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Cheng MH, Chen HC, Wei FC, See LC, Lee HY, Wang CJ. Combined ischemic preconditioning and laser Doppler measurement for early division of pedicled groin flap. THE JOURNAL OF TRAUMA 1999; 47:89-95. [PMID: 10421193 DOI: 10.1097/00005373-199907000-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main disadvantage of the pedicled groin flap for hand reconstruction is the long period of immobilization required. Early division of the pedicled groin flap is desirable for both patients and surgeons. The aims of this study were to investigate whether ischemic preconditioning can effectively accelerate the neovascularization of the junction between the donor and recipient sites in the pedicled flap, and the most objective method of judging the timing of early division of the pedicled groin flap. This report is the first prospective study to use ischemic preconditioning for early division of pedicled cutaneous flap combined with laser Doppler measurement. METHODS The severe hand injuries of 12 patients were reconstructed by using the pedicled groin flap method. The ischemic preconditioning program was prospectively performed as scheduled for 5 to 7 days postoperatively. The pedicled groin flap was monitored with laser Doppler when the flap was elevated, inset, with clamping and nonclamping postoperatively. RESULTS Eleven of the 12 pedicled groin flaps were divided safely and survived completely. Only one pedicled groin flap with a simultaneous harvest of iliac bone graft had partial flap loss, giving a success rate of 90.1%. CONCLUSION With ischemic preconditioning, the pedicled groin flap can be safely divided postoperatively at a mean period of 8.4 days according to the laser Doppler measurement, especially when the perfusion unit ratio of clamping over nonclamping reaches more than 36.6%.
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Yoo CH, Noh SH, Kim H, Lee HY, Min JS. Prognostic significance of CD44 and nm23 expression in patients with stage II and stage IIIA gastric carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 1999. [PMID: 10362087 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9098(199905)71:1<22::aid-jso5>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Predicting the prognosis in gastric carcinoma patients with intermediate stages is difficult. We investigated the prognostic impacts of CD44 and nm23 expression in a homogeneous group of patients with stage II and IIIA gastric carcinoma who had undergone curative resections. METHODS A total of 261 paraffin-embedded gastric carcinomas were stained with the monoclonal antibodies CD44 and nm23 using the labeled streptovidin biotin method. RESULTS The expression of CD44 and nm23 was detected, respectively, in 31.0% (81/261) and 70.1% (183/261) of all tumors. There was no correlation between CD44 expression and clinicopathological variables. However, nm23 was more frequently expressed in older patients with differentiated adenocarcinoma. A significant difference in 5-year survival rates was found between patients with CD44-positive (43.2%) and CD44-negative tumors (63.4%), (P = 0.0018). However, there was no significant difference in 5-year survival rates between patients with nm23-positive (54.7%) and nm23-negative tumors (62.7%) (P = 0.2734). CONCLUSIONS CD44 expression was a significant adverse prognostic factor in gastric carcinoma and may be a predictor of metastatic potential of the primary tumor. By contrast, immunohistochemical detection of nm23 expression was not a predictor of outcome of patients with gastric carcinoma.
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Chiao YC, Lee HY, Wang SW, Hwang JJ, Chien CH, Huang SW, Lu CC, Chen JJ, Tsai SC, Wang PS. Regulation of thyroid hormones on the production of testosterone in rats. J Cell Biochem 1999; 73:554-62. [PMID: 10733348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a thyroidectomy and thyroxine (T4) replacement on the spontaneous and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated secretion of testosterone and the production of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) in rat testes were studied. Thyroidectomy decreased the basal levels of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone, which delayed the maximal response of testosterone to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and hCG in male rats. T4 replacement in thyroparathyroidectomized (Tx) rats restored the concentrations of plasma LH and testosterone to euthyroid levels. Thyroidectomy decreased the basal release of hypothalamic GnRH, pituitary LH, and testicular testosterone as well as the LH response to GnRH and testosterone response to hCG in vitro. T4 replacement in Tx rats restored the in vitro release of GnRH, GnRH-stimulated LH release as well as hCG-stimulated testosterone release. Administration of T4 in vitro restored the release of testosterone by rat testicular interstitial cells (TICs). The increase of testosterone release in response to forskolin and androstenedione was less in TICs from Tx rats than in that from sham Tx rats. Administration of nifedipine in vitro resulted in a decrease of testosterone release by TICs from sham Tx but not from Tx rats. The basal level of cAMP in TICs was decreased by thyroidectomy. The increased accumulation of cAMP in TICs following administration of forskolin was eliminated in Tx rats. T4 replacement in Tx restored the testosterone response to forskolin. But the testosterone response to androstenedione and the cAMP response to forskolin in TICs was not restored by T4 in Tx rats. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of a thyroidectomy on the production of testosterone in rat TICs is in part due to: 1) the decreased basal secretion of pituitary LH and its response to GnRH; 2) the decreased response of TICs to gonadotropin; and 3) the diminished production of cAMP, influx of calcium, and activity of 17beta-HSD. T4 may enhance testosterone production by acting directly at the testicular interstitial cells of Tx rats.
