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Bhat YR, Kumar V, Rao A. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a developing country. Singapore Med J 2008; 49:715-8. [PMID: 18830547 DOI: pmid/18830547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Outcome of neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) varies widely and the data from developing countries is scanty. We aimed to study the management and outcome of CDH. We also aimed to ascertain prenatal and postnatal factors affecting the outcome. METHODS A retrospective review of neonates with CDH admitted to a teaching hospital was conducted. Demographical data, prenatal and postnatal factors, birth details, management and outcomes were studied. Survival was the primary outcome. RESULTS 16 live-born neonates with diaphragmatic hernia were admitted during the study period. All neonates had hernia on the left side. Mean (standard deviation) gestational age and birth weight were 38.6 (1.5) weeks and 2,616.6 (457) g, respectively. Polyhydramnios was associated in one patient, and additional anomalies in five patients (31.3 percent). Overall survival was 56.3 percent. The CDH was detected prenatally in four and postnatally in 12 patients. 12 neonates underwent surgery and nine survived. Prenatally-detected cases had significantly reduced survival to surgery, overall survival and lower Apgar scores at one minute (p-value is less than 0.04). Median age at surgery was 48 hours. Average duration of mechanical ventilation among survivors was 91.5 hours. Neonatal intensive care unit stay ranged from five to 27 (median nine) days. Six of seven deaths occurred within 72 hours of life. Non-survivors had significantly low Apgar scores and were symptomatic within 12 hours of life (p-value is less than 0.03). CONCLUSION Greater than 50 percent survival of neonates with CDH was observed in a centre with conventional ventilation. Poor outcome is likely in neonates who present within 12 hours of life.
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Albouaini K, Egred M, Rao A, Alahmar A, Wright DJ. Cardiac resynchronisation therapy: evidence based benefits and patient selection. Eur J Intern Med 2008; 19:165-72. [PMID: 18395159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2007.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Revised: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the improvement in pharmacologic treatment of heart failure, many patients continue to have severe persistent symptoms, and their prognosis remains poor. One of the most recent advances in heart failure management is the concept of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with right and left ventricular pacing. Large clinical trials have demonstrated morbidity and mortality benefits of CRT in patients with moderate to severe drug refractory heart failure (New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III or IV), and ejection fraction < or = 35% with QRS duration > or = 120 ms. Despite the documented benefits, 20-30% of patients selected to have CRT do not respond to this treatment. Echocardiography will probably play a more important role in better selecting patients with mechanical dyssynchrony who are more likely to respond to CRT. This article reviews the available evidence for CRT as well as the way to select responders to this rather invasive therapy.
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Khandare A, Siruguri V, Rao A, Venkaiah K, Reddy G, Rao G. Diet and Nutrition Status of Children in Four Tribal Blocks of Thane District of Maharashtra, India (Nutrition Status of Children). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2008.485.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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254
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Smith JT, Rao A, Pereira A, Caraty A, Millar RP, Clarke IJ. Kisspeptin is present in ovine hypophysial portal blood but does not increase during the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge: evidence that gonadotropes are not direct targets of kisspeptin in vivo. Endocrinology 2008; 149:1951-9. [PMID: 18162520 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is strong evidence that kisspeptin acts to regulate GnRH secretion, but whether there is also a component of action on the gonadotropes is not clear. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we found that G protein-coupled receptor-54 mRNA is expressed in ovine pituitary cell fractions enriched for gonadotropes as well as in somatotropes and lactotropes. To test whether kisspeptin acts directly on the pituitary gonadotropes, we first examined LH release from primary ovine pituitary cell cultures treated with kisspeptin. We found that kisspeptin treatment increased the concentration of LH in culture media by 80%, compared with control, but only in pituitary cultures from ewes during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle. After this, we determined whether kisspeptin acts on the pituitary gland in vivo. Using GnRH-replaced ovariectomized hypothalamo-pituitary-disconnected ewes, we were not able to achieve any effect of kisspeptin on LH under steady-state conditions or during the period of an estrogen-induced LH surge. Finally, we collected hypophysial portal blood samples from ovariectomized ewes and measured kisspeptin levels. Low but detectable amounts of kisspeptin were found in portal plasma, but levels were similar in ovariectomized ewes that were untreated or given estrogen to elicit an LH surge. Thus, although we observed an effect of kisspeptin on LH release in vitro in some situations, similar findings were not obtained in vivo. Moreover, the low concentrations of kisspeptin in hypophysial portal blood and the lack of any change during the period of an estrogen-induced GnRH/LH surge suggest that action on the pituitary gland is not of major consequence in terms of LH release.
