451
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Yamamoto H, Shimojo H. Multiplicity reactivation of human adenovirus type 12 and simian virus 40 irradiated by ultraviolet light. Virology 1971; 45:529-31. [PMID: 4328814 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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452
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Are warts cell clones? Nature 1971; 232:10. [PMID: 4326312 DOI: 10.1038/232010a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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453
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Hahn EC, Sauer G. Initial stage of transformation of permissive cells by simian virus 40: development of resistance to productive infection. J Virol 1971; 8:7-16. [PMID: 4105906 PMCID: PMC356208 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.8.1.7-16.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A quantitative assay has been used to determine the conditions leading to acquisition of resistance of permissive cells to lytic infection. The number of cell colonies surviving infection depends on the occurrence of several cell divisions after infection. High yields of resistant colonies were obtained when infected, confluent cultures were released from contact inhibition 10 to 14 hr after infection. Infection of actively growing cells produced similar results, but halting further division by seeding these growing cells on confluent monolayers prevented the development of colonies. Colony formation was a direct function of multiplicities lower than 5. An inverse killing response was observed with higher multiplicities, yet colonies were produced at a multiplicity of infection as high as 50. Brief exposure of input simian virus 40 to ultraviolet light stimulated colony formation. Irradiation of the virus for longer periods of time led to reduction of colony formation at a rate slower than the rate of inactivation of viral infectivity. It was concluded that resistance is induced by simian virus 40 and that this alteration represents one of the earliest detectable characteristics of the transformation of permissive cells.
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454
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Shiroki K, Shimojo H. Transformation of green monkey kidney cells by SV40 genome: the establishment of transformed cell lines and the replication of human adenoviruses and SV40 in transformed cells. Virology 1971; 45:163-71. [PMID: 4329585 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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455
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Smith HS, Scher CD, Todaro GJ. Induction of cell division in medium lacking serum growth factor by SV40. Virology 1971; 44:359-70. [PMID: 4105257 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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456
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Abstract
To determine the number and molecular weights of the structural polypeptides of simian virus 40, we have analyzed purified virus by electrophoresis on 14% polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. Full virus purified by several different methods showed six distinct bands with molecular weights of approximately 43,000 (VP1, containing 70% of virion protein), 32,000 (VP2, 9%), 23,000 (VP3, 10%), 14,000 (VP4, 6%), 12,500 (VP5, 4%), and 11,000 (VP6, 3%) both by analysis of radioactively labeled virions and by visualization of the polypeptide bands after staining. "Empty" virions contain decreased amounts of VP4, 5, and 6. The approximate molecular ratios of the polypeptides were 6.0, 1.0, 1.5, 1.5, 1.1, and 1.0. When virus degraded in an alkaline buffer was analyzed by velocity centrifugation in sucrose gradients, the two larger polypeptides (VP1 and VP2) remained at the top of the gradient, whereas the three smallest polypeptides (VP4, 5, and 6) sedimented as a complex with the viral deoxyribonucleic acid. VP3 was found in association with either VP1 and 2 or VP4, 5, and 6, depending on the conditions of degradation. Presumably, VP1 and VP2, comprising about 80% of the protein, form the capsid of the virus. VP4, 5, and 6 may form a nucleoprotein in the virion, and VP3 may serve as an intermediate structural component.