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Chan JY, Chen WC, Lee HY, Chang TJ, Chan SH. Phosphorylation of transcription factor cyclic-AMP response element binding protein mediates c-fos induction elicited by sustained hypertension in rat nucleus tractus solitarii. Neuroscience 1999; 88:1199-212. [PMID: 10336130 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of cyclic-AMP response element binding protein signaling in the induction of the immediate-early gene c-fos by baroreceptor activation in neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarii of anesthetized rats. Activation of the arterial baroreceptors with sustained hypertension significantly increased the number of neurons in the caudal nucleus tractus solitarii that were immunoreactive to an antiserum that detects Ser133-phosphorylated cyclic-AMP response element binding protein. This implied increase in phosphorylation of cyclic-AMP response element binding protein was subsequently followed by an elevation in the expression of Fos protein in neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarii. Microinjection bilaterally into the nucleus tractus solitarii of a phosphorothioated antisense oligonucleotide directed against the initiation site of cyclic-AMP response element binding protein messenger RNA discernibly reduced the manifested immunoreactivity of phosphorylated cyclic-AMP response element binding protein in response to baroreceptor activation. This was accompanied by a decline in the transcription of c-fos messenger RNA and the expression of Fos protein, along with an appreciable potentiation of the baroreceptor reflex response. Control injections of the sense oligonucleotide or artificial cerebrospinal fluid were ineffective. These findings suggest that phosphorylation of cyclic-AMP response element binding protein is crucial to Fos expression in the nucleus tractus solitarii elicited by sustained hypertension. As such, phosphorylation of cyclic-AMP response element binding protein may be an important early nuclear event that mediates the long-term inhibitory modulation of the baroreceptor reflex response by Fos protein at the nucleus tractus solitarii.
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to describe the findings of MRI in tuberculous pyomyositis (PM). METHOD The MR images of four proven cases of tuberculous PM were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed with clinical and laboratory findings. The location, signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted spin echo images, presence of abscess, signal intensity of peripheral rim, patterns of contrast enhancement, and associated findings were evaluated. RESULTS On MR images, all cases demonstrated low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images in a single muscle. Abscess was seen in all cases. Peripheral rim showed subtle hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and hypointensity on T2-weighted images. After gadolinium infusion, peripheral rim enhancement was observed in all cases. Cellulitis was associated in one case. The patients clinically presented with a palpable mass of long duration. CONCLUSION Tuberculous PM shows characteristic findings of a well demarcated abscess with rim enhancement at MRI and can be distinguished from other soft tissue masses.
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Yoo CH, Noh SH, Kim H, Lee HY, Min JS. Prognostic significance of CD44 and nm23 expression in patients with stage II and stage IIIA gastric carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 1999; 71:22-8. [PMID: 10362087 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9098(199905)71:1<22::aid-jso5>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Predicting the prognosis in gastric carcinoma patients with intermediate stages is difficult. We investigated the prognostic impacts of CD44 and nm23 expression in a homogeneous group of patients with stage II and IIIA gastric carcinoma who had undergone curative resections. METHODS A total of 261 paraffin-embedded gastric carcinomas were stained with the monoclonal antibodies CD44 and nm23 using the labeled streptovidin biotin method. RESULTS The expression of CD44 and nm23 was detected, respectively, in 31.0% (81/261) and 70.1% (183/261) of all tumors. There was no correlation between CD44 expression and clinicopathological variables. However, nm23 was more frequently expressed in older patients with differentiated adenocarcinoma. A significant difference in 5-year survival rates was found between patients with CD44-positive (43.2%) and CD44-negative tumors (63.4%), (P = 0.0018). However, there was no significant difference in 5-year survival rates between patients with nm23-positive (54.7%) and nm23-negative tumors (62.7%) (P = 0.2734). CONCLUSIONS CD44 expression was a significant adverse prognostic factor in gastric carcinoma and may be a predictor of metastatic potential of the primary tumor. By contrast, immunohistochemical detection of nm23 expression was not a predictor of outcome of patients with gastric carcinoma.
