immunity, ZJU-UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (JQ); (RS)
| | - Ren Sun
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Center of Infection and Immunity, ZJU-UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JQ); (RS)
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21
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Motte J, Kneiphof J, Straßburger-Krogias K, Klasing A, Adams O, Haghikia A, Gold R. Detection of JC virus archetype in cerebrospinal fluid in a MS patient with dimethylfumarate treatment without lymphopenia or signs of PML. J Neurol 2018; 265:1880-1882. [PMID: 29948248 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a 76-year-old MS patient, treated with DMF for 3 years. Lymphocytes never showed values below 1240/µl. CSF analysis revealed 1,988,880 copies/ml of JCV-DNA, JCV-DNA was detectable in serum and anti-JCV-antibody in CSF and serum were highly positive. Stratify®-JCV-test was positive. CD8-positive T-lymphocytes were reduced. Therapy with mefloquine, mirtazapine and cidofovir resulted in complete elimination of the virus in serum and 90% reduction of viral load in CSF. This case shows that despite careful monitoring for lymphopenia JCV spreading to the CSF may occur during treatment with DMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremias Motte
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Janina Kneiphof
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Straßburger-Krogias
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anja Klasing
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ortwin Adams
- Institute for Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Aiden Haghikia
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany.
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22
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Dharmadhikari B, Nickles E, Harfuddin Z, Ishak NDB, Zeng Q, Bertoletti A, Schwarz H. CD137L dendritic cells induce potent response against cancer-associated viruses and polarize human CD8 + T cells to Tc1 phenotype. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:893-905. [PMID: 29508025 PMCID: PMC11028277 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic tumor vaccination based on dendritic cells (DC) is safe; however, its efficacy is low. Among the reasons for only a subset of patients benefitting from DC-based immunotherapy is an insufficient potency of in vitro generated classical DCs (cDCs), made by treating monocytes with GM-CSF + IL-4 + maturation factors. Recent studies demonstrated that CD137L (4-1BBL, TNFSF9) signaling differentiates human monocytes to a highly potent novel type of DC (CD137L-DCs) which have an inflammatory phenotype and are closely related to in vivo DCs. Here, we show that CD137L-DCs induce potent CD8+ T-cell responses against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV), and that T cells primed by CD137L-DCs more effectively lyse EBV+ and HBV+ target cells. The chemokine profile of CD137L-DCs identifies them as inflammatory DCs, and they polarize CD8+ T cells to a Tc1 phenotype. Expression of exhaustion markers is reduced on T cells activated by CD137L-DCs. Furthermore, these T cells are metabolically more active and have a higher capacity to utilize glucose. CD137L-induced monocyte to DC differentiation leads to the formation of AIM2 inflammasome, with IL-1beta contributing to CD137L-DCs possessing a stronger T cell activation ability. CD137L-DCs are effective in crosspresentation. PGE2 as a maturation factor is required for enhancing migration of CD137L-DCs but does not significantly reduce their potency. This study shows that CD137L-DCs have a superior ability to activate T cells and to induce potent Tc1 responses against the cancer-causing viruses EBV and HBV which suggest CD137L-DCs as promising candidates for DC-based tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan Dharmadhikari
- Department of Physiology and Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Medical Dr., Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Emily Nickles
- Department of Physiology and Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Medical Dr., Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Zulkarnain Harfuddin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Medical Dr., Singapore, 117593, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Nur Diana Binte Ishak
- Department of Physiology and Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Medical Dr., Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Qun Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Medical Dr., Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | | | - Herbert Schwarz
- Department of Physiology and Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Medical Dr., Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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23
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Peretti A, Geoghegan EM, Pastrana DV, Smola S, Feld P, Sauter M, Lohse S, Ramesh M, Lim ES, Wang D, Borgogna C, FitzGerald PC, Bliskovsky V, Starrett GJ, Law EK, Harris RS, Killian JK, Zhu J, Pineda M, Meltzer PS, Boldorini R, Gariglio M, Buck CB. Characterization of BK Polyomaviruses from Kidney Transplant Recipients Suggests a Role for APOBEC3 in Driving In-Host Virus Evolution. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 23:628-635.e7. [PMID: 29746834 PMCID: PMC5953553 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BK polyomavirus (BKV) frequently causes nephropathy (BKVN) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). BKV has also been implicated in the etiology of bladder and kidney cancers. We characterized BKV variants from two KTRs who developed BKVN followed by renal carcinoma. Both patients showed a swarm of BKV sequence variants encoding non-silent mutations in surface loops of the viral major capsid protein. The temporal appearance and disappearance of these mutations highlights the intra-patient evolution of BKV. Some of the observed mutations conferred resistance to antibody-mediated neutralization. The mutations also modified the spectrum of receptor glycans engaged by BKV during host cell entry. Intriguingly, all observed mutations were consistent with DNA damage caused by antiviral APOBEC3 cytosine deaminases. Moreover, APOBEC3 expression was evident upon immunohistochemical analysis of renal biopsies from KTRs. These results provide a snapshot of in-host BKV evolution and suggest that APOBEC3 may drive BKV mutagenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Peretti
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eileen M Geoghegan
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Diana V Pastrana
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sigrun Smola
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany
| | - Pascal Feld
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany
| | - Marlies Sauter
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany
| | - Stefan Lohse
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany
| | - Mayur Ramesh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Efrem S Lim
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David Wang
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cinzia Borgogna
- Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Novara Medical School, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Peter C FitzGerald
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Valery Bliskovsky
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gabriel J Starrett
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Masonic Cancer Center, Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Emily K Law
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Masonic Cancer Center, Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Reuben S Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Masonic Cancer Center, Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - J Keith Killian
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jack Zhu
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marbin Pineda
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul S Meltzer
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Pathology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Novara Medical School, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Marisa Gariglio
- Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Novara Medical School, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Christopher B Buck
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Naranjo-Gomez M, Lambour J, Piechaczyk M, Pelegrin M. Neutrophils are essential for induction of vaccine-like effects by antiviral monoclonal antibody immunotherapies. JCI Insight 2018; 3:97339. [PMID: 29720574 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a mouse retroviral model, we have shown that mAb-based immunotherapy can induce life-long endogenous protective immunity (vaccine-like effects). This observation has potentially important consequences for treating life-threatening human viral infections. Here, we investigated the role of neutrophils in this effect. Neutrophils are innate immunity effector cells with well-established microbe-killing activities that are rapidly mobilized upon infection. They are also emerging as orchestrators of innate and adaptive immunities. However, their immunomodulatory activity during antiviral mAb immunotherapies has never been studied. Our data reveal that neutrophils have an essential role in immunotherapy-induced immune protection of infected mice. Unexpectedly, neutrophils have a limited effect in controlling viral propagation upon passive immunotherapy administration, which is mostly mediated by NK cells. Instead, neutrophils operate as essential inducers of a potent host humoral antiviral response. Thus, neutrophils play an unexpected key role in protective immunity induction by antiviral mAbs. Our work opens approaches to improve antiviral immunotherapies, as it suggests that preserving neutrophil functions and counts might be required for achieving mAb-induced protective immunity.