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Dey P, Gupta P, Acharya NK, Rao SN, Ray S, Chakrabarty S, Ramprasad S, Kurian TA, Mawroh A, Kundu A, Bhaktha G, Joseph CP, Kumar P, Rai L, Rao A. Antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in gestational diabetes--a preliminary study. INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 52:149-156. [PMID: 19130858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Increased free radical activity in gestational diabetes (GDM) can lead to a host of damaging and degenerative maternal and fetal complications. Hence antioxidant levels in blood of GDM mothers and cord blood were estimated. Erythrocyte glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), plasma vitamins C and E and serum total glutathione-S-transferase (GST), protein thiols and ceruloplasmin (Cp) were estimated spectrophotometrically in maternal blood of age matched controls and mothers with GDM and also in cord blood samples of the above. There was a significant increase in the erythrocytic GSH, serum total GST and protein thiols in GDM maternal blood when compared to controls whereas erythrocytic SOD exhibited a marked decrease in GDM cases. The changes in plasma vitamins C and E, Cp and erythrocytic TBARS in GDM were not significantly different from controls. Cord blood levels of protein thiols were also significantly increased in GDM. No significant changes were observed in the serum Cp and GST levels of the same. Hence, elevated glucose levels can induce oxidative stress in GDM mothers.
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Venkatesh S, Rao A. 4. Incidental ulnar nerve sensory abnormalities in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Clin Neurophysiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bhat RY, Rao A, Althaf, Prakashini K. An evolved diagnosis of congenital tuberculosis in a very low birthweight premature neonate. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008; 12:344-5. [PMID: 18284843 DOI: pmid/18284843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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258
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Mougin K, Gnecco E, Rao A, Cuberes MT, Jayaraman S, McFarland EW, Haidara H, Meyer E. Manipulation of gold nanoparticles: influence of surface chemistry, temperature, and environment (vacuum versus ambient atmosphere). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:1577-1581. [PMID: 18201112 DOI: 10.1021/la702921v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have manipulated raw and functionalized gold nanoparticles (with a mean diameter of 25 nm) on silicon substrates with dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM). Under ambient conditions, the particles stick to silicon until a critical amplitude is reached by the oscillations of the probing tip. Beyond that threshold, the particles start to follow different directions, depending on their geometry and adhesion to the substrate. Higher and lower mobility were observed when the gold particles were coated with methyl- and hydroxyl-terminated thiol groups, respectively, which suggests that the adhesion of the particles to the substrate is strongly reduced by the presence of hydrophobic interfaces. Under ultrahigh vacuum conditions, where the water layer is absent, the particles did not move, even when operating the atomic force microscope in contact mode. We have also investigated the influence of the temperature (up to 150 degrees C) and of the geometrical arrangement of the particles on the manipulation process. Whereas thermal activation has an important effect in enhancing the mobility of the particles, we did not find differences when manipulating ordered versus random distributions of particles.