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Lee HY, Lee HW, Kim D. Dynamic states of a continuum traffic equation with on-ramp. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1999; 59:5101-11. [PMID: 11969465 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.59.5101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/1998] [Revised: 02/01/1999] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
We study the phase diagram of the continuum traffic flow model of a highway with an on-ramp. Using an open boundary condition, traffic states and metastabilities are investigated numerically for several representative values of the upstream boundary flux f(up) and for the whole range of the on-ramp flux f(rmp). An inhomogeneous but time-independent traffic state (standing localized cluster state) is found and related to a recently measured traffic state. Due to the density gradient near the on-ramp, a traffic jam can occur even when the downstream density is below the critical density of the usual traffic jam formation in homogeneous highways, and its structure varies qualitatively with f(rmp). The free flow, the recurring hump (RH) state, and the traffic jam can all coexist in a certain metastable region where the free flow can undergo phase transitions either to the RH state or to the traffic jam state. We also find two nontrivial analytic solutions. These solutions correspond to the standing localized cluster state and the homogeneous congested traffic state (one form of the traffic jam), which are observed in numerical simulations.
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Cho JM, Suh JS, Na JB, Cho JH, Kim Y, Yoo WK, Lee HY, Chung IH. Variations in meniscofemoral ligaments at anatomical study and MR imaging. Skeletal Radiol 1999; 28:189-95. [PMID: 10384988 DOI: 10.1007/s002560050499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate variations in the meniscofemoral ligaments (ligaments of Wrisberg and Humphrey) at anatomical study and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. DESIGN Twenty-eight cadaveric knees were partially dissected for the examination of the meniscofemoral ligaments. One hundred knee MR examinations were reviewed by two experienced musculoskeletal radiologists. Proximal variations in the meniscofemoral ligaments at MR imaging were classified into three types according to the attachment site: type I, medial femoral condyle; type II, proximal half of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL); type III, distal half of the PCL. Distal variations were classified into vertical or oblique types according to the orientation of the intermediate signal at the interface of the ligament and lateral meniscus. RESULTS At anatomical study, six cases showed variations in the proximal insertion site of the meniscofemoral ligaments. At MR imaging 93 cases had one or more meniscofemoral ligaments, giving a total of 107 ligaments: 90 ligaments of Wrisberg and 17 ligaments of Humphrey. Forty-one ligaments of Wrisberg were type I, 28 type II, 19 type III, and with two indeterminate type, while 6 ligaments of Humphrey were type I and the remaining 11 were indeterminate. Seven cases showed no meniscofemoral ligament. Of the 107 meniscofemoral ligaments, the distal insertion orientation was of vertical type in 10 ligaments, oblique type in 70 and unidentified in 27. CONCLUSION An understanding of the high incidence of meniscofemoral ligament variations may help in the interpretation of knee MR studies.
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Lee HY, Sueoka N, Hong WK, Mangelsdorf DJ, Claret FX, Kurie JM. All-trans-retinoic acid inhibits Jun N-terminal kinase by increasing dual-specificity phosphatase activity. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19:1973-80. [PMID: 10022884 PMCID: PMC83990 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.19.3.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/1998] [Accepted: 12/04/1998] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are serine-threonine kinases that play a critical role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. We previously observed that JNK activity is suppressed by all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA), a ligand for retinoic acid nuclear receptors (RARs), in normal human bronchial epithelial cells, which are growth inhibited by t-RA. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which t-RA inhibits JNK and the possibility that this signaling event is blocked in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Virtually all NSCLC cell lines are resistant to the growth-inhibitory effects of t-RA, and a subset of them have a transcriptional defect specific to retinoid nuclear receptors. We found that in NSCLC cells expressing functional retinoid receptors, serum-induced JNK phosphorylation and activity were inhibited by t-RA in a bimodal pattern, transiently within 30 min and in a sustained fashion beginning at 12 h. Retinoid receptor transcriptional activation was required for the late, but not the early, suppression of JNK activity. t-RA inhibited serum-induced JNK activity by blocking mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase 4-induced signaling events. This effect of t-RA was phosphatase dependent and involved an increase in the expression of the dual-specificity MAP kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1). t-RA did not activate MKP-1 expression or inhibit JNK activity in a NSCLC cell line with retinoid receptors that are refractory to ligand-induced transcriptional activation. These findings provide the first evidence that t-RA suppresses JNK activity by inhibiting JNK phosphorylation. Retinoid receptor transcriptional activation was necessary for the sustained inhibition of JNK activity by t-RA, and this signaling event was disrupted in NSCLC cells with retinoid receptors that are refractory to ligand-induced transcriptional activation.