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25
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Colunga A, Pulliam T, Nghiem P. Merkel Cell Carcinoma in the Age of Immunotherapy: Facts and Hopes. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2035-2043. [PMID: 29217527 PMCID: PMC5932211 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare (∼2,000 U.S. cases/year) but aggressive neuroendocrine tumor of the skin. For advanced MCC, cytotoxic chemotherapy only infrequently (<10% of cases) offers durable clinical responses (>1 year), suggesting a great need for improved therapeutic options. In 2008, the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) was discovered and is clonally integrated in approximately 80% of MCC tumors. The remaining 20% of MCC tumors have large numbers of UV-associated mutations. Importantly, both the UV-induced neoantigens in virus-negative tumors and the MCPyV T antigen oncogenes that are required for virus-positive tumor growth are immunogenic. Indeed, antigen-specific T cells detected in patients are frequently dysfunctional/"exhausted," and the inhibitory ligand, PD-L1, is often present in MCC tumors. These findings led to recent clinical trials involving PD-1 pathway blockade in advanced MCC. The combined data from these trials involving three PD-1 pathway blocking agents-avelumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab-indicated a high frequency of durable responses in treated patients. Of note, prior treatment with chemotherapy was associated with decreased response rates to PD-1 checkpoint blockade. Over the past year, these striking data led to major changes in advanced MCC therapy, including the first-ever FDA drug approval for this disease. Despite these successes, approximately 50% of patients with MCC do not persistently benefit from PD-1 pathway blockade, underscoring the need for novel strategies to broaden antitumor immune responses in these patients. Here, we highlight recent progress in MCC including the underlying mechanisms of immune evasion and emerging approaches to augment the efficacy of PD-1 pathway blockade. Clin Cancer Res; 24(9); 2035-43. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aric Colunga
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas Pulliam
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paul Nghiem
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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26
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Pillai R, Balaram P, Nair MK. Role of Immune Response in the Prognosis of Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: Can in Vitro Analysis Provide a better Framework for more Effective Management? Tumori 2018; 78:87-93. [PMID: 1326142 DOI: 10.1177/030089169207800205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer of the uterine cervix is the single largest female malignancy in India and also remains a major problem facing oncologists in other parts of the world. While advances in radiation therapy and surgical techniques have made the treatment of cervical carcinoma impressive, limitations to successful management still remain. In fact, the 5-year survival rate, stage for stage, has not improved in the United States or world wide in the past 40 years. With an estimated half a million women developing this disease annually, this lack of improved survival poses an international unresolved health problem. Immune response has been shown to be a major factor involved In the course of the disease for this cancer. Immunologic monitoring was also shown to be of effective value in assessing the prognosis for cervical carcinoma. We studied the various immunologic abnormalities in cervical cancer, the effects of radiation therapy on immune function, prospects of an immunologic staging system, the relationship between human papillomavirus infection and the Immune response, and the possibility of using in vitro Immunologic assessment to provide a better framework for more effective management of cancer of the uterine cervix.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pillai
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India
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D'Andrea E, De Rossi A, Chieco-Bianchi L. Resistance to Moloney Murine Sarcoma Virus (M-MuSV) Tumor Induction is Associated with Natural Antibody Production to «Endogenous» Moloney Leukemia Virus (M-MuLV) in Balb/Mo Mice. Tumori 2018; 67:511-20. [PMID: 6278685 DOI: 10.1177/030089168106700601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BALB/Mo mice are characterized by early expression of « endogenized » M-MuLV and are resistant to M-MuSV tumor induction. Furthermore, compared to normal BALB/c mice, sera from BALB/Mo mice exhibit a significant reactivity which is specific for M-MuLV when tested in a 125I-labelled Staphylococcus protein A binding assay. The possible significance of this reactivity in conferring tumor resistance is explored.