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Nayak C, Nayak D, Raja A, Rao A. Erythrocyte indicators of oxidative changes in patients with graded traumatic head injury. Neurol India 2008; 56:31-5. [DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.39309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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260
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Karthikeyan K, Sinha I, Prabhu K, Bhaskaranand N, Rao A. Plasma Protein Thiols and Total Antioxidant Power in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 110:c10-4. [DOI: 10.1159/000148210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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261
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Rao A, Surendrababu NRS. Snap sound and detumescence: fracture penis. J Postgrad Med 2007; 53:255-6. [PMID: 18097116 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.37516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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262
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Rao A, Dallman R, Henderson S, Chen CK. Gbeta5 is required for normal light responses and morphology of retinal ON-bipolar cells. J Neurosci 2007; 27:14199-204. [PMID: 18094259 PMCID: PMC6673526 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4934-07.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gbeta5 exists as two splice variants, Gbeta5-S and Gbeta5-L, which interact with and stabilize the R7 members of the regulators of G-protein signaling (RGSs): RGS6, RGS7, RGS9, and RGS11. Although the role of Gbeta5-L and RGS9-1 is established in photoreceptors, the physiological functions of Gbeta5-S and other R7 RGS proteins remain unclear. We found that the electroretinogram of Gbeta5-/- mice lacks the b-wave component and that Gbeta5-S and RGS11 colocalize with Go alpha at the tips of the ON-bipolar cell dendrites. Unexpectedly, we found a significant reduction in the number of synaptic triads in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) of the Gbeta5-/- mice, which is evident at postnatal day 14. Transgenic expression of Gbeta5-L in rods failed to rescue the b-wave or the OPL defects. These results indicate that Gbeta5-S is indispensable for OPL integrity and normal light responses of the retina.
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Sarguna P, Rao A, Sudha Ramana KN. Outbreak of acute viral hepatitis due to hepatitis E virus in Hyderabad. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007; 25:378-82. [PMID: 18087089 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.37343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A waterborne outbreak of viral hepatitis occurred in the old city of Hyderabad from March through August 2005. An attempt was made to study the outbreak clinically, serologically, and etiologically. METHODS Five hundred and forty-six clinically and biochemically documented cases were screened for the hepatotropic viral markers, hepatitis A, B, C, and E by the ELISA method. Their demographic characteristics and outcomes were analyzed. Point source contamination of the water supply with sewerage was identified. RESULT Our data confirms hepatitis E as the major cause of the outbreak (78.57%). Occasionally, mixed infection of HEV-HAV (5.31%) or HEV-HBV (0.91%) was detected in the present series of acute viral hepatitis. CONCLUSIONS HEV was confirmed as the major etiological agent in this outbreak that was transmitted by contaminated drinking water. The study highlights the importance of screening for both enterically transmitted hepatotropic viral markers as well as the parenterally transmitted hepatotropic viral markers during outbreaks of acute viral hepatitis.
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Sarguna P, Rao A, Ramana KNS. OUTBREAK OF ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS DUE TO HEPATITIS E VIRUS IN HYDERABAD. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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265
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Nayak C, Nayak D, Bhat S, Raja A, Rao A. Relationship between neurological outcome and early oxidative changes in erythrocytes in head injury patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007; 45:629-33. [PMID: 17484625 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2007.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental data indicate that destructive oxidative events reach their peak within the first 24 h after trauma in head injury (HI) and that brain damage occurring due to this impact can be the cause of death or irreversible permanent disabilities in affected patients. METHODS Venous blood samples were obtained from 50 HI patients within 24 h of trauma onset and from 30 age- and sex-matched normal controls (NC). Patients were divided into three different neurological outcome groups: those who died within 10 days of trauma (D), and those with severe neurological deficits (SD) or mild/no neurological deficits (MD) at 90 days after trauma. Early oxidative changes in erythrocytes were assessed by estimating an indicator of lipid peroxidative damage - thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) - and antioxidants [reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity]. RESULTS In the D group, erythrocyte TBARS levels were significantly higher compared to the NC, SD and MD groups (p<0.001); GSH levels were significantly lower compared to the NC (p<0.001) and MD (p<0.01) groups and SOD activity was significantly higher than in the NC (p<0.01) and MD (p<0.01) groups. In the SD group, TBARS levels were significantly higher than in the NC (p<0.001) and MD (p<0.05) groups; GSH levels were significantly lower than in the NC (p<0.001) and MD (p<0.01) groups and SOD activity was higher compared to the NC and MD (p<0.01) groups. In the MD group, TBARS levels were significantly higher and GSH levels significantly lower compared to the NC group (p<0.001). However, we did not observe any significant change in SOD activity compared to the NC group. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that early oxidative changes may reflect the severity of neurological insult and provide an early indication of patient outcome in traumatic HI.