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Shin SK, Noh H, Kang SW, Seo BJ, Lee IH, Song HY, Choi KH, Ha SK, Lee HY, Han DS. Risk factors influencing the decline of residual renal function in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. ARCH ESP UROL 1999; 19:138-42. [PMID: 10357184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the nature of the decline in residual renal function (RRF) after the initiation of peritoneal dialysis, and to identify risk factors influencing the preservation of RRF. DESIGN A retrospective single-center study. SETTING Tertiary medical center. PATIENTS Eighty patients who were clinically stable and had been on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for a minimum of 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All subjects had at least three measurements of RRF, which was calculated as the average of creatinine clearance (Ccr) and urea clearance from a 24-hour urine collection. All measurements of RRF were plotted on a logarithmic scale and a linear scale against the duration of CAPD. Covariables used in the correlation analyses were age, sex, the presence of diabetes mellitus, mean blood pressure, mean diastolic blood pressure, hematocrit and Ccr at the start of peritoneal dialysis, peritoneal membrane transport characteristics by peritoneal equilibration test (PET), and the rate of peritonitis. RESULTS A significant correlation was found between CAPD duration and RRF decline represented on a logarithmic scale with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.355 (p < 0.001). In contrast, on a linear scale, the correlation coefficient was only 0.273 (p < 0.01). By linear multiple regression analysis, the only independent risk factor for the decline of RRF was the rate of peritonitis (r = -0.446, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These results suggest that RRF declines exponentially rather than linearly with time, and that the rate of peritonitis is an independent risk factor for the decline of RRF in CAPD patients.
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Im SA, Gomez-Manzano C, Fueyo J, Liu TJ, Ke LD, Kim JS, Lee HY, Steck PA, Kyritsis AP, Yung WK. Antiangiogenesis treatment for gliomas: transfer of antisense-vascular endothelial growth factor inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Res 1999; 59:895-900. [PMID: 10029081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Presently, there is no effective treatment for glioblastoma, the most malignant and common brain tumor. Angiogenic factors are potentially optimal targets for therapeutic strategies because they are essential for tumor growth and progression. In this study, we sought a strategy for efficiently delivering an antisense cDNA molecule of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to glioma cells. The recombinant adenoviral vector Ad5CMV-alphaVEGF carried the coding sequence of wild-type VEGF165 cDNA in an antisense orientation. Infection of U-87 MG malignant glioma cells with the Ad5CMV-alphaVEGF resulted in reduction of the level of the endogenous VEGF mRNA and drastically decreased the production of the targeted secretory form of the VEGF protein. Treatment of s.c. human glioma tumors established in nude mice with intralesional injection of Ad5CMV-alphaVEGF inhibited tumor growth. Taken together, these findings indicate that the efficient down-regulation of the VEGF produced by tumoral cells using antisense strategies has an antitumor effect in vivo. This is the first time that an adenoviral vector is used to transfer antisense VEGF sequence into glioma cells in an animal model, and our results suggest that this system may have clinical and therapeutic utility.
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Kang TC, Jeon GS, Kim HJ, Shin DH, Lee KH, Lee HY, Yoo YB, Lee BL, Cho SS. Rat osteopontin antibody is cross-reactive to a novel myelin-associated protein in chick. Brain Res 1999; 818:527-30. [PMID: 10082841 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(98)01265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) was initially identified as glycosylated phosphoprotein in bones of vertebrates. Recently, OPN is reported to express in the primitive neuroepithelia of early chick embryonic hindbrain. We have demonstrated that rat OPN is immunohistochemically localized in the white matter of chick CNS. We have further confirmed the specificity of OPN cross-immunoreaction in myelin using demyelinated optic nerve induced by lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), where the intensity of immunoreaction was closely related to the degree of demyelination. Immunoblot analyses showed that rat OPN antibody recognized a protein with molecular weights of approximately 47 kDa from chick CNS. Our data suggest that the antigen recognized by rat OPN is a previously undescribed myelin-associated protein in the chick CNS.