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Barberis MC, Vago L, Cecchini G, Bramerio M, Banfi G, D'Amico M, Cannone M. Local Impairment of Immunoreactivity in Hiv-infected Women with Hpv-related Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix. Tumori 2018; 84:489-92. [PMID: 9825002 DOI: 10.1177/030089169808400410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background The aim of this study was to compare the local immune response in two groups of patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial squamous lesions (SIL): one with HIV infection and the other with HPV infection alone. Materials and methods 16 conization specimens (8 from HIV-infected and 8 from non-HIV-infected patients) of HPV-related, high-grade SIL were selected. The specimens from non-HIV patients were considered as controls. The total number of Langerhans cells, CD4 and CD8 cells present in 10 field areas (3.120 mm2) was recorded in each case. In HIV patients CD4 and CD8 peripheral counts were performed immediately before surgery. Results The CD4/CD8 ratio never exceeded 0.71, whereas the lowest ratio in controls was 0.81: this difference was statistically significant (P=0.0009). The mean number of Langerhans cells was markedly reduced in the high-grade SILs in the HIV patients in comparison with controls (P=0.001). The number of CD4 cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio correlated with the peripheral CD4 count (P=0.001 and 0.02). Conclusions In our study a marked local impairment of cervical immunoreactivity was observed, which may play a major role in the progression of these lesions in HIV-infected women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Barberis
- Diagnostic Laboratories, E. Bernardelli Foundation, Paderno Dugnano, Milan, Italy
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Moore TC, Messer RJ, Hasenkrug KJ. Regulatory T cells suppress virus-specific antibody responses to Friend retrovirus infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195402. [PMID: 29614127 PMCID: PMC5882174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent vaccine studies with experimental antigens have shown that regulatory T cells (Tregs) constrain the magnitude of B cell responses. This homeostatic Treg-mediated suppression is thought to reduce the potential of germinal center (GC) responses to generate autoreactive antibodies. However, essentially opposite results were observed in live influenza infections where Tregs promoted B cell and antibody responses. Thus, it remains unclear whether Tregs dampen or enhance B cell responses, especially during live viral infections. Here, we use mice infected with Friend retrovirus (FV), which induces a robust expansion of Tregs. Depletion of Tregs led to elevated activation, proliferation, and class switching of B cells. In addition, Treg depletion enhanced the production of virus-specific and virus-neutralizing antibodies and reduced FV viremia. Thus, in contrast to influenza infection, Tregs either directly or indirectly suppress B cells during mouse retroviral infection indicating that the ultimate effect of Tregs on B cell responses is specific to the particular infectious agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C. Moore
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
| | - Ronald J. Messer
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
| | - Kim J. Hasenkrug
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Drabczyk-Pluta M, Werner T, Hoffmann D, Leng Q, Chen L, Dittmer U, Zelinskyy G. Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells suppress virus-specific CD8 + T cell responses during acute Friend retrovirus infection. Retrovirology 2017; 14:42. [PMID: 28835242 PMCID: PMC5569525 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-017-0364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) can suppress T cell responses in several different diseases. Previously these suppressive cells were observed to expand in HIV patients and in a mouse retrovirus model, yet their suppressive effect on virus-specific CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo has not been characterized thus far. RESULTS We used the Friend retrovirus (FV) model to demonstrate that MDSCs expand and become activated during the late phase of acute FV infection. Only the subpopulation of granulocytic MDSCs (gMDSCs) but not monocytic MDSC suppressed virus-specific CD8+ T cell proliferation and function in vitro. gMDSCs expressed arginase 1, high levels of the inhibitory ligand PD-L1 and the ATP dephosphorylating enzyme CD39 on the cell surface upon infection. All three molecules were involved in the suppressive effect of the gMDSCs in vitro. MDSC depletion experiments in FV-infected mice revealed that they restrict virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses and thus affect the immune control of chronic retroviruses in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that MDSCs become activated and expand during the acute phase of retrovirus infection. Their suppressive activity on virus-specific CD8+ T cells may contribute to T cell dysfunction and the development of chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Drabczyk-Pluta
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Tanja Werner
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Research Group Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Qibin Leng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Gennadiy Zelinskyy
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Mallat SG, Tanios BY, Itani HS, Lotfi T, McMullan C, Gabardi S, Akl EA, Azzi JR. CMV and BKPyV Infections in Renal Transplant Recipients Receiving an mTOR Inhibitor-Based Regimen Versus a CNI-Based Regimen: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 12:1321-1336. [PMID: 28576905 PMCID: PMC5544521 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.13221216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The objective of this meta-analysis is to compare the incidences of cytomegalovirus and BK polyoma virus infections in renal transplant recipients receiving a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTOR)-based regimen compared with a calcineurin inhibitor-based regimen. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We conducted a comprehensive search for randomized, controlled trials up to January of 2016 addressing our objective. Other outcomes included acute rejection, graft loss, serious adverse events, proteinuria, wound-healing complications, and eGFR. Two review authors selected eligible studies, abstracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We assessed quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. RESULTS We included 28 randomized, controlled trials with 6211 participants classified into comparison 1: mTOR inhibitor versus calcineurin inhibitor and comparison 2: mTOR inhibitor plus reduced dose of calcineurin inhibitor versus regular dose of calcineurin inhibitor. Results showed decreased incidence of cytomegalovirus infection in mTOR inhibitor-based group in both comparison 1 (risk ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.41 to 0.72), with high quality of evidence, and comparison 2 (risk ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.24 to 0.80), with moderate quality of evidence. The available evidence neither confirmed nor ruled out a reduction of BK polyoma virus infection in mTOR inhibitor-based group in both comparisons. Secondary outcomes revealed more serious adverse events and acute rejections in mTOR inhibitor-based group in comparison 1 and no difference in comparison 2. There was no difference in graft loss in both comparisons. eGFR was higher in the mTOR inhibitor-based group in comparison 1 (mean difference =4.07 ml/min per 1.73 m2; 95% confidence interval, 1.34 to 6.80) and similar to the calcineurin inhibitor-based group in comparison 2. More proteinuria and wound-healing complications occurred in the mTOR inhibitor-based groups. CONCLUSIONS We found moderate- to high-quality evidence of reduced risk of cytomegalovirus infection in renal transplant recipients in the mTOR inhibitor-based compared with the calcineurin inhibitor-based regimen. Our review also suggested that a combination of a mTOR inhibitor and a reduced dose of calcineurin inhibitor may be associated with similar eGFR and rates of acute rejections and serious adverse events compared with a standard calcineurin inhibitor-based regimen at the expense of higher incidence of proteinuria and wound-healing complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Houssam S. Itani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Ciaran McMullan