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457
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Baranska W, Sawicki W, Koprowski H. Infection of mammalian unfertilized and fertilized ova with oncogenic viruses. Nature 1971; 230:591-2. [PMID: 4324231 DOI: 10.1038/230591a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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458
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Levin MJ, Crumpacker CS, Lewis AM, Oxman MN, Henry PH, Rowe WP. Studies of nondefective adenovirus 2-simian virus 40 hybrid viruses. II. Relationship of adenovirus 2 deoxyribonucleic acid and simian virus 40 deoxyribonucleic acid in the Ad2+ND genome. J Virol 1971; 7:343-51. [PMID: 4323709 PMCID: PMC356124 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.7.3.343-351.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A nondefective adenovirus 2 (Ad2)-simian virus 40 (SV40) hybrid virus, Ad2(+)ND(1), has been plaque-isolated from an Ad2-SV40 hybrid population. This virus, unlike the defective Ad-SV40 hybrid populations previously described, replicates without the aid of nonhybrid adenovirus helper. Consequently, the hybrid virus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) can be obtained free of nonhybrid adenovirus DNA. The DNA of the Ad2(+)ND(1) virus was shown by ribonucleic acid (RNA)-DNA hybridization to consist of nucleotide sequences complementary to Ad2- and SV40-specific RNA. Techniques of equilibrium density and rate zonal centrifugation were employed to demonstrate that these Ad2 and SV40 nucleotide sequences were linked together in the same DNA molecules by alkali-resistant bonds. Calibration curves were established relating the amount of tritium-labeled SV40-specific RNA (prepared in vitro or in vivo) bound to given amounts of SV40 DNA in a hybridization reaction, and these curves were employed to determine the equivalent amount of SV40 DNA in the Ad2(+)ND(1) molecule. From the results obtained, it was estimated that 1% of the Ad2(+)ND(1) DNA consists of SV40 nucleotide sequences.
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459
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Pollack R, Salas J, Wang R, Kusano T, Green H. Human-mouse hybrid cell lines and susceptibility to species-specific viruses. J Cell Physiol 1971; 77:117-9. [PMID: 4322942 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040770113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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460
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Abstract
Sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the solubilized proteins from purified simian virus 40 (SV40) virions revealed two major and two minor structural polypeptide components. The major components which comprise over 75% of the total virion were shown to be the capsid proteins by immunological and isoelectric focusing fractionation analysis. These two polypeptides have estimated molecular weights of 45,000 daltons as determined by gel electrophoresis. One of the two minor components was identified as the nucleocapsid protein and has an approximate molecular weight of 16,000. The other unidentified minor component has an average molecular weight of 29,000.
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461
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Pontén J. Spontaneous and virus induced transformation in cell culture. VIROLOGY MONOGRAPHS. DIE VIRUSFORSCHUNG IN EINZELDARSTELLUNGEN 1971; 8:1-253. [PMID: 4354654 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-8258-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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462
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Hahn E, Fogh J. Increased resistance of SV40 transformed human amnion cells to poliovirus infection. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1970; 29:343-60. [PMID: 4315823 DOI: 10.1007/bf01249889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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463
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Lehman JM, Defendi V. Changes in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis regulation in Chinese hamster cells infected with simian virus 40. J Virol 1970; 6:738-49. [PMID: 4322080 PMCID: PMC376189 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.6.6.738-749.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of primary or secondary cultures of Chinese hamster embryo cells with simian virus 40 at a multiplicity of 20 to 50 induced synthesis of the virus-specific intranuclear T antigen in 80 to 90% of the cells within 48 to 72 hr. In the infected cultures, 30 to 50% more cells were recruited into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis than in the controls, whether or not the cultures were confluent. The newly synthesized DNA was mostly cellular, since little virus was produced (as shown by various techniques: immunofluorescence for viral antigen, virus growth curves, and isolation of viral DNA from infected cultures). Transformed cells could be detected a few weeks after infection and produced tumors when inoculated into irradiated animals. Chromosomal changes were observed soon after infection (24 hr). Initially, there was a marked increase in the proportion of polyploid cells (8 to 14%), most of which were chromosomally normal. In a few weeks, a large majority of the infected population was polyploid (30 to 50%). Thus, the polyploid cells have the ability to proliferate. Evidence is presented to suggest that polyploid cells arise by stimulation of cells in the G(1), G(2), or S phases to undergo two or more successive periods of DNA synthesis without an intervening mitosis. With a subsequent loss or redistribution of chromosomal material, this may lead eventually to a biologically transformed cell; thus, it is suggested that the initial event(s) relevant to transformation occurs at the level of control of cellular DNA synthesis.