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Lee HY, Lee JS, Kim EJ, Han JW, Lee HW, Kang YJ, Chang KC. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) mRNA expression and nitric oxide production by higenamine in murine peritoneal macrophages. Arch Pharm Res 1999; 22:55-9. [PMID: 10071960 DOI: 10.1007/bf02976436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthesized by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been implicated as a mediator of inflammation in rheumatic and autoimmune diseases. The effects of higenamine, a tetrahydroisoquinoline compound, on induction of NOS by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were examined in murine peritoneal macrophages. LPS-induced nitrite/nitrate production was markedly inhibited by higenamine which at 0.01 mM, decreased nitrite/nitrate levels by 48.7+/-4.4%. This was comparable to the inhibition of LPS-induced nitrite/nitrate production by tetrandrin (49.51+/-2.02%) at the same concentration. Northern and Western blot analysis of iNOS expression demonstrated that iNOS expression was significantly attenuated following co-incubation of peritoneal macrophages with LPS (10 microg/ml; 18 hrs) and higenamine (0.001, 0.01 mM; 18 hrs). These results suggest that higenamine can inhibit LPS-induced expression of iNOS mRNA in murine peritoneal macrophages. The clinical implications of these findings remain to be established.
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Kim MJ, Lee HY, Joo CK. Posterior capsule opacification in eyes with a silicone or poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999; 25:251-5. [PMID: 9951673 DOI: 10.1016/s0886-3350(99)80135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and silicone intraocular lenses (IOLs) on posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after cataract surgery. SETTING Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea. METHODS This retrospective study comprised 48 patients (54 eyes) who had neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy from March 1995 to December 1997. All operations were performed by 1 surgeon using the same technique except for incision method. RESULTS Mean interval from cataract surgery to Nd:YAG capsulotomy was 31 months in the PMMA group and 15 months in the silicone group. The difference between groups was statistically significant (P = .0002). The ratio of Elschnig pearl to fibrosis type PCO was 16:6 in the PMMA group and 14:18 in the silicone group. Mean total Nd:YAG laser energy used was 256 mJ in the PMMA group and 309 mJ in silicone group. However, the damage caused by the laser was more severe and more common in the silicone group. CONCLUSION Silicone IOLs induced PCO faster than PMMA IOLs, with fibrosis the most common type in the silicone group. Precautions should be taken to prevent damage during Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy in eyes with a silicone IOL.
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Park K, Kim SI, Kim YS, Moon JI, Choi KH, Lee HY, Han DS, Kim PK. Results of kidney transplantation from 1979 to 1997 at Yonsei University. CLINICAL TRANSPLANTS 1999:149-56. [PMID: 9919399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
1. Long-term graft survival markedly improved after the introduction of CsA as the main immunosuppressant in living-donor kidney transplantation at our institution. 2. HLA-identical LRD kidney transplantation provided the best long-term graft survival rate, probably due to a decreased incidence of graft loss from rejection. 3. We could achieve good long-term graft survival in LURD kidney transplantation compared with that of HLA-haploidentical LRD kidney transplantation. 4. Because of the striking discrepancy between organ donation and the increasing demand for transplantation, distant relative donors and LURDs, including swap donors, should be considered as an alternative way to increase the number of available donors when accompanied by a careful evaluation process.
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Lee KM, Lee SY, Lee HY. Bistage control of pH for improving exopolysaccharide production from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum in an air-lift fermentor. J Biosci Bioeng 1999; 88:646-50. [PMID: 16232678 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(00)87094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/1999] [Accepted: 08/14/1999] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It was found that pH control definitely affects mycelial cell growth and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production of the mycelial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum. Compared to the case of uncontrolled pH cultivation, a culture system whose pH was kept constant at 3 and 6 exhibited improved mycelial cell growth and EPS production, respectively. The bistage pH control technique, that is, shifting the pH from 3 to 6 at the initial phase of the exponential growth, is introduced to improve cell growth and EPS production. This technique can greatly increase EPS production to 20.1 g/l from 4.1 g/l in the case of uncontrolled pH cultivation, without adverse effects on cell growth as in the case of constant maintenance of a high pH. It was also proved that bistage pH control retained the desirable morphologies of the mycelia during cultivation and resulted in low viscosity and yield stress of the culture broth. It will be useful for the application of the culture process to mycelial growth in a large-scale fermentor.