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Steven Gabardi
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Elie A. Akl
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamil R. Azzi
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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Dvir R, Paloschi V, Canducci F, Dell'Antonio G, Racca S, Caldara R, Pantaleo G, Clementi M, Secchi A. IL28B rs12979860 genotype as a predictor marker of progression to BKVirus Associated nephropathy, after kidney transplantation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6746. [PMID: 28751760 PMCID: PMC5532253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BK virus (BKV) associated nephropathy (BKVAN) is still an important cause of allograft dysfunction after kidney transplantation (KT). Recent data have shown that the new interferon (IFN)-λ family has been ascribed antiviral properties similar to IFNα, and that the response to IFNλ in kidney is restricted to epithelial cells, suggesting that the IFNλ system evolves as specific protection of the epithelia. We aimed to test the hypothesis of correlation between a single nucleotide polymorphism (C/T dimorphism rs12979860) in the genomic region of IL28B and BKVAN, in patients after KT. Fifty kidney-transplanted patients were included as follow: Group 1 (BKV+/BKVAN+): 11 patients with active BKV- replication and biopsy-proven BKVAN; Group 2 (BKV+/BKVAN-): 22 patients with active BKV- replication but without evidence of BKVAN; Group 3 (BKV-/BKVAN-): 17 patients without evidence of BKV- replication (control group). Here we show that the C/C genotype was statistically higher in group 2 than in group 1 and BKVAN was detected significantly more frequently in patients with C/T and T/T genotypes than in patients with C/C genotype. We therefore propose IL28B polymorphism (rs12979860), as a predictor-marker to differentiate between patients with self-limited, even if persistent, BKV- reactivation and patients with a high risk of progression towards BKVAN, and to modulate the clinical management of these patients accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roee Dvir
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology & Virology, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Vera Paloschi
- Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Canducci
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology & Virology, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- University of Insubria, Dept. of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Sara Racca
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology & Virology, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Caldara
- Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- UniSR-Social.Lab [Research Methods], Faculty of Psychology, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology & Virology, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Secchi
- Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Park YJ, Bae HJ, Chang JY, Yang CW, Chung BH. Development of Kaposi sarcoma and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with human herpesvirus 8 in a renal transplant recipient. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:750-752. [PMID: 26842102 PMCID: PMC5511928 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Byung Ha Chung
- Corresponding to Byung Ha Chung, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo- daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea Tel: +82-2-2258-6066 Fax: +82-2-599-3589 E-mail:
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Sun GR, Zhang YP, Zhou LY, Lv HC, Zhang F, Li K, Gao YL, Qi XL, Cui HY, Wang YQ, Gao L, Pan Q, Wang XM, Liu CJ. Co-Infection with Marek's Disease Virus and Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Increases Illness Severity and Reduces Marek's Disease Vaccine Efficacy. Viruses 2017; 9:E158. [PMID: 28635675 PMCID: PMC5490833 DOI: 10.3390/v9060158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) cause Marek's disease (MD) and reticuloendotheliosis (RE), respectively. Co-infection with MDV and REV is common in chickens, causing serious losses to the poultry industry. However, experimental studies of such co-infection are lacking. In this study, Chinese field strains of MDV (ZW/15) and REV (JLR1501) were used as challenge viruses to evaluate the pathogenicity of co-infection and the influence of MD vaccination in chickens. Compared to the MDV-challenged group, the mortality and tumor rates increased significantly by 20.0% (76.7 to 96.7%) and 26.7% (53.3 to 80.0%), in the co-challenged group, respectively. The protective index of the MD vaccines CVI988 and 814 decreased by 33.3 (80.0 to 47.7) and 13.3 (90.0 to 76.7), respectively. These results indicated that MDV and REV co-infection significantly increased disease severity and reduced the vaccine efficacy. The MDV genome load showed no difference in the feather pulps and spleen, and pathogenicity-related MDV gene expression (meq, pp38, vIL-8, and ICP4) in the spleen significantly increased at some time points in the co-challenged group. Clearly, synergistic pathogenicity occurred between MDV and REV, and the protective efficacy of existing MD vaccines was attenuated by co-infection with Chinese field MDV and REV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Rong Sun
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Yan-Ping Zhang
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Lin-Yi Zhou
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Hong-Chao Lv
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Kai Li
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Yu-Long Gao
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Xiao-Le Qi
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Hong-Yu Cui
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Qing Pan
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Xiao-Mei Wang
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Chang-Jun Liu
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
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Schaenman J, Korin Y, Sidwell T, Kandarian F, Harre N, Gjertson D, Lum E, Reddy U, Huang E, Pham P, Bunnapradist S, Danovitch G, Veale J, Gritsch H, Reed E. Increased Frequency of BK Virus-Specific Polyfunctional CD8+ T Cells Predict Successful Control of BK Viremia After Kidney Transplantation. Transplantation 2017; 101:1479-1487. [PMID: 27391197 PMCID: PMC5219876 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BK virus infection remains an important cause of loss of allograft function after kidney transplantation. We sought to determine whether polyfunctional T cells secreting multiple cytokines simultaneously, which have been shown to be associated with viral control, could be detected early after start of BK viremia, which would provide insight into the mechanism of successful antiviral control. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected during episodes of BK viral replication were evaluated by multiparameter flow cytometry after stimulation by overlapping peptide pools of BK virus antigen to determine frequency of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells expressing 1 or more cytokines simultaneously, as well as markers of T-cell activation, exhaustion, and maturation. RESULTS BK virus controllers, defined as those with episodes of BK viremia of 3 months or less, had an 11-fold increase in frequency of CD8+ polyfunctional T cells expressing multiple cytokines, as compared with patients with prolonged episodes of BK viremia. Patients with only low level BK viremia expressed low frequencies of polyfunctional T cells. Polyfunctional T cells were predominantly of the effector memory maturation subtype and expressed the cytotoxicity marker CD107a. CONCLUSIONS Noninvasive techniques for immune assessment of peripheral blood can provide insight into the mechanism of control of BK virus replication and may allow for future patient risk stratification and customization of immune suppression at the onset of BK viremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Schaenman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Y. Korin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - T. Sidwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - F. Kandarian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - N. Harre