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Mandal AK, Woodi M, Sood V, Krishnaswamy PR, Rao A, Ballal S, Balaram P. Quantitation and characterization of glutathionyl haemoglobin as an oxidative stress marker in chronic renal failure by mass spectrometry. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:986-94. [PMID: 17574228 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glutathionyl haemoglobin (GS-Hb) belonging to the class of glutathionylated proteins has been investigated as a possible marker of oxidative stress in different chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine whether glutathionyl haemoglobin can serve as an oxidative stress marker in non-diabetic chronic renal failure patients on different renal replacement therapies (RRT) through its quantitation, and characterization of the specific binding site of glutathione in haemoglobin molecule by mass spectrometric analysis. DESIGN AND METHODS The study group consisted of non-diabetic chronic renal failure patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT): hemodialysis (HD), continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and renal allograft transplant (Txp) patients. Haemoglobin samples of these subjects were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for GS-Hb quantitation. Characterization of GS-Hb was done by tandem mass spectrometry. Levels of erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (as thiobarbituric acid reacting substances) were measured spectrophotometrically, while glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured by HPLC. RESULTS GS-Hb levels were markedly elevated in the dialysis group and marginally in the transplant group as compared to the controls. GS-Hb levels correlated positively with lipid peroxidation and negatively with the erythrocyte glutathione levels in RRT groups indicating enhanced oxidative stress. De novo sequencing of the chymotryptic fragment of GS-Hb established that glutathione is attached to Cys-93 of the beta globin chain. Mass spectrometric quantitation of total glycated haemoglobin showed good agreement with HbA1c estimation by conventional HPLC method. CONCLUSIONS Glutathionyl haemoglobin can serve as a clinical marker of oxidative stress in chronic debilitating therapies like RRT. Mass spectrometry provides a reliable analytical tool for quantitation and residue level characterization of different post-translational modifications of haemoglobin.
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Rao A, Iqbal M, Price DE, Stephens JW. Necrotizing fasciitis and hypothyroidism. QJM 2007; 100:533-4. [PMID: 17545683 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcm048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Yadav J, Padmavani B, Reddy BV, Venugopal C, Rao A. Total Synthesis of Diospongin A via an Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution of (±)-Tetrahydropyranol Derived from Prins Cyclization. Synlett 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-984886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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269
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Nayak CD, Nayak DM, Raja A, Rao A. Time-relative changes in the erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities and their relationship with Glasgow Coma Scale scores in severe head injury patients in the 21-day posttraumatic study period. INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2007; 61:381-9. [PMID: 17611343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species are indicated to play a prime role in the pathophysiology of brain damage following a severe head injury (SHI). AIM The current study was designed to understand the time-relative changes and relationship between erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of SHI patients in the 21-day posttraumatic study period. SETTINGS AND DESIGN The study included 24 SHI patients and 25 age- and sex-matched normal controls (NC). Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were assayed in these patients and controls. The GCS scores of these patients were also recorded for the comparative study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Venous blood samples were collected on day 7 (D7) and D21 from SHI patients and NC for the assay of SOD, GR and GSH-Px activities. These changes were correlated with age and changes in GCS scores of patients. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare mean values of each parameter between group 1 (NC), group 2 (D7 changes in SHI patients) and group 3 (D21 changes in SHI patients). ANOVA was followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests. The Pearson correlation was applied to correlate between the antioxidant parameters and age and GCS scores of these patients. RESULTS A significant increase in erythrocyte SOD and GSH-Px activities was observed in group 3 as compared to groups 1 and 2. The increase in GSH-Px activity was significant in group 2 as compared to group 1. Although not significant, there was an increase in mean GR activity in groups 2 and 3 as compared to group 1. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that SHI patients have shown significantly enhanced erythrocyte SOD and GSH-Px activities during the 21-day posttraumatic study period.