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Im EH, Lee BS, Sung JK, Lee SO, Lee KT, Lee SM, Kim SH, Seo KS, Kim JH, Kim SG, Kim NJ, Lee HY. T cell subsets in chronic hepatitis B and the effect of prednisolone withdrawal and interferon alpha-2b. Korean J Intern Med 1999; 14:1-8. [PMID: 10063307 PMCID: PMC4531910 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.1999.14.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The evaluations of the pathogenetic roles of cell mediated immunity and of the preventive effect for disease progression with interferon(IFN) treatment in patients with chronic active hepatitis-B(CAH-B) are the objectives of this study. METHODS Thirty-two patients with CAH-B were treated with interferon alpha-2b(IFN alpha-2b) with prednisolone withdrawal and 30 control patients were treated with conventional hepatotonics for 6 months. Peripheral total T cell fractions and T cell subsets of the patients with CAH-B, treated with IFN alpha-2b with prednisolone withdrawal, were examined 1 month before administration of prednisolone, and compared with 12 normal controls for assessing the potential role of cellular immunity in the development of CAH-B. To estimate the effectiveness of IFN therapy for the patients with CAH-B, levels of various liver function tests, HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, HBV DNA, anti-HCV and others were assessed for the treatment group and compared with control patients at pre- and post-treatment period each. RESULTS The value of CD4 was significantly lower in patients with CAH-B than normal controls (36.3 +/- 7.7% vs 42.1 +/- 5.7%, p < 0.05) and the value of CD8 was significantly higher in patients with CAH-B than normal controls (30.6 +/- 10.3% vs 24.3 +/- 5.2%, p < 0.05) before prednisolone administration. The patients in responder group (n = 26) had significantly lower CD4 cells compared with normal controls, but non-responders (n = 6) did not have. The levels of liver function test(LFT) in the patients with IFN alpha-2b treatment with prednisolone withdrawal were not different from the control patient group at pretreatment, but significantly lower than control patient group's after treatment, regardless of response to IFN alpha-2b treatment with prednisolone withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS The cellular immunity of the host may have a potential role in the pathogenesis of chronicity of hepatitis B infection. IFN alpha-2b treatment with prednisolone withdrawal may be regarded as one of the effective treatment modalities for the inhibition of disease progression in patients with CAH-B.
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Lee LC, Lee HY, Lee YH, Young YC, Huang SC. Pregnancy associated with gastric carcinoma. J Formos Med Assoc 1998; 97:866-8. [PMID: 9884491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer during pregnancy is very rare. We present the case of a 32-year-old woman, gravida 1 para 0, who suffered from advanced gastric cancer during pregnancy. Although the clinical symptoms of the tumor were evident early in the third trimester, the tumor was not diagnosed until 7 days postpartum, when it was too far advanced for curative resection. Only palliative procedures were carried out. The woman died of the cancer less than 3 months postpartum. Early diagnosis of this disease entity is often difficult and a poor prognosis invariably ensures, unless obstetricians maintain a high level of awareness. In pregnant patients with eccentric symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract that persist beyond the second trimester, further endoscopic evaluation should be considered. Occult blood in stool concomitant with elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen concentration should be considered as an important indicator for thorough endoscopic investigation.
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Lim S, Lee HY, Lee H. Inhibition of colonization and cell-matrix adhesion after nm23-H1 transfection of human prostate carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 1998; 133:143-9. [PMID: 10072163 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(98)00219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A human gene, nm23-H1, has been known as a metastasis suppressor in many tumor cells. The cellular mechanisms by which the nm23-H1 protein may directly or indirectly modulate the metastatic phenotype are not yet known. In this study the phenotypic effect of transfection of nm23-H1 cDNA into the human DU 145 prostate carcinoma cell line was examined. Despite similar growth rates, the nm23-H1-transfected lines displayed decreased colonization in soft agar and adhesion to extracellular matrix components when compared with the control transfected line. The results suggest that the nm23-H1 gene product suppresses the metastatic potential of prostate carcinoma cells by inhibiting their ability in anchorage-independent growth and extracellular matrix adhesion.