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - D. Gjertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - E. Lum
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - U. Reddy
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - E. Huang
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - P.T. Pham
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - S. Bunnapradist
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - G. Danovitch
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J. Veale
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - H.A. Gritsch
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - E.F. Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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Paulson KG, Lewis CW, Redman MW, Simonson WT, Lisberg A, Ritter D, Morishima C, Hutchinson K, Yelistratova L, Blom A, Iyer J, Moshiri AS, Shantha E, Carter JJ, Bhatia S, Kawasumi M, Galloway DA, Wener MH, Nghiem P. Viral oncoprotein antibodies as a marker for recurrence of Merkel cell carcinoma: A prospective validation study. Cancer 2017; 123:1464-1474. [PMID: 27925665 PMCID: PMC5384867 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer with a recurrence rate of >40%. Of the 2000 MCC cases per year in the United States, most are caused by the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Antibodies to MCPyV oncoprotein (T-antigens) have been correlated with MCC tumor burden. The present study assesses the clinical utility of MCPyV-oncoprotein antibody titers for MCC prognostication and surveillance. METHODS MCPyV-oncoprotein antibody detection was optimized in a clinical laboratory. A cohort of 219 patients with newly diagnosed MCC were followed prospectively (median follow-up, 1.9 years). Among the seropositive patients, antibody titer and disease status were serially tracked. RESULTS Antibodies to MCPyV oncoproteins were rare among healthy individuals (1%) but were present in most patients with MCC (114 of 219 patients [52%]; P < .01). Seropositivity at diagnosis independently predicted decreased recurrence risk (hazard ratio, 0.58; P = .04) in multivariate analyses adjusted for age, sex, stage, and immunosuppression. After initial treatment, seropositive patients whose disease did not recur had rapidly falling titers that became negative by a median of 8.4 months. Among seropositive patients who underwent serial evaluation (71 patients; 282 time points), an increasing oncoprotein titer had a positive predictive value of 66% for clinically evident recurrence, whereas a decreasing titer had a negative predictive value of 97%. CONCLUSIONS Determination of oncoprotein antibody titer assists in the clinical management of patients with newly diagnosed MCC by stratifying them into a higher risk seronegative cohort, in which radiologic imaging may play a more prominent role, and into a lower risk seropositive cohort, in which disease status can be tracked in part by oncoprotein antibody titer. Cancer 2017;123:1464-1474. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly G. Paulson
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle WA
| | - Christopher W. Lewis
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Mary W. Redman
- Clinical Statistics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
| | | | - Aaron Lisberg
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Deborah Ritter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Chihiro Morishima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Kathy Hutchinson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Lola Yelistratova
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Astrid Blom
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Jayasri Iyer
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Ata S. Moshiri
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Erica Shantha
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Joseph J. Carter
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
| | - Shailender Bhatia
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle WA
| | - Masaoki Kawasumi
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Denise A. Galloway
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
| | - Mark H. Wener
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Paul Nghiem
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle WA
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Wunderink HF, van der Meijden E, van der Blij-de Brouwer CS, Zaaijer HL, Kroes ACM, van Zwet EW, Rotmans JI, Feltkamp MCW. Stability of BK polyomavirus IgG seroreactivity and its correlation with preceding viremia. J Clin Virol 2017; 90:46-51. [PMID: 28355579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently we showed that the level of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) IgG seroreactivity in kidney donors predicted viremia and BKPyV-associated nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). This observation could be explained by assuming a direct association between BKPyV seroreactivity and the amount of persistent infectious virus in the renal allograft. OBJECTIVES Since the renal BKPyV reservoir is probably sowed by viremia during primary BKPyV infection, we systematically analysed the dynamics of BKPyV IgG seroreactivity in relation to preceding BKPyV viremia in KTRs and healthy individuals. STUDY DESIGN A cohort of 85 KTRs consisting of BKPyV viremic and nonviremic subjects was analysed for BKPyV IgG seroreactivity at five fixed time points until one year after transplantation. A cohort of 87 healthy blood donors (HBDs) was used as controls. RESULTS Baseline BKPyV seropositivity was high in both KTRs and HBDs, and the baseline mean BKPyV IgG level comparable. BKPyV IgG levels in nonviremic KTRs and HBDs remained stable during follow-up, while a considerable increase was observed in viremic KTRs (p=0.015). The increase of BKPyV seroreactivity in viremic KTRs was associated with the duration and peak level of BKPyV viremia. CONCLUSIONS BKPyV IgG seroreactivity was stable over time in immunocompetent subjects, which enables the use of this potential pretransplantation biomarker in kidney donors. The observed dose-dependent relationship of BKPyV IgG seroreactivity with preceding BKPyV replication is in agreement with the assumption that BKPyV seroreactivity reflects past BKPyV activity and correlates with the amount of latent BKPyV residing within a kidney allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman F Wunderink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Els van der Meijden
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hans L Zaaijer
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aloys C M Kroes
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik W van Zwet