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464
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Takemoto KK, Martin MA. SV40 thermosensitive mutant: synthesis of viral DNA and virus-induced proteins at nonpermissive temperature. Virology 1970; 42:938-45. [PMID: 4321312 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(70)90342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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465
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Crumpacker CS, Levin MJ, Wiese WH, Rowe WP, Lewis AM. Adenovirus type 2-simian virus 40 hybrid population: evidence for a hybrid deoxyribonucleic acid molecule and the absence of adenovirus-encapsidated circular simian virus 40 deoxyribonucleic acid. J Virol 1970; 6:788-94. [PMID: 4322081 PMCID: PMC376196 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.6.6.788-794.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from the adenovirus-encapsidated particles of the adenovirus type 2 (Ad2)-simian virus 40 (SV40) hybrid population plaque variant (Ad2(++) HEY), known to yield SV40 virus with high efficiency, was studied by equilibrium density centrifugation followed by ribonucleic acid-DNA hybridization employing virus-specific complementary ribonucleic acids synthesized in vitro. These techniques establish linkage between the Ad2 and SV40 components in the adenovirus-encapsidated particles of this population. The linkage is alkali-resistant and presumably covalent; thus, the Ad2 DNA and SV40 DNA are present in a hybrid molecule. Velocity centrifugation studies in alkaline sucrose gradients eliminated the possibility that supercoiled circular SV40 DNA is present in the adenovirus capsids. The DNA obtained from the adenovirus-encapsidated particles of the Ad2(++) HEY population appears to consist of nonhybrid Ad2 DNA and Ad2-SV40 hybrid DNA molecules.
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466
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Barbanti-Brodano G, Swetly P, Koprowski H. Superinfection of simian virus 40-transformed permissive cells with simian virus 40. J Virol 1970; 6:644-51. [PMID: 4320699 PMCID: PMC376170 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.6.5.644-651.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence that the resistance of simian virus (SV40)-transformed permissive cells to superinfection with SV40 is due to lack of virus uptake is presented. When virus uptake is enhanced, the events of infection proceed as in normal permissive cells, resulting in production of infectious virus.
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467
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468
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Kit S, Tokuno S, Nakajima K, Trkula D, Dubbs DR. Temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 mutant defective in a late function. J Virol 1970; 6:286-94. [PMID: 4320387 PMCID: PMC376121 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.6.3.286-294.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 (SV40) mutant, tsTNG-1, has been isolated from nitrosoguanidine-treated and SV40-infected African green monkey kidney (CV-1) cultures. Replication of virus at the nonpermissive temperature (38.7 C) was 3,000-fold less than at the permissive temperature (33.5 C). Plaque formation by SV40tsTNG-1 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) on CV-1 monolayers occurred normally at 33.5 C but was grossly inhibited at 38.7 C. The time at which virus replication was blocked at 38.7 C was determined by temperature-shift experiments. In shift-up experiments, cultures infected for various times at 33.5 C were shifted to 38.7 C. In shift-down experiments, cultures infected for various times at 38.7 C were shifted to 33.5 C. All cultures were harvested at 96 hr postinfection (PI). No virus growth occurred when the shift-up occurred before 40 hr PI. Maximum virus yields were obtained at 96 hr PI when the shift-down occurred at 66 hr, but only about 15% of the maximum yield was obtained when the shift-down occurred at 76 hr PI. These results indicate that SV40tsTNG-1 contains a conditional lethal mutation in a late viral gene function. Mutant SV40tsTNG-1 synthesized T antigen, viral capsid antigens, and viral DNA, and induced thymidine kinase activity at either 33.5 or 38.7 C. The properties of the SV40 DNA synthesized in mutant-infected CV-1 cells at 33.5 or 38.7 C were very similar to those of SV40 DNA made in parental virus-infected cells, as determined by nitrocellulose column chromatography, cesium-chloride-ethidium bromide equilibrium centrifugation, and by velocity centrifugation in neutral sucrose gradients. Mutant SV40tsTNG-1 enhanced cellular DNA synthesis in primary cultures of mouse kidney cells at 33.5 and 38.7 C and also transformed mouse kidney cultures at 36.5 C. SV40tsTNG-1 was recovered from clonal lines of transformed cells after fusion with susceptible CV-1 cells and incubation of heterokaryons at 33.5 C, but not at 38.7 C.