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Chan JY, Chen WC, Lee HY, Chan SH. Elevated Fos expression in the nucleus tractus solitarii is associated with reduced baroreflex response in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1998; 32:939-44. [PMID: 9822457 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.32.5.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We delineated the functional role of Fos protein at the nucleus tractus solitarii in the manifestation of reduced baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate during hypertension, using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), stroke-prone SHR, Wistar-Kyoto rats, or Sprague-Dawley rats. Microinjection into the bilateral nucleus tractus solitarii of an antisense oligonucleotide that targets against the initiation codon of c-fos mRNA significantly potentiated the baroreceptor reflex in response to 30 minutes of sustained increase in blood pressure. Of particular note was the restoration of both the impaired sensitivity and capacity of baroreceptor reflex in SHR and stroke-prone SHR to levels comparable to those in normotensive rats. Likewise, the number of Fos-immunoreactive nuclei evoked by the sustained increase in blood pressure in the caudal nucleus tractus solitarii of SHR and stroke-prone SHR was reduced, after this antisense c-fos treatment, to the basal level exhibited by the normotensive animals. Control treatment with the corresponding sense oligonucleotide, an antisense oligonucleotide that targets against a different portion of the coding sequence of the c-fos mRNA or artificial cerebrospinal fluid, on the other hand, elicited no discernible effect on either the baroreceptor reflex response or the induced expression of Fos protein in the nucleus tractus solitarii by baroreceptor activation. We also found that the basal level of Fos expression in the caudal nucleus tractus solitarii was significantly elevated in the SHR and stroke-prone SHR. Together, these novel findings suggest that an elevated expression of basal Fos protein in the NTS during hypertension may be associated with the dysfunction in baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate.
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Kisaka H, Kisaka M, Lee HY, Kameya T. Isolation of a cDNA for tryptophan synthase beta from rice and studies of its expression in a 5-methyltryptophan-resistant mutant of rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1998; 38:875-878. [PMID: 9862503 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006014610825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA clone encoding rice tryptophan synthase beta (TSB) was isolated and its transcript level was examined in TR-No. 73, a derivative of a previously isolated rice mutant (TR-1) that is resistant to 5-methyltryptophan. The cDNA sequence of the rice gene for TSB was very similar to that of genes for TSB from other plants. Northern blotting analysis revealed that the steady-state level of TSB mRNA in the 5MT-resistant mutant TR-No. 73 was 1.3 times higher than the level of TSB mRNA in control rice plants under standard conditions. The level of TSB mRNA in control rice plants decreased after treatment of plants with 5MT. Similarly, the level of TSB mRNA in TR-No. 73 initially decreased, although less so than in control rice. However, after 12 h of treatment with 5MT, the level of the transcript in TR-No. 73 returned to the level under standard conditions. The activity of tryptophan synthase (TS) in seedlings of TR-No. 73 was about 2.3 times higher than that in seedlings of control rice under standard conditions.
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Nagele RG, Freeman T, Fazekas J, Lee KM, Thomson Z, Lee HY. Chromosome spatial order in human cells: evidence for early origin and faithful propagation. Chromosoma 1998; 107:330-8. [PMID: 9880766 DOI: 10.1007/s004120050315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the origin and nature of chromosome spatial order in human cells by analyzing and comparing chromosome distribution patterns of normal cells with cells showing specific chromosome numerical anomalies known to arise early in development. Results show that all chromosomes in normal diploid cells, triploid cells and in cells exhibiting nondisjunction trisomy 21 are incorporated into a single, radial array (rosette) throughout mitosis. Analysis of cells using fluorescence in situ hybridization, digital imaging and computer-assisted image analysis suggests that chromosomes within rosettes are segregated into tandemly linked "haploid sets" containing 23 chromosomes each. In cells exhibiting nondisjunction trisomy 21, the distribution of chromosome 21 homologs in rosettes was such that two of the three homologs were closely juxtaposed, a pattern consistent with our current understanding of the mechanism of chromosomal nondisjunction. Rosettes of cells derived from triploid individuals contained chromosomes segregated into three, tandemly linked haploid sets in which chromosome spatial order was preserved, but with chromosome positional order in one haploid set inverted with respect to the other two sets. The spatial separation of homologs in triploid cells was chromosome specific, providing evidence that chromosomes occupy preferred positions within the haploid sets. Since both triploidy and nondisjunction trisomy 21 are chromosome numerical anomalies that arise extremely early in development (e.g., during meiosis or during the first few mitoses), our results support the idea that normal and abnormal chromosome distribution patterns in mitotic human cells are established early in development, and are propagated faithfully by mitosis throughout development and into adult life. Furthermore, our observations suggest that segregation of chromosome homologs into two haploid sets in normal diploid cells is a remnant of fertilization and, in normal diploid cells, reflects segregation of maternal and paternal chromosomes.