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joris I Rotmans
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariet C W Feltkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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van Aalderen MC, Remmerswaal EBM, Heutinck KM, ten Brinke A, Feltkamp MCW, van der Weerd NC, van der Pant KAMI, Bemelman FJ, van Lier RAW, ten Berge IJM. Clinically Relevant Reactivation of Polyomavirus BK (BKPyV) in HLA-A02-Positive Renal Transplant Recipients Is Associated with Impaired Effector-Memory Differentiation of BKPyV-Specific CD8+ T Cells. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005903. [PMID: 27723787 PMCID: PMC5056763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyomavirus BK (BKPyV) frequently reactivates in immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and may lead to graft loss due to BKPyV-induced interstitial nephritis (BKVN). Little is known on the differentiation of CD8+ T cells targeting BKPyV in RTRs. Here we investigated whether BKPyV-specific CD8+ T cell differentiation differs in RTRs with varying degrees of BKPyV reactivation and/or BKVN. Using combinatorial encoding with tetramers carrying BKPyV major capsid protein (VP1) and large T antigen protein (LTAG) epitopes, we investigated CD8+ T cell responses to BKPyV in longitudinally obtained PBMC samples from 46 HLA-A02-positive RTRs and 20 healthy adults. We were also able to isolate BKPyV-specific CD8+ T cells from five renal allografts, two of which were affected by BKVN. Before transplantation, BKPyV-specific CD8+ T cells targeting VP1 and LTAG epitopes appeared predominantly as central-memory and CD27+/CD28+ effector-memory (TEM), and naïve-like PD-1-expressing cells, respectively. After viral reactivation, BKPyV-specific CD8+ T cells assumed CD28− TEM and TEMRA states in patients who were able to control BKPyV, whereas differentiation lagged behind in patients with severe viral reactivation or BKVN. Furthermore, VP1-specific CD69+/CD103+ tissue-resident memory (TRM) cells accumulated in BKVN-affected allografts but lacked signs of effector differentiation. In contrast, granzyme B-expressing effector cells were detected in allografts not affected by BKVN. In conclusion, effector-memory differentiation of BKPyV-specific CD8+ T cells in patients with high viral load or BKVN is impaired. Further characterization of the specific mechanisms behind this altered cellular differentiation is necessary to develop therapies that can prevent the emergence of BKVN. In immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients (RTRs), BKPyV frequently reactivates from latency and may cause severe interstitial nephritis in the allograft (BKVN). Not only is there no effective treatment, it also not understood why BKVN arises in some RTRs but not in all. In the current study we investigated populations of CD8+ T cells targeting epitopes from structural and non-structural BKPyV proteins in RTRs over the course of transplantation. In contrast to RTRs who suffered from self-limiting reactivation of BKPyV, patients who developed severe viral reactivation and BKVN were found to have BKPyV-specific CD8+ T cells which did not, or less often differentiate into CD28− effector-memory cells during viral reactivation. Moreover, virus-specific CD8+ T cell activation and differentiation was not only impaired in the circulation, but possibly also in BKVN-affected renal allografts. In contrast to the CD8+ T cells in kidneys from three patients who did not develop BKVN, T cells in two BKVN-affected kidneys did not display typical cytotoxic effector traits. These findings suggest that impaired BKPyV-specific CD8+ T cell maturation in response to viral reactivation, possibly owing to inter-individual differences in sensitivity to immunosuppressive medication or to certain viral quasispecies, underlies the emergence of severe viral reactivation and BKVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel C. van Aalderen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Ester B. M. Remmerswaal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kirstin M. Heutinck
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anja ten Brinke
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation and Landsteiner laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariet C. W. Feltkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Neelke C. van der Weerd
- Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Frederike J. Bemelman
- Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René A. W. van Lier
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation and Landsteiner laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ineke J. M. ten Berge
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Kase S, Adachi H, Osaki M, Murakami M, Sairenji T, Hashimoto K, Teramoto H, Yamamoto S, Makino H, Shimizu E, Watanabe T, Ohsawa T, Hagari Y, Mihara M, Ito H. Epstein-Barr Virus-Infected Malignant T/NK-Cell Lymphoma in a Patient with Hypersensitivity to Mosquito Bites. Int J Surg Pathol 2016; 12:265-72. [PMID: 15306941 DOI: 10.1177/106689690401200310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report an autopsy case of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected malignant lymphoma in a young male who had hypersensitivity to mosquito bites. The autopsy revealed multiple confluent lymphoma lesions in the lungs, and on the right leg irregular-shaped skin ulcers were seen. The left pleural effusion also contained a large number of lymphoma cells. The lymphoma cells were determined as T/NK-cell type cells by immunohistochemistry. EBV DNA was detected most intensively in the lungs and EBV-encoded small RNAs-positive lymphoma cells were also observed in the lungs at a high frequency. EBV latent membrane protein-1 expression and a high Ki-67 labeling indices were noted in the lymphoma cells of the lung lesions. These findings indicate that the development of the malignant lymphoma was associated with the proliferation of EBV-infected lymphoma cells, and the cells that infiltrated the whole the body, especially the lungs, caused the patient's death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kase
- Division of Organ Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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Philippe M, Ranchon F, Gilis L, Schwiertz V, Vantard N, Ader F, Labussiere-Wallet H, Thomas X, Nicolini FE, Wattel E, Ducastelle-Leprêtre S, Barraco F, Lebras L, Salles G, Michallet M, Rioufol C. Cidofovir in the Treatment of BK Virus-Associated Hemorrhagic Cystitis after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2016. [PMID: 26718666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.12.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
After allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis (BKV-HC) is a common complication. Although supportive measures have been the standard of care for many years, several studies suggested the efficacy of cidofovir. The aim of this study was to assess the safety profile and efficacy of cidofovir. A retrospective study was conducted on all patients treated with cidofovir in our HSCT unit between March 2011 and May 2013. Data for efficacy (partial [PR] or complete response [CR]), prescription (dose, frequency, number of doses, and administration route), and toxicity were collected from published reports and medical files. Renal toxicity was evaluated using creatinine clearance calculated with the Cockcroft and Gault formula. A parallel literature search using PubMed (last search, May 2015) was performed. From March 2011 to June 2013, 27 of 181 patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT in our department received cidofovir for BKV-HC: 24 (88.9%) intravenously, 1 intravesically, and 2 via both routes. Mean dose was 5 mg/kg per administration, for a median of 4 injections (range, 1 to 11), from twice a week to once every 2 weeks. CR was achieved in 22 patients (81.5%), PR in 2, and no response in 2 patients. Eight patients presented renal failure (29.6%): 6 moderate (creatinine clearance < 60 mL/min) and 2 severe (creatinine clearance < 30 mLmin). Mean decrease in creatinine clearance after cidofovir was 27% (35 mL/min; range, 2 to 159). In 3 cases renal insufficiency and hematologic toxicity led to discontinuation of treatment or switch to intravesical instillation. For 3 patients cidofovir dose was reduced because of nephrotoxicity. Thirteen studies have reported on the use of cidofovir for BKV-HC (204 patients) since 2005. Intravenous cidofovir was used for 91.3% of patients, with doses ranging from .5 to 5 mg/kg. The main toxicity reported was renal failure (9% to 50% in 9 studies). Between 60% and 100% of CRs were observed independently of cidofovir dose or administration route. Cidofovir is an effective therapy for BKV-HC but requires very precise renal function management to avoid toxicity. Cidofovir treatment modalities (high dose, intravesical instillation, or low dose [≤1 mg/kg]) needs to be investigated in randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Philippe