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469
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Levine AS, Oxman MN, Henry PH, Levin MJ, Diamandopoulos GT, Enders JF. Virus-specific deoxyribonucleic acid in simian virus 40-exposed hamster cells: correlation with S and T antigens. J Virol 1970; 6:199-207. [PMID: 4322872 PMCID: PMC376109 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.6.2.199-207.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several homologous hamster embryonic cell lines, transformed in association with simian virus (SV) 40 infection, were examined for the presence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) complementary to SV40 ribonucleic acid (RNA) made in vitro. The methods employed permitted the detection of 10(-5) mug of viral DNA in 100 mug of cellular DNA, corresponding to one-fifth of an SV40 DNA molecule per cell. Those lines which contained both the SV40 surface (S) and tumor (T) antigens also contained DNA complementary to SV40 RNA synthesized in vitro. In contrast, neither of two lines which contained S, but not T, antigen contained detectable DNA complementary to SV40 RNA. These findings suggest that the production of S antigen does not depend upon the persistence of SV40 DNA in transformed cells.
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470
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Robb JA. Genetic analysis of simian virus 40. II. Comparison of seven dilution end-point titration microassays. Virology 1970; 41:761-2. [PMID: 4097498 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(70)90440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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471
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Robb JA, Martin RG. Genetic analysis of simian virus 40. I. Description of microtitration and replica-plating techniques for virus. Virology 1970; 41:751-60. [PMID: 4319784 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(70)90439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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472
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Hummeler K, Tomassini N, Sokol F. Morphological aspects of the uptake of simian virus 40 by permissive cells. J Virol 1970; 6:87-93. [PMID: 4097233 PMCID: PMC376093 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.6.1.87-93.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
After exposure of permissive cells to simian virus 40 (SV40), single particles were engulfed by the cell membrane and transported to the nucleus. The cell membrane closed tightly around the particles, increasing their diameter from 40 to 55 nm. The cell membrane was lost during interaction with the nuclear membranes, and particles of the original size were found in the nucleus 1 hr after infection. Uncoating of these nuclear particles occurred rapidly, and none could be found 4 hr after infection. Viral progeny appeared 24 hr after infection.
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473
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Barbanti-Brodano G, Swetly P, Koprowski H. Early events in the infection of permissive cells with simian virus 40: adsorption, penetration, and uncoating. J Virol 1970; 6:78-86. [PMID: 4097232 PMCID: PMC376092 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.6.1.78-86.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The early events in the interaction of simian virus 40 (SV40) with permissive cells were investigated. Evidence is presented that 30 min after infection intact virions penetrate the nuclei of infected cells. The uncoating of the virus is carried out in the nuclei with a complete dissociation of the viral genome from the protein coat. Opening of the circular parental deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), i.e., conversion of component I to component II of SV40 DNA, takes place after uncoating, followed by the appearance of a new component sedimenting faster than component I at alkaline pH.