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Herkenham M, Lee HY, Baker RA. Temporal and spatial patterns of c-fos mRNA induced by intravenous interleukin-1: a cascade of non-neuronal cellular activation at the blood-brain barrier. J Comp Neurol 1998; 400:175-96. [PMID: 9766398 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19981019)400:2<175::aid-cne2>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Brain cells responsive to a peripheral immune challenge, identified by in situ hybridization of c-fos mRNA following intravenous administration of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1) or sterile saline, were investigated at 0.5, 1, and 3 hours postinjection in rats. Doses of IL-1 ranged from 0.05 to 10 microg/kg; induction of c-fos mRNA occurred at > or = 0.5 pg/kg. The majority of IL-1-induced c-fos mRNA-positive cells were non-neuronal cells located in barrier regions of the brain. The cells became radiolabeled in two separate but related spatiotemporal patterns. The first pattern, occurring at 0.5 hour, was characterized by c-fos mRNA labeling of cells of the outer meninges (mainly arachnoid), blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and choroid plexus. This activation pattern disappeared at 1 hour. At 3 hours, a second activation pattern appeared in cells located just inside the now quiescent barrier cells. In addition, the circumventricular organs each showed characteristic spatiotemporal labeling patterns resulting from successive activation of specific cell types, with a general spread of activation directed away from the circumventricular organs over time. At 3 hours post IL-1, c-fos and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNAs showed colocalization in the arcuate nucleus/median eminence/glia limitans region. We propose that the first wave of activation is elicited by blood-borne immune signals, but the second wave is caused by molecules generated within the first set of activated cells. The transduced signal appears to propagate to neighboring receptive cells by extracellular diffusion. In this manner, blood-brain barrier cells can transduce peripheral IL-1 signals in widespread areas of the brain, although the circumventricular organs may be the most effective loci for signal transduction.
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Lee YN, Lee HY, Lee YM, Chung HY, Kim SI, Lee SK, Park BC, Kim KW. Involvement of glucocorticoid receptor in the induction of differentiation by ginsenosides in F9 teratocarcinoma cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1998; 67:105-11. [PMID: 9877210 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(98)00080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that ginsenosides Rh1 and Rh2 induced the differentiation of F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells [Lee, Y. N., Lee, H. Y., Chung, H. Y., Kim, S. I., Lee, S. K., Park, B. C. and Kim, K. W., In vitro induction of differentiation by ginsenosides in F9 teratocarcinoma cells. Eur. J. Cancer 1996, 32, 1420-1428.]. Since the chemical structure of Rh1 and Rh2 is very similar to that of dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, we investigated whether Rh1 and Rh2 act through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Immunocytochemistry showed that Rh1 or Rh2 increased the nuclear translocation of GR in the same manner of dexamethasone. In the gel shift assay, glucocorticoid response element (GRE) binding protein in F9 cells was increased by Rh1 or Rh2. To confirm whether the increased binding protein is GR, we performed the competition assay with unlabeled GRE as a specific competitor. Moreover, supershift assay with the GR antibody showed that the binding proteins are GR. In addition, to confirm the Rh1 or Rh2-induced transactivation of GRE promoter, we cotransfected GR expression vector and GRE-luciferase vector. In the luciferase assay, Rh1 or Rh2 potently induced luciferase activity and this induction was blocked by RU486, a potent GR antagonist. Taken together, we suggest that ginsenosides Rh1 and Rh2 may induce the differentiation of F9 cells by stimulating the nuclear translocation of GR.
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Kim HM, Hong DH, Lee CW, Kim YH, Kim MS, Lee HY, Han SB. Studies on cell-specific cytotoxicities induced by p-aminophenyl-mercuric acetate (APMA). J Toxicol Sci 1998; 23 Suppl 4:653-6. [PMID: 9836189 DOI: 10.2131/jts.23.supplementiv_653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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