- Clinical Oncology Pharmacy Department, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Florence Ranchon
- Clinical Oncology Pharmacy Department, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France; EMR 3738, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Lila Gilis
- Hematology Department, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Vérane Schwiertz
- Clinical Oncology Pharmacy Department, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Nicolas Vantard
- Clinical Oncology Pharmacy Department, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Florence Ader
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, CRCL, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Labussiere-Wallet
- Hematology Department, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Xavier Thomas
- Hematology Department, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Franck-Emmanuel Nicolini
- Hematology Department, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France; INSERM U1052, CRCL, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Wattel
- Hematology Department, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Sophie Ducastelle-Leprêtre
- Hematology Department, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Fiorenza Barraco
- Hematology Department, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Laure Lebras
- Hematology Department, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Gilles Salles
- Hematology Department, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Mauricette Michallet
- Hematology Department, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Catherine Rioufol
- Clinical Oncology Pharmacy Department, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France; EMR 3738, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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Halim MA, Al-Otaibi T, Gheith O, Mosaad A, Zakaria Z, Said T, Nair P, Nampoory NMR. Long-Term Follow-Up of Active Treatment Versus Minimization of Immunosuppressive Agents in Patients With BK Virus-Associated Nephropathy After Kidney Transplant. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2016; 14:58-65. [PMID: 26862825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is no active treatment for postrenal transplant BK virus-associated nephropathy proven to be effective so far. We assessed the effectiveness of actively treating this condition with combined leflunomide, intravenous immunoglobulin, and ciprofloxacin on long-term graft outcome compared with minimization of immunosuppressive drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Kidney transplant recipients were screened for BK virus-associated nephropathy. Group 1 comprised 22 kidney trans plant recipients with twice-positive BK virus polymerase chain reaction results in urine and blood. After diagnosis was confirmed with graft biopsy, antimetabolite (mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine) was changed to leflunomide and intravenous immunoglobulin and oral ciprofloxacin were given. Group 2 comprised 33 BK virus-associated nephropathy patients treated conventionally with reduced immunosuppressive medications. RESULTS Fifty-five patients were treated (38 males [69%], 28 patients [50.9%] with type 2 diabetes mellitus). Mean HLA antigen mismatches were 3.65, and 28 patients (50.9%) were HLA-Cw7 negative. All patients received induction therapy, 30 patients (55.6%) received thymoglobulin, and 29 patients (52.7%) received antirejection therapy before BK virus-associated nephropathy diagnosis. Maintenance immunosuppression was prednisolone in 53 patients (96.3%), mycophenolate mofetil (2 g daily) in 52 patients (94.5%), and tacrolimus in 28 patients (50.9%). Subsequent rejection episodes occurred in 38% of patients after diagnosis. Basal mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 52.5 ± 25.5, which was reduced significantly to 38.1 ± 27.8 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (P < .0001) at end of study but without significant differences between the groups (P = .08 and P = .17). Follow-up was 7.3 ± 4.99 years. Although no significant differences were shown in patient outcome, graft survival was significantly better in group 2 (P = .032). CONCLUSIONS Administration of 3 different anti-BK virus agents (leflunomide, intravenous immunoglobulin, ciprofloxacin) added no benefit to longterm outcome in patients with BK virus-associated nephropathy. Reduction of immunosuppressive medications appears to be a more effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhat A Halim
- From the Hamed Al-Essa Organ Transplantation Centre, Ibn Sina Hospital, Safat, Kuwait
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42
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Umbro I, Tinti F, Muiesan P, Mitterhofer AP. Different behaviour of BK-virus infection in liver transplant recipients. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1532-1540. [PMID: 26819520 PMCID: PMC4721986 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i4.1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyomavirus BK (BKV) infects up to 90% of the general population. After primary infection, occurring early during childhood, a state of non-replicative infection is established in the reno-urinary tract, without complications for immunocompetent hosts. In immunocompromised individuals, particularly transplanted patients, asymptomatic BKV viremia and/or viruria can be observed. Renal grafts may also be sources of infection as BKV prefers kidneys rather than other solid organs for transplantation such as the liver. The mechanism behind the higher incidence of BKV infection in kidney transplant patients, compared to liver or heart transplantation, is unclear and the prevalence of BKV infection in non-renal solid organ transplants has not been yet thoroughly investigated. We evaluated the prevalence of Polyomavirus BK infection among liver transplant recipients. A PubMed search was conducted using the terms BKV infection AND liver transplant recipients; BKV AND non-renal solid organ transplant*; BKV infection AND immunosuppression; the search was limited to title/abstract and English-language articles published from 2000, to March 2015. Eleven relevant studies suggest that the prevalence of BKV viruria and/or viremia among liver transplant recipients is less than that reported in kidney or heart transplant recipients, except when chronic kidney disease (CKD) is present at the same time. Data also suggest that viruric and viremic patients have higher levels of serum creatinine than BKV negative patients. Moreover, no specific immunosuppressive drugs are associated with the onset of BKV nephropathy. The comorbidity of transplantation and CKD could play a major role in promoting BKV replication.