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474
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Fogh J, Loveless J, Gaffney E. Virus production in cultures of simian virus 40-transformed human amnion cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 1970; 45:149-62. [PMID: 4317735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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475
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Kit S, Kurimura T, Brown M, Dubbs DR. Identification of the simian virus 40 which replicates when simian virus 40-transformed human cells are fused with simian virus 40-transformed mouse cells or superinfected with simian virus 40 deoxyribonucleic acid. J Virol 1970; 6:69-77. [PMID: 4319481 PMCID: PMC376091 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.6.1.69-77.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simian virus 40 (SV40) was rescued from heterokaryons of transformed mouse and transformed human cells. To determine whether the rescued SV40 was progeny of the SV40 genome resident in the transformed mouse cells, the transformed human cells, or both, rescue experiments were performed with mouse lines transformed by plaque morphology mutants of SV40. The transformed mouse lines that were used yielded fuzzy, small-clear, or large-clear plaques after fusion with CV-1 (African green monkey kidney) cells. The transformed human lines that were used did not release SV40 spontaneously or after fusion with CV-1 cells. From each mouse-human fusion mixture, only the SV40 resident in the transformed mouse cells was recovered. Fusion mixtures of CV-1 and transformed mouse cells yielded much more SV40 than those from transformed human and transformed mouse cells. The rate of SV40 formation was also greater from monkey-mouse than from human-mouse heterokaryons. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from SV40 strains which form fuzzy, largeclear, or small-clear plaques on CV-1 cells was also used to infect monkey (CV-1 and Vero), normal human, and transformed human cell lines. The rate of virion formation and the final SV40 yields were much higher from monkey than from normal or transformed human cells. Only virus with the plaque type of the infecting DNA was found in extracts from the infected cells. Two uncloned sublines of transformed human cells [W18 Va2(P363) and WI38 Va13A] released SV40 spontaneously. Virus yields were not appreciably enhanced by fusion with CV-1 cells. However, clonal lines of W18 Va2(P363) did not release SV40 spontaneously or after fusion with CV-1 cells. In contrast, several clonal lines of WI38 Va13A cells did continue to shed SV40 spontaneously.
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476
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Berman LD, Chany C. Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of adenovirus and SV40 on various virus-cell systems. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1970; 30:203-16. [PMID: 4318579 DOI: 10.1007/bf01250190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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477
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Wever GH, Kit S, Dubbs DR. Initial site of synthesis of virus during rescue of simian virus 40 from heterokaryons of simian virus 40-transformed and susceptible cells. J Virol 1970; 5:578-85. [PMID: 4315957 PMCID: PMC376043 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.5.5.578-585.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simian virus 40 (SV40) can be rescued from certain SV40-transformed hamster cells by fusion with susceptible African green monkey kidney (CV-1) cells, in the presence of ultraviolet-irradiated Sendai virus. We have determined the sites in which SV40 is produced during rescue in these heterokaryons. To determine the sequence, nuclei were isolated from fused cells at various times after fusion, separated on sucrose-density gradients, and assayed for infectious center formation and virus content on CV-1 monolayers. Virus was first detected in the transformed nucleus (40 hr postfusion), and later associated with both transformed and susceptible nuclei (68 to 72 hr). Viral rescue apparently does not depend upon the transfer of SV40 deoxyribonucleic acid to a susceptible CV-1 nucleus, since the transformed nucleus is the primary site of virus production. The time course of certain cytological events in the rescue process and in productive infection was found to be similar.
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478
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Friedman MP, Lyons MJ, Ginsberg HS. Biochemical consequences of type 2 adenovirus and Simian virus 40 double infections of African green monkey kidney cells. J Virol 1970; 5:586-97. [PMID: 4315958 PMCID: PMC376044 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.5.5.586-597.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cells were nonpermissive hosts for type 2 adenovirus although the restriction was not complete; when only 3 plaque-forming units/cell was employed as the inoculum, the viral yield was about 0.1% of the maximum virus produced when simian virus 40 (SV40) enhanced adenovirus multiplication. The viral yield of cells infected only with type 2 adenovirus increased as the multiplicity of infection was increased. Type 2 adenovirus could infect almost all AGMK cells in culture; adenovirus-specific early proteins and DNA were synthesized in most cells, but small amounts of late proteins were made in relatively few cells. Even when cells were infected with both SV40 and adenovirus, only about 50% were permissive for synthesis of adenovirus capsid proteins. Approximately the same quantity of adenovirus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was synthesized in the restricted as in the SV40-enhanced infection. However, in cells infected with SV40 and type 2 adenovirus, replication of SV40 DNA was blocked, multiplication of SV40 was accordingly inhibited, and synthesis of host DNA was not stimulated. To enhance propagation of type 2 adenovirus, synthesis of an early SV40 protein was essential; 50 mug of cycloheximide per ml prevented the SV40-induced enhancement of adenovirus multiplication, whereas 5 x 10(-6)m 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine did not abrogate the enhancing phenomenon.