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Ford SR, Rao A, Kochilas L. Giant coronary artery aneurysm formation following meningococcal septicaemia. Pediatr Cardiol 2007; 28:300-2. [PMID: 17486388 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-006-0041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of coronary vasculitis with formation of giant coronary artery aneurysms in a child following meningococcal septicemia. We suggest that coronary vasculitis is a rare complication of meningococcal septicemia that should be included in the list of conditions known to elicit a Kawasaki-like inflammatory response.
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Bhargava S, Rao A, Mishra A. A Case of Von Hippel Lindau Disease. Med J Armed Forces India 2007; 63:302-4. [PMID: 27408029 PMCID: PMC4922678 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(07)80167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2004] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Narayanan M, Szymanski J, Slavcheva E, Rao A, Kelly A, Jones K, Jaffers G. BK virus associated renal cell carcinoma: case presentation with optimized PCR and other diagnostic tests. Am J Transplant 2007; 7:1666-71. [PMID: 17511691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Polyomaviruses, including BK and JC viruses, have been associated with graft failure, but have not commonly been associated with malignancy. We present a case of renal cell carcinoma arising in an allograft kidney, in which the tumor and metastasis contain viral DNA. Tumor and biopsy specimens from this patient were examined with hematoxylin & eosin, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH). The results were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with BKV primers. Other viruses including herpes simplex 1-2, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and varicella zoster were not detected. The presence of BKV DNA in a renal cell carcinoma, including a metastatic focus, adds to the evidence that this virus may play a role in cancers of the kidney and urinary tract.
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Szymanski LA, Schneider JE, Friedman MI, Ji H, Kurose Y, Blache D, Rao A, Dunshea FR, Clarke IJ. Changes in insulin, glucose and ketone bodies, but not leptin or body fat content precede restoration of luteinising hormone secretion in ewes. J Neuroendocrinol 2007; 19:449-60. [PMID: 17504439 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2007.01551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive system, including pulsatile luteinising hormone (LH) secretion, is inhibited by deficits in energy availability and restored by energy surfeits. Plasma LH, insulin, leptin, ghrelin, glucose, ketone body, and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations were measured in ovariectomised, food-restricted ewes before and after return to ad libitum feeding to determine the factors that change in time to account for the restoration of pulsatile LH secretion. At 07.00 h, blood was sampled every 10 min for 5 h from ovariectomised, hypogonadotrophic, chronically food-restricted and ad libitum-fed ewes (Fed). At 12.00 h, four of the food-restricted sheep were given ad libitum access to food (Re-Fed), while three ewes continued to be food restricted (Restricted). Sampling continued for 5 h and resumed again on the mornings of days 2, 4, and 9. A pulse of LH was seen within 1 h of re-feeding in all Re-Fed ewes, and interpulse interval (IPI) was significantly shorter in Re-Fed compared to Restricted ewes and longer than in Fed ewes during the period after re-feeding. Re-Fed LH IPI was not restored to that of Fed ewes until sometime between days 4 and 9. The first pulse occurred within minutes, whereas restoration of IPI occurred after 4-8 days. Prior to the initial LH pulses seen in Re-Fed ewes, plasma ketone bodies first fell and then rose to levels significantly above those in Restricted ewes. Significant changes in circulating insulin, ghrelin, glucose, and total ketone body concentrations, daily food intake and lean body mass preceded restoration of Re-Fed LH IPI some time between days 4 and 9, but there were no significant changes in adiposity or circulating leptin concentrations, consistent with the hypothesis that LH pulses are reinitiated by changes in the availability of oxidisable metabolic fuels and possibly insulin, but not leptin concentrations.
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Cheng AKS, Poon PL, Tan K, Rao A, Lim E, Ramalingam G. HP30P A COMPARISON OF 4 DIFFERENT PROPRIETARY GASTRIC BANDS. ANZ J Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04122_30.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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275
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Gentile N, Vaidyula V, Rao A, Rao A. Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperglycemia Promote Blood Coagulation after Acute Ischemic Stroke. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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