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43
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Tognon M, Corallini A, Manfrini M, Taronna A, Butel JS, Pietrobon S, Trevisiol L, Bononi I, Vaccher E, Barbanti-Brodano G, Martini F, Mazzoni E. Specific Antibodies Reacting with SV40 Large T Antigen Mimotopes in Serum Samples of Healthy Subjects. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145720. [PMID: 26731525 PMCID: PMC4701414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simian Virus 40, experimentally assayed in vitro in different animal and human cells and in vivo in rodents, was classified as a small DNA tumor virus. In previous studies, many groups identified Simian Virus 40 sequences in healthy individuals and cancer patients using PCR techniques, whereas others failed to detect the viral sequences in human specimens. These conflicting results prompted us to develop a novel indirect ELISA with synthetic peptides, mimicking Simian Virus 40 capsid viral protein antigens, named mimotopes. This immunologic assay allowed us to investigate the presence of serum antibodies against Simian Virus 40 and to verify whether Simian Virus 40 is circulating in humans. In this investigation two mimotopes from Simian Virus 40 large T antigen, the viral replication protein and oncoprotein, were employed to analyze for specific reactions to human sera antibodies. This indirect ELISA with synthetic peptides from Simian Virus 40 large T antigen was used to assay a new collection of serum samples from healthy subjects. This novel assay revealed that serum antibodies against Simian Virus 40 large T antigen mimotopes are detectable, at low titer, in healthy subjects aged from 18–65 years old. The overall prevalence of reactivity with the two Simian Virus 40 large T antigen peptides was 20%. This new ELISA with two mimotopes of the early viral regions is able to detect in a specific manner Simian Virus 40 large T antigen-antibody responses.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral, Tumor/blood
- Antigens, Viral, Tumor/genetics
- Antigens, Viral, Tumor/immunology
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/genetics
- Peptides/immunology
- Phylogeny
- Polyomavirus Infections/blood
- Polyomavirus Infections/immunology
- Polyomavirus Infections/virology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Rabbits
- Reproducibility of Results
- Simian virus 40/classification
- Simian virus 40/immunology
- Simian virus 40/physiology
- Tumor Virus Infections/blood
- Tumor Virus Infections/immunology
- Tumor Virus Infections/virology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Tognon
- Sections of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Marco Manfrini
- Sections of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angelo Taronna
- Section of Microbiology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Janet S. Butel
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Silvia Pietrobon
- Sections of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Bononi
- Sections of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Vaccher
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Fernanda Martini
- Sections of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- * E-mail: (EM); (FM)
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Sections of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- * E-mail: (EM); (FM)
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44
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Lee HM, Jang IA, Lee D, Kang EJ, Choi BS, Park CW, Choi YJ, Yang CW, Kim YS, Chung BH. Risk factors in the progression of BK virus-associated nephropathy in renal transplant recipients. Korean J Intern Med 2015; 30:865-72. [PMID: 26552462 PMCID: PMC4642016 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.30.6.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) is an important cause of allograft dysfunction in kidney transplant recipients. It has an unfavorable clinical course, and no definite treatment guidelines have yet been established. Here, we report our center's experience with biopsy-proven BKVAN and investigate factors associated with its progression. METHODS From January 2004 to April 2013, 25 patients with BKVAN were diagnosed by biopsy at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital. Of the 25 patients, 10 were deceased-donor transplant recipients and 15 were living-donor transplant recipients. Three of the patients underwent retransplantation. The primary immunosuppressant used was tacrolimus in 17 patients and cyclosporine in eight patients. RESULTS BKVAN was observed at a mean duration of 22.8 ± 29.1 months after transplantation. The mean serum creatinine level at biopsy was 2.2 ± 0.7 mg/dL. BKVAN occurred with acute rejection in eight patients (28%). Immunosuppression modification was performed in 21 patients (84%). Additionally, leflunomide and intravenous immunoglobulin were administered to 13 patients (52%) and two (8%), respectively. Allograft loss occurred in five patients (27.8%) during the follow- up period at 0.7, 17.1, 21.8, 39.8, and 41.5 months after the BKVAN diagnosis. Advanced stages of BKVAN, increased creatinine levels, and accompanying acute rejection at the time of BKVAN diagnosis increased the risk of allograft failure. CONCLUSIONS The clinical outcomes in patients with biopsy-proven BKVAN were unfavorable in the present study, especially in patients with advanced-stage BKVAN, poor renal function, and acute allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Min Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Ae Jang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongjae Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Soon Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Jin Choi
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Ha Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Byung Ha Chung, M.D. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpodaero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea Tel: +82-2-2258-6066 Fax: +82-2-599-3589 E-mail :
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Fisher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gissmann
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, FRG
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Henle W, Henle G. The immunological approach to study of possibly virus-induced human malignancies using the Epstein-Barr virus as example. Prog Exp Tumor Res 2015; 21:19-48. [PMID: 205906 DOI: 10.1159/000400857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Laufs R, Meents H, Steinke H. Experiments to vaccinate marmoset monkeys against malignant lymphoma. Bibl Haematol 2015:357-66. [PMID: 169814 DOI: 10.1159/000397553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Humoral antibodies can be induced in cotton topped (CT) marmosets with killed Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) vaccines. The serum antibodies delayed, but did not prevent, malignant lymphoma in actively and passively immunized monkeys after inoculation with 10(3.8)TCID50 of cell-free HVS. Experiments are in progress to determine whether the vaccines are able to protect against smaller challenge dosages of HVS. The immunized monkeys were not resistant against transplantation of tumor cells. Infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Marek's disease virus (MDV) did not protect against the tumors caused by superinfection with HVS. Attenuation of HVS was not achieved by passaging the HVS genome through different monkey species.
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Al-Raisi F, Mohsin N, Kamble P. Management of BK virus nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients at the Royal Hospital - Clinical Audit - Oman. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2015; 13 Suppl 1:156-158. [PMID: 25894146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nephropathy from BK virus (BKV) infection is a growing challenge in kidney transplant recipients globally. It is the result of contemporary potent immunosuppressives aimed at reducing acute rejection and improving allograft survival. Untreated BK virus infections lead to kidney allograft dysfunction or loss. Decreased immunosuppression is the principle treatment but predisposes to acute and chronic rejection. Screening for early detection and prevention of symptomatic BK virus nephropathy may improve outcomes. Although no approved antiviral drug is available, leflunomide, cidofovir, quinolones, and intravenous immunoglobulin have been used. Since the introduction of the new immunosuppressive agents in the transplant regimen at the Royal Hospital, Few cases of BK virus have been detected, and the challenge was to decide upon the best treatment option. MATERIALS AND METHODS The audit was carried out at the Royal Hospital-Oman between January 2010 and December 2012. The nephrology consultant and the clinical pharmacist reviewed all the BK cases and the Royal Hospital. Extensive literature review carried out by the pharmacist to look into the prevalence, prognosis and treatment of BK nephropathy. A treatment protocol was prepared by the clinical pharmacist through guidance of the consultant and was peer reviewed by team of clinical pharmacists and nephrology doctors and approved by the consultant. RESULTS The audit included 19 patients with positive BK virus ployoma nephropathy. The treatment options were applied stepwise in all the patients with BK virus nephropathy with success rate more than 70%. CONCLUSIONS BK virus nephropathy is emerging at an alarming rate and requires increasing awareness. The uses of current treatment options are still questionable. Our audit confirms that reducing immunosuppression appears to be the criterian standard for the treatment of BK nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Al-Raisi
- From the Department of Nephrology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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