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479
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480
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Levine AJ, Teresky AK. Deoxyribonucleic acid replication in simian virus 40-infected cells. II. Detection and characterization of simian virus 40 pseudovirions. J Virol 1970; 5:451-7. [PMID: 4318087 PMCID: PMC376026 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.5.4.451-457.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purified simian virus 40 (SV40) virions, grown in primary African green monkey kidney cells labeled prior to infection with (3)H-thymidine, contain a variable quantity of (3)H-labeled deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This DNA is resistant to deoxyribonuclease, sediments at 250S, and is enclosed in a particle that can be precipitated with SV40-specific antiserum. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments demonstrate that this (3)H-labeled component in purified SV40 virions is cellular DNA. When this (3)H-labeled DNA is released from purified virus with sodium dodecyl sulfate, it has an average sedimentation constant of 14S. Sedimentation through neutral and alkaline sucrose gradients shows that this 14S DNA is composed of a collection of different sizes of DNA molecules that sediment between 11 and 15S. As a result of this size heterogeneity, SV40 virions containing cellular DNA (pseudovirions) have a variable DNA to capsid protein ratio and exhibit a spectrum of buoyant densities in a CsCl equilibrium gradient. Pseudovirions are enriched, relative to true virions, on the lighter density side of infectious SV40 virus banded to equilibrium in a CsCl gradient. Little or no cellular DNA was found in purified SV40 virus preparations grown in BSC-1 or CV-1 cells.
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481
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Ozer HL, Takemoto KK. Site of host restriction of simian virus 40 mutants in an established African green monkey kidney cell line. J Virol 1969; 4:408-15. [PMID: 4309877 PMCID: PMC375889 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.4.4.408-415.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A previously described large-plaque morphology mutant of SV40 (SV-L) in primary African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cells has been shown to be restricted in the established AGMK line CV-1. The site of restriction is an early step in infection, involving the virus particle. A block in penetration or uncoating has been tentatively proposed. Restriction is observed in a number of other established lines, including monkey, human, and mouse. Independent large-plaque mutants were isolated in AGMK and their properties were compared with SV-L (temperature restriction, host restriction, and virion antigen). They can be separated into two classes. Both are restricted on CV-1, though to a lesser degree than SV-L. Further-more, both are coat mutants as determined by immunological analysis of their virions, suggesting a relationship between coat mutants associated with large-plaque morphology in AGMK and host restriction in established cell lines. Temperature restriction is seen with one but not the other of the mutants.
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482
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Rapp F, Guentzel MJ. Polyribosomes of cells abortively or productively infected with adenovirus, papovavirus, or their hybrid. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1969; 28:255-68. [PMID: 4318616 DOI: 10.1007/bf01240941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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483
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Cassingena R, Tournier P, May P. [A study of the mechanism of induction of SV40 virus development in transformed Syrian hamster cells. II. Kinetics of virion production]. ANNALES DE L'INSTITUT PASTEUR 1969; 117:115-24. [PMID: 4313762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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484
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Tevethia SS, Rapp F. The effect of phleomycin on the replication of papovavirus SV40 and other DNA viruses in simian cells. Cancer Res 1969; 29:912-7. [PMID: 4304732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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485
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Altstein AD, Dodonova NN, Nadtochey GA, Bykovski AF. Interaction between SV 40 and other viruses in tissue culture: interference and double infection. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1969; 28:7-18. [PMID: 4192471 DOI: 10.1007/bf01250840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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486
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Carp RI, Sauer G, Sokol F. The effect of actinomycin D on the transcription and replication of simian virus 40 deoxyribonucleic acid. Virology 1969; 37:214-26. [PMID: 4303488 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(69)90201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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487
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Falke D. [Recent data on the development of virus-induced tumors]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1969; 94:232-6. [PMID: 4303141 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1108935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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488
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Cassingena R, May P. [Study of the mechanism of the induction of the development of SV 40 virus in transformed Syrian hamster cells: kinetics of the appearance of infectious DNA]. COMPTES RENDUS HEBDOMADAIRES DES SEANCES DE L'ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES. SERIE D: SCIENCES NATURELLES 1968; 267:250-2. [PMID: 4300746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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489
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Koch MA, Eggers HJ. Mutants of the simian virus 40 which differ in cell-transforming activity. Nature 1967; 214:178. [PMID: 4291880 DOI: 10.1038/214178b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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490
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Oshiro LS, Rose HM, Morgan C, Hsu KC. Electron microscopic study of the development of simian virus 40 by use of ferritin-labeled antibodies. J Virol 1967; 1:384-99. [PMID: 4318953 PMCID: PMC375237 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.1.2.384-399.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An electron microscopic study of simian virus 40 has revealed a number of structural changes that are related to the development of the virus. The presence of viral antigens in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm has been demonstrated by means of ferritin-labeled antibodies. Although cytoplasmic virions are readily tagged, the lack of tagging of nuclear particles presents a perplexing problem. Presumably, the virus, after release from the nucleus, acquires a new antigenic reactivity in the cytoplasm.
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491
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492
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Schell K, Maryak J. SV-40 virus growth and cytopathogenicity in a serial rabbit kidney cell line. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 1967; 124:1099-102. [PMID: 4290456 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-124-31935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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493
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Tournier P, Cassingena R, Wicker R, Coppey J, Suarez H. [Study of the induction mechanism in Syrian hamster cells transformed by SV40 virus. I. Properties of a clonal cell line]. Int J Cancer 1967; 2:117-32. [PMID: 4292331 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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494
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495
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Pontén J, Lithner F. Absence of specific chromosome alterations in bovine lung fibroblasts exposed to Rous sarcoma virus. Int J Cancer 1966; 1:589-98. [PMID: 4292371 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910010608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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496
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497
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Takemoto KK, Kirschstein RL, Habel K. Mutants of simian virus 40 differing in plaque size, oncogenicity, and heat sensitivity. J Bacteriol 1966; 92:990-4. [PMID: 4288804 PMCID: PMC276366 DOI: 10.1128/jb.92.4.990-994.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Takemoto, K. K. (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md.), R. L. Kirschstein, and K. Habel. Mutants of simian virus 40 differing in plaque size, oncogenicity, and heat sensitivity. J. Bacteriol. 92:990-994. 1966.-Three mutants of simian virus 40 were isolated on the basis of the type of plaques produced in primary cultures of African green monkey kidney cells and designated as L (large), S (small), and M (minute) strains. Significant differences in oncogenicity for hamsters were observed, with the 50% oncogenic dose being 10(4.5) for the L, 10(5.2) for the S, and 10(5.8) for the M strains. All three strains were capable of transforming human diploid cells (W138 strain). At temperatures up to 41 C, the S and M mutants were capable of multiplying to titers almost equivalent to those obtained at 37 C. In contrast, infectious virus was not produced when cells were infected with the L mutant and were incubated at temperatures above 39 C, although complement-fixing viral and tumor antigens were formed. The temperature-sensitive phase of replication of the L strain was shown to be a late stage in viral maturation or assembly.
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498
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499
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van der Noordaa J, Enders JF. Early effects by SV40 on growth in vitro of hamster and human tissue cells. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 1966; 122:1144-9. [PMID: 4288215 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-122-31347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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500
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Mayor HD, Jamison RM, Jordan LE, McGregor S. The influence of p-fluoro-phenylalanine, puromycin, and actinomycin on the development of simian papovavirus (SV40). Exp Mol Pathol 1966; 5:245-62. [PMID: 4288068 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4800(66)90